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Hereditary Graid Masrcr Mason of Scotland 1/36 ,
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H[$BEL¥ OF
FREEIiAtONil^Y
AND
IE GRAND LODGE or SCOTLAND^
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THE
HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY
THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND
WITH CHAPTKRS ON
THE KNIGHT TEMPLABS, KKIGHTS OF ST JOHN, MABK MASONBT, AND B. A. PBGBEE
TO WHICH IB ADOBI) AN
APPENDIX OF V^iiSji;,; PAPERS
- WILLIAM ALEXANDER LAURIE,
SZOBVTABT TO THS ORAKD LODOX OF 800TLAND;
F.BJL8., F.&8.A.. K.C.T. F. 4 B„ 4 XJ.J. ;
By Boyl Appointmcat B«pnwnt«tiTe from the Grand Lodfs of Swvden ; and late BeprawnUtlTe tram th*
" Orukl Oitent" of Fnnea ; Hoocvary Mambcr of Um LodgM " 8tar-in-the-Bart» " Calcutta ;
" WUbdm Fnderlfik' of the Ketherlands ; *' SSd," Narnvr ; " Bisijif Star/' Bombaj ;
lad ot Vm.1,% 9, U,U, 48,1(1% 140. S91, Stf. kc. In Bootland.
EDINBURGH : SETON & MACKENZIE. LONDON : B. SPBNOEB. CALCUTTA : R. C. LEPAGE & CO.
MDCCCLIX.
C J»« right ^ 2Va«wlaKMi U nmvtA,^
Alex. Laurie it Co., Printon to tier M^jMty.
TO THE MOST IJOBLE
^ms^t Jupsttts Jfwtok ^a\% 61^ gtike ai %i\ak
KNIQHT OP THB MOST ANCIENT OBDEB OP THE THISTLE,
MOST WOBSHIPPUL QBAND MASTEB MASON OP SCOTLAND, Ac J . • Ac. &c.
IS MOST BESPECTPULLY AND PBATBBNALLY
DEDICATED.
PREFACE.
tributed to the utility and ornament of Nations, and at another to tlie wonder and admiration of succeeding agqs ; — an Institution sometimes persecuted from the jealousy of power ; frequently alarmed by the threats of superstition ; often attacked, but never overthrown.
Part I contains an investigation into the origin of Free Masonry, and records its gradual development, progress, and subsequent universal diffusion from that period to the present day. This portion of the Work, whilst presorviftg the spirit of the Originj^Edition, has b^n entirely remodelled, the Notes carefully verified, and numerous addi- tions made thereto. An interesting Chapter on the Knight Templars, and Knights of St John of Jerusalem, in Scotland, has also been added to this section, in which will be found some interesting facts hitherto unnoticed in any former History of these Orders.
Part II is exclusively devoted to the History of Scottish Masonry from the institution of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1736 to the present year. This has been carefully compiled from the Records of the Grand Lodge, and contains much important information, equally interesting to the Public in general as well as to the Brethren, as these Records, thoup;h frequently solicited, have never been granted to any one who has hitherto written upon the subject. Besides a Chapter on Mark Masonry, with a Sketch of the Ark Mariner and Royal Arch Degrees, there has been added to this Part — as bearing upon and illustrative of the Grand Lodge Records — Notes on the Lodges holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, arranged under Provinces, giving their dates of Charter and Colour of Clothing, with their past and present Provincial Grand Masters.
The Illustrations consist of the Jewels of the Grand Lodge of Scot- land and the Grand Officers thereof ; a Portrait of St Clair of Rosslyn, Hereditary Grand Master Mason ; a variety of Masonic Marks (illus- trative of the History of Mark Masonry) as found in Herculaneum ; in* India ; the Abbeys of Kilwinning, Dryburgh, Melrose, and Abor- brothock ; the Palace of Holyrood ; the Cathedral of Dunkeld ; the Collegiate Gburch of Rosslyn ; as well as in the Minute-Books of the
ilge of Ediii burgh Mary'a Chapel ; the Lodges Journeymen, Edin- bargU ; Aitqbiaoii'a Haven ; and St Ninian, Brechin, &o., &c.
PREFACE. Vll
The Appendix contains a series of useful and interesting Papers, seyeral of which are now published for the first time. Also an Alpha- betical Table, of all the Grand Officers who have been appointed since the institution of the Grand Lodge, exhibiting, in a succinct but com- prehensive manner, their date of Election and period of Office, accom- panied by occasional Biographical Notes.
As a Work of this nature would be properly deemed incomplete with- out a copious Index, this, and an Analytical Table of Contents, have li^en prepared to facilitate reference.
In conclusion, I have to offer my warmest thanks to Brother the Chevalier Burnes, K.H., for his valuable and elaborate Chapter on the Knight Templars and Knight Hospitallers ; also to Brother Andrew Kerr, F.S.A.S., Past Master of Lodge No. 8, for his learned contribu- tion on Mark Masonry, kc, ; and to Brother William Ross, also of Lodge No. 8, for the great zeal and perseverance evinced by him in the arrangement and progress of this Work.
WM. A. LAURIE. Edikbuboh, June 24, 1859.
ANALYSTS. PART I.
CHAPTER I.
PAOB
SEPARATION OP PROFESSIONS — SUPERIORITY OF ARCHITECTURE
DESCRIPTIVE OUTLINE OP FREE MASONRY — OPINIONS RESPECTING ITS ORIGIN OBJECTIONS THERETO ANSWERED.
On tbe separation of Professions, 1
Superiority of Architecture as a separate Profession, 2
The Institution of Free Masonry described, 3
Different opinions respecting its origin, 4
It probably originated in Egypt, $
Its importation into Greece under tbe form of the Eieusinia
and Dionysia, 8
Comparison between the Eieusinia and Free Masonry, 9
Connection between the Eleusinian and Dionysian Mysteries, 12
Institution of tbe Bacchanalia, 13
On the Dionysian artificers of Asia Minor, 14
Comparison between the Dionysian Fraternity and Free Masonry, 15 The existence of Free Masonry at the building of Solomon's Temple
highly probable, 16
Comparison between the Essenes and Free Masons, 17
On the Fraternity of the Kasideans, 19
Comparison between the Pythagorean Fraternity and that of Free
Masons, 20
Connection of the Pythagoreans and Essenes with the Kasideans,
whose office it was to repair the Temple of Jerusalem, 22
Objections of Barruel against the early origin of Free Masonry
answered, 23
ANALYSIS.
CHAPTER II.
PAOB PARTIAL EXTINCTION OP SECRET ASSOCIATIONS DURING THE DARK AGES — TRAVELLING ARCHITECTS — FREE MASONRY EXTINGUISHED THROUGHOUT EUROPE WITH THE EXCEPTION OP BRITAIN— ORIGIN OP THE KNIGHT TEMPLARS THEIR PERSECUTION — THEIR INNO- CENCE MAINTAINED— CONNECTION BETWEEN CHIVALRY AND FREE
MASONRY INITIATION OP THE TEMPLARS INTO THE SYRIAN
FRATERNITY.
Partial extinction of Secret Associations in Earope daring the
Dark Ages, 26
Travelling Fraternity of Architects during the Dark Ages, 27
Causes of their encouragement, 28
Free Masonry extinguished in every part of Europe, except Britain, ib.
Causes of its continuance there, 29
Origin of the Knight Templars, ib.
They are persecuted by the Pope and the French King, 31
Their barbarous treatment, ib.
Declaration of Molay, 32
The innocence of the Templars maintained against the argu- ments of Barruel, 33
Impossibility of the public in general ever knowing the Mysteries
of Secret Associations, 38
Connection between Chivalry and Free Masonry, 41
Exemplified in the case of the Templars, 43
The Knight Templars initiated into the Syrian Fraternities, one
of which exists to this day, 44
CHAPTER III.
PROGRESS OF FREE MASONRY IN BRITAIN — INTRODUCED INTO SCOT- LAND CAUSES OP ITS DECLINE — HISTORY OF, IN THE REIGN OF
HENRY VI — HISTORY OF, IN SCOTLAND, FROM JAMES I TO VI — OFFICE OF HEREDITARY GRAND MASTER CONFERRED UPON THE ST CLAIRS OF ROSLIN — RESIGNATION OF, BY WILLIAM ST CLAIR IN 1736.
Progress of Free Masonry in Britain, 45
Introduced into Kilwinning in Scotland, 46
Time of its introduction into England unknown, ib.
ANALYSIS. XI
PAGE
Causes of the decIlDe of Free Masonry in Britain^ 47
History of the Fraternity in the Reign of Henry VI, 48
Account of a curious Manuscript, 49
History of Free Masonry in Scotland from James I to James VI,... 50 Office of Hereditary Grand Master conferred upon the St Clairs of
Roslin, 51
Resignation of that office by William St Clair, in 1736, 54
Grand Lodge of Scotland instituted, »6.
CHAPTER IV.
FREE MASONRY IN ENGLAND DURING THE CIVIL WARS — INTRODUCED INTO FRANCE — INSTITUTION OP THE GRAND LODGES OF ENGLAND
AND IRELAND RAPID PROGRESS OF THE ORDER INTRODUCED
INTO INDIA, HOLLAND, RUSSIA, SPAIN, AFRICA, GERMANY, <fec.
PERSECUTIONS — ORIGIN OF THE MOPSES GRAND LODGES OF DEN- MARK, SWEDEN, AND PRUSSIA INSTITUTED — THE ILLUMINATI
CONDUCT OF THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT TO THE FRATERNITY IN 1709.
History of Free Masonry in England during the Wars between the
King and Parliament, 55
Fanciful opinions of Dr Robison and Pi vati examined, ib.
Proofs, in opposition to Dr Robison, that Free Masonry was intro- duced into France long before the exile of the Stuart family, 56
Probable time of its introduction, i^.
Causes of the innovations superinduced upon Free Masonry in
France, 58
Causes of its purity in Britain, 59
Grand Lodge of England instituted, 60
History of the Schism in the Grand Lodge of England, by the
secession of what are called the Ancient Masons, ib.
Grand Lodge of Ireland instituted, 61
Rapid progress of Free Masonry, — introduced into India, Holland,
Russia, Africa, Spain, Germany, <S:c., ib.
Persecution of Free Masons in Holland, in 1735, ib.
Persecutions in France, Germany, and again in Holland, in 1740,... 62
Origin of the Fraternity of the Mopses, 64
Persecution of Free Masons in Switzerland, (}5
Cruelty of the Inquisition at Florence, St Sebastian, and Lisbon,
to individuals who were Free Masons, ib.
A17ALYSIS.
PAOR
Examples of the active beneyoleDce of Free Masons, 66
Free Masonry introduced into Bohemia, ib.
Free Masons persecuted in Scotland by the Associate Synod, 01
Free Masonry introduced into Denmark and Sweden, 68
Progress of Free Masonry generally, ib.
Grand Lodges established at Berli n and Brunswick, 69
Convention between the Grand Lodges of England and Berlin, ... ib.
Erection of Charity Schools by the Continental Lodges, 70
Persecution of Free Masons in Portugal, 71
Progress of Free Masonry in Holland, ib.
Origin and progress of the lUuminati, ib.
Causes and utility of that Institution, 72
State of Free Masonry in Germany, 73
Conduct of the British Government to the Fraternity in 1799, 74
CHAPTER V.
THE KNIOHT TEMPLARS AND KNIGHTS OP 8T JOHN IN SCOTLAND— THE ROYAL ORDER OR HEREDOM DE KILWINNING.
The Knight Templars introduced and established in Scotland by
David I, 75
Their general privileges, 76
Priories in Scotland, 77
Their spoliation, ib.
Knights of St John of Jerusalem introduced and located in Scot- land, 78
Union between the Knight Templars and the Knights of St
John, ib.
Surrender to the Crown of the possessions belonging to the com- bined Orders, 79
Said possessions conferred on Sir James Sandilands of Torphichen,
Ex-Grand Preceptor, 80
Preceptors of the Order of St John, 81
Lodge of Cross-legged Masons at Stirling, 82
Hants Grades of the Chevalier Ramsay, 83
Templar Regime de la Stricte Observance of the Baron de Hund,... 84
The Order of the Temple almost extinct in Scotland, ib.
Revival thereof, ib.
Charter from the Duke of Kent, 85
ANALYSIS. XIU
PAGB
Ordre du Temple in France, 86
Abstract of the Statutes thereof, 91
Heredom de Kilwinning, instituted by Robert the Bruce, 93
Established in France, 94
Medal struck in commemoration thereof, t6.
PART 11.
CHAPTER VI.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OP SCOTLAND FROM ITS INSTITUTION IN NOVEMBER 1736 TO NOVEMBER 1753.
lotroduction, 97
Circular Letter from the Edinburgh Lodges, ib.
List of Lodges composing the first meeting of the Grand Lodge, ... 98
Deed of Resignation by William St Clair, 99
First Grand Election, St Andrew's Day, November 30, 1736, 100
Enactments as to new Constitutions to Daughter Lodges, — the
Charity Fund, &c., ib.
Proceedings relative to the Royal InBrmary, 101
Day of Grand Election changed, ib.
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of the Eastern Wing
of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, 2d August 1738, 102
First appointment by the Grand Lodge of a Provincial Grand
Master, 104
Proceedings at laying Foundation-stone of the Western Wing of
the Royal Infirmary, 14th May 1740, ib.
Instances of Masonic Benevolence, ib, et seq.
Lodge Mother Kilwinning, complaint from and adjudication thereon, 106 The Lodges in Scotland divided into Provinces, and Provincial Grand
Masters appointed thereto, ib. et seq.
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of the Royal Exchange,
Edinburgh, 13th September 1753, 108
Addresses delivered on the occasion, 112
ANALYSIS.
CHAPTER VII.
PAGE HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND FROM NOVEMBER 1753 TO NOVEMBER 1773.
Torch-light Procession of the Grand Lodge, 116
The Grand Master for the time being to be affiliated into all Lodges
holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, ib.
Daughter Lodges to take precedence in Processions, &c., according
to seniority, ib.
Foundation-stone of Canongate Poor-house, Edinburgh, laid, 24th
April 1760, 117
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of the North Bridge,
Edinburgh, 2lst October 1763, 118
Diplomas first granted, 120
Foundation-stone of Cowgate Chapel, Edinburgh, laid, Sd April
1771, 121
Note regarding said Chape), ib.
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of Ayr Harbour, 22d
September 1772, 122
Resolutions as to fraternal intercourse between the Grand Lodges
of England (old Constitution) and Scotland, 1 24
CHAPTER VIIL
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND FROM NOVEMBER 1773 TO NOVEMBER 1798.
Death of the Grand Master the Duke of Athole, 126
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of the High School,
Edinburgh, 24th June 1777, 127
Address delivered on the occasion, 129
Death of William St Clair of Roslin, and Funeral Lodge in memory
of; 131
Funeral Oration by Sir William Forbes, Bart., ib.
The senior member (out of office) of Lodge Journeymen, No. 8, to
carry the Mallet at all Processions of the Grand Lodge, 1 37
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of the South Bridge,
Edinburgh, 1st August 1785, ib.
The style or title of Grand to be given to none but the Grand
Master Mason of Scotland, 139
ANALYSIS.
PAOB
Correspondence opened between the Grand Lodges of Scotland and
Berlin, 139
Foundationnstone of the Drawbridge at Leith Harbour laid, 23d
September 1788, 140
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of the University of
Edinburgh, 16th November 1789, 141
Addresses delivered on the occasion, 142
Difference of political opinions no bar to Masonic fellowship, 146
Foundation-stone of Edinburgh Bridewell laid, 30th November 1791, 147
Address of the Grand Master on the occasion, ib.
Address from the Grand Lodge to His Majesty George III, on his
escape from assassination, 149
On Lord Duncan's victory, 150
CHAPTER IX.
BISTORT AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND FROM NOVEMBER 1798 TO NOVEMBER 1 809.
An Address voted to His Majesty on Hear-Admiral Nelson's
victory at the Nile, 151
Presentation of Books to the Grand Lodge by Brother John Hay,
the Grand Treasurer, ib.
Clauses excepting Free Masons from the operation of the Act for
suppressing seditious Societies, ib.
Proceedings of the Grand Lodge consequent thereon, 152
Memorial and Case for the Lord Advocate Dundas, relative to the granting of new Charters under the above-named Act, 155
The Lord Advocators Opinion thereon, 161
Procedure of Grand Lodge relative thereto, ib.
Prohibition by Grand Lodge against Daughter Lodges practising
other than the Three Great Orders of Masonry, 1 62
Address to His Majesty on his second escape from assassination, ... ib. Presentation to the Grand Lodge of the Minute-book of a Lodge of
Free Masons held in Rome in 1735, 163
A re-arrangement of Provinces recommended, and Regulations for
the government of Provincial Grand Masters sanctioned, ib.
Foundation-stone of Wet Docks at Leith laid, 14th May 1801, 164
Addresses delivered on the occasion, 165
Sanction of the Grand Lodge given to the publication of ' A His- tory of Free Masonry,' 166
XVI ANALYSIS.
PAOS
First Edition of the ' Laws and Constitutions of the Grand Lodge of Scotland* read and approved of, 167
Foundation-stone of Lesmahago w Church laid, 1 803, ib.
Foundation-stone of Inveresk Church, Musselburgh, laid, 14th Sep- tember 1803, lb.
Commencement of the union between the Grand Lodges of England and Scotland, by means of the Earl of Moira, 168
Foundation-stone of High School, Leith, laid, 2Sth March 1804, ... ib.
Presentation to the Grand Lodge of Grand Masters Jewel, 170
Motion regarding the Erection of a Masonic Hall, ib.
Subscriptions thereto, ib.
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-Stone of Nelson's Monument
at Glasgow, 1st August 1806, 171
Address by the Provincial Grand Master on the occasion, ib.
Minute of Agreement between the Grand Lodge of Scotland and the Lodge Mother Kilwinning, 173
Expulsion of Dr John Mitchell and others, 175
Foundation-stone of a new Jail in Edinburgh laid, 18th September 1808, 176
Foundation-stone of a Church at Portobello laid, 27th October 1808, ib.
Lodge Scoon and Perth re-admitted into Grand Lodge, ib.
Presentation to Substitute Grand Master Brother Inglis, 177
Purchase of a Hall, ib.
Fofandation-stoue of George the Third's Bastion at Leith laid, 25th
October 1809, ib.
Address on the occasion by the Depute Acting Grand Master the Earl of Moira, 178
Ceremonial observed at the Consecration of the first Free Masons' Hall of Scotland, 180
CHAPTER X.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND FROM NOVEMBER 1809 TO NOVEMBER 1823.
Publication of * The Grand Lodge Circular ' sanctioned, iS3
Deputies appointed to assist in bringing about a union between the Sister Grand Lodges of England under the respective Grand Masterships of His Grace the Duke of Atholo and His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, 184
Foundation-stone of the Lunatic Asylum, Glasgow, laid, 1810, ... i6.
A Master to possess the right of appointing his own Depute, ib.
ANALYSIS.
PAQB
A Petition for holding a Lodge on board H.M.'s ship Ardent^ refused, 184 Sentence of expulsion repealed in so far as it affected Dr Mitchell's
abettors, 185
Union of the two English Grand Lodges, ib.
Lodge Aitchison's Haven to have precedence from 1736, 186
Foundation-stones of Regent Bridge and Calton Jail, Edinburgh,
laid, 19th September 1815, ib.
Tablet in memory of Brother Peter Douglas ordered to be placed in
the Hall of the Lodge Journeymen, 187
An Address voted to the Prince Regent on the marriage of the
Princess Charlotte, 188
Province of Lanarkshire divided into Upper and Middle Wards, ... ib.
The Grand Lodge solicit Brother Inglis to sit for his Portrait, ih.
Address to the Prince Regent on his escape from assassination, ... ib. The Free Masons again exempted from the operation of the Act for
the Suppression of Seditious meetings, 189
Proceedings of the Grand Lodge thereupon, ib.
An Address of Condolence voted to the Prince Regent on the death
of the Princess Charlotte, 190
The Grand Chaplain preaches a Sermon to the Brethren on
the occasion, ib.
An Address of Condolence voted to the Prince Regent on the
death of Her Majesty Queen Caroline, ih,
A loyal Address voted to the Prince Regent) 191
Celebration of the Festival of St Andrew dispensed with this year, ih. Address to His Majesty King George IV on his accession to the
Throne, , ib.
Letter from Leonard Homer, minuted, 193
Foundation-stone of Cramond Bridge, near Edinburgh, laid, 30th
May 1822, ib.
Resolutions by the Subscribers to the National Monument of Scot- land, 194
Address to His Majesty on his visit to Scotland, ib.
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of the National Monu- ment of Scotland, 27th August 1822, 195
Address by the Grand Master on the occasion, 202
Reply by the Duke of Athole, 204
Report of the proceedings as transmitted to the Secretary of
State for the Home Department, 205
Letter of thanks from the Duke of Athole to the Grand Master, 206
XVUl ANALYSIS.
CHAPTER XI.
PAOB HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODOE OF SCOTLAND
FROM DECEMBER 1^ 1823, TO NOVEMBER 1836.
FouDdatioD-stoDO at Glasgow of a New Approach laid, 30th April
1824, 207
Festival of St Andrew dispensed with this year, ib.
Foundation -stone of High School, Edinburgh, laid, 28 th April 1825, ib.
Province of Renfrew divided into East and West, 208
An Address of Condolence voted to His Majesty on the death of
the Duke of York, ib.
Foundation-stones of Western Approach and George IV Bridge,
Edinburgh, laid, 15th August 1827, ib.
Resolutions adopted by Grand Lodge on the death of Sir John Hay,
Grand Treasurer, 209
Address to His Majesty King William IV on his accession to the
Throne, 210
Letter from Sir Robert Peel regarding His Majesty's accept- ance thereof, ike, 211
Resolutions adopted by Grand Lodge on the death of Alexander
Laurie, Grand Secretary, ib.
Foundation-stone of a new Masonic Hall for the Lodge ' Union,'
Dunfermline, authorised to be laid, 212
An Address to His Majesty on his escape from assassination, t^.
Foundation-stone of Perth Harbour laid, 9th June 1832, 213
Foundation -stone of Dundee Harbour laid, 9th August 1832, tb.
Grand Lodge Visitations, ib.
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stones of Lanark County
Buildings and Jail, 2lst March 1834, 214
Address by the Substitute Grand Master, ib.
Ceremony of placing the Key-stone of the Arch of the New Bridge
across the Tweed at Peebles, 15th August J 834, 216
Committee appointed for revision of the Laws and Constitutions,... ib.
Report by said Committee, 217
Sanction given to the New Laws, .n... ib.
Visit to the Theatre by the Grand Lodge, ib.
The Lodge * Navigation,' transferred from Monkton to Troon, ib.
Congratulatory Address voted to His Royal Highness the Duke of
Sussex, 218
Presentation of copies of the Grand Lodge Laws to the Dukes of
Sussex and Leinster, ib.
ANALYSIS. XIX
PAGE
Application from, and reply to Lodge St Cuthbert, Barnard Castle, Durham Militia, relative to its Charter, 218
CHAPTER XII.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OP THE GRAND LODGE OP SCOTLAND FROM NOVEMBER 1836 TO NOVEMBER 3843.
James Buraes, K.H., appointed Provincial Grand Master of Western
India and Dependencies, 219
Celebration of the First Centenary of the existence of the Grand
Lodge of Scotland, 220
Presentation of one of the Gold Medals struck in commemora- tion of the Centenary to each of the Grand Masters of
England and Ireland, 221
RepresentatioDS by Mother Kilwinning Lodge aoent Intrant Fees,
and Deliverances thereon, 222
Address to Her Majesty Qaeen Victoria on her accession to the
Throne, 223
Presentation thereof at Her Majesty's first Levee, by a Deputa- tion from the Grand Lodge, ib.
The Death of Brother Bartram, Grand Clerk, referred to in Grand
Lodge, ib.
Funeral Lodge in memory of Sir Patrick Walker of Coates, 224
Funeral Oration on the occasion by Brother George Macdonald, ib. Question by the Lodge Caledonia, Grenada, regarding the ad- mission of Emancipated Slaves into the Order, and answer
thereto, 227
Verses by Brother Robert Gilfillan, commemorative of St Andrew's
Day,1837, 228
Interchange of Representatives at Sister Grand Lodges agreed to, 229 A Dispensation to work separately the Mark Mason Degree declined
to be issued, ib.
Death of Sir John Hay, late Substitute Grand Master, referred to in
Grand Lodpje, 230
Address of Condolence to Lady Hay, ih.
Foundation-stone of the Mariners' Church and School, North Lcith,
laid, 23d May 1839, 231
Note relating to said Church and School, ib.
Precedence of a Past Master, ib.
XX ANALYSIS.
PAOB
Visitations by Grand Lodge, 231
A congratulatory Address voted to Her Majesty upon her Marriage
with His Royal Highness Prince Albert, 232
An Address voted to Her Majesty on her escape from assassination, i6. Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of the Scott Monument
at Edinburgh, 15th August 1840, ib.
Addresses delivered on the occasion, 235
A congratulatory Address presented to Her Majesty and Prince
Albert on the birth of the Princess Royal, 238
Death of the Grand Master the Earl of Rothes, ib.
Note regarding, ib.
Proceedings of the Grand Lodge at the first Quarterly Com- munication thereafter, 239
Address of Condolence to the Countess of Rothes, ib.
Foundation-stone of the Town Hall and Market Place of Kinross
authorised to be laid, 240
Congratulatory Addresses voted to Her Majesty and His Royal Highness Prince Albert on the birth of the Prince of Wales, ... ib. On the second escape from assassination of Her Majesty and
His Royal Highness Prince Albert, ib.
Addresses presented to Her Majesty and His Royal Highness Prince
Albert on their first visit to Scotland, ib.
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of the Victoria (Assem- bly) Hall, Edinburgh, 3d September 1842, 242
Addresses voted to Her Majesty on the death of the Duke of Sussex,
and on the birth of a Princess, 244
Funeral Lodge in honour of the Duke of Sussex, ib.
Oration pronounced on the occasion by the Rev. John Boyle,... ib. Address by the Grand Master Lord Frederick Fitzclarence, ... 248
CHAPTER XIII.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OP THE GRAND LODGE OP SCOTLAND PROM NOVEMBER 1843 TO NOVEMBER 1853.
Complaint from ' The St John's Lodge of Free Masons, Melrose,' and reply thereto, 250
Report regarding the connection of Benefit Societies with Masonic
Lodges, ib.
Resolutions by Grand Lodge thereon, 251
ANALYSIS. XXI
PAOl
Letter from the Registrar of the Order of the Temple to the Grand
Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, 252
Proceedings at laying the Fonndation-stone of the Puhlic Baths,
Edinhurgh, 29th Jaly 1844, 253
Address delivered on the occasion, 254
Enactments regarding the reception of Lodges visiting a Provincial
Grand Lodge, but not under its jurisdiction, 256
Enactment regarding the Entering, Passing, and Raising of Candi- dates^ ib.
Sale of Grand Lodge Hall to the Town-Council of Edinburgh, ib.
Arrangement for the appointment of Representatives between the
Grand Lodges of Scotland and Prussia, ib.
Fund of Scottish Masonic Benevolence established, 257
Rules concerning, ib.
The Lodge Duntocher and Faifley Union allowed to transfer its
Charter from the Province of Dumbarton to that of Glasgow, ... 259 Proceedings at the Inauguration of the Scott Monument and Statue,
15th August 1846, 260
Addresses delivered on the occasion, ,... 262
Representative to Grand Lodge of England appointed, ,, 265
Proceedings at laying the Fonndation-stone of the Caledonian Rail- way, 9th April 1847, 266
Addresses delivered on the occasion, 268
Deliverance by Grand Lodge anent the Installation of Office- bearers in Daughter Lodges, 270
Fees of Charters reduced, i6.
Donation from Lodge Kilwinning-in-the-East, Calcutta, for the mitigation of the Destitution in the Highlands and Islands of
Scotland, 271
Lo<1ge Scoon and Perth, correct appellation thereof to be recognised
in future, ib.
A Third Edition of the Grand Lodge Laws and Constitutions sanc- tioned, 272
Presentation copies thereof ordered, ib.
Interchange of Representatives with the Grand Lodge of Hesse- Darmstadt agreed to, , ib.
Presentation of its Laws to the Grand Lodge, ib.
Visitation by Grand Lodge, iJb.
Foundation-stone of Sessional School, Canongate, laid, 26th Sep- tember 1848, ib-
Presentations to Grand Lodge of two Swedish Masonic Medals, ... 273
B
XXll ANALYSIS.
PA 01
Death of Brother William Campbell, President of Grand Stewards,
referred to in Grand Lodge, 273
Inangnration, at Dunfermline, of the Statue of the Rev. Ralph
Erskine, 274
Foundation-stone of the Barony Parish Poors* House authorised to
belaid, t6.
Adhesion of the Lodge of Glasgow St John receired, ib.
Note regarding, ib.
Presentation to the Grand Lodge of the Masonic Library of the late
Dr Charles Morison, i6.
Letter of Presentation from Mrs Morison, ib.
Reply thereto, 275
Notes relative to Library and Dr Morison^ ib.
Installation of Provincial Grand Master of Lanarkshire, Upper
Ward, 276
Purchase by Grand Lodge of a copy of the Portrait of William St
Clair of Rosslin, ib.
The Grand Lodge patronises the Theatre-Royal 277, 280
Enactments regarding the Representation of Daughter Lodges, 277
Ditto regarding the unwarranted Lodge at Amsterdam, ib.
Representatives exchanged with the Grand Orient of the Nether- lands, 278
Fraternal communications established with the Swiss Gram! Lodge
Alpina, ib.
Presents to Grand Lodge, ib.
Prohibition relative to Masonic Clubs, ib.
The rank of Honorary Members instituted, 279
Biographical Sketch of Robert Gilfillau, late Grand Bard,. . ib.
First Masonic Ball in Edinburgh, 280
Grand Visitation, ib.
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of the Victoria Bridge,
Glasgow, 9th April 1851, 281
Addresses delivered on the occasion, 285
Present to the Grand Master commemorative of the event, ... 287
Representative from the Grand Lodge of Ireland appointed, 289
Proceedings relative to Marshal Soult's Diploma, t6.
Grand Visitation to Ayrshire Province, ib.
Regulations anent laying Foundation-stones promulgated, 290
Letter from the Representative of the Grand Lodge at the Grand
Orient of the Netherlands, ib.
Foundation-stone commemorative of renewal of the Old Parish
Church at Dalkeith, laid, 29th August 1851, 291
ANALYSIS. XXltl
PAOB
Letter from the RiDg of Norway and Sweden, 291
Instruction to all Brethren present at Initiations, 292
Confirmation of Minntes, meaning thereof, t6.
Grand Visitation to Lodges St Clair and Roman Eagle, Edinburgh, ib.
Ditto to Aberdeen City Province, 293
Ditto to the Provinces of East and West Perthshire, ... ib.
Fonndation-stone of a new Bank at Lochmaben, laid, 28th April
1852, 204
Letter from Prince Frederic of the Netherlands, ih.
Report regarding the function and status of Provincial Grand
Lodges, ib.
Proceedings at the Inauguration of the Wellington Equestrian
Statue, Edinburgh, 18th June 1852, 295
Proceedings at laying the Fonndation-stone of the Dundee Ro3ral
Infirmary, 22d July 1852, 298
Representative to Grand Lodge of England appointed, 299
Interchange and appointment of Representatives between the Grand
Lodgesof Sweden and Hamburg, and the Grand Lodge of Scotland, ib. The deaths of the Provincial Grand Masters of Forfarshire and
Dumfries referred to in Grand Lodge, t^.
Fees of Grand Lodge Diplomas reduced.. 300
Death of Brother John Tinsley, Grand Marshal, referred to, ib,
Fonndation-stone of an Asylum for Defective Children nt Baldovan,
laid, 7th July 1853, ib.
Installation of the Grand Lodge of Scotland's Representative at
Hamburgh notified, ib.
The Lodge Kilwinning-in-the-East to be henceforth designated St
David-in-the-East, ib.
Canada divided into Upper and Lower, 301
The Lodge St John, Woodhall, receives an extension of Jurisdiction, ib. Fonndation-stone of the first of a range of Villas at Rosebank, laid,
Ist October 1853, ib.
CHAPTER XIV.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND FROM NOTEMBER 30, 1853, TO LAYING OP THE FOUNDATION-STONB OF THE NEW MASONIC HALL ON SUMMER ST JOHN*S DAY 1 858.
Recomniendation as to an uniform system of Books in Daughter Lodges, 302
Xxiv ANALYSIS,
PAOI
Foundation-stone of a New Town Hall at Stow, laid, 2l6t February
1854 802
A Certified Copy of the Charter to the Lodge St John, Greytown,
Mosquito, ordered, 303
Death of Brother Donald Ross, Grand Tyler, referred to in Grand
Lodge, ib.
Grand Funeral Lodge in honour of the late Lord Frederick Fitz-
Clarence, Past Grand Master of Scotland, ib.
Oration pronounced on the occasion, ib.
Address by the Depute Grand Master, * 310
Address of Condolence to Lady Frederick Fitz-Clarence, 311
Extract from her ladyship's reply, 312
An expression of sympathy with Brother Hector Gavin, recorded, ib. A cast, containing Masonic Marks taken from Glasgow Cathedral,
temp. 1556, exhibited in Grand Lodge, ib.
Delegates appointed to represent the Grand Lodge at the Centen- nial Anniversary of the Lodge St Andrew, Boston, Mass., ib.
Representatives from and to the Grand Orient of France, and Grand
Lodge of Prussia, appointed, 313
Morison Library patent to all Members of the Grand Lodge, and
also to all Master Masons upon recommendation, ib.
Presents to Grand Lodge, ib.
Resolutions adopted on the death of Brother James Linning Wood- man, Grand Clerk, ih.
A Declaration of Independence, and intimation of the Erection of a
new Grand Lodge in Canada, presented to Grand Lodge, 314
Procedure thereon, ib.
Grand Visitation to Lodge St Stephen, Edinburgh, 315
Contribution voted to the Relief of those Brethren who had suffered
from the Inundations in France, ib.
A renewed application from Mother Kilwinning anent Intrant Fees
disallowed, ib.
The Brethren belonging to the Lodges * Concordia Universel ' and
* Estrella Polar,* Peru, disowned by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, ib. Address of Congratulation to the Queen on the Marriage of Her
Royal Highness the Princess Royal, 316
Address to their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess Frederick
William of Prussia, 317
Presentation of the same, with a copy of the Laws and Consti- tutions of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, inscribed to His Royal Highness, 318
ANALYSIS.
PAOB
Preliminaries relative to the Building of a New Free Masons* Hall
of Scotland, 318
Proceedings previous to laying the Foandation-stone thereof, 319 Sermon preached on the occasion by the Kev. Dr Amot, Grand
Chaplain, 323
Address delivered by the Rev. Andrew R. Bonar, 331
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone thereof, on Summer
St John's Day, 1858, 332
Address by the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, 333
The ' Blue Blanket' carried by the Lodge Journeymen, 334
Description of the Hall, 336
Inscription Plate, ib.
Grand Banquet in honour of the event, 337
Speeches thereat, 338
Ball Commemoniti ve of the occasion, 344
CHAPTER XV.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE, FROM THE QUARTERLY COMMUNICATION ON 2d AUGUST 1858 TO THE CONSE- CRATION AND OPENING OF THE FREE MASONS' HALL OF SCOTLAND, ON 24TH FEBRUARY ISfid.
Extract Minute from Grand Lodge of Ireland, 345
Sanction of Grand Lodge to the Draft of a Ceremonial for conse- crating and erecting new Lodges, and installing the Office- bearers thereof, ib.
Election of a Grand Clothier, ib.
Resolution regarding the authorization letters from Grand Lodges of England and Ireland, ib.
Resignations of the Provincial Grand Masters of Linlithgow and Upper Canada, 346
Donation to Grand Lodge Building Fund by Lodge Celtic, Edin- burgh and Leith, ib.
Matters relative to Grand Lodge of Ireland and Lodge St George Bermuda remitted to a Committee, ib.
Brother John Ormiston appointed to consecrate Lodge St Andrew, Drybridgo, ib.
Brother Clievalier de Saulcy appointed Representative from Grand Lodge of Scotland to Grand Orient of France, ib.
Deliverances of the Grand Lodge relative to Mark Ma6onry,.».347, 351
XXT^
ANALYSIS.
PAOB
Election of Grand Stewards for 1858-59, 347
Grand Election, St Andrew's Day, 1858, 348
Honorary and Representative Members of Grand Lodge, 349
Celebration of the Festival of St Andrew, ib.
Election of Grand Committee, 1859-60, 350
Several Lodges reponed, Ac, 351
Proceedings observed at the Consecration and Inauguration of the
Free Masons* Hall of Scotland, ib.
Oration pronounced on the occasion, 352
Addresses, 355, 357
Banqnet in honour of the event, 359
Progress and Position of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, 360
CHAPTER XVL
NOTES ON THE PROVINCES AND DAUGHTER LODGES THEREIN — LIST OF LODGES ARRANGED IN PROVINCES, WITH DATES OF CHARTERS
AND COLOURS OF CLOTHING PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTERS — FREE
MASONRY AND LODGES ABROAD.
Introduction, C ... 361
Edinburgh or Metropolitan District, 362
Ayr Province, 365
Perth (East) Province, 367
Glasgow Province, 369
Inverness Province, 373
Lanark (Middle Ward) Province, 374
Perth (West) Province, 375
East Lothian Province, ib.
Renfrew (West) Province, 376
Linlithgow Province, 377
Forfar and Angus Province, ib.
Dumbarton Province, 379
Fife Province, ih.
Lanark (Upper Ward) Province, 382
Berwick and Roxburgh Province, 383
Peebles and Selkirk Province, 384
Stirling Province, 385
Aberdeen (City) Province, 386
ANALYSIS. XXVU
PAOB
ElgiD and Moray Province, 387
Orkney and Zetland Province, 388
Wigton and Kirkcudbright Province, 389
Province of Argyle and the Isles, ib,
Dumfries Province, 390
Aberdeen (East) Province, 391
Ross and Cromarty Province, 392
Renfrew (East) Province, ib.
Banff Province, 393
Aberdeen (West) Province, 394
Caithness Province, ib.
Lodges Abroad : —
Province of Eastern India —
Bengal Presidency, 395
Province of Western India —
Bombay, ib,
Arabia, ib,
Jamaica Province, 403
Bermudas Province, ib,
Bahatna Islands Province, ib.
West India Islands Province, 404
America : —
Canada, West or Upper, ib,
Canada, East or Lower, ib.
Province of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward
Island, 405
Province of Gua3rana in Venezuela, 406
Province of Australia Felix or Victoria, ib.
Province of South Australia, Adelaide, ib.
Province of New South Wales, 407
Military Lodges, ib.
Notes relative to Scottish Masonry in
N ew Zealand, 408
Parts of Europe and Asia bordering on the Mediterranean Sea,... ib,
France ib,
Andalusia — Spain, ib.
Lodges formerly existing furth of Scotland, ib.
♦
XXVifi ANALYSIS. JN^ . —
CHAPTER XVII.
PAOI MARK MASONRY— -CHAIR OR PAST MASTER, AND DEGREES OF ARK MARINER AND ROYAL ARCH.
Craft Masonry defined, 409
Classification of Workmen, ib.
Duties of Master Mason, Wardens, Mark Oyerseer, and Fellow- Crafts, : 410
Mason Marks of three kinds, a«d their use, ib.
Their antiquity, 411
System on which they were based, ih.
' Reading the Marks,* illustrated, 412
Acquirements necessary for the Members of the three respective
Degrees of A pprentice, Fellow-Craft, and Master, ib.
Punishment of Oiffences, ib.
Initiation and Legend of the Mark Overseer, 413
The Marks, as used in Scotland, ib.
The method adopted in setting out the Orientation of Churches, as
preserved in some of the Scotch Operative Lodges, 414
Apprentices bound to the Operative Lodges, 415
Other Crafts embraced under the designation of the Masonic Fra- ternity, , ib.
Their uniformity of design and style of Workmanship, ib.
Illustration thereof, by a Plan and Section of St Margaret's
Well, Restalrig, near Edinburgh, 416
History of the Masonic Fraternity as found in its Traditions, .. ib.
As established in its Buildings, 417
As noticed incidentally in Historical Works, ib.
The earliest indication of the existence of said Fraternity in Scotland is from tho Masonic Marks upon Ancient Buildings, AVt
Antiquity of the Lodge of Glasgow St John, ib,
of the Lodge of Edinburgh Mary's Chapel, ib.
Influence of Mother Kilwinning Lodge, 420
Records and Traditions of the old Lodges in Scotland, ib.
Assemblies of Masons frequently convened at Holy rood House,
Edinburgh, 421
Copy of a Grant by King James VI in favour of Patrick Coipland of Udaucbt of the Office of Wardenrie over the Masons in the Shires of Aberdeen, Banff, and Kincardine, ib.
ANALYSIS. CUX
i»
PAQI
Operative and Specalatire Masonry, ^ 422
Position of the Mark Master's Degree in Hoyal Arch Chapters, .... ib.
Said position in St John's Masonry, as defined by the Grand
Lodge of Scotland, 423
Enumeration of Baildings on which Masou Marks are to be found, ib.
Chair or Past Master Degree, 424
Form of Initiation, ib.
Ark Mariner Degree, ib.
Definition of the Royal Arch Degree, 425
Its supposed early origin examined, ib.
Period of its real origin, 426
Lodge Ancient Stirling, and probable date assignable to the two
brass plates in its possession, 429
Antiquity of the Stirling Royal Arch Chapter, ib.
Formation of the Supreme Royal Arch Chapter of Scotland, ib.
Nature and object of Royal Arch Masonry, 430
Traditionary narrative of the period and circumstances under which
the Royal Arch Degree is said to have originated, ib.
APPENDIX.
[Thate marked thus * contain, in tlte form of NoteSy an epitome of ihe Lauft relating to the tuJbjectt on which they treat,}
I. — Charter granted by the Masoks of Scotland to Wil- liam St Clair of Roslin, 435
II. — Charter granted by the Masons of Scotland to Sir
William St Clair, 437
III. — Statutw and Ordinanceis promulgated at Halyrnde- house, Edinburgh, the xxviij day of December in the zeir of God I" V® four scoir auchtene zeiris, 441
rv. — AcTis and Statutis for the government of the several
' Airtis and Craftis ' in the Kingdom of Scotland, 1636, 445
r. — Minutes accepting and approving of the preceding Actis, 451
XXX ANALYSIS.
PAOI
VI. — Charter of Transmission — Order of The Temple, 453
VII. — Ane Narration of the Founding of the Craft of
Masonry, and bj whom it hath been cherished, 457
VIII. — Form of Petition for a New Lodge, 465
IX. — Charter of Constitution and Erection, ,.... 466
X. — Ceremonial at Consecrating a New Lodge, X)r a Lodge Room only, or both ; and also at the nsoal Installa- tion of Office-bearers of a Lodge, 469
XI. — Affirmation by Subordinate Lodges, 483
♦ XII. — Annual Certificate, 484
♦xiii. — Certificate to be granted by Subordinate Lodges to
their Members, 485
* XIV. — Proxy Commission by Lodges Abroad, or in the Pro-
vinces, 486
XV. — Commission to a Provincial Grand Master, 487
XVI. — Regulations and Instructions for the government of
Provincial Grand Masters, 489
XVII. — Form of Commission by a Provincial Grand Master, 492
* XVIII. — Commission in favour of a Representative to a Sister
Grand Lodge, 493
XIX. — Regulations to be observed at laying Foundation- stones, 494
XX. — Order of Procession and Ceremonial to be observed at
laying a Foundation-stone, 495
* XXI. — Petition for Relief from the Fund of Scottish Masonic
Benevolence by a Member of the Craft, 499
xxn. — Petition for Relief to the foresaid Fund by the Widow
or Child of a deceased Free Mason, 501
ANALYSIS. XXXI
PAQ&
xxiii. — Description of the Clothing and Jewels of The Grand
Lodge of Scotland, 502
XXIV. — Alphabetical Table of Grand Office-bearers in the Grand Lodge of Scotland, from the first Election on St Andrew's Day 1736 to St Andrew's Day 1858, in- clnsive, 505
XXV. — Letter from His Royal Highness the Prince Frederick William of Prussia to the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, 518
INDEX, 521
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Portrait of William St Clair of Roslin, Hereditary Grand Master
Mason of Scotland, 1736, to face Illustrated Title-Page. lUostrated TriLE-PAOE. Portrait of Jacques de Molay, elected Grand Master of the Order
of the Temple 1295, immolated at Paris in 1313, 32
Sketch of an Hospitaller, with the Ruins of the Preceptory of
Torphichen, and the ancient Chapel at Temple, 80
Interior of The Free Masons' Hall op Scotland, 336
Drawings of Mason Marks, 424
Plate 1 — Contains Marks from a Chamber in the Great Pyramid, Gizeh, Egypt ; from Hercnlaneum ; the Cathedral of Strasburg, France ; the Cathe- dral of Presburg, Hungary; Fumess Abbey, England ; Youghal, Ireland ; Holyrood Chapel, Edinburgh, 1128, 1180; Holyrood Palace Tower, 1520 ; Crown Room, Edinburgh Castle, 1600. Plate 2 — Contains Marks from Roslin Chapel, 1446; Dun- keld Cathedral, 1127 ; Melrose Abbey, 1400; Glasgow Cathedral, 1200.
XXXll ANALYSIS.
PAOI
Drawings of Mason Marks, 424
Plate 3 — Contains Marks from Incbcolme Abbey ; Lin- litbgow Palace; Palm House, Ho3ral Botanic Gardens, Edinbnrgb, 1856; Temple of Allaha- bad, India, 1583; Round and Square Towers, Brechin Cathedral, and Melgund Castle. Plate 4 — Contains Marks from the Books of the Lodges St Ninian, Brechin, and Journeymen, Edin- burgh, and Mason Mark of Robert Burns, in- scribed upon the Bible presented by him to ' Highland Mary.'
Clothing and Jewels of The Grand Lodge of Scotland^ viz. : —
1. Jewel and Ribbon of the Grand Master Mason of Scotland,
2. Jewel and Ribbon of tlie Past Grand Master.
3. Apron of the Grand Master — Jewel of the Depute Grand
Master.
4. Jewels of the Substitute Grand Master, and of the Senior
and Junior Grand Wardens.
5. Jewels of the Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary, and
Grand Clerk.
6. Jewels of the Grand Chaplain, and of the Senior and Junior
Grand Deacons.
7. Jewels of the Grand Architect, Grand Jeweller, and Grand
Bible-Bearer.
8. Jewels of the Grand Director of Ceremonies, Grand Bard,
and Grand Sword-Bearer.
9. Jewels of the Grand Director of Music, Grand Marshal,
aud Grand Tyler, — of a Provincial Grand Master, and of the President of the Board of Grand Stewards. 10. One of the Silver Vases for Wine and Oil, used at Masonic Ceremonials.
WOODCUTS. Plan and Section of St Margaret's Well, Restalrig, near Edin- burgh, 416
Facsimile Signature of William Schaw, Maister of Wark, 1598... 444 Facsimile Mason Marks, as appended to a Minute in Lodge Book
of * Atcbiesons Heavin,' 1637, 451
Heraldic Bearing of the Order of The Temple, 453
Seal of said Order, 456
ADDENDA ET COKRTGENDA.
Quarterly Communication^ 2d May 1859. — A Memorial from the Brethren of tbe Lodge Elgin, Montreal, praying the Grand Lodge to sanction their holding Masonic intercourse with the new Grand Lodge of Canada, which was now acknowledged bj both the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland, was laid on the table, — and the Grand Lodge having fallj considered the statements contained in said Memorial, nnanimously resolved to authorise the Lodge Elgin, and the other Daughter Lodges in Canada, to hold the desired intercourse with the new Grand Lodge of that conntrj. The Grand Lodge farther resolved to acknowledge the Grand Lodge of Canada as a duly constituted and authorised Sister Grand Lodge.
[The foClcwing alUratioM in the arrangement oftJie Appendices were found, tchen the aheett were passing through the Press, to he more conducive to the utility of the Work than that at first contemplated. The connections upon the Lodges are necessitated hy those which were among lodges formerly existing when the slieets were printed, hav- ing since been reponed 09i payment of their Arrears ; and as these are hrouglit down to the present date, (Summer St John*s Day, IS59,) the Brethren have thus Hie latest and the most accurate information upon this head thai the nature of the subject will admit of.}
P. 53, For Appendix vi, read Appendix iii.
— 53, For Chapter vii, (in Note,) read Chapter vi.
— 1 00, For Chapter xiv, read Appendix xxiv.
— 126, For 1816 (in Note,) read 27th December 1813.
— 1C3, For Appendix iv, read Appendix xvi.
— 259, Delete Appendix xxiv, the information there referred to being
given in the body of the Work.
— 290, For Appendix xxiii, read Appendix xix.
— 321, In the list of Lodges, place as No. 169, "Thistle and Rose,
Stevenston ; " and, consequently, for one hundred and thirty-one Lodges, on 2d line of p. 335, read one hundred and thirty-two.
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.
P. S62, To the Lodges in the Edinburgh or Metropolitan District add " No. 392, Caledonian, Edinburgh."
— 366, Delete from among Lodges formerly existing ** Maybole," " St
Thomas, Muirkirk,** and ** St Clement, Riccarton,'* and place the same among the existing Lodges in Ayrshire Province, p. 365.
— 367, Delete from among Lodges formerly existing '' St John, Blair-
gowrie, Coupar- Angus,** and place the same among the exist- ing Lodges on same page.
-— 360, Delete from among Lodges formerly existing " Tay Union, Ferry-Port-on-Craig," and place among the existing Lodges in Fifeshire Province. By sanction of the Grand Lodge, and with the concurrence of the Provincial Grand Master, its place of meeting was transferred to Newport at the Quarterly Communication on 2d May 1859.
— - 383, Delete from among Lodges formerly existing " St John, Jed- burgh,** and place among the existing Lodges in Berwick and Roxburgh Province.
— 392, Delete from among Lodgos formerly existing " St Winnock,
Garthland,** and place among the existing Lodges in Renfrew (East) Province, on same page.
— 407| Brother Robert Campbell, Provincial Grand Master and Colonial
Treasurer of New South Wales, died on 30th March last. His Funeral — a Public one — was attended by nearly 1,000 of the Brethren ; — Brother J. Macfarlane, the Provincial Grand Secretary, acting as Provincial Grand Master.
PART I. HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
THE
HISTOET OF FEEE MASONET.
CHAPTER I.
SEPARATION OP PROFESSIONS SUPERIORITY OP ARCHITECTURE —
DESCRIPTIVE OUTLINE OP FREE MASONRY — OPINIONS RESPECTING ITS ORIGIN — OBJECTIONS THERETO ANSWERED.
When men are in a state of barbarity, and are scattered over the snrface of a Country in small and independent tribes, their wants are as 8\pall in magnitude as they are few in number. It is in the power therefore of every individual to perform for himself and his family every work of labour which necessity or comfort requires ; and while at one time he equips himself for the chase or the combat, at another he is rearing a habitation for his offspring, or hollowing his canoe to surmount the dangers of the sea. But as soon as these tribes associate together for the purposes of mutual protection and comfort, civilization advances apace ; and, in the same proportion^ the wants and desires of the com- munity increase. In order to gratify these, the ingenuity of individuals is called forth; and those who, from inability or indolence, cannot satisfy their own wants, will immediately resort to the superior skill of their neighbours. Those members of the community who can execute their work with the greatest elegance and celerity will be most frequently employed j and from this circumstance, combined with the principle of emulation, and other causes, that distinction of professions will arise which is found only amon^ Nations considerably advanced in civilization and refinement.
One of the first objects of man in a rude state is to screen himself and his femily from the heat of the tropical sun, from the inclemency
1
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
of the polar regions, or from the sudden changes of more temperate climates. If he has arrived at such a degree of improvement as to live under the dominion of a superior, and under the influence of religious belief, the palace of his king and the temple of his gods will be reared in the most magnificent style which his skill can devise and his industry accomplish, and decked with those false ornaments which naturally catch the eye of unpolished men. From that principle which impels the lower orders to imitate the magnificence and splendour of their superiors, a foundation will be laid for improvement in the art of building ; and it is extremely probable, from the circumstances which have been mentioned, as well as from others which the slightest reflection will suggest, that architecture will be the first profession to which men will exclusively devote their attention, and for which they will be trained by an established course of preparatory education.
Nor is it from this ground only that masonry derives its superiority as a separate profession. While many other arts administer to our luxury and pride, and gratify only those temporary wants and unnatural desires which refinement has rendered necessary, the art of building can lay claim to a higher object. The undertakings of the architect not only furnish us with elegant and comfortable accommodation from the incle- mency of the seasons, from the rapacity of wild beasts, and the no less dangerous hostility of man, but they contribute also to the ornament and glory of Nations, and it is to them that we are indebted for those fortresses of strength which defend us from the inroads of surrounding enemies. Nor can the works of the architect be ranked among those objects which merely furnish amusement and accommodation for a few years, or at most during the short term of human life ; they descend un- impaired from generation to generation ; they acquire additional grandeur and value from an increase of age ; and are the only specimens of human labour which in some measure survive the revolutions of king- doms and the waste of time. The splendid remains of Egyptian, Grecian, and Roman architecture, which in every age have attracted the attention of the learned and excited the astonishment of the vulgar, are standing monuments of his ingenuity and power ; and in ages yet to come they will reflect a dignity on the art of building to which no other profession can arrogate the slightest claim.
But there is still another consideration which entitles architecture to a decided pre-eminence among the other arts. It is itself the parent of many separate professions, and requires a combination of talents and an extent of knowledge for which other professions have not the smallest occasion. An acquaintance with the sciences of geometry and mechanical philosophy, with the arts of sculpture and design, and other
THE HISTORT OF FREE MASONRY.
abstnifle and elegant branches of knowledge, are indispensable requisites in the education of an architect, and raise his art to a vast height above those professions which practice alone can render familiar, and which oonsist in the mere exertion of muscular force. It appears then, from these considerations, that there is some foundation in the very nature of architecture for those extraordinary privileges to which Masons have always laid claim, and which they have almost always possessed — priTileges which no other artists could have confidence to ask, or liberty to enjoy; and there appears to be some foundation for that andent and respectable order of Free Masons, whose origin we are now to inrestigate, and whose progress we are about to detail.
But, that we may be enabled to discover Free Masonry under those Tarious forms which it has assumed in different countries and at different times before it received the name which it now bears, it will be neces- sary to give a short description of the nature of this institution, without developing those mysteries or revealing those ceremonial observances which are known only to the Brethren of the Order.
Free Masonry is an ancient and respectable institution, embracing individuals of every nation, of every religion, and of every condition in life. Wealth, power, and talents, are not necessary to the person of a Free Mason. An unblemished character and a virtuous conduct are the only qualifications which are requisite for admission into the Order. In order to confirm this institution, and attain the ends for which it was originally formed, every candidate must come under a solemn engagement never to divulge the mysteries and ceremonies of the Order, nor communicate to the uninitiated those important precepts with which he may be intrusted, and those proceedings and plans in which the Fraternity may be engaged. After he has undergone the necessary ceremonies, and received the usual instructions, appropriate words and significant signs are imparted to him, that he may be enabled to distinguish his Brethren of the Order from the uninitiated public, and convince others that he is entitled to the privileges of a Brother should he be visited by distress or want in a distant land. If the newly admitted member should be found qualified for a higher degree, he is promoted after due intervals of probation, till he has received that Masonic knowledge which enables him to hold the highest ofiices of trust to which the Fraternity can raise its members. In all ages it has been the object of Free Masonry not only to inform the minds of its members by instructing them in the sciences and useful arts, but to better their hearts by enforcing the precepts of religion and morality. In the course of the ceremonies of initiation, brotherly lore, loyalty.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
and other virtues are incnlcated in hierogljrphic symbols ; and the candidate is often reminded that there is an eye above which observeth the workings of his heart, and is ever fixed npon the thoughts and the actions of men. At regular and appointed seasons convivial meet- ings of the Fraternity are held, where temperance, harmony, and joy, characterise these mixed assemblies. All distinctions of rank seem to be laid aside, all differences in religions and political sentiments are forgotten, and those petty quarrels which disturb the quiet of private life cease to agitate the mind; every one strives to give happiness to his brother ; and men seem to recollect for once that they are sprung from the same origin, that they are possessed of the same nature, and are destined for the same end.
Such are the general features of an institution which has of late pro- duced so great a division in the sentiments of the learned respecting its origin and tendency. While a certain class of raen,^ a little over- anxious for the dignity of their Order, have represented it as coeval with the world ; others, influenced by an opposite motive, have main- tained it to be the invention of English Jesuits, to promote the views of that intriguing and dangerous association.^ Some philosophers, among whom we may reckon the celebrated Chevalier Ramsay, have laboured to prove that Free Masonry arose during the Crusades ; that it was a secondary order of chivalry; that its forms originated from that warlike institution, and were adapted to the peaceful habits of scientific men.' Mr Clinch* has attempted, with considerable ingenuity and learning, to deduce its origin from the institution of Pythagoras. M. Barruel* sup- poses that it is a continuation of the Templars ; while others, with a degree of audacity and malice rarely to be found in the character of ingenuous men, have imputed the origin of Free Masonry to secret asso- ciations adverse to the interests of true government, and pursuing the villanous and chimerical project of levelling the distinctions of society, and freeing the human mind from the sacred obligations of morality and religion.
Without adopting any of these untenable opinions, or attempting to discover the precise period when Free Masonry arose, it may be sufficient to show that it can justly lay claim to an early origin, and that it has
* Anderson's History and Constitution of Free Masonry, p. 1. Desagnlier's Constitutions, p. 1. Smith's Use and Abuse of Free Masonry, p. 27. Preston's Illustrations of Masonry, sec. 3, p. 6.
■ Manuscript of Bode of Germany, in the possession of M. Mounier.
' Leyden's Preliminary Dissertation to the Complaynt of Scotland, pp. 67, 71.
♦ Anthologia Uibernica for January, March, April, and June, 1794.
• Memoirs of Jacobmism, vol. n, pp. 377, 378, &c.
THE HISTORY OF FKEE MASONRY.
existed from that period to the present day, under different forms and different appellations.^ In the execution of this task the candid in- quirer will be satisfied with strong and numerous resemblances, as the nature of the subject excludes the possibility of rigid demonstration. Every human institution is subject to great and numerous variations ; the different aspects under which they appear, and the principles by which they are regulated, depend upon the progress of civilization, upon the nature of the government by which they are protected, and on the peculiar opinions and habits of their members. If, therefore, in com- paring Free Masonry with other ancient associations, we should find it coincide with them in every circumstance, there would be strong reasons for suspecting that the imagination of the writer had counterfeited resemblances when destitute of authentic information, or that the Order had adopted the rites and ceremonies of antiquity to cloak the recency of their origin, and command the veneration and excite the notice of the public. Against Free Masonry, however, this charge can- not be preferred. We shall have occasion to consider it when connected with the idolatry of the Heathens ; when devoted to the Church of Rome; and when fiourishing under the milder infiuence of the Reformed Religion.
As men in the early ages of society were destitute of those methods of diffusing knowledge which we now enjoy, and even of those which were used in Greece and Rome when the art of printing was unknown, the few discoveries in art and science which were then made must have been confined to a small number of individuals. In these ages the
^ M. Monnier observes, that if the Order of Free Masons existed among the Ancients it would have been mentioned bj contemporary authors. This argument, however, for the recency of their origin, is far from being conclusive. A secret association, unconnected with National affairs, would seldom come under the consideration of contemporary writers, who could only tell their readers that such an association existed. They who believe that the Eleusinian mysteries were those of Free Masonry under a different appellation will deny the premises from which Mounier's conclusion is drawu. These mysteries existed in the eighth century of the Christian era, and have been mentioned by contemporary authors on account of their connection with the history of the times and the religion of their country. From the eighth century to the revival of learning in Europe, Free Masonry must have been in a very languish- ing condition, and could not engage the attention of writers when but few Lodges, and still fewer authors existed. The minds of men were then bent upon less noble pursuits. Science and common sense were nowhere to be found ; and those amiable propensities of the heart ,upon which Free Masonry is founded, were smothered under that debasing superstitiou which characterised those ages of ignorance and iniquity.
TBB BI8TOBY OF FBEB MASONRY.
parsnit of sdence most have been a secondary consideration, and those who did yentare to explore the untrodden regions of knowledge would overlook those nnsabstantial speculations which gratify the curiosity of philosophic men, and would fix their attention on those only which terminate in public utility and administer to the necessities of life. As architecture could only be preceded by agriculture itself, it must have been in this science that the first efforts of human skill were tried, and in which man must have first experienced success in extending his dominion over the works of nature. The first architects, therefore, would be philosophers. They alone required the assistance of art, and they alone would endeavour to obtain it. The information which was acquired individually, would be imparted to others of the same profession ; an association would be formed for the mutual communication of know- ledge, and the mutual improvement of its members. In order to pre- serve among themseWes that information which they alone collected ; in order to incite amongst others a higher degree of respect for their profession, and prevent the intrusion of those who were ignorant of architecture, and consequently could not promote the object of the institution, appropriate words and signs would be communicated to its members j significant ceremonies would be performed at their initiation, that their engagement to secrecy might be impressed upon their minds, and greater regard excited for the information they were to receive. Nor is this mere speculation ; there exist at this day, in the deserts of Egypt, such architectural monuments as must have been reared in those early ages which precede the records of authentic history ; and the erection of those stupendous fabrics must have required an acquaint- ance with the mechanical arts which is not in the possession of modem architects. It is an undoubted fact also, that there existed in these days a particular association of men to whom scientific knowledge was confined, and who resembled the Society of Free Masons in every thing but the name.
In Egypt, and those countries of Asia which lie contiguous to that favoured kingdom, the arts and sciences were cultivated with success while other Nations were involved in ignorance : It is here, therefore, that Free Masonry would flourish, and here only can we discover marks of its existence in the remotest ages. It is extremely probable that the first, and the only object of the Society of Masons was the mutual com- munication of knowledge connected with their profession ; and that those only would gain admittance into their Order whose labours were subsidiary to those of the architect. But when the ambition or vanity of the Egyptian priests prompted them to erect huge and expensive fabrics for celebrating the worship of their gods or perpetuating the
THE HISTORY OF FUBB MASONRY.
memory of their klDgs^ they would naturally desire to participate in that scientific knowledge which was possessed hy the architects they employed ; and as the sacerdotal order seldom fail among a superstitious people to gain the ohjects of their ambition, they would in this case suc- ceed in their attempts, and be initiated into the mysteries, as well as instructed in the science of Free Masons. These remarks will not only assist us in discovering the source from which the Egyptian priests derired that knowledge for which they have been so highly celebrated ; they will aid us also in accounting for those changes which were super- induced on the forms of Free Masonry, and for the admiss.on of men into the Order whose professions had no connection with the royal art.
When the Egyptian priests had in this manner procured admission into the Fraternity, they connected the mythology of their country and their metaphysical q>eculations concerning the nature of God and the condition of man with an association formed for the exclu- sive purpose of scientific improvement, and produced that combination of science and theology which, in after ages, formed such a conspicuous part of the principles of Free Masonry.
The knowledge of the Egyptians was carefully concealed from the vulgar; and when the priests did condescend to communicate it to the learned men of other Nations, it was conferred in symbols and hierogly- phics, accompanied with particular rites and ceremonies, marking the value of the gift they bestowed. What those ceremonies were which were performed at initiation into the Egyptian mysteries, we are unable at this distance of time to determine. But as the Eleusinian and other mysteries had their origin in Egypt, we may be able perhaps to dis- cover the qualities of the fountain by examining the nature of the stream.
The immense population of Egypt, conjoined with other causes, occa- sioned frequent emigrations from that enlightenod country. In this manner it became the centre of civilization, and introduced into the most distant and savage climes the sublime mysteries of its religion, and those important discoveries and useful inventions which originated in the ingenuity of its inhabitants. The first colony of the Egyptians that arrived in Greece was conducted by Inachus, about nineteen hundred and seventy years before the Christian era ; and about three centuries afterwards he was followed by Cecrops, Cadmus, and Dauans.^ The savage inhabitants of Greece beheld with astonishment the magical tricks of the Egyptians, and regarded as gods those skilful adventurers who
1 Voyage de Jetine Anacharsis en Grece, torn, i, p. 2. Cecrops arrived in Attica in 1657, b. o. Cadmus came from Phoeincia to Beotia in 1594, b. c, and Daoaus to Argolis in 1586, b. c
8 THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
communicated to them the arts and sciences of their native land. In this manner were sown those seeds of improrement which in fntnre ages exalted Greece to such pre-eminence among the Nations. After these colonies had obtained a secure settlement in their new territories, and were freed from those uneasy apprehensions which generally trouble the invaders of a foreign land, they instituted, after the manner of their ancestors, particular festivals or mysteries in honour of those who had benefited their country by arts or arms. In the reign of £ricthoniuS| about fifteen hundred years before the commencement of our era, the Elensinian mysteries were instituted in honour of Ceres, who, having come to Greece in quest of her daughter, resided with Triptolemns at Elensis, and instructed him in the knowledge of agriculture, and in the still more important knowledge of a future state. ^
About the same time the Panathenea were instituted in honour of Minerva, and the Diouysian mysteries in honour of Bacchus, who invent- ed theatres, and instructed the Greeks in many useful arts, but particu- larly in the culture of the vine. ' That the Eleusinian and Dionysian mysteries were intimately connected with the progress of the arts and sciences is manifest from the very end for which they were formed ; and that they were modelled upon the mysteries of Isis and Osiris, celebrated in Egypt, is probable from the similarity of their origin, as well as from the consent of ancient authors.* If there be any plausibility in our former reasoning concerning the origin of knowledge in Egypt, it will follow that the Dionysia and the mysteries of Eleusis were societies of Free Masons, formed for scientific improvement, though tinctured with the doctrines of the Egyptian mythology.
But it is not from conjecture only that this conclusion may be drawn. The striking similarity among the external forms of these secret associ- ations, and the still more striking similarity of the objects they had in view, are strong proofs that they were only difierent streams issuing
^ Bochart's Geo^:raphia Sacra, lib. i, cap. xx. Herodotus, lih. i, cap. Iviii. Bobertson's History of Ancient Greece, book i, pp. 58, 59. Isocrates Paneg., torn, i, p. 132.
' Polydor. Virg. de Rerum Invent., lib. iii, cap. xiii. Bacchus or Dionysius came into Greece during the reign of Amphictyon, who flourished about 1497, B. c. ; Robertson's Greece, book i, p. 58.
^ En adsum natura parens tuis Luci admota precibus summa numinum,— cujus numen unicum, multiformi specie, ritu vario, totus veneratur orbis. Me primo- genii Phryges Pessinunticam nominant deOm matrom ; hinc Autochtones Attici Cecropiam Minervam (alluding to the Panathenea) ; illinc Cretes Dictynnam Dianam, &c., Eleusinii vetustam Deam Cererem ; priscaque doctrina pollentes Kgyptii, ceremoniis me prorsus propriis percolentes, appellant vero nomine reginam Isidem. Lucii Apuleii Metamorph., lib. zi.
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 9
from a common source. Tbose who were initiated into the Eleasinian mysteries were bound by the most awful engagements to conceal the instmctions they received and the ceremonies that were performed.* None were admitted as candidates till they arrired at a certain age, and particular persons were appointed to examiue and prepare them for the rites of initiation. Those whose conduct was found irregular, or who had been guilty of atrocious crimes, were rejected as unworthy of ini- tiation, while the successful candidates were instructed by significant symbols in the principles of religion ; exhorted to quell erery turbu- lent appetite and passion ; and to merit, by the improvement of their minds and the purity of their hearts, those inefiable benefits which they were still to receive. Significant words were communicated to the members ; Grand officers presided over their assemblies ; their emblems were exactly similar to those of Free Masonry; and the candidate advanced from one degree to another till he received all the lessons of wisdom and of virtue which tho priests could impart. > But besides these circumstances of resemblance, there are two facts transmitted to us by ancient authors which have an astonishing similarity to the cere- monies of the third degree of Free Masonry. So striking is the resem- blance, that every Brother of the Order who is acquainted with them cannot question for a moment the opinion which we have been attempt- ing to support. ■
Having thus mentioned some features of resemblance between the mysteries of Eleusis and those of Free Masonry, let us now attend to the sentiments of contemporaries respecting these secret associations, and we shall find that they have been treated both with illiberality and insolence. That some men, who, from self-sufficiency or unsocial disposition have refused to be admitted into these Orders, should detract from the character of an association which claims to enlighten the learned and expand the afiections of narrow and contracted minds, is by no means a matter of surprise ; and it is equally consistent with human nature that those whose irregular conduct had excluded them from initia- tion should calumniate an Order whose blessings they were not allowed
^ Andoc. de Myst., p. 7. Meursius in Eleus. Myst., cap. xx. This latter author has collected all the passages in ancient writers about the EleusiQion mysteries.
' Hesychius m r^mw. Clemens. Alexand. Strom., lib. i, p. 325, lib. vii, p. 845. Arrian in Epictet., lib. iii, cap. xxi, p. 440. Euseb. Prepar. Evangel., lib. ui, cap. xii, p. 117. Petav. ad. Themist., p. 414. Anacharsis, torn, iii, p. 582.
' The Brethren may consult for this purpose the article Elcusinia, in the Eucyclopscdia Britannica ; also Robertson's Greece, book i, p. 127.
10 TUB HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY.
to partioipate, and whose honours they were prohibited to share. Men of this description represented the celebration of the Elensinian mysteries as scenes of riot and debauchery, and reproached the members of the association that they were not more rirtuous and more holy than them- selves.^ But it is the opinion of contemporary writers that these charges were wholly gratuitous, and originated in the silence of the initiated and the ignorance of the vulgar. They even maintain that the mysteries of Eleusis produced sanctity of manners, attention to the social duties, and a desire to be as distinguished by virtue as by silence*. The illustrious Socrates could never be prevailed upon to partake of these mysteries ; and Diogenes having received a similar solicitation, replied that Patsdcion, a notorious robber, obtained initia- tion; and that Epaminondas and Agesilaus never desired it.' But did not these men know that in all human societies the virtuous and the noble must sometimes associate with the worthless and the mean 1 Did they not know that there often kneel in the same temple the righteous and the profane; and that the saint and the sinner frequently officiate at the same altar? Thus did the philosophers of antiquity calumniate and despise the mysteries of Eleusis; and in the same manner have some pretended philosophers of our own day defamed the character and questioned the motives of Free Masons. With a little less modesty than tbe ancients, they have not like them quarrelled us l>ecau8e we are not more virtuous than themselves, but they have told us that we are less than the least of men, and charged upon us crimes as detestable in the eyes of Masons as they are hostile to the interests of society.
This similarity of treatment which the mysteries of Ceres and Free Masonry have received is no small proof of the similarity of their origin and their object. To this conclusion, however, it may be objected that though the points of resemblance between these secret societies are numeroDS, yet there were circumstances in the celebration of the Eleu- sinian mysteries which have no counterpart in the ceremonies of Free Masonry. The sacrifices, purifications, hymns, and dances, which were necessary in the festival of Ceres, have indeed no place in the society of Free Masons. But these points of dissimilarity, instead of weakening rather strengthen our opinion. It cannot be expected that in the reign of Polytheism just sentiments of the Deity should be entertained, and much less that the adherents of Christianity should bend their knees to
1 Porphyr. de Abstinentia, lih. iv, p. 363. Julian Orat. v, p. 173. ' Eucyclopjrdia Dritannica, article Klousinia.
* Lucian in Dcmonact., torn, ii, p. 3S0. Plut. de aud. Poet, torn, ii, p. 21. \yiOfz. lAert., lib. vi, sec. 39.
THB HISTORY OF FREB MAflOMRY. 11
the gods of the heathens. The ancients worshipped those beings who oonfeired on them the most signal benefits, with sacrifices, purifications, and other tokens of their humility and gratitude; but when revelation had disclosed to man more amiable sentiments concerning the Divine Being, the Society of Free Masons banished from their mysteries those Qselees rites with which the ancient Brethren of the Order attempted to appease and requite their deities, and modelled their ceremonies upon this foundation — that there is but one God, who must be worshipped in spirit and in truth.
The mysteries of Geres were not confined to the city of Eleusis ; they were introduced into Athens about thirteen hundred and fiftynsix years before Christ;^ and, with a few slight variations, were observed in Phiygia, Cyprus, Crete, and Sicily.' They had even reached to the capital of France;' and it is highly probable that shortly afterwards they were introduced into Britain and other riorthern kingdoms. In the reign of the Emperor Adrian * they were carried into Rome, and were celebrated in that metropolis with the same rites and ceremonies which were performed in the humble village of Eleusis. They had contracted impurities, however, from the length of their duration, and the corruption of their abettors; and though the forms of initiation were still symbolical of the original and noble objects of the institution, yet the licentious Romans mistook the shadow for the substance, and while they underwent the rites of the Eleusinian mysteries they were strangers to the objects for which they were framed.
About the beginning of the fifth century Theodosius the Great pro- hibited, and almost totally extinguished the Pagan theology in the Roman Empire, and the mysteries of Eleusis suffered in the general destruction. It is probable, however, that these mysteries were secretly celebrated in spite of the severe edicts of Theodosius; and that they were partly continued through the dark ages, though stripped of their original purity and splendour. We are certain at least, that many rites of the Pagan religion were performed under the dissembled name of convivial meetings, long after the publication of the Emperor's edicts,'
^ Flayfair's Chronology. ' Lncii Apnleii Meiamorph., lib. xi.
» Praise of Paris, or a Sketch of the French Capital, 1803, by 8. West, F.R.S., F.A.8. This author observes, in the Preface to his work, that Paris is derived from Par ItiSf because it was built beside a temple dedicated to that goddess; that this temple was demolished at the establishment of Christianity, and that there remains to this day, in the Petits Augustins, a statue of Isis nursing Oms.
^ A. D. 117. EncyclopaBdia Britannic% article Eleusinia. Potter's Aiiti(^ vol. J, p. 389.
' Gibboii's History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol. v, chap, xxviii. Zosimus's Hist., lib. iv.
12 THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
and Psellns informs us^ that the mysteries of Ceres existed in Athens till the eighth century of the Christian era, and were never totally suppressed.
Having thus considered the origin and decline of the mysteries of Eleusis, and discovered in them numerous and prominent features of resemblance to those of Free Masonry, we may reasonably infer that the Egyptian mysteries, which gave rise to the former, had a still nearer affinity to the latter ; and from this conclusion the opinions that were formerly stated concerning the antiquity of the Order and the origin of Egyptian knowledge will receive very considerable confirmation.
Let us now direct our attention to the Dionysia, or Mysteries of Bacchus, which were intimately connected with those of Ceres, and perhaps still more with the mysteries of Free Masonry. Herodotus' informs us that the solemnities in honour of Dionysius or Bacchus were originally instituted in Egypt, and were transported from that country into Greece by one Melampus. But not only did the mysteries of Ceres and Bacchus flow from the same source, the one was in some measure interwoven with the other; and it is almost certain, from what we are now to mention, that those who were initiated into the former were entitled to be present at the celebration of the latter. The sixth day of the Eleusinian festival was the most brilliant of the whole. It received the appellation of Bacchus, because it was chiefly, if not exclu- sively devoted to the worship of that god. His statue, attended by tbo initiated and the ministers of the temple, was conducted from Athens to Eleusis with much pomp and solemnity;' and after it had been introduced into the temple of Ceres it was brought back to Athens with similar ceremonies. The connection between the Eleusinian and Dionysian mysteries is manifest also from the common opinion that Ceres was the mother of Bacchus:* And Plutarch assures us that the Egyptian Isis was the same with Ceres; that Osiris was the same with Bacchus; and that the Dionysia of Greece was only another name for the Pamylia of Egypt.' As Bacchus was the inventor of theatres as
^ In his Treatise on the gods whom the Greeks worshipped, quoted by Mr Clinch in the Anthologia Ilibernica for January 1794.
■ Lib. n. The testimony of Herodotus is greatly corroborated when we recollect tliat there wore temples in Egypt erected in honour of Bacchus. It is not probable that the Egyptians would borrow from the Greeks.
' Anacharsis, torn, iii, p. 531. Plut. in Phoc, tom. i, p. 764. Meursius in Eleus. Myst., cap. xxvii.
* Potter's Antiq., vol. i, p. 393.
* Do Iside et Osiride. Id6e du Gouvernement Ancien et Modern de TEgypte, p 26.— Paris, 1743.
THB HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 13
well as of dramatic represeDtatious, that particular class of Masons who were employed in the erection of these extensive buildings were called the DiONYSiAN Artificers/ who possessed the exclusive privilege of erecting temples^ theatres, and other public buildings in Asia Minor. They supplied Ionia and the surrounding countries as far as the Helle- spont with theatrical apparatus by contract; and erected to Bacchus, the founder of their Order, the magnificent temple at Teos." These artists were initiated into the mysteries of their founder, and consequently into those of Eleusis. s But from the tendency of the human mind to embrace the ceremonial while it neglects the substantial part of an institution, the Dionysian festival, in the degenerate ages of Greece, was more remark- able for inebriation and licentiousness than for the cultivation of virtue ftnd of science; and he who was at first celebrated as the inventor of arts was afterwards worshipped as the god of wine. Those who were desirous of indulging secretly in licentious mirth and unhallowed festi- vity cloaked their proceedings under the pretence of worshipping Bacchus ; and brought disgrace upon those mysteries which were instituted for the promotion of virtue and the improvement of art.
About two hundred years before Christ, an illiterate and licentious priest came from Greece to Tuscany and instituted the Bacchanalia, or Feast of the Bacchanals. From Tuscany they were imported to Rome ; but the promoters of these midnight orgies having proceeded to the furthest extremity of dissipation and disloyalty, they were abolished throughout all Italy by a decree of the Senate. *
It has been foolishly supposed that the Bacchanalia were similar to the Dionysian mysteries, merely because they were both dedicated to Bacchus. The Liberalia of Rome was the festival corresponding to the Dionysia of Greece ; " and it is probable that this feast was observed throughout the Roman Empire till the abrogation of the Pagan theology in the reign of Theodosius. The opinion which an impartial inquirer would form concerning the nature and tendency of the mysteries of Bacchus would not be very favourable to the character of the institution. But it should be remembered that deviations from the intentions and form of any association are no objection to the association itself ; they are rather proofs of its original purity and excellence, as it is not from
^ Ltwv^tdMi rtx^irmi. Aulns Gellios, lib. XX, cap. iv.
' btrabo, lib. iv. Chishull's Antiquitates Asiaticse, pp. 107, 139. Robison's Proofs of a Coospiracy, p. 20. Ionian Antiquities, published by the Society of Dilettanti, p. 4.
* Potter's Antiq., vol. i, p. 41.
* Tit Liv., lib. xxxix, caps, viii and xviii
' Liberalia (says Festus) liberi Festa, quae apud Grs&cos dicuntur Dionysia. Universal History, vol. xiii, p. 262.
14 THB BI8T0RT OF FRBB MASONRT.
the paths of vioe^ but from those of rirtae, that we are acoustomed to stray.
Hitherto we have considered the Dionjsian mysteries under an unpropitious aspect ; let us now trace them in their progress fix>m Europe to Asia, where they retained their primitive lustre, and effect- ually contributed to the rapid advancement of the fine arts.
About a thousand years before Christ^ the inhabitants of Attica, complaining of the narrowness of their territory and the unfruitfulness of its soil, went in quest of more extensive and fertile settlements* Being joined by a number of adventurers from the surrounding districts they sailed to Asia Minor, drove out the inhabitants, seized upon the most eligible situations, and united them under the name of loni^ in compliment to the majority of their number who were natives of that province. ' As the Greeks, prior to the Ionic migration, had ii^ade considerable progress in the arts and sciences, ' they carried these along with them into their- new territories ; and introduced into Ionia the mysteries of Minerva and Dionysius before they were corrupted by the licentiousness of the Athenians/ In a short time the Asiatic colonies surpassed the mother country in prosperity and science. Painting, sculpture in marble, and the Doric and Ionian Orders were the result of their ingenuity. » The colonists even returned into Greece, communicating to its inhabitants the inventions of their own country, and instructing them in that style of architecture which has been the admiration of succeeding ages. For these improvements the world is indebted to the scientific attainments of the Dionysian Artificers, who were very numerous in Asia, and existed under the same appellation in Syria, Persia, and India. About three hundred years before the birth of Christ a great number of them were incorporated, by command of the kings of Pergamos, who assigned to them Teos as a settlement, being the city of their tutelary god. The members of this associa- tion, who were profoundly learned in the Dionysian mysteries^ were distinguished from the uninitiated inhabitants of Teos by the science
^ Play fair places tho Ionic migration in 1044, B.O.; Gillies in 1055; and Barthelemy, the author of Anacharsis's Travels, in 1076.
' Herodotus, lib. i, cap. cxliL Gillies's History of Ancient Greece, vol. i, chap. iii.
' According to the author of Anaoharsis's Travels, the arts took their rise in Greece about 1547, b. c.
♦ Chandler's Travels in Asia Minor, p. 100, 4to. 1776. The Panathenea and the Dionysian mysteries were instituted about 300 years before the Ionic migration.
' Gillies's Greece, vol. ii, chap. xiv.
THE HinOBT OF ERBB MA80NRT. 15
which they possessed, and by appropriate words and signs whereby they could recognise their Brethren of the Order. ^ Like Free Masons, they were divided into Lodges, which were distinguished by different appellations.* They occasionally held convivial meetings in houses erected and consecrated for this purpose j and each separate association was under the direction of a master, and presidents or wardens. They held a general meeting once a year, which was solemnised with great pomp and festivity, and at which the Brethren partook of a splendid entertainment provided by the master, after they had finished the sacrifices to their gods, especially to their patron Bacchus; the more opulent artists were bound to provide for the exigencies of their poorer Brethren; and in their ceremonial observances they used particular utensils, some of which were exactly similar to those that are employed by the Fraternity of Free Masons.' The very monuments which were reared by these Masons to the memory of their masters and war- dens remain to the present day in the Turkish burying-grounds at Sirerhissar and Eraki. ^ The inscriptions upon them express in strong terms the gratitude of the Fraternity for their disinterested exertions in behalf of the Order; for their generosity and benevolence to its individoal members; for their private virtues, as well as for their public conduct From some circumstances which are stated in these inscriptions, but particularly from the name of one of the Lodges, it is highly probable that Attains, king of Pergamos, was a member of the Dionysian Fraternity.
Such was the nature of that association of architects who erected those aplendid edifices in Ionia whose ruins afford us instruction while they excite our admiration and surprise. If it be possible to prove the identity of any two societies from the coincidence of their external forms we are
' Km rm Lufvem m« Ariay iXn^ mm^n^ttrmfrtf fitxV '"" I'«<««'- Strabo, p. 471. Ionian Antiquitiesy p. 4. ChishuU's Autiq. Asiat., p. 138. Kobison's Proofs of a Conspiracy, p. 20.
' One of these Lodges tvas denominated K^m r«nr ArTrnXtrrttf, i. e, Commnno Attalistamm, and another Ktiw rti< E;^<y«v 2v^^^/«f^ i. e. Commune Sodalitii Echini. Chishull, p. 139.
* See the two Decrees of these artists preserved in Chishull, pp. 138-149. The place where they assembled is called etniKttt, contubernium ; and the society itself sometimes nnmyuyn^ collegium ; iu^tettt secta ; €tn^H% synodos ; »$tft, com- mnnitas. Aulas Gelliuit, lib. vui, cap. xi. Chandler's Travels, p. 103; also the Decrees aforesaid.
* Chandler's Travels, p. 100. These monnmeDts were erected about 150 years n. o. The inscriptions upon them were published by Edmund Chishull in 1728^ from copies taken by Consul Sherard in 1709, and examined in 1716. Ionian Antiquities, p. 3.
16 THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
aathorised to coDclade that the Fraternity of the Ionian Architects and the Fraternity of Free Masons are exactly the same; apd as the former practised the mysteries of Bacchus and Ceres, several of which we hare shown to he similar to the mysteries of Free Masonry, we may safely affirm that in their internal, as well as external prt>cedare, the Society of Free Masons resembles the Dionysiacs of Asia Minor. ^
The opinion, therefore^ of Free Masons, that their Order existed and flourished at the building of Solomon's Temple is by no means so pregnant with absurdity as some men would wish us to believe. We have already shown from authentic sources of information that the mysteries of Ceres and Bacchus were instituted about four hundred years before the reign of Solomon -^ and there are strong reasons for believing that even the association of the Dionysian Architects existed before the building of the Temple. It was not, indeed, till about three hundred years before the birth of Christ that they were incorporated at Teos under the kings of Pergamos, but it is universally allowed that they arose long before their settlement in Ionia, and, what is more to our present purpose, that they also existed in the land of Judea ; moreover, it is observed by Dr Robison that they came from Persia into Syria along with that style of architecture which is called Grecian :' And, since we are informed by Josephtts that that species of architecture was used at the erection of the Temple,^ we are authorised to infer not only that the Dionysiacs existed before the reign of Solomon, but that they assisted this monarch in building that magnificent fabric which he reared to the God of Israel. Nothing indeed can be more simple and consic^tent than the creed of the Fraternity concerning the state of their Order at this period. The vicinity of Jerusalem to Egypt, — the connection of Solomon with the royal family of that kingdom, ** — the progress of the Egyptians in archi- tectural science, — their attachment to mysteries and hieroglyphic sym- bols, and the probability of their being employed by the King of Israel, are additional considerations which corroborate the sentiments of Free Masons, and absolve them from those charges of credulity and pride with which they have been so frequently branded.
^ Dr Robison, who will not be suspected of partiality to Free Masons, ascribes their origin to the Dionysian artists. It is impossible, indeed, for any candid inquirer to call in question their identity.
* According to Playfair's Chronology the Temple of Solomon was begun in 1016, and finished in 1008 b. o. The Eleusinian mysteries were introduced into Athens in 1356 b. c, a considerable time after their institution.
' Robison's Proofs of a Conspiracy, pp. 20, 21.
^ Josephus's Jewish Antiquities, book viii, chap. v.
* Ihid. book VIII, chap. ii.
THB HI8T0BY OP FREE MASONRY. ^
To these views it may be objected that if the Fraternity of Free Masons flourished daring the reign of Solomon it would have existed in Jndea in after ages, and attracted the notice of sacred or pro&ne his- torians. Whether or not this objection is well founded, we shall not pretend to determine ; but if it can be shown that there did exist after the building of the Temple an association of men resembling Free Masons in the nature, ceremonies, and object of their institution, the force of the objection will not only be taken away, but additional strength communicated to the opinion which we have been supporting. The association here alluded to is that of the Essenes, whose origin and principles have occasioned much discussion among Ecclesiastical historians, who are all agreed however respecting the constitution and observances of this religious Order, whose distinctive points may here be briefly enumerated.
When a candidate was proposed for admission the strictest scrutiny was made into his character. If his life had hitherto been exemplary, and if he appeared capable of curbing his passions and regulating his conduct according to their virtuous though austere maxims, he was presented at the expiration of his noviciate with a white garment as an emblem of the regularity of his conduct and the purity of his heart A solemn oath was then administered to him that he would never divulge theb mysteries; that he would make no innovations on the doctrines of the society j and that he would continue in that honourable coarse of piety and virtue which he had begun to pursue. Like Free Masons, they instructed the young member in the knowledge which they derived from their ancestors; they admitted no women into their Order ;^ they had particular signs for recognising each other, which have a strong resemblance to those of Free Masons;' they had colleges or places of retirement where they resorted to practise their rites and settle the afiairs;' and after the performance of these duties they assembled in a large hall, where an entertainment was provided for them by the president or master of the college, who allotted a certain
^ Pictet. Theologie Chretienne, torn, iii, part, iii, pp. 107, 109. Basnage's His* tory of the Jews, book ii^ chaps, xii and xiii, pastim, Pkilo de Vita Contemplar tivBy apud opera, p. 691.
' Id order to be conviDced of this, the Brethren may consult some of the works already quoted, particularly Philo's Treatise de Vita Coutemplativa, apud opera, p. 691.
* Basnage, book iii, chap, xii, sec. 14. Opera Fhilonis, p. 679. When Philo, in his Treatise entitled '^ Quod omnis probus Liber," is describing the Society of the Essenes, he employs the same terms to denote the association itself, and their places of meeting, ivhich are used in the Decrees of the Dionysians already mentioned. Vide Philo de Vita Coutemplativa, p. 691.
2
18 THB HISTORY OF FREE MASON RT.
quantity of provisions to every individual. They abolished all distinc- tions of rank, and if preference was ever given it was given to piety, liberality, and virtae. Treasurers were appointed in every town to supply the wants of indigent strangers. ^ They laid claim to higher degrees of piety and knowledge than the uninitiated vulgar; and though their pre- tensions were high they were never questioned by their enemies. One of their chief characteristics was austerity of manners, but they frequently assembled in convivial parties, and relaxed for a time the severity of those duties which they were accustomed to perform.* This remarkable coincidence between the chief features of the Masonic and £ssenian Fra- ternities can only be accounted for by referring them to the same origin. Were the circumstances of resemblance either few or fanciful, the simi- larity might have been merely casual ; but when the nature, the object, and the external forms of two institutions are precisely the same, the arguments for their identity are something more than presumptive. There is one point, however, which may at first sight seem to militate against this supposition. The Essenes do not appear to have been in any respect connected with architecture, nor to have followed with ardour those sciences and pursuits which are subsidiary to the art of building. That they directed their attention to particular sciences, which they professed to have received from their fathers, is allowed by all writers; but whether or not these sciences were in any shape connected with architecture, we are at this distance of time unable to detennine. Be this as it may, uncertainty upon this head, nay, even an assurance that the Essenes were unconnected with architectural science, will not affect the hypothesis which we have been maintaining ; for there have been, and still are, many associations of Free Masons whore no architects are members, and which have no connection with the art of building. But if this is not deemed a sufficient answer to the objection, an inquiry into the origin of the Essenes will probably remove it alto- gether, while it aftbrds additional evidence for the identity of the two associations.
The opinions of both sacred and profane historians concerning the origin of the Essenes have been widely different. They all agree, how- ever, in representing them as an ancient association originating from particular fraternities which formerly existed in the land of Judea.*
^ Basnage, book iii, chap, xii, sees. 20, 21, and 22 ; chap, xiii, sec. 1. Opera Philonis, p. 678.
' Dicam aliquid de sodalitiis eorum, quoties hilarias convivia celebrant. Opera Philonis, p. 692.
* Gale's Court of the Gentiles, book ii, part ii, chap. 6, p. 147. Scrrar Trihaer. lib. iir, cap. ii. Vide also Basna^je, book ii, chap, xii, sec. 4 ; and Pictet. Thcolog. Chret., torn, iii, part iii, p. 106.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 19
Plioy refers tbem to such a remote antiquity^ that they must have existed during the reign of Solomon; and even Basnage, who is the only writer that seems disposed to consider them as a recent association, confesses that they existed under Antigonus, about three hundred years before the Christian era.' Scaliger contends, with much appearance of truth, that the Essenes were descended from the Kasideans, who are 80 honourably mentioned in the history of the Maccabees. The Kasi- deans were a religious Fraternity, or an Order of The Knights of the Temple of Jerusalem, who bound themselves to adorn the porches of that magnificent structure, and to preserve it from injury and decay. This body was composed of the greatest men of Israel, who were distinguished for their charitable and peaceful dispositions; and always agnalised themselves by their ardent zeal for the purity and preserva- tion of the Temple.' From these facts it appears that the Essenes were not only an ancient Fraternity, but that they originated from a society of architects who were connected with the building of Solomon's Temple. Nor was this Order confined to the Holy Land. Like the Fraternities of the Dionysiacs and Free Masons it existed in all parts of the world; and though the Lodges in Judea were chiefly, if not wholly composed of Jews, yet the Essenes admitted to their privileges men of every religion and every rank in life. They adopted many of the Egyptian mysteries; and like the priests of that country, the Magi of Persia, and the Gymnosophists in India, they united the study of moral with that of natural philosophy. Although they were patronised by Herod, and respected by all men for the correctness of their conduct and the innocence of their lives, they sufiered severe persecutions from the Romans, until their abolition about the middle of the fifth century^ —ft period extremely fatal to the venerable institutions of Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
Connected with the Essenian and Masonic Fraternities was the Insti- tntion of Pythagoras at Crotona. After this philosopher, in the course of his travels through Egypt, Syria, and Ionia, had been initiated into the mysteries of these enlightened kingdoms, he imported into Europe the sciences of Asia, and ofiered to the inhabitants of his native land the
* Pliny, lib.'v, cap. 17. Vide also Solinns, chap, xxxv, p. 43. Edit. SalmasiL EncjclopsDdia Britannica, article Essenes.
■ Bamage, book u, chap, ii, sec. 8. Pictet. Theolog. Chret., tom. in, part iii, p. 107.
* Scaliger de Emend. Temp. ; Elench. Trihaer, cap. xxii, p. 441. Ist Mac- cabees, vii, 13.
^ Basnage, book ii, chap, xiii, sec. 4 ; chap, xii, sec. 20, copnpared with chap, xiii, sec. 4 ; chap, xii, sees. 24, 25, 26. Philo's Treatise, '' Quod omnis probos Liber," apud opera, p. 678.
20 THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY.
important benefits which he himself had received.^ The offers of the sage having been rejected by his countrymen of Samos, he settled at Crotona^ in Italy, where more respect was paid to his person and more attention to his precepts. When the kindness of the Crotonians, and their solicitude to obtain scientific information had inspired Pythagoras with some hopes of success, he selected a number of his pupils who, from the similarity of their characters, the mildness of their dispositions, and the steadiness of their conduct, seemed best adapted for forwarding the purposes he had in view. He formed them into a Fraternity or separate Order, whom he instructed in the sciences of the East, and to whom he imparted the mysteries and rites of the Egyptian, Syrian, and Ionian associations. Before any one was received into the number of his disciples a minute and diligent inquiry was made into his temper and character. If the issue of this inquiry was favourable to the candi- date, he bound himself by a solemn engagement to conceal from the uninitiated the mysteries which he might receive and the sciences in which he might be instructed. The doctrines of charity, of universal benevolence, and especially of affection to the Brethren of the Order, were strongly recommended to the young aspirant ; and such was the influence which these had upon their minds that discord seemed to have been banished from Italy, and the golden age to have again returned. Strangers of every country, of every religion, and of every rank in life, were received, if properly qualified, into the Pythagorean association. Like Free Masons they had particular words and signs by which they might distinguish each other, and correspond at a distance. They wore white garments as an emblem of their innocence. They had a parti- cular regard for the east. They advanced from one degree of know- ledge to another, and were forbidden to commit to writing their mys- teries, which were preserved solely by tradition. The Pythagorean symbols and secrets were borrowed from the Egyptians, the Orphic and Eleusinian rites, the Magi, the Iberians, and the Celts. They consisted chiefly of the arts and sciences united with theology and ethics, and were communicated to the initiated in cyphers and symbols. To those who were destitute of acute discernment these hierogljrphic repre- sentations seemed pregnant with absurdity, while others of more pene- tration discovered in them hidden treasures calculated to inform the understanding and purify the heart — a circumstance that often happens also in Free Masonry. An association of this nature, found- ed upon such principles, and fitted for such ends, did not continue long in obscurity. In a short time it extended over Italy and Sicily, and was diffused even throughout ancient Greece and the Islands of the * Pythagoras returned from Egypt about 660 years B. c.
TnS HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 21
w£gean Sea. Liko other secret societies it was vilified by malicioas men who were prohibited from sharing its advantages from the weak- ness of their minds and the depravity of their hearts. Chagrined with disappointment and inflamed with rage, they often executed vengeance npon the innocent Pythagoreans, and even set fire to the Lodges in which they were assembled. But the disciples of the sage persisted in that honourable cause in which they had embarked; and though the persecution of their enemies drove them from their native land they still retained for each other the sympathy of brothers, and often suffered death in its most agonizing form rather than violate the engagements into which they had entered.^ An attempt like this against the Society of Free Masons has been witnessed in our day. It did not, indeed, pro- ceed to such an extremity of violence, but the spirit of extirpation existed in sentiment though it had not the courage to display itself in action. Disaffection to Goyemment, and disrespect to religion were charged upon them with all the confidence of truth ; and had the Govern- ments of Europe been foolish enough to credit the dreams of a few nervous philosophers, their subjects might at this moment have been armed against each other, and the Nations of the World embroiled in discord. From these observations it is manifest that the Pythagorean and Masonic institutions were similar in their external forms as well as in the objects which they had in view, and that both of them experienced from cotemporaries the same unmerited reproach. Mr Clinch in his Essays on Free Masonry' has enumerated at great length all the points of resemblance between these two institutions. He attempts to prove that Free Masonry took its rise from the Pythagorean Fraternity ; but though he has been successful in pointing out a remarkable coincidence between these associations, he has no authority for concluding that the former originated from the latter. In a Masonic manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, in the handwriting of King Henry VI, it is ex- pressly said that Pythagoras learned Masonry from Egypt and Syria» and from those countries where it had been planted by the Phcenicians ; that the Pythagoreans carried it into France j and that it was in the course of time imported from that country into England.' This, indeed,
^ Jambltchas de Vita Pythagorse, passim. Gillies's Greece, vol. ii, chap, xi, pp. 27-36. Aulas Gelliua^ book i, cap. 9. Basnage's History of the Jews, book n, cap. xiii, sec. 21. AnthologisB Hibernica for March 1794. Warbor- ton's Divine Legation of Moses, book iii, sec. ill.
' Published in the Anthologia Hibernica for 1794.
' Lives of Leland, Heame, and Wood, — Oxford, 1772 ; Appendix to the Life of Leland, No. vii. A further reference to this Manuscript will be found on page 49, aiUea,
THE HIgTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
is no direct proof of oar opinion, but it shows at least that the same ideas were entertained by the Fraternity in England about four hundred years ago. It has been supposed by some philosophers^ that Pythagoras derived his mysteries chiefly from the Essenes, who were at that time much respected and very numerous in Egypt and Syria, and the wonderful similarity between these societies, both in the forms which they had in common with Free Masonry and in those lesser cus- toms and ceremonies which were peculiar to themselves, render such a supposition extremely probable. It is remarked by all Ecclesiastical historians that the Essenes were Pythagoreans both in discipline and doctrine,' without ever considering that the former existed some hundred years before the birth of Pythagoras.' The Pythagoreans, therefore, were connected with the Essenes, and the Essenes with the KasideanSj who engaged to preserre and adorn the Temple of Jerusalem.^
There is one objection to the view which we have taken of this sub- ject, which, though it has already been slightly noticed, it may be neces* sary more completely to remove. Although it will be acknowledged by every unbiassed reader that Free Masonry has a wonderful resemblance to the Eleusinian and Dionysian mysteries, the Fraternity of Ionian architects, and the Essen ian and Pythagorean associations, yet some may be disposed to question the identity of these institutions because they
* Faydit Lettre, Nouvelles de la Republiquo des Lettres, Octobre 1703, p. 472. " Gregory's Church History, vol. i, cent. 1.
' Pliny, book t, cap. 17. Solinus, cap. xxxv, p. 43.
* Alongf with these Fraternities the Druids miji^ht have been mentioned as re> sembling Free Masons in the object as well as iu the ceremonies of their Order. But the learned are so divided in their sentiments concerning the nature and opinions of this Fraternity that it is difficult to handle the subject without transgressing the limits of authentic history. The most probable of all the hypotheses concerning the origin of the Druids is that which supposes them to have learned their mysteries from the Pythagoreans; for in the 67th Olym- piad, about 650 b. c,a colony of Phocians imported into Gaul the philosophy and the arts of Greece (Justin, lib. xuii, cap. 4), and prior to this period Frater- nities of Pytha^joreans had been established in Greece. Ammianus Marcellinus (lib. xv, cap. 9,) informs us " that the Druids were formed into Fraternities, as the authority of Pythagoras had decreed ;" and indeed the similarity of their philosophical tenets (as detailed in Henry's History of Great Britain, vol. ii, book I, chap, iv,) to those of the Pythagoreans, authorises us to conclude that they borrowed from this philosopher their forms and mysteries, as well as their religious and philosophical opinions. This supposition will appear more probable when we reflect that Abaris, a native of Britain, travelled into Greece, returned by the way of Crotona, was instructed in the Pythagorean mysteries, and carried into his native country the knowledge which he had acquired. Compare this Note with the facts in p. 20, tupra.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 23
had different names, and because some usages were observed by one which were neglected by another. But these circumstances of dissimi- larity arise from those necessary changes which are superinduced upon every institution by a spirit of innovation, by the caprice of individuals, and by the various revolutions in civilized society. Every alteration or improvement in philosophical systems or ceremonial institutions generally produces a corresponding variation in their name, deduced from the nature of the improvement or from the name of the innovator. The different associations, for example, whose nature and tendency we have been considering, received their names from circumstances merely casual, and often of trifling consideration, though all of tbem were established for the same purpose and derived from the same source. When the mysteries of the Essenes were imported by Pythagoras into Italy, without undergoing much variation they were there denominated the mysteries of Pythagoras ; and in our day they are called the secrets of Free Masonry, because many of their symbols are derived from the art of building, and because they are believed to have been invented by an association of architects who were anxious to preserve among themselves the knowledge which they had acquired.^ The difference in the cere- monial observances of these institutions may be accounted for nearly upon the same principles. From the ignorance or superior sagacity of those who presided over the ancient Fraternities some ceremonies would be insisted upon more than others ; some of less moment would be ex- alted into consequence; while others of greater importance would be depressed into obscurity. In process of time, therefore, some trifling changes would be effected upou these ceremonies, some rites abolished, and others introduced. The chief difference, however, between the ancient and modem mysteries is in those points which concern religion. But this arises from the great changes which have been effected in religious knowledge. It cannot be supposed that the rites of the Egyptian, Jew- ish, and Grecian religions should be observed by those who profess only the religion of Christ ; or that we should pour out libations to Ceres and Bacchus, who acknowledge no heavenly superior but the true and the living God.
It may be proper to notice in this place an objection urged by M. Barruel against the opinion of those who believe that the mysteries of Free Masonry are similar to the mysteries of Egypt and Greece.' From the nnfEumess with which this writer has stated the sentiments of his oppo-
^ Sjmbols derived from the art of building were also employed by the Pytha- goreans for conveyiug instruction to those who were initiated into their Frater- nity w — ^Proclos in Eucl., lib. zi, def. 2, &c.
* Memoirs of Jacobinism, vol. ii, pp. 355-360.
2i THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
nenta on this sabject, from the confidence and triumph with which he has proposed his own, and above all from the disingenuity with which he has supported them, many inattentive readers may have been led to adopt his notions, and to form as despicable an idea of the understand- ings, as he would wish them to form of the characters of Masons. He takes it for granted that all who embrace the opinion which we have endeavoured to support must necessarily believe that a unity of religious sentiments and moral precepts was maintained in all the ancient mys- teries, and that the initiated entertained just notions of the unity of God, while the vulgar were addicted to the grossest Polytheism. Upon this gratuitous supposition, which we completely disavow, because it has no connection with our hypothesis, Barruel founds all his declamations against the connection of our Order with the Pythagorean and Eleusinian institutions. If this supposition, indeed, were true, his opinion would be capable of proof. But he is all the while combating the dogmas of War- burton while he thinks he is demolishing the antiquity of our Order. There is perhaps in no language such a piece of downright sophistry as this portion of Barruers work. He seems to scruple at no method, how- ever base or dishonourable, that can bring discredit upon Free Masonry and every thing connected with it After overturning the opinion of Warburton he next attacks us on our own ground, styling us the child- ren of eophistry, deism, and pantheism, who deduce our origin from associations of men that were enemies to Christianity,^ and followed no guide but the light of nature. But this writer should recollect that the son is not accountable for the degeneracy of his parents; and if the ancient mysteries were the nurseries of such dangerous opinions as he, in opposition to authentic history, lays to their charge, it is to the glory of their posterity that they have shaken ofi* the yoke and embraced that heavenly light which their ancestors affected to despise.
It is unfortunate for Free Masonry that it should have to encounter such objections as these, stated by a writer qualified to adorn fiction in the most alluring attire, and impart to sophistry the semblance of demonstration . Many careless readers have been misled by the elegance and animation of his diction, — many religious men have been deceived by his aflfect'ition of piety and benevolence, — and all have been imposed upon by the intrusion of numerous and apparently wilful fabrications. But though the name of Jesus sounds in every period, — though a regard for individual happiness and public tranquillity are held forth as the objects of his labours, — ^yet that charity and forbear-
^ Vide Barruel, vol. ii, p. 357. We do not find in any system of chronology that Christianity existed in the time of Pythagoras, or at the establishment of the Eleusinian mysteries !
THB HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 25
ance which^distingnish the Christiaii cLaracter are never exemplified in the work of Barruel, and the hypocrisy of his pretensions are often betrayed by the fury of his zeal. The tattered veil behind wbich he attempts to cloak his inclinations often discloses to the reader the motires of the man and the wishes of his party. The intolerant spirit of a Romish priest breaks forth in every sentence, and brands with infeimy every order of men whom he supposes to have favoured that fatal revolution which demolished the religious establishment of France^ and forced a catholic sovereign to fly for refuge to our hospitable isle. ^
^ These remarks upon the Memoirs of Jacobinism may be reckoned by some too general and acrimoDious, especially as Barmel has ezcnlpated the Masons in England from those enormous crimes with which he has charged their Brethren on the Continent. It is evident, however, though denied bjr the author, that this exception was intended merelj as a compliment to the English Nation; for many of his allegations against Free Masonry are so general that they necessarilj involve in guilt every class of Masons, whether British or Centi- nentaL The falsehood of all these accusations is manifest not only from their being unsupported by evidence but from the mild and generous conduct of the British legislature to these secret societies ; for if the Government of this country had been credulous enough to believe one half of what Barruel said, it would have been called upon by every motive not only to dissolve, but to extir- pate such villainous associations.
26 THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
CHAPTER 11.
PARTIAL EXTINCTION OF SECRET ASSOCIATIONS DURING THE DARK
AGES TRAVELLING ARCHITECTS FREE MASONRY EXTINGUISHED
THROUGHOUT EUROPE WITH THE EXCEPTION OP BRITAIN— ORIGIN OF THE K:NIGHT TEMPLARS — THEIR PERSECUTION — ^THEIR INNOCENCE MAINTAINED — CONNECTION BETWEEN CHIVALRY AND FREE MASONRY — INITIATION OF THE TEMPLARS INTO THE SYRIAN FRATERNITY.
Haying iu the preceding Chapter finished what may properly be denominated the Ancient History of Free Masonry, we are now to trace its progress from the abolition of the heathen rites, in the reign of Theodosius, to the present day; and though the friends and enemies of the Order seem to coincide in opinion upon this part of its history, the materials are as scanty as before, and the incidents equally unconnected. In those ages of ignorance and disorder which succeeded the destruction of the Roman Empire, the minds of men were too debased by superstition and contracted by bigotry to enter into associations for promoting mental improvement and mutual bene- volence. The spirit which then raged was not one of inquiry. The motives which then influenced the conduct of men were not those benevolent and correct principles of action T?hich once distinguished their ancestors, and which still distinguish their posterity. Sequestered habits and unsocial dispositions characterised the inhabitants of Europe in this season of mental degeneracy, while Free Masons, actuated by very different principles, inculcate on their Brethren the duties of social inter- course, and communicate to all within the pale of their Order the know- ledge which they possess and the happiness which they feel. But if science had existed in these ages, and if a desire of social intercourse had animated the minds of men, the latter must have languished for want of gratification as long as the former was imprisoned within the walls of a convent by the tyranny of superstition or the jealousy of power. Science was in these days synonimous with heresy; and had any bold and enlightened man ventured on philosophical investigations, and published his discoveries to the world, he would have been regarded as a magician by the vulgar, and punished as a heretic by the Church of
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 27
Rome. These remarks may be exemplified and confirmed by an appro- priate instance of the interfering spirit of the Romish Church even in tho sixteenth century, nvhen learning had made considerable advance- ment in Europe. The celebrated Baptista Porta having, like the sage of Samos, travelle<l into distant countries for scientific information, returned to his native home and established a society which he denominated the Academy of Secrets. He communicated the information which he had collected to the members of this association, who in their turn imparted to their companions the knowledge which they had individually obtained. But this little Fraternity, advancing in respectability and science, soon trembled under the rod of ecclesiastical oppression, and experienced in its dissolution that the Romish hierarchy was determined to check the ardour of investigation, and retain the human mind in its former fetters of ignorance and superstition. How then could Free Masonry flourish when the minds of men had such an unfortunate propensity to monkish retii^ment, and when every scientific and secret association was so thoroughly overawed and persecuted ?
But though the political and intellectual condition of society was un- £Divourable to the progress of Free Masonry, and though the secret associations of the ancients were dissolved in the fifth century by the command of the Roman Emperor, yet there are many reasons for believing that the ancient mysteries were observed in private, long after theb public abolition, by those enemies of Christianity who were still attached to the religion of their fathers. Some authors ^ even inform us that this was actually the case, and that the Grecian rites existed in the eighth century, and were never completely abolished.* These consider- ations enable, us to connect the heathen mysteries with that trading association of architects which appeared during the dark ages under the special authority of the See of Rome.
The insatiable desire for external finery and gaudy ceremonies which was displayed by the catholic priests in the exercise of their religion, introduced a corresponding desire for splendid monasteries and magnifi- cent cathedrals. But as the demand for these buildings was urgent, and continually increasing, it was with great difiiculty that artificers could be procured even for the erection of such piuus works. In order to encourage the profession of architecture, tho bishops of Rome and the other potentates of Europe conferred on the Fraternity the most important privileges, and allowed them to be governed by laws, customs, and ceremonies peculiar to themselves. This association was
^ Gibbon, vol. v, chap, xxviii, p. 110.
' Psellus, n»^i ^mtfMWf Urn ^t^ftv^tf it ixxiffif . Vide also Anthologia Hibernica for January 1794, and pp. 11, 12, iU2ira.
28 THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
composed of men of all Nations, of Italian^ Greek, French, German, and Flemish artists, who were denominated Free Masons, and who, ranging from one country to another, erected those elegant churches and cathe- drals which, though they once gratified the pride and sheltered the rites of a corrupted priesthood, now excite the notice of antiquarians and administer to the grandeur of kingdoms. The governraent of this association was remarkably regular. Its members lived in a camp of huts reared beside the building on which they were employed. A sur- veyor or master presided over and directed the whole. Every tenth man was called a warden, and overlooked those who were under his charge; and such artificers as were not members of this Fraternity were prohibited from engaging in those buildings which they alone had a title to rear.^ It may seem strange, and perhaps inconsistent with what we have already said, that the Fraternity of Free Masons should have been sanctioned, and even protected by the bishops of Rome, — secret associations being always a terror to temporal and spiritual tyranny. But these heads of the Church, instead of approving of Free Masonry by the encouragement and patronage which they gave to architects, only employed them as instruments for gratifying their vanity and satiating their ambition ; for, in after ages, when Masons were more numerous, and when the demand for religious structures was less urgent than before, the Roman Pontiffs deprived the Fraternity of those very privileges which had been conferred upon them without solicitation, and persecuted with unrelenting rage the very men whom they had voluntarily taken into favour, and who had contributed to the grandeur of their ecclesiastical establishment.
Wherever the catholic religion was taught, the meetings of Free Masons were sanctioned and patronised. The principles of the Order were even imported into Scotland,^ where they continued for many ages in their primitive simplicity, long after they had been extinguished in the continental kingdoms. In this manner Scotland became the centre from which these principles again issued, to illuminate not only the Nations on the continent but every civilized portion of the habitable world. What those causes were which continued the Societies of Free Masons longer in Britain than in other countries it may not perhaps be easy to determine ; but as the fact itself is unquestionably true, it must have arisen either from some favourable circumstance in the political
* Wren's Parentalia, or a History of the Family of Wren, pp. 306-307. Heme's History of Great Britain, vol. viii, p. 273, book iv, chap, v, sec. 1. Robison'e Proofs of a Conspiracy, p. 21.
'a.d. 1140. Vide Statistical Account of Scotland, parish of Kilwinning. Edinburgh Magazine for April 1802.
THB HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY.
state of Britain which did not exist in the other governments of Europe, or from the superior policy by which the British Masons eluded the suspicion of their enemies, and the greater prudence with which they maintained the simplicity and respectability of their Order. The for- mer of these causes had, without doubt, a considerable share in pro- ducing the effect under consideration ; and we know for certain that in oar own days the latter has preserved Free Masonry in a flourishing condition throughout these United Kingdoms, while in other countries the impmdence and foolish innovations of its members have exposed it to the severest and justest censures, and, in many cases, to the most violent persecutions. It is a fact requiring no confirmation, and result- iog from the most obvious causes, that Free Masonry never flourishes in seasons of public commotion ; and during these, even in Great Britain, thongh the seat of war is commonly in foreign countries, it has univer- sally declined. But in those lands which are the theatre of hostilities it will be neglected in a still greater degree ; and if these hostilities are long continued or of frequent recurrence, the very name and principles of the Order must soon be extinguished. Amid those continual wars, therefore, which during the middle ages distracted and desolated the continent of Europe, the association of architects would be easily dis- solved, while on the western coast of Scotland, in the humble village of Kilwinning, they found a safe retreat from the violent convulsions of continental wars.
Before we detail the progress of Free Masonry after its importation into Britain, it will be necessary to give some account of The Kkight Templars, a Fraternity of Free Masons whose affluence and virtues aroused the envy of cotemporaries, and whose uumerited and unhappy end must have frequently excited the compassion of posterity. To prove that the Order of the Knight Templars was a branch of Free Masonry would be a useless labour, as the fact has been invariably acknowledged by Free Masons themselves, and none have been more zealous to establish it than the enemies of their Order ;^ the former have admitted the fact, not because it was creditable to them but because it was true ; and the latter have supported it, because, by the aid of a little sophistry, it might be employed to disgrace their opponents.
* Vide Barmel's Memoirs of Jacobinism, vol. ii, p. 379-383, where this is attempted at some length. As Darmel, however, was unacquainted with either the observances of the Templars or those of Free Masons, he has attributed to both many absurd rites which never existed but in his own mind. For the same reason he has omitted many points of resemblance, which would have established the common opinion upon an immovable foundation.
82 THB HISTOBY OF FREE XAflONRT.
and is a 8tron|i; proof that thoir minds were neither so enervated by indolence^ nor their bodies so enfeebled bj laxary^ as has been generally beliered. The only murmurs which escaped from their lips were those which expressed their anguish and remorse that they had betrayed in the hour of pain the interests of their Order^ and had oonfessed them- selves guilty of crimes unworthy of men and of Templars.
But the scone which was to complete their ruin and satiate the vengeance of their enemies was yet to be enacted. Their Grand Master^ Jacques de Mohky,i and other dignitaries of the Order^ still survived; and though they had made the most submissive aduiowledg- ments which could have been desired, yet the influence which they had over the minds of the vulgar, and their connection with many princes of Europe, rendered them formidable and dangerous to their oppressors. By the exertion of that influence they might restore union to their dismembered party, and inspire them with courage to revenge the murder of their companions; or, by adopting a more cautious method, they might rcpol by uncontrovertible proofs the charges for which they suffered, and by interesting all men in their behalf, they might expose Philip to the attacks of his own subjects and to the hatred and contempt of Europe. Aware of the danger to which his character and person would be exposed by pardoning the survivors, the French Monarch commanded the Grand Master and his brethren to be led out to a scaffold erected for the purpose, and there to confess before the public the enormities of which their Order had been guilty, and the justice of the punishment which had been inflicted on their brethren. If they adhere<l to their former confessions a full pardon was promised to them, but if they should persist in maintaining their innocence, they were threatened with destruction on a pile of wood which the executioners had erected in their view to awe them into compliance. While the multitude were standing around in awful expectation, ready from the words of the prisoners to justify or condemn their king, the venerable Molay, with a cheerful and undaunted countenance, advanced in chains to the edge of the scaffold, and with a firm and impressive tone thus addressed the spectators : — '^ It is but just that in this terrible day, and in the last moments of my life, I lay open the iniquity of falsehood, and make truth to triumph. I declare then, in the face of heaven and earth, and I confess to my eternal shame and confusion, that I have committed
^ [Jacques de Molay was elected Grand Master in the year 1297, and was the second elevated to that dij^nity after tbe expulsion of the (Christians from the Holy Loud, lie was of an ancient family in Besan^on, Franchc Cample, and , entered the Order in the year 12G5. — Burucs's Sketch, p. 27, noU.—E,']
34 THE HISTORY OP FREE MABONRY.
connected with a Fraternity which, in his opinion, was so wicked and pro&ne. While we endeavoar, therefore, to defend the Templars against these recent calnmnies, we shall at the same time be maintaining the respectability of our own Order by vindicating its members from that imputed depravity which, according to Barruel, they have inherited from their fathers.
In order to form an impartial judgment respecting any sentence which has been passed without proper evidence, either against individnals or associations, it is necessary to be acquainted with the motives and character of the accusers, and with the benefits which might accrue to them and the judges by the punishment or liberation of the accused. In the case before us the latter had been disgraced and imprisoned by the former. Sordid and private motives actuated their chief prosecutor and judge, and many rival Orders, who had been languishing in obscurity and indigence, propagated with assiduity slanderous accusations, in the hope of sharing in those ample possessions and that public favour which had been acquired by the superior abilities of the Templars. To all ranks of men, indeed, the veneration which their name inspired was an object of euTy. Their revenues were calculated to create uneasiness in a covetous mind, and the remarkable regularity of their conduct was no small incitement to detraction. Such were the motives and prospects of their judges and accusers. Let us attend now to the accusations which were brought against them, and we shall find that these could scarcely come under the cognizance of law, as their pretended crimes were committed against themselves and not against society. Did they perpetrate murder upon any of their fellow-K^itizcns ? This was never laid to their charge. Did they purloin any man's treasures 1 Of theft they were never accused. Did they instigate to rebellion the sub- jects of any Government, or plot destruction*^ against the person of any king? Under such a character they were never known till Barruel called them traitors and regicides ; because, forsooth, it was his opinion that their successors, the Free Masons of France, were accessory to the murder of their Sovereign. What then were their crimes ? It was said that they burned their own children ! And yet an instance was never adduced in which the child of a Templar had disappeared, and in which the tenderness of a mother, as certainly would Ikave happened, remon- strated against the murder of her infant. They were said to have com- mitted upon one another the most unnatural of all crimes ! And yet no individual produced a specific instance which he could corroborate by indubitable proof. They were accused of insulting the Cross of Christ ; and yet they had shed their blood in the defence of His religion. Of deeds like these one may conceive a depraved individual to have been guilty ;
THE niSTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 35
bat to beliere that a respectable Fraternity, consisting of tboosands of members, could be capable of such enormities, requires a degree of f&ith to which the most credulous will scarcely attain.
Their innocence, and the injustice of Philip, will be still more apparent by oonsidering the conduct of the latter, as related OTen by Barruel. This writer observes, " That two men who had been imprisoned for their crimes declared that Uiey had some important discoveries to make con- ceniiDg the Knight Templars, and that this declaration, though entitled to little credit, made the king determine on the dissolution of the Order, and arrest in one day all the Templars in his kingdom."^ Here then, at the very outset, was the most flagrant injustice. Without summon- ing a angle witness, without examining a single Knight, without con- aolting a single friend, without even knowing what the important dis- coveries were which the criminals had to make, the French king deter- mined on the destruction of an Order whose Grand Master had been his particular friend, and even the godfather of one of his children.' This latter circumstance, indeed, is brought forward by Barruel to justify the conduct of Philip, because he sacrificed the duties of friendship to the principles of justice ; but, taken in connection with the other parts of his conduct, it says little for either the head or the heart of that onscmpalons monarch.
Such being the premature and precipitate determination of Philip, we may consider the Order as at that time dissolved, and regard aH those examinations, inquiries, confessions, trials, and councils which succeeded, as mere phantoms of justice, conjured up by that crafty prince to dazsle the eyes of his subjects, and sanctify the depravity of his own conduct. By keeping this circumstance in view, the intelligent reader will be enabled to understand the minute though sometimes contradictory details of historians respecting the trial and confessions of the Templars ; and, notwithstanding the veil of justice with which the judges attempted to cover their proceedings, he will be aided in developisg those detest- able principles upon which their trial was conducted, and the despicable motives which induced Clement the Fifth to partake in the guilt of Philip the Fair.
The^most formidable, and indeed the only plausible argument by which Barruel supports his opinions, is drawn from the confessions of the Templars. He maintains that these were free from compulsion, and that no set of men could be so base as to accuse their Brethren of crimes of which they believed them to be entirely innocent But the fidlacy of his reasoning will manifest itself upon the slightest reflection. It is a curious, though unquestionable fact, that when an avowal must be
' Memoirs of Jacobinism, vol. n, p. 364. * Ibid. vol. n, p. 366.
36 THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
made^ men are more ready to accuse themselves of actions of which they have never been guilty than to confess those which they have actually committed. Such as have attended to the t>peration of their own minds, particularly in the earlier part of life, will acquiesce in this extraordinary truth; and those who have not had occasion to observe it, will find, upon consideration, that it is consonant to the constitution of the human mind. When a man confesses himself guilty of a crime which he has really perpetrated, he is exposed not only to the reproaches of his own conscience but to those of the world, and should he at any time retract his confessions he must be aware that every subsequent inquiry would only confirm the truth of his first deposition. But when a man, from a principle of fear, acknowledges the truth of accusations with which he is unjustly charged, a sense of his integrity and inno- cence supports him under the opprobrium of the world ; he is conscious that his character will be vindicated by every investigation, and that the confessions which he has made may at any time be proved to have been the ofispring of necessity. Such undoubtedly were the feelings by which the Templars were actuated. Convinced that the crimes which they were required to acknowledge were of such an unnatural kind that ihey could never be imputed to them by any reasonable man, they yielded to the solicitations of their persecutors, in the well-grounded assurance that future inquiry would remove the stain which the irresist- ible desire of self-preservation had prompted them to throw upon their character. From this very consideration indeed, namely, from the nature of the crimes charged upon them, many eminent historians have maintained their innocence. But were we even to allow, with Barruel, in opposition to all history, that their avowals were entirely voluntary, we would from that circumstance, by an application of the principles already laid down, prove not the guilt but the innocence of the Order.
It is not, however, upon speculative principles alone that we can account for their ^nfessions and subsequent recantations. There are fortunately some historical facts which furnish a rational explanation of their conduct, but which Barruel, either from ignorance or design, has totally overlooked. About the commencement of the persecution, Molay, the Grand Master, had been examined at Paris. From the causes which we have already explained, but particularly from a dread of those torments to which an obstinate avowal of his inno- cence would expose him, he mode every confession which his perse- cutors demanded ; and at the same time he transmitted circular letters to an immense uuuiber of his Brethren, requesting them to make the same confessions with himself,^ for it was only by submissive conduct
* Histoire de CheTalicrs Hospitaliers, par Abb*J Vertot, tom. ii, p. 86.
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 37
that they could hope to disarm the furj of their enemies and avert the blow with which their Order was threatened. Agreeably to the request of If olajy many of the Templars made the same acknowledgments ; while others, whose morality was more inflexible, and whose courage was more undaunted, disdained to do evil that good might come, and perse- Tered unto death in the avowal of their own innocence and that of their companions. Molay, however, and those who had followed his example, ■oon perceived that though their admissions had protected them from injury as individuals, they had nevertheless rather inflamed the rage of liiilip against the Order generally; and beiug now convinced that their acknowledgments had produced an eflfect opposite to what they expected, they boldly retracted their former avowals, and adopted that intrepid line of conduct of which we have already given a brief outline. There is another circumstance connected with this part of our subject which, though not taken notice of by historians, is well deserving of the reader's attention. It is asserted by all cotemporary writers, whether the friends or adversaries of the Templars, that all those who maintained their innocence were condemned either to death or to a punishment equally severe ; while all who confessed, and adhered to their confes- sions, were either completely acquitted, or senteocod to a few days' fitting and prayer^ or a short imprisonment.^ It is allowed also by these historians, and even by Barruel, that a very considerable number were altogether ignorant of the crimes perpetrated by the others, and that some who were privy to them were not partakers in their guilt. In which class, then, are we to rank these innocent men ? Among those who Buflfered, or among those who were saved? If among the former, their enemies were guilty of the most flagrant injustice and cruelty in consuming the innocent on the same pile with the guilty. If among the latter, they must have been compelled to confess themselves guilty of crimes of which they were entirely innocent
In order to show that the confessions were volaDtary and not extorted, Barruel is obliged to deny facts which are annitted by every historian. But lest his readers should not be so sceptical on that point as himself, he takes care to inform them that the bishops declared that all those whose confessions were extorted by the rack should be regarded as innocent, and that no Templar should be subject to it : That Clement the Fifth rather favoured them, and that he sent the most venerable persons to interrogate those whose age and infirmities prevented them from appearing before him. But who^ pmj) ^^re those aged and infirm Templars to whom Clement is so compassionate 1 Were they men who
^ Some of them even received pensions for their confessions. Vertot, torn. II, p. 91.
<^8 THE HISTOHY OF l^'REE MASOJi ttt.
were smarting under diseases inflicted by the hand of Providence? Were they men whose aged limbs were unfit for the fatigues of a journey, or whose grey hairs bad excited the pity of the Roman Pontiff? No \ They were a few undaunted Knights, whom the blood-extorting screws of their tormentors had tortured and disabled, whose fleeh had been lacerated on the rack, and whose bones had been disjointed or broken on the whe^. These are the men who, in the langmge of the above writer, were prevented by their age and infirmities from travelling to Poictiers, or who, in the more simple style of the Pope himself, were unable to ride on horseback^ or to hear any other method of conveyance whatsoever. Such was that mildness of Clement which Barruel applauds I And such too, we may add, is the integrity of Barruel.
Having thus endeavoured to vindicate the character of our ancestors from the accusations of their enemies, it is necessary to make a few remarks respecting the ceremonial observances which are attributed to them and their posterity by the author of the Memoirs of Jacobinism. But this, our opponents well know,' is ground on which Free Masons are prohibited to enter by the rules of their Order. It is here, conse- quently, that the most numerous, and apparently the most successful attacks have been made, for we can be provided with no means of defence without laying open the m3r8ter]es of the Fraternity. Conscious of the disadvantages under which we labour, our adversaries^ have invented the most frightful and foolish ceremonies, and imposed them upon the world as those of Free Masonry; among these may be reckoned those rites and oaths which Barruel ascribes to the Templars and their posterity, but which, we solemnly aver, have no connection with either the one or the o^her; and wore we permitted to divulge the whole of our ritual system, many who have duped the public by deceitful information would stand abashed at their conduct, while others who have confided therein would be astonished at the extent of their credulito. Then might Free Masons defy, as they have done on every mher point, the fabrications of the malicious and the conjectures of the ignorant; then, too, might they mock at the ingenuity of the wise. But as they are bound to preserve from public view the rites of their Order, it is highly disingenuous to assail them in a quarter where resistance is impossible, and where every unprincipled man may triumph with impunity. Is not this to assassinate an enemy with his hands tied behind his back ? Is not this to reproach a foe who is deprived of the power of reply ?
But there is another important consideration which, while it points out in a more striking manner the disingenuity of such conduct, should at the same time incite the candid inquirer to reject every calumny
THE HISTORY OF FRBB MAaOMRT. 89
agminst aeoret asscciatioDs, aridDg from reports concerning their rites and ceremonies. If ever the secrets of Free Masonry were betrayed they must have been betrayed by men who were completely destitute of leUgiooB principle, who paid no respect to those ties which onite the members of civil as well as secret associations ; who, in short, neither feared God nor regarded man. SupposS then that a person pretending to be a Free Mason offered to commnnicate either to an individnal or to the public the rites and ceremonies of his Order. What degree of credit should men of probity attach to the information which they might in this way receive ? A person addresses them under the character of a peijurer, offering to violate the most solemn engagements, and to divulge mysteries which have been concealed for ages. He may give them accu- rate information, or he may not If the secrets which he offers to betray have been hitherto unknown, there is no possible method of ascer- taining the truth of his deposition, and it is rather to be suspected that he will dupe his hearers by a fictitious narrative than trample upon an engagement guarded by the most awful sanctions. He might indeed confirm by an oath the truth of his asseveration, but as he must have Tiolated an oath equally solemn, no man of sense will give him the slightest credit. But granting that he really divulges the rites and ceremonies of Free Masonry, it is either clear that he has not under- stood their true import, or at least that they have made no impression upon his mind ; and it is almost certain, therefore, that from ignorance or misapprehension of their meaning, he will exhibit under an aspect cal- ealated to excite ridicule, that which, if properly explained, would com- mand respect. If, then, it be so difficult for the uninitiated to discover those secrets, and still more so to ascertain their signification if they should discover them, what must we think of those who open their ears to every slanderous tale against Free Masons, which unprincipled indi- viduals may impose upon their credulity? What must we think of those who reproach and vilify us upon the doubtful statements of cunning and interested men ? We appeal to the impartial reHbr if they are not equally base with the informers themselves.
Such are some of the considerations by which we would attempt to repel those charges and distorted facts with which Barruel has calum- niated the character and disfigured the history of the Templars. They will be sufficient, we hope, to remove those erroneous impressions which the perusal of the Memoirs of Jacobinism may have left upon the reader's mind ; but although we have adopted the opinion of those who maintain their innocence, we cannot coincide with them in believing that, as indi- viduals, they were totally exempt from blame. They were possessed of the same corrupted nature, and infiuenced by the same passions as
40 TH£ HISTORY OF FRE& MASONRt.
their fellow-men, and were unqaestionablj exposed to stronger and more numeroas temptations. Some of them, ^erefore, may have been guilt j of crimes, and these, too, of an aggravated kind, which by a strange though not ancommoD mistake, may have been transferred to their Order. Bat it was never proted that they were traitoh^ child-mur- derers, regicides, and infidels. *A certain class of historians, indeed, have imputed to them such iniquities, and when unable to establi8li|.their assertions have fixed upon them the more probable charges of drunken- ness and (lebanchery. But amidst all these accusations we hear nothing of that valour which first raised them to pre-eminence ; nothing of that charity and beneficence which procured them the respect of cotemporaries; nothing of that fortitude and patience which most of ^em exhibited on Ihe rack and in the flames. In their case it has been too true that
The evil which men do lives afte^ them i The good is oft interred with their bones.
But allowing them to be as guilty as their enemies have represented, upon what principles of sound reasoning or common sense does Barruel transfer their guilt to the Fraternity of Free Masons f Is it absolutely necessary that the son should inherit the bodily diseases and the mental debility of his forefathers ? or is it fair that one Order, pro- posing to itself the same object, and instituted upon the same principles as another, ebould be charged also with the same crimes ? Certainly not. If virtue and vice were hereditary qualities we might arrogate to ourselves much honour from our connection with the Templars ; but as we have not been applauded for their virtues, we should not be re- proached for their crimes. But the reasoning of Barruel is as repugnant to the dictates of experience as it is to those of common sense. Were not the inhabitants of England at one period fanatics, rebels, and regicides 1 But where now is the Nation that is more liberal in its religion and more steady in its loyalty ! Did not the French at one time torture, burn, and massacre thei[(fellow-citizens, from the fury of their religious zeal and the strength of their attachment to the Catholic communion ? But what Nation is at present less influenced by religious principles, and less attached to the Church of Rome ! Did not the rulers of France at one time torment and assassinate hundreds of the Templars because they deemed them infidels, traitors, and regicides? And have we not seen, in these latter days, the rulers of France themselves infidels, traitors, and regicides ! If, however, the impartial reader should upon farther inquiry give credit to the guilt of the Templars, in order to remove the imputed stain which has been transferred to Free Masons it may be sufllcicnt to address him in the words of the poet,
Tompora mutantur, et nos mntamur in illis.
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 41
About the time of the Knight Templars, Chivalry had attained its highest perfection. It had its existence indeed prior to this period, bnt as it continued to influence the minds of men long after the destruction of that Order, We have deferred its consideration till the present stage of our history. When it made its first appearance the moral and political condition of Europe was in every respect deplorable. The religion of Jesus existed only in name. A degrading superstition had usurped its place, threatening ruin to the reason and the dignity of man. The political rights of the lower orders were sacrificed to the interests of the higher. War was carried on with a degree of savage cruelty, equalled only by the sanguinary contentions of beasts of prey, — no clemency was shown to the vanquished, — no humanity to the captive. The female sex were sunk below their natural level, were doomed to the most laborious occupations, and were deserted and despised by the very sex on whose protection and sympathy they have so natural a claim. To remedy these disorders, a few intelligent and pious men formed an association whose members obligated themselves to defend the Christian religion, to practise its morals, to protect widows and orphans, and to decide judicially, and not by arms, the disputes that might arise about their goods or effects. It was from this body undoubtedly that chivalry arose, ^ and not, as some think, from the public investiture with arms^ which was customary among the ancient Germans. But whatever was its origin, it produced a considerable change in the opinions and customs of society. It could not indeed eradicate that ignorance and depravity which engendered those evils that we have already enumerated. It softened however the ferocity of war. It restored woman to that honourable rank which she now possesses, and which at all times she was entitled to hold. It inspired those sentiments of generosity, sym- pathy, and friendship which have contributed so much to the civilization of the world, and introduced that principle of honour which, though far from being a laudable motive to action, often checks j^e licentious when moral and religious considerations would make no in^i^BSsion upon their minds. Such was its origin, and such the blessings which it imparted. That it was a branch of Free Masonry may be inferred from a variety of considerations, — ^from the consent of those who have made the deepest researches into the one, and who were intimately acquainted with the spirit, rites, and ceremonies of the other. They were both ceremonial institutions, and important precepts were communicated to the members of each for the regulation of their conduct as men and as brethren. Its ceremonies, like those of Free Masonry, though unintelligible to the
1 Bontainvillicrs on the Ancient Parliaments of France, Letter 5 ; quoted in Brydjon's Summary View of Heraldry, pp. 24, 25, 26.
42 THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
Yulgar, were always symbolical of some important truths. The object of both Societies was the same, and the members bound themselves by an oath to promote it with ardour and zeal. In chivalry there were also different degrees of honour through whicb the youth were obliged to pass before they were invested with the dignity of knighthood ; and the Knights, like Free Masons, were formed into Fraternities or Orders, distinguished by different appellations. ^
From tbese circumstances of resemblance we do not mean to infer that Chivalry was Free Masonry under another name, we mean only to show that tbe two were intimately connected ; that the former took its origin from the latter, and borrowed from it not only some of its ceremonial observances but the leading features and the general outline of its con- stitution. These points of similarity, indeed, are in some cases so striking that several learned men have affirmed that FreeMasonry was a secondary Order of Chivalry, and derived its origin from the usages of that institu- tion ;' but by what process of reasoning these authors arrive at this conclusion it is impossible to conjecture. The only argument which they adduce is ihe similarity of the institutions ; but they do not con- sider that this proves with equal force that Free Masonry is the parent of Chivalry. We have already shown that there were many secret societies among the ancients, particularly that of the Dionysian architects, wLich resembled Free Masonry in everything but the name; and it requires no proof that this brotherhood arose many hundred years before the existence of chivalry. If then there are points of resemblance between the institution we have been comparing, we must consider Free Masonry as the fountain and Chivalry only as the stream. The one was adapted to the habits of intelligent artists, and could flourish only in times of civilization and peace ; the other was accommodated to the dispositions of a martial age, and could exist only in seasons of ignorance and war. With these observations, indeed, the history of both societies entirely corresponds. In the enlightened ages of Greece and Rome, when Chivalry was unknown. Free Masonry flourished under the sanction of government and the patronage of intelligent men. But during the reign of Gothic ignorance and barbarity which followed the destruc- tion of Imperial Rome, Free Masonry languished in obscurity, while Chivalry succeeded in its place, and proposed to accomplish the same object by different means, which, though more rough and violent, were better suited to the manners of the age. And when science and litera-
* Brydson's Summary View of Heraldry, passim,
■ Chevalier Ramsay. Robison's Proofs of a Conspiracy, p. 39. Leyden's Preliminary Dissertation to the Complaynt of Scotland, pp. 67, 71 ; and the Preface to the sixth edition of Guillim's Display of Heraldry.
ITDB HlSTOtir OF FR££ MASONRY. 43
tare reviyed in Earope^ and scattered those oloads of ignorance and barbarism with which she had been overshadowed, Chiyaliy decayed aJong with the manners that gave it birth, while Free Masonry arose with increasing splendour, and advanced with the same pace as civilian- tion and refinement The connection between them is excellently exemplified in the Knight Templars. It is well known that this was an Order of Chivalry, and that the members thereof performed its cere- monies and were inflaenced by its precepts; and we know that they were also initiated into the mysteries, regulated by the maxims, and practised the rites of Free Masonry.^ But though they then existed in a double capacity, it must be evident to all who study their history that their Masonic character chiefly predominated; and that they deduced the name of their institution and their external observances from the usages of chivalry to conceal from the Roman Pontiff their primary object, and to hold their secret meetings free from suspicion or alarm. About this time, indeed, the Church of Rome sanctioned the Fraternity of Operative Masons, and allowed them to perform their ceremonies without molestation or fear. But this clemency, as we have already observed, was a matter of necessity ;' and the same interested motive which prompted his Holiness to patronise that trading association, could never influence him to countenance the duplicity of the Templars^ or permit them to exist in their Masonic capacity. It was the discovery, indeed, of their being Free Masons, of their assembling secretly, and performing ceremonies to which no stranger was admitted, that occa- sioned those calamities which befel them. It will no doubt appear surprising to some readers that such zealous defenders of the Catholic religion should practise the observances of a body which the Church of Rome has always persecuted with the bitterest hostility. But their Burprise will cease, when they are informed that about the middle of the eighteenth century, when Free Masonry was prohibited in the Eccle- siastical States by a papal bull, the members of the Romish church adopted the same plan, and, being firmly attached to the principles and practice of the Fraternity, established what they called a new associa- tion, into which they professed to admit none but zealous abettors of the papal hierarchy. In this manner, by flattering the pride of the church they eluded its vigilance, and preserved the spirit of Free Masonry by merely changing its name, and professing to make it subservient to the interests of the Pontificate. ^
Before leaving this subject, it may be interesting to some readers, and necessary for the satisfaction of others, to show in what manner the Knight Templars became depositaries of the Masonic mysteries. We
1 Vide pp. 29, 30, *upra. « Vide pp. 27, 28, aupra.
44 THE HISTORY OF FREB MASON RT.
have already seen that almost all the secret associations of the ancients either flourished or originated in Sjrria and the adjacent countries. It was here that the Dionysian artists, the Essenes, and tlie Kasideaus arose. From this country also came several members of the trading community of Masons which appeared in Europe during the dark ages j^ and we are assured that notwithstandiug the uufaTonrable con- dition of that province, there exists at this day one of these Syriac Fraternities on Mount Libanus.' As the Order of the Knight Templars therefore was originally formed in Syria, and existed there for a con- siderable time, it is no improbable supposition that they received their Masonic knowledge from the Lodges in that quarter. But in this case we are fortunately not left to conjecture, as we are expressly informed by a foreign author,' who was well acquainted with the history and customs of Syria^ that they were actually members of the Syriac Fraternities.
^ Mr Clinch, who appears not to have been acqniunted with this fact, supposes that Free Masonry was introduced into Europe by means of the Gypsies. Anthologia Hibernica for April 1794« There was such an iotimate connection between Asia and Europe in the time of the Cmsades, that the customs and manners of the one must in some measure have been transferred to the other.
' Anthologia Hibernica for April 1794.
' Adlerde Drusis Montis LibanL— Rome 1786.
THE HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. ' 45
CHAPTER III.
PROGRESS OF FREE MASONRY IN BRITAIN. — INTRODUCED INTO SCOTLAND. — CAUSES OF ITS DECLINE. — ^HISTORY OF IN THE REION OF HENRY
VI. HISTORY OF IN SCOTLAND FROM JAMES I. TO VI. OFFICE OF
HEREDITARY GRAND MASTER CONFERRED UPON THE ST CLAIRS OF R08LIN. RESIGNATION OF BY 'WILLIAM ST CLAIR IN 1736.
Having compared Freo Masonrj with those Secret Associations which mrose during the dark ages, let us now direct our attention to its pro- gress in Britain after it was extinguished in the other kingdoms of the Continent. We have already seen that a trading Fraternity of Free Masons existed in Europe during the middle ages, — that many special favours were conferred upon them by the Roman See^ — ^ihat they had the exclusive privilege of erecting those magnificent buildings which were reared by the pride of the Church of Rome, and endowed by the misguided zeal of its members, — ^that several Masons travelled into Scotland about the beginning of the twelfth century, and imported into that country the principles and ceremonies of their Order, — and w© have accounted for the preservation of this association in Britain after its total dissolution on the Continent.^
^ In addition to the reasons already given, another might have been adduced, which without doubt operated very powerfully in the preservation of Free Masonry in Britain. The first Lodges in this country were certainly com- posed of foreigners, who, when the patronage of the Church was with- drawn from them, were probably unable or unwilling to undergo the danger and expense of returning to their homes by spa. The Lodges of which they undoubtedly were the leading members would on this account continue in a more flourishing condition, as the foreign members would find it their interest to connect themselves with the inhabitants by the ties of a Brother-Mason, when they had no claim upon their afiections as fellow-countrymen. But the case was quite difi\*ront with Continental Lodges, which were entirely com- posed of artists from every country on the Continent, for when the Church of Rome had no farther occasion for their services they would return to their respective homes, and Free Masonry would soon decay when her supporters were dispersed and her Lodges forsaken.
46 THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
That Free Masonry was iDtroduced into Scotland by those architects who built the Abbey of Kilwinning is evident, not only from those authentic docnments by which the existence of the Kilwinning Lodge has been traced back as far as the end of the fifteenth century, but by other collateral arguments which amount almost to a demonstration. In every country where the temporal and spiritual jurisdiction of the Pope was acknowledged, there was a continual demand, particularly during the twelfth century, for religious structures, and consequently for opera- tive Masons, proportionate to the piety of the inhabitants and the opulence of their ecclesiastical establishment ; and there was no kingdom in Europe where the zeal of the inhabitants for Popery was more ardent — the kings and nobles more liberal to the clerp[y— or the Church more richly endowed than in Scotland.^ The demand, therefore, for elegant cathedrals and ingenious artists must have been proportionably greater here than in other countries, and that demand could be supplied only from the trading associations on the Continent. When we consider, in addition to these facts, that this Society monopolised the building of all the religious edifices in Christendom, we are authorised to conclude that those numerous and elegant ruins, which still adorn various parts of Soot- land, were erected by foreign Masons who introduced into this island the customs of their Order.
It was probably about this time also that Free Masonry was intro- duced into England ; but whether the English received it from the Scotch masons at Kilwinning, or from other Brethren who had arrived from the Continent, there is no method of determining. The Fraternity in England, however, maintain that St Alban, the proto-martyr, was the first who brought Masonry to Britain, about the end of the third cen- tury; that the Brethren received a charter from King Athelstane, and that his brother Edwin summoned all the Lodges to meet at York, which formed the first Grand Lodge of England.' But these are merely asser- tions, not only incapable of proof from authentic history, but incon- sistent also with several historical events which rest upon indubitable evidence.' In support of these opinions, indeed, it is alleged that no other Lodge has laid claim to greater antiquity than that of the Grand Lodge at York, and that its jurisdiction over the other Lodges in England has been invariably acknowledged by the whole Fraternity. But this argument only proves that York was the birth-place of Free
^ The Church possessed above one-half of the property in the kingdom. Robertson's History of Scotland, Books ii and in.
' A.D. 926. Preston's Illustrations of Masonry, p. 148. Smith's Use and Abuse of Free Masonry, p. 61. Free Masons* Kalendar, 1778.
' Dr Plot's Natural Ilistory of Staffordshire, chap, viii, pp. 316 318.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 4?
MasoDrj in England. It brings no additional evidence in support of the improbable stories abont St Alban, Atbelstane, and Edwin. If the antiquity of Free Masonry in Britain can be defended only by the inTention of silly and uninteresting stories, it does not deserve to be defended at all. Those who invent and propagate such tales do not surely consider that they bring discredit upon their Order by the warmth of their zeal ; and that, by supporting what is false, they deter thinking men from believing what is true.
After the establishment of the Kilwinning and York Lodges the principles of Free Masonry were rapidly diffused throughout both king- doms, and several Lodges were erected in different parts of the island. As all these derived their authority and existence from the two Mother Lodges, they were likewise under their jurisdiction and control; and when any differences arose which were connected with the art of build- ing, they were referred to the general meetings of the Fraternity, which were always held at Kilwinning and York. In this manner Free Masonry flourished for a time in Britain when it was completely abolished in every other part of the world. But oven here it was doomed to suffer a long and serious decline, and to experience those alternate successions of advancement and decay which mark the history of every human institution. And though, during several centuries after its importation into this country, the Brethren held their public assem- blies, and were sometimes prohibited from meeting by the interference of the legislature, it can scarcely be said to have attracted general attention till the beginning of the seventeenth century. The causes of this remarkable obstruction to its progress are by no means difficult to discover. In consequence of the important privileges which the Order received from the Church of Rome, many chose the profession of an architect, which, though at all times an honourable employment, was particularly so during the middle ages. On this account the body of operative Masons increased to such a degree, and the necessity for reli- gious edifices was so much diminished, that a more than sufficient number could at any time be procured for supplying the demands of the Church and of pious individuals. And there being now no scarcity of architects, the chief reason which prompted the Church to protect the Fraternity no longer existed; consequently she withdrew from them that patronage and those favours which she had spontaneously proffered, and denied them even the liberty of holding their secret assemblies — the unalienable privilege of every free-born community. But these were not the only causes which produced such a striking change in the con- duct of the Church. We have already mentioned that the spirit of the Order was hostile to the principles of the Church of Rome. The inten-
48 THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
tion of the one was to enlighten the mind, the object and policy of the other to retain it in ignorance ; when Free Masonry fioarished, the power of the Church mnst have decayed. The jealousy of the latter, there- fore, was aroused ; and as the civil power in England and Scotland was almost always in the hands of ecclesiastics, the Church and the State were both combined against the principles and practice of Masonry. ^ Along with these causes, the domestic and bloody wars which convulsed the two kingdoms, from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century, con- spired in a great degree to produce that decline for which we have been attempting to account
But notwithstanding these unfavourable circumstances, Free Masonry seems to have flourished, and attracted the attention of the public in the reign of Henry VI, who, when a minor, ascended the throne of England in 1422. In the third year of his reign, indeed, the parliament passed a severe Act against the Fraternity, at the instigation of Henry Beau- fort, Bishop of Winchester, who was then intrusted with the education of the young king. It enacted that the Masons should no longer hold their chapters and annual assemblies, — that those who summoned them should be considered as felons, — and those who resorted to them should be fined and imprisoned ; > but it would appear that this Act was never put in execution, as a Lodge was held at Canterbury in the year 1429, under the patronage of the Archbishop himself.' When Henry was able to take into his hands the government of his kingdom, and to form an opinion rospecting the use and tendency of the Fraternity, he not only permitted them to hold their meetings without molestation, but honoured their Lodges by his presence. Before he was iuitiated, however, he seems to have examined with scrupulous care the nature of the insti- tution, and to have carefully perused the charges and regulations of the Order as collected from their ancient records. These facts are contained in a record written in the reign of his successor, Edward IV, and confirmed
^ As a proof of the hostility of the Church of Rome to secret associations which aimed at the enlightenment of the mind, we mentioned (p. 27, tupra,) its treatment of the Academy of Secrets, instituted in the sixteenth century, for the advancement of physical science. When a local and temponiry institution thus drew down the vengeance of the Roman See, what must have been its con- duct to a Lodge of Free Masons ? A farther account of the Academy of Secrets may be found in Priostloy'a History of Vision, vol. ii.
s 3 lleniy VI, cap. 1, a.d. 1425; vide Ruffhead^s Statutes. Dr Plot's Natural History of Staffordshire, chap, viii, p. 318.
' Manuscript Register of William Molari, Prior of Canterbury, p. 28, enti- tled ** Libtratio gcneraUs Domini Gulidmi, prion's Ecclesia Christi Canttiaremit, erga fe*ium natalis Domlniy 1429.** In this Register are mentioned the names of the masters, wardens, and other members of the Lodge.
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 49
by a manuscript in Henry's own handwriting, wbich is familiar to every person who has studied the history of our Order. ^ This manuscript consists of questions and answers concerning the nature and tendency of Free Masonry, and seems to be the result of the king's examination of some i»f the Brethren before he became a member of the Fraternity. It was first procured* from the Bodleian Library by the celebrated Mr Locke, who transmitted it to the Earl of Pembroke, with several excel- lent explanatory notes.' In the title it is said to have been faithfully copied from the handwriting of Henry VI by John Leiand, antiquarian, who, according to Mr Locke, was the well-known antiquary of that name who lived in the sixteenth century, and was appointed by Henry VIII, at the dissolution of monasteries, to search for and save such books as were worthy of preservation. As this manuscript was originally printed at Frankfort, we were led to inquire upon what grounds the explanatory notes, and the letter to the Earl of Pem- broke which accompanies them, were believed to be the production of Mr Locke, when we found that this had been uniformly taken for granted by every writer upon tho subject, though the circumstance is not mentioned in the folio edition of his works. The style of the letter, however, and the acuteness of the annotations, resemble so much that philosopher's manner of writing, and the letter is so descriptive of his real situation at the time it was written, that it is almost impossible to deny their authenticity. In the letter itself, which is dated 6th May 1696, he remarks that he composed the notes for the sake of Lady Masham, who was become very fond of Masonry, and that the manu*
* Hitherto we have been careful to bring forward no facts upon the sole evidence of the Records, or the opinions of Free Masons ; such evidence, indeed, can never satisfy the minds of the uninitiated public. But when these Records contain facts, the fabrication of which could be of no service to the Fraternity, they may in that case be entitled to credit ; or when facts which reflect honour upon the Order are confirmed by evidence from another quarter, the authority of the Record entitles them to a still greater degree of credit With respect to the facts mentioned in tho text, we have not merely the authority of the Record and Manuscript alluded to, but we have proof that there was no collusion in the case, for the Record is mentioned in the Book of Constitutions by Dr Anderson, who had neither seen nor heard of the Manu- script.
■ This Manuscript was first printed at Frankfort in 1748, and afterwards re- printed in the London and Gentleman's Magazines for 1753. It may be seen in the lives of Leiand, Ilearne, and Wood,— Oxford, 1772, vol. i, pp. 96, 104, Appendix, No. viii ; Dermott*s Ahiman Rozon, pp. xxxii-xlii ; and Preston's Illustrations of Masonry, p. 110, [to which is appended a Glossary of obsolete words, and an admirable commentary upon the Manuscript and Mr Locke's Annotations. — E.]
4
50 THE HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY.
script had SO much excited his own curiosity that he was determined to enter the Fraternity the next time he went to London, which, he adds, will be very soon. Now at this time he was residing at Gates, the coantry seat of Sir Francis Masham, as appears from one of his letters to Mr Molyneux, dated Oates, SOth March 1696 ; and it appears that he actually went to London a short time alter the 6th of May, for another letter to the same gentleman is dated London, 2d July 1696.^ Notwithstanding these facts, Dr Plot maintains that Free Masonry was not patronised by Henry YI,' and that those who have supported a different opinion were ignorant of the laws and chronicles of their own country. Dr Plot may have been a good chemist and natural historian, but when our readers hear upon what foundation he has established his opinion, they will agree with us in thinking that he was a bad logician. He observes that an Act was passed in the king's minority prohibiting all general assemblies and chapters of Free Masons, and that as this Act was not repealed till 1562, by 5th Elizabeth, cap. 4, it was impossible that Free Masonry could be patron- ised in the same reign in which it was prohibiteci The &.ct is, that the Act was not repealed by 5th Elizabeth, cap. 4, which does not contain a single word about Free Masons. If Dr Plot's argument theiefore proves any thing, it would prove that Free Masonry has not been patronised since the reign of Henry VI, for that Act has never yet been repealed. But supposing that it was repealed, the prohibitory statute in Henry's reign might never have been put in execution, as very often happens ; and Dr Plot himself remarks, that the Act 5th Elizabeth was not observed. It is plain, therefore, that instead of being impossible, it is highly probable that Kin^ Henry patronised the Fraternity. When they were persecuted by Lis parliament he was only three years of age, and could neither approve nor disapprove of its sentence ; and it was very natural that when he came to the years of maturity he should undo what his parliament had dishonourably done.
While Free Masonry was flourishing in England under the auspices of Henry VI, it was at the same time patronised in our own country by James I. By the authority of this monarch every Grand Master who was chosen by the Brethren, either from the nobility or clergy, and approved of by the Crown, was entitled to an annual revenue of four pounds Scots from each Master Mason, and likewise to a fee at the initiation of every new member. He was empowered to adjust any differences that might arise among the Brethren, and to regulate those affairs connected with the Fraternity which it was improper to bring
1 Locke's Works, folio, vol. iii.
' Natural History of Stafibrdshire, cap. viii, p. 318.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 51
under the cognizance of the courts of law. The Grand Master also appointed Deputies or Wardens, who resided in the chief towns of Scotland, and managed the concerns of the Order, when it was incon- renient to appeal to the Grand Master himself. ^
In the reign of James II, the office of Grand Master was granted by the Crown to William St Clair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, Baron of Roslin, founder of the much admired chapel of Roslin. On account of the attention which this nobleman paid to the interests of the Order, and the rapid propagation of the royal art under his administration, the king made the office of Grand Master hereditary to his heirs and successors in the barony of Roslin ; in which family it continued till the institution of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. The Barons of Roslin, as hereditary Grand Masters of Scotland, held their principal annual meetings at Kilwinning, the birth-place of Scotch Masonry, while the Lodge of that Tillage granted constitutions and charters of erection to those Brethren who were anxious that regular Lodges should be formed in different parts of the kingdom. These Lodges all held of the Lodge of Kilwinning, and in token of their respect and submission joined to their own name that of their Mother Lodge, from whom they derived their existence as a corporation. *
During the succeeding reigns Free Masonry still progressed, though little reliable information can be procured respecting the particular state of the Fraternity. ' In the Privy Seal Book of Scotland however, there is a letter by King James VI, dated at " Halyruidhouse, 25th September 1590,'* granting " to Patrick Copland of Udaught,** the right of " using and exercising the office of ' Wardanrie' over the art and craft of Masonrie, over all the boundis of Aberdeen, Banff, and Kincardine ; to had wardan and justice courts within the said boundis, and there to minister justice." ^ This letter confirms what has been already said
^ Tide Appendix, No. II.
' Such as CanoDgate Kilwinniog ; Glasgow Kilwinningj &c., &c.
' [Although we have no direct evidence on the point, we may reasonably oondnde that during the reign of James III the Craft enjoyed considerable prosperity. The passionate attachment of that Monarch for magnificent build- ings and the Fine Arts, the favours he bestowed upon Cochrane, his architect, and the enconragement he gave to artists generally, make the supposition amount almost to a certainty. The tastes of his successor lying in fortification and gunnery, great numbers of forts and strongholds were erected in his reign ; whilst under James Y, a prince far in advance of his age, the royal art was not likely to decline. Moreover, our hypothesis is borne out from the fiict, that notwithstanding the feuds and commotions during Mary's time, the Fraternity were in a position to elect their own Grand Master when James VI ascended the English Throne.— £.]
* Privy Seal Book of Scotland, 61, folio 47.
52 TUE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY.
concerning the state of Masonry in Scotland, as it proves beyond dispute tbat the kings nominated the office-bearers of the Order ; that these Provincial Masters, or Wanlens as they were then called, administered justice in every dispute which concerned the " art and craft of Masonrie;" tbat Lodges were established in all parts of the realm, even in those remote, and at that time uncivilised counties of Aberdeen, Banff, and Kincardine ; and it completely overturns the assertion of Dr Robison, who maintains 1 that Elias Ashmole is the only distinct and unequivocal instance of a person being admitted into the Fraternity who was not an architect by profession. ■
The minutes of The Lodge of Edinburgh, Mary's Chapel, No. 1, which is the oldest Lodge in Edinburgh, extend as far back as the year 1598, but as they only contain the ordinary proceedings of the Lodge, we can derive from them no definite information respecting the condition of the Fraternity. It appears, however, from these minutes, that Thomas Boswell, Esq. of Auchinleck, was made a Warden of the Lodge in the year IGOO ; and that the Honorable Robert Moray, Quarter- master-General to the army in Scotland, was created a Master Mason in 1641. These facts are deserving of notice, as they show, in opposition to Dr Robison, that persons were early admitted into the Order who were not professional architects.
When James VI ascended the throne of England, he appears to have neglected his right of nominating the office-bearers of the craft. In Hay's Manuscript, in the Advocates' Library, there are two charters granted by the Scotch Masons, appointing the St Clairs of Roslin their hereditary Grand Masters. The first of these is without a date, but signed by several Masons, who appoint William St Clair of Roslin, his heirs and successors, their " patrons and judges." * Tho other is in some measure a ratification of the first, and dated 1630,* in which they appoint Sir William St Clair of Roslin, his heirs and successors, to be
^ Proofs of a Conspiracy, p. 21.
■ [Elias Ashmolo the learned Antiquarian, and founder of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, was initiated into the Order at Warrington, Lancashire, in October 1646. His dilitjcnt inquiries into its origin and history, and bis fre- quent attendance at the meetings for the long period of nearly half a century, e\idence the interest he took in the afiairs of the Fraternity.~He was born at Lichfield in 1617, and died at South Laniheth iu 1692, in the 76th year of his age.— K.]
* Vide Appendix, No. I.
* [This date has been generally given, and is that which appears in the copy of the Charter in Hay's MSS. in the Advocates* Library, but on refer- ence to the Books of the Lodge of Edinburgh at that period, it would appear to have been executed between 1626 and 1628, these being tho years during
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 53
their " patrons, protectors, and overseers, in all time coming." * In the first of these deeds, which seems to have been written a little after the nnion of the Crowns, it is stated that the want of a protector for some years had engendered many corruptions among the Masons, and had considerably retarded the progress of the craft ; and that the appoint- ment of William St Clair, £sq. was with the advice and consent of William Shaw, Master of Work to his Majesty. * After presiding over the Order for many years, William St Clair went to Ireland, where he continued a considerable time ; and in consequence of his departure the second charter was granted to his son, Sir William St Clair, investing him with the same power which his father enjoyed. It should also be remarked that in both these deeds the appointment by James II of William St Clair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, to the office of Grand Master, is spoken of as a fact well known and universally admitted. These observations will place in a clear point of view what must have hitherto appeareil a great inconsistency in the History of Scotch Masonry. In the deed by which William St Clair, Esq. of Roslin, resigned the office of hereditary Grand Master in 1736, it is stated that his ancestors, William and Sir W illiam St Clair of Roslin, were constituted patrons of the Fraternity by the Scotch Masons themselves,' while it is well known that the grant of hereditary Grand Master was originally made by James II to their ancestor, William St Clair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness. But when we consider that James VI, by neglecting to exer- cise his power virtually transferred to the craft the right of electing their office-bearers, the inconsistency disappears, as Mr St Clair and his predecessors held their office from the date of these charters by the appointment of the Fraternity itself. Lest any of his posterity however, after his resignation, might lay claim to the office of Grand Master on the ground that this office was bequeathed to them by the grant of James II to the Earl of Caithness and his heirs, — he renounces not only the right to the office which he derived frum the Brethren, but any right
which William Wallace, who subscribes the Charter as Deacon of The Edin- burgh Masons, acted in that capacity. Introduction to the Laws and Constitu- tiotis of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, 1848.— £.]
* Vide Appendix, No. II.
' [ A brief Memoir of William Schaw, who occupied so prominent a position amongst Masons, will be found in the Laws and Constitutions of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, Appendix Q 2, p. 113 ; he was born in 1550, and filled the Office of •* Maister of Wark " from 1584 to 1602. A very curious document, entitled ** The Statutis and Ordinanceis to be obseruit be all the Maister- Maissounis within this Realme," prepared by him in 1598, and bearing his signa- ture, will be found in Appendix,' No. VI. — £.]
* The Deed of Resignation is inserted at full length in Chapter vii, infra.
54 THE HtSTORV OF FREE MASONRY.
also^ which, as a desceDdant of the Earl of Caithness, he could claim fiom the grant aforesaid.
Notwithstanding the civil commotions which disturbed Britain in the seventeenth century, Free Masonry advanced in Scotland under the auspices of the St Clairs of Roslin, though no particular event worthy of notice occurred during that time, or even during the remainder of the century. The annual assemblies were still held at Kilwinning, and many charters and constitutions were granted by the Lodge there for the erection of Daughter Lodges in different parts of the kingdom.
In the year 1786, William St Clair, Esq. of Roslin, who was then Grand Master of Scotland, was under the necessity of disponing his estate, and as he had no children of his own, he was anxious that the office of Grand Master should not be vacant at his death. Having there- fore assembled the Lodges in Edinburgh and neighbourhood, he repre- sented to them the utility that would accrue to the Order by having a nobleman or gentleman of their own choice as Grand Master ; and at the same time intimated his intention to resign into the hands of the Brethren every title to that office which he at present possessed, or which his successors might claim from the grants of the Crown and the kindness of the Fraternity. In consequence of this representa- tion, circular letters were dispatched to all the Lodges in Scotland, in- viting them to appear, either by themselves or proxies, next St Andrew's Day, to concur and assist in the election of a Grand Master. On that day ^ about thirty-two Lodges appeared by themselves or proxies, and after receiving the deed of resignation from William St Clair, Esq., proceeded to the election of another Grand Master ; when, on account of the zeal which William St Clair, Esq. of Roslin, had always shown for the honour and prosperity of the Order, he was unanimously elected to that high office, and proclaimed Grand Master Mason of all Scotland.
Thus was instituted The Grand Lodge of Scotland, which has now more than completed the first century of her existence, during which period she has acted a conspicuous part in many important events and undertakings, and whose History, being that also of Free Masonry in this country, will form the Second Part of this Volume.
1 [November 30, 1736.— E.]
TUB HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 55
CHAPTER IV.
FREEMASONRY IN ENGLAND^ DURING THE CIVIL WARS — INTRODUCED
INTO FRANCE INSTITUTION OP THE GRAND LODGES OF ENGLAND
AND IRELAND RAPID PROGRESS OF THE ORDER — INTRODUCED INTO
INDIA, HOLLAND, RUSSIA, SPAIN, AFRICA, GERMANY, ETC. PERSE- CUTIONS ORIGIN OF THE MOPSES GRAND LODGES OF DENMARK,
SWEDEN, AND PRUSSIA INSTITUTED THE ILLUMINATI CONDUCT OF
THE BRITISH GOYERNMENT TO THE FRATERNITY IN 1799.
We hare already brought down the history of Masonry in England almost to the end of the fifteenth century. During the whole of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth, no events occurred worthy of a place in a general History of the Order. The Lodges continued to meet, but seem neither to have attracted the notice nor excited the dis- pleasure of the legislature.
During the Civil Wars, however, between the King and the Parlia- ment, the Fraternity appears to have been better known, and many wore initiated into its mysteries who were distinguished both by their literary talents and their rank in life. Elias Ashmole informs us in his Diary that Colonel Main waring was admitted with him into the Order at War- rington in October 1646. Charles II too, was a Member of the Frater- nity, and frequently honoured the Lodges with his presence. From this fact, chiefly, Dr Robison asserts that Free Masonry was employed by the Royalists for promoting the cause of their sovereign, and that the ritual of the Master's degree seems to have been framed, or twisted from its original intention, in order to sound the political principles of the candi- date. The strained and fanciful analogy by which this opinion is sup- ported is perhaps one of the most striking instances that could be adduced to show to what puerile arguments the most learned will resort when engaged in the defence of a bad cause. But though Dr Robison maintains that all who witnessed the ceremonies of the Masters degree during the Civil Wars could not fail to show by their countenance to what jiarty they belonged, yet he observes in another part of his work.
56 THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
that the symbols of Masonry seemed to be equally susceptible of every interpretation, and that none of these were entitled to any decided pre- ference.i We leave to our readers the task of reconciling such in- consistencies.
An opinion of an opposite nature, though equally extravagant, has been maintained by Pivati," and the author of " Free Masonry Examined/' These writers assert that Free Masonry originated in the time of the English Commonwealth ; that Oliver Cromwell was its inventor; that the level was the symbol of republican equality, and the other signs and ceremonies were merely arbitrary, and formed for concealing their political designs. It would be ridiculous to enter into a serious refu tac- tion of such opinions as these, which are found^ad on the most unpardon- able ignorance. That Free Masonry existed before the time of Crom- well is as capable of demonstration as that Cromwell himself ever existed. It is really amusing to observe what inconsistent and opposite opinions are formed upon the same subject. According to one writer, Free Masonry was invented and employed by the adherents of the king ; according to another, it was devised by the friends of the Parliament. In the opinion of some it originated among the Jesuits, who used it for the promotion of their spiritual tyranny and superstition ; while others maintain that it arose among a number of unprincipled sceptics, who employed it for destroying the spiritual tyranny and superstition of the Jesuits.
It was about this time, according to Dr Robison, that Free Masonry was introduced into the continental kingdoms. After James II of England had abdicated the throne and taken refuge in France with several of his adherents, it is pr(»bable that they communicated additional spirit to the French Lodges ; but that the English refugees were the first who exported Masonry from Britain, or that they employed it for re-establit*liing the Stuart family on the English throne, it is impossible to prove. Such assertions Dr Robison has not only hazarded, but has employed them also as the foundation of defamatory conclusions, without adducing a single proof in their support. Notwithstanding the difficulty, however, of dctcrniiiiing the precise period when the principles of Free Masonry were imported into France, it is alloweil, by the universal con- sent of the continental Lodges, that it was of British origin ; and it is more than probable that the French received it from Scotland about the middle of the sixteenth century, during the minority of Queen Mary.
* Proofs of a Conspiracy, pp. 21, 22, and 99.
■ Pivati Art. Liberi Muratori auvero Francs Masons Venezia, quoted by Mr Clinch.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 57
It is well kDowQ that there was at that time a freer intercourse between Scotland and France than at any other period. Mary was then married to the heir-apparent of France, and Mary of Guise, sister to the French king, was at the same time Regent of Scot- land. In consequence of this intimate connection between the two kin/srdoms, French troops were sent to the assistance of the Scotch, who, residing many years in the country, and becoming habituated to the manners and customs of their allies, naturally carried away with them those customs which afforded them pleasure, and we know none could be more congenial to the taste and dispositions of Frenchmen than the ceremonial observances of Free Masonry. But it is not upon these considerations merely that our opinion depends. It receives ample confirmation from a fact of which Dr Hobison seems to have been totally ignorant. In the year 1G45, a particular jurisdiction for Masons, called Ma^onnerie, or Masonry, was established in France. All differences which related to the art of building were decided by particular judges, who were called Overseers of the Art of Masonry ; and several coun- sellors were appointed for pleading the causes which were referred to their decision. This institution has such a striking resemblance to the War<len Courts which existed in Scotland in the sixteenth century,' that it must have derived its origin from these. In both of them those causes only were decided which related to Masonry, and overseers were chosen in both for bringing these causes to a decision." As no similar tribunals were held in any other part of the world, and as the Warden Courts were first established in this country, it is almost certain that the French borrowed from Scotland the idea of their Masonic tribunal, as well as Free Masonry itself, at that period when there was such a free communication between the two kingdoms. Moreover, that the French received Free Masonry from Scotland maybe presumed from the singular pre-eminence which is always given by foreigners to Scottish Masonry, and from the degree of Chevalier Maqon Ecossais, which, as a mark of respect to Scotland, the French added to the three symbolical degrees of Masonry, about the beginning of the eighteenth century. Had Free Masonry not been introduced into France till after
^ MaQoonerie est aussi le nom d'une juiisdiction particuli^re pour les Magons : Elle se tient au palais k Paris, et les appellations sent port^es au parlement : cette jurisdiction au ^t^ etablie en 1645. Ceux qui rexcrcent sont appclles Generaux des (Euvres de Magonnerie de France. lis connoissent do differeuds entre les ocuvriers concernant le fait des batiments. La Magonnerie a des procureurs particulieres, differens de ceux de parlement, qui cependant peuventy plaider.— Dictiounaire de Trevoux, vol. v, p. 23.
■ Vido p. 61, tuptxi. ^ Vide Appendix, No. II.
58 THfi HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY.
the Rerolation of 1688, as Dr Robison affirms, it is wonderful how such a fact should have been so quickly forgotten, as thirty or forty years afterwards it was unknown at what period it had been received from Britain ; and if the exiled family had employed Free Masonry for over- turning the Hanoverian succession, it is still more strange that such a circumstance should be unknown in a country where concealment was certainly unnecessary. When any new custom is introduced into a Nation, the time of its introduction may be remembered for seventy or eighty years by one individual, without being committed to writing ; and though it be not of sufficient impoitance, tradition will preserve it from oblivion for a much greater length of time. If Free Masonry therefore never existed in France till 1688, is it not absurd to suppose that the establishment of such a singular institution should be utterly forgotten in the short period of little more than a quarter of a century ) But at whatever period, and from whatever source Free Masonry was introduced into France, it assumed there a very remarkable form. The attachment of that people to innovation and external finery produced the most unwarrantable alterations upon its principles and ceremonies. A number of new degrees were created ; the office-bearers were arrayed in the most splendid and costly attire ; and the Lodges were trans- formed into lecturing-rooms, where the more learned of the Brethren propounded the most extravagant theories, discussed abstruse questions in theology and political economy, and broached opinions which were certainly hostile to true religion and sound government. In the other countries pf the Continent similar innovations in a greater or less degree prevailed, while the British Lodges preserved the principles of the Craft in their original simplicity and excellence. Such dangerous innovations have not the slightest connection with the principles of Free Masonry ; they are the unnatural excrescences formed by heated imaginations, fostered by the interference of designing men. Those who reprehend it therefore for the changes which it underwent in the hands of foreigners, may throw equal blame upon religion because it has been a cloak for licentiousness and h3rpocri8y ; or upon science, because it has been converted into an instrument of iniquity. These changes arose alto- gether from the political condition of the countries where they were made. In France, and the other kingdoms of Europe where Popery was the ecclesiastical establishment, or where absolute power was in the hands of the monarch, the most slavish restraints were imposed upon the conduct and conversation of the people ; none durst utter his own sentiments, or converse upon such metaphysical subjects as militated against the theology and politics of the times. Under such restraints, speculative men in particular were highly dissatisfied. Thot<e
The H18TORY OF FREE MASOKRT. 59
powers which Providence had bestowed^ and on the exercise of which their happiness depended, were fettered by human laws ; and that liberty of speech restrained which tyranny had no right to control. For these reasons the meetings were freqnented by men of philosophical habits, who eagerly embraced an opportunity of enunciating their opinions, and discussing the favourite subjects of their study, without dreading the threats of government or the tortures of the Inquisition. In this view, the Lodges may be compared to little Republics, enjoying the rational liberties of human nature in the midst of an extensive empire enslaved by despotism and superstition. In the course of time^ however, that liberty was abused, and doctrines were propagated in the French and German Lodges which it is the duty and policy of every government to discover and suppress. But these corruptions had by DO means a necessary connection with Free Masonry, — they arose, as already remarked, out of the political condition of the continental kingdoms. In Britain the history of the Order is stained by no glaring corruptions or offensive innovations, more attention being paid to intrinsic value than external observances, — the Lodges bearing a greater resemblance to charitable institutions than to pompous and splendid assemblies. Blessed with a free constitution, and allowed every innocent liberty, we can express our sentiments with the great- est freedom, and discuss the errors of administration without any one to make us afraid. In such circumstances, British Masons are under no temptation to introduce into their Lodges religious and political discussions. The liberty of the press enables them to give the widest circulation to their opinions, however new or extravagant ; and they are liable to no punishment by publicly attacking the established religion of their country. The British Lodges, therefore, have retained their primi- tive purity ; they have been employed in no sinister cause ; and have neither harboured in their bosom traitors nor atheists.
While the Brethren in France were busily engaged in the decoration of their Lodges, the invention of new degrees, and trifling ceremonies, those in England were more wisely employed in enlarging the boun- daries of the royal art. About the beginning of the eighteenth century, during the reign of Queen Anne, Free Masonry appears to have declined rapidly in the southern parts of the sister kingdom. There, four Lodges only existed, and few hopes could be entertained of a revival while the seat of the Grand Lodge was at such a distance as the city of York. In such circumstances the four Lodges met in 1717, and in order to infuse vigour into their declining cause, and advance the interests of the Fraternity in their districts, they elected themselves into a Grand
60 THE HISTORY OP FREE MA60NRT.
Lodge^ and chose Anthony Sayer, Esq. for their first Grand Master. Thas was instituted The Grand Lodqr op England, which has now attained such prosperity and splendour. The motive which suggested this act was certainly laudahle and useful ; but every Brother must be aware that these Lodges were guilty of a great impropriety in omitting to request the countenance of the Grand Lodge of York. Notwithstanding this negligence, the greatest harmony existed between the two Grand Lodges till 1734, and, under the auspices of both, the Order flourished in every part of the kingdom, but particularly in the south of England, where it had formerly been in so Unguishing a con- dition. In 1735, however, the Grand Lodge of England having granted constitutions to Lodges within the district of York, without the consent of that Grand Lodge, incurred the displeasure of the York Masons to such a degree that the friendly intercourse which had formerly existed between them was for a time broken oflf.
In 1 739, some trifling innovations upon the ancient customs of the Order bavin:; been imprudently sanctioned by the Grand Lodge of England, several of the old London Masons were highly oflfended, and after seceding from the Grand Lodge, and pretending to act under the York consti- tution, they gave themselves the appellation of Ancient Masons, while they attached to those connected with the Grand Lodge the odious appellation of Moderns, who, in their opinion, never exi^^ted till 1717. After their secession the Ancient Masons continued to hold their meet- ings without acknowledging a superior till the year 1772, when they chose for tlicir Grand Master John, 3»l Duke of A thole, who was then Grand Master Elect for Scotland. Schisms in societies generally arise from misconduct on both sides, and the rule applies to the case now under considcnition. The Moderns undoubtedly departed from their usual caution and propriety of conduct by authorising the slightest innovation upon the ceremonies of an ancient institution, but the Ancients were guilty of a greater impropriety in being the active pro- moters of the schism, and still more by holding up their Brethren to the ridicule of the public.^
^ Much injury has been done to the cause of the Ancient Masons by a book entitled JAma;i.i?f2<m, written by Laurence Dermott, their Secretary. The unfair- ness with which he has stated the proceedings of the Moderns, the bitterness with which he treats them, and the quackery and vain plory with which he displays his own pretensions to superior knowledge, deserve to be reprobated by every class of Masons who are anxious for the purity of their Order, and the prehcrvation of that charity and mildness which ou^^ht to characterise all their proceedings. The candour and fairness with which this delicate subject is treated by Preston in his Illustrations of Masonry merit the highest en- comiums.
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 61
After the institution of the Grand Lodge of England in 1717, Free Masonry assumed a bolder and a more independent aspect. It was no longer confined to the British Isles or the capital of France, but was destined to irradiate every portion of the globe; and while the Grand Lodges of Scotland and England contemplated with pleasure the propa- gation of the royal art, their diligence was fully rewarded by the grati- tude an<l liberality of the Foreign Lodges for the gift which they had received.
In 1729 it was introduced into the East Indies, and a short timo after a Provincial Grand Master was appointed to superintend the Lodges in that quarter. In 1730 The Grand Lodge of Ireland was instituted ; Lodges were erected in diflferent parts of America ; and a provincial deputation granted to Monsieur Thuanus for the Circle of Lower Saxony. In 1731 a patent was sent from England to erect a Lodge at the Hague, in which Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorrain, afterwards Emperor of Germany, was initiated ; and Provincial Grand Masters were appointed for Russia, and Andalusia in Spain. In 1736 Lodges were erected at Geneva, and Cape Coast, in Africa, and provincial deputations 'were granted for Upper Saxony and the American Islands. In 1738 a Lodge was instituted at Brunswick under the patronage of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, in which Frederick III of Prussia was initiated when Prince Royal, and so pleased was His Highness with the maxims and cere- monies of the Order, that he ever afterwards was its most zealous sup- porter, and even requested that a Lodge should be established in the capital of his dominions.^ In this Lodge many of the German Princes were initiated, who afterwards filled the office of Grand Master with much honour to themselves and advantage to the Fraternity.
But while Free Masonry flourished in these different parts of the world it was doomed to undergo a variety of persecutions from the unfounded jealousies of despotic rulers, and the deep-rooted super- stition of the Catholic priests. These persecutions took their rise in Holland in the year 1735. The States-General were alarmed at the rapid increase of Free Masons, who held their meetings in every town under their government ; and as they could not believe that architecture and brotherly love were their only objects, they resolved to discounte- nance their proceedings. In consequence of this determination, an edict was issued by Government, stating, that though they had discovered nothing in the practices of the Fraternity either injurious to the interests
* [In 1855 Brother Carl von Dahlen of Berlin was appointed representative of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in the Royal York Grand Lodge of Prussia ; and io 1856, Brother Professor Aytoun ot Edinburgh was commissiooed to represent the latter in the Grand Lodge of Scotland.— £.]
62 THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
of the Republic or contrary to the character of good citizens, yet, in order to prevent any bad consequences which might ensue from such associ- ations, they deemed it prudent to abolish their assemblies. Notwith- standing this prohibition, a respectable Lodge havini^oontinued to meet privately at Amsterdam, intelligence was communicated to the authori- ties, who arrested all the members, and brought them to the Court of Justice. Before this tribunal, in presence of all the magistrates of the city, the masters and wardens boldly defended themselves, and declared upon oath that they were loyal subjects, faithful to their religion, and zealous for the interests of their country ; that Free Masonry was an institution venerable in itself, and useful to society ; and that though they could not reveal its secrets and ceremonies, they would assure them that they were neither contrary to the laws of God nor man ; that they would willingly admit into the Order any one of their number, from whom they might receive such information as would satisfy any reason- able mind. In consequence of these declarations the Brethren were dis- missed, and the town secretary requested to become a member of the Fraternity ; after initiation he returned to the Court of Justice, and gave sucH a favourable account of the principles and practice of the Society that all the magistrates became Brethren and patrons of the Fraternity.
After triumphing thus honourably over her persecutors in Holland, she had to contend in France with prejudices equally inveterate, though less impregnable. Although many persons of distinction defended its principles and expostulated with the Court upon the impropriety of severe measures, their assemblies were abolished in 1737, under the com- mon pretence that beneath their inviolable secrets they might cover some dreadful design hostile to religion and dangerous to the kingdom. But when these ebullitions of party spirit had subsided, the prohibition of Government was gradually forgotten, and the Fraternity in France recovered its former prosperity.
In Germany, too, the tranquillity of the Order was interrupted by the malice of some ignorant women. The curiosity of the female sex being proverbial, a few German ladies who possessed a greater share of it than was agreeable, were anxious to discover the secrets of Free Masonry ; but being baffled in all their attempts, they converted their curiosity into revenge, and attempted to inflame the mind of Maria Theresa, the Empress Queen, against the Lodges in Vienna. Their scheme was in some measure successful, as they persuaded her to issue an order for surprising all the Masons in the city when assembled in their Lodges. This plan, however, was frustrated by the intervention of the Emperor Joseph I, who being himself a Mason, declared his readiness to answer for their
TOE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 63
conduct, and showed the ladies and their friends that the charges which they had brought against the Order were entirely groundless.
When the flame of persecution is once kindled, its devastations are seldom confined to the country where it originated. The example of one Nation is urged as an excuse for the conduct of another ; and like the storm on the sandy desert, its effects are ruinous in proportion to its progress. In Holland and France the hostility of the legislature against Free Masonry was in a short time disarmed. But when the flame reached the Ecclesiastical States of Italy it broke out with more ungo- yemable rage, — its eflects were more cruel, and its duration more lengthened. In 1738 a formidable bull was thundered from the conclaye, not only against Free Masons themselves, but against all those who promoted or favoured their cause, — who gave them the smallest counte- nance or advice, or who were in any respect connected with a body of men who, in the opinion of his Holiness, were enemies to the tranquillity of the State, and hostile to the spiritual interest of souls. Notwithstand- ing the severity of this bull, which threatened excommunication to every offender, no particular charge either of a moral or political nature is brought against a single individual of the Order. It is merely stated that the Fraternity had spread far and wide, and were daily increasing ; that they admitted men of every religion into their Society^ and that they bound their members by oath to preserve with inviolable secrecy the mysteries of their Order. These circumstances, indeed, were suf- ficient grounds for exciting the Church of Rome to oppose a system 60 contrary to her superstitious and contracted views in religion and government.
This bull was followed by an edict, dated 14th January 1739, contain- ing sentiments equally bigoted, and enactments equally severe. The servitude of the gallies, the tortures of the rack, and a fine of a thousand crowns in gold, were threatened to persons of every description who were daring enough to breathe the infectious air of a Masonic assembly.
About a month after this edict was issued, a decree was emitted by his Holiness, condemning a French book entitled " an Apology for the Society of Free Masons," and ordering it to be burnt by the ministers of justice in one of the most frequented streets of Rome. Did his Holi- ness imagine that by purloining a grain from a magazine of gunpowder the explosion would be less tremendous ? or, that by consuming a copy of a trifling tract he could suppress its circulation, restrain the inclina- tions and energies of the mind, and blunt those social and benevolent afiections which unite by an indissoluble tie the members of a society
Where Christians, Jews, and Turks, and Pagans stand. One blended throng, one undistinguiahed band.
04 THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
In consequence of these enactments at Rome, the Catholic clergy of Holland, in 1 740, attempted to enforce obedience to the commands of their superiors. It was customary among the priests of that country to examine the religious qualifications of those who requested a certificate to receive the holy sacrament. Taking advantage of their spiritual power, they concluded their examination of the candidates by asking if they were Free Masons ; if they were, the certificate was refused, and they were expelled for ever from the communion table. Having exerted their authority by the expulsion of several respectable individuals, the subject excited general attention, and after numerous pamphlets had been published in defence of both parties, the States -General interfered, and prohibited them from asking questions that were un- connected with the religious character of the applicants.
Several Brethren of distinction in Germany, though steady friends to the Church of Rome, disapproved highly of her proceedings against the Fraternity, and were anxious to preserve the Order from that ruin to which it seemed fast approaching. In order to effect this they instituted a new association, formed upou the same principles, and proposing to itself the same object. The members were denominated Mopses, from the German word mops, denoting a young mastiff, which was deemed a proper emblem of the mutual fidelity and attachment of the Brethren. But, that they mi;^'lit preserve the mysteries of Free Masonry from those members of the new association who were not Masons, they rejected from their ritual all the Masonic ceremonies, words, and signs ; and that they nii«,'ht escape the vengpance of the Romish Church they softened all those parts of the institution which had a tendency to pive offence to narrow ami superstitious minds : Instead, therefore, of bind- ing the members by an oath, they took their word of honour that they would never reveal the mysteries and ceremonies of the Order. It is well known to every person acquainted with the History of Masonry, that the exclusion of ladies has been a fertile source of calumny against the Brethren. It was supposed that actions were performed in the Lodges inconsistent with the delicacy of the female sex ; and, as in tlie case of the Knight Templars, that the most unnatural crimes were per- petrated and authorised. In order to avoid this ground of defamation the Mopses admitted women into their Lodges, who were allowed to hold any office except that of Grand Mopso. The Association of the M(»p8cs were patronised by some of the most illustrious charac- ters in Cicnnany ; the Lodges consistod of the most respectable members of the community, and several of the Princes of the Empire were Grand Masters of their Order. The admission of Protestants or heretics into the Mason Lodges of Catholic countries gave great offence
TUB HISTORY OF FUEE Ml^SONUY. G5
to the Church of Rome, and was one of the causes which prompted the severity of her proceedings ; aware of this circumstance, the Mopses resolved to initiate into their mysteries none hut the steady friends of the Catholic communion. This, however, was merely a pretence to deceive his Holiness, as they admitted into their Order, without scruple, men of every religion and country.
As the hulls of the Pope had no authority in Switzerland, Free Masonry flourished in that Republic till 1745, when a most unaccountable edict was issued by the Council of Rome, ppohibiting its assemblies under the severest penalties. No reason was assigned by the Council for their conduct ; no charges were advanced against any of the Brethren, — the Council of Bcr;]o were terrified for secret associations, and on this account, forsooth, they must persecute that of the Free Masons. More intolerant in their bigotry, and more cruel in their conduct than the Church of Rome, they were not satisfied with abolishing all the Lodges in the Republic ; every Free Mason in Switzerland must accuse himself before the magis- trates of the district ; he must renounce his obligations to secrecy, and swear, in the presence of the great God of Heaven, to trample upon those engagements which, before the same Being, he had sworn to revere. Such an instance of tyranny over the minds and consciences of men is a remarkable fact in the history of a Republic where the Reformed Religion had been protected from its infancy, and where the Brethren had always conducted themselves with exemplary propriety. * The severe treatment, therefore, which they experienced, must have originated in some private quarrel between the members of the Council and the Fraternity, as it could neither be prompted by patriotic motives, by regard for the welfare of the State, nor the safety of individuals. But notwithstanding these proceedings. Free Masonry was subsequently revived, and practised without molestation, though with less eagerness and success than in the other States of Europe.
During these persecutions, of which we have only given an outline, many of the Order underwent the severest treatment ; and in their relief was strongly exemplified that practical benevolence which Free Masons are taught to cherish towards their Brethren in distress. In 1739, after Pope Eugenius had issued his bull against Free Masonry, one Crudeli was imprisoned at Florence by the Inquisition, and suffered the most unmerited cruelties for maintaining the innocence of the
* Free Afasoury seems to have been directly imported into Switzerland from Great Britain ; as a deputation was granted by the Grand Lodge of England for erecting a Lodge at Lausanne, in the Canton of Berne, in the year 1739. It could not^ therefore, in so short a time, be corrupted by those offensive inno- t'ations which were superinduced upon it in France.
Go THR HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
Order. Upon tlic Grand Lodge of England being informed of bis miserable situation, they, recollecting that a Brother of whatever rank or country had a claim upon their sympathy, generously transmitted to him twenty pounds for procuring the necessaries of life, and exert- ed all their influence for eflfecting his liberation. A Brother confined at St Sebastian experienced from this body similar attention and generosity. At Lisbon^ in 1742, James Mouton, a French artist, and John Coustos, a native of Berne, were imprisoned by the Inquisition. They were accused of belonging to a society which pennitted sodomy, and were commanded to unfold the true design of Free Masonry. Upon their defending the innocence and utility of the institution, they were extended on the rack, in expectation that a confession would be extorted by its torments. Force, how- ever, hatl no control over minds conscious of integrity. Coustos niaintaiiio<l his innocence after being thrice stretched on this instrument of agony, and was at last sentenced to walk in the procession of the A uto (la Fe, and serve in the gallies for four years. At the instance of the English Brethren, George II authorised the British Minister at Lisbon to demand his liberation from the King of Portugal, which was granted in 1744, after a dreadful confinement of two years and a half.
From such scenes of barbarity it is pleasing to turn to examples of beuovolenco and generosity, and as the consideration of these is alwavs gratifyin;^ to a humane mind, they certainly deserve to be record- ed in a History of Free Masonry. In 1748 Monsieur Prevorot, a gentle- man in the navy, and brother of the celebrated M. Preverot, doctor of ino^licine in the faculty at Parin, was unfortunately shipwrecked on an islantl the governor of which was a Free Mason, who, hearing of his mis- fortune, and learning that he too was a Brother, conducted him to his house, where he was fiirninhed with all the comforts of life till a ship bound for France toiielie«l at the place. Before his departure his bene- factor loaded him wiih presents, and gave him as much money as was necessary for carryin;,' him into his native country.
In the battle of Dettiiigen, in 174*3, one of the king's guards having hi8 horse killed under him, got so entangled as to be unable to extricate himself. While he was in this condition, an English dragoon galloped up to him, and, with his uplifted sabre, was about to deprive him of life. The French ooldier with much dilliculty made the «igns of Masonry, which the <lra:;«)on reco;,^nisiug, not only saved his life, but freed him from his pcriloius situation, — making him of course a prisoner, as the Fraternal tics cannot dissolve those of patriotism.
In 1740, Free Masonry was introduced into Bohemia, and eagerly embraced by all the <listinguished persons in the city of Prague. They
TUB HISTORY OF FKEB MASONRY. G7
tonned themselves Scotch Masons, and were remarkably strict as to the character of those whom they admitted into the Order, and performed with punctuality those duties which they owe to the Brethren^ as is strikingljf exemplified in the following story. A Scotch gentleman in the Prussian service was taken prisoner at the battle of Lutzen, and, with four hundred of his companions-in-arms was conveyed to Prague ; as soon as it was known that he was a Mason he was released from confinement, invited to the tables of the most distinguished citizens ; and requested to consider himself more in the character of a Brother than as a prisoner of war. About three months after the engagement an exchange of prisoners took place, and the Scotch officer was presented by the Fraternity with a purse of sixty ducats to defray the expenses of his journey.^
The persecutions which the Craft had hitherto endured had been confined to the Continent, but the tide of religious frenzy now rolled to the shores of Britain. In 1745 the Associate Synod attempted to disturb the peace of the Fraternity ; and, had they been possessed of half the power of the Church of Rome or the Council of Berne, their proceedings, prompted byequal fanaticism, would have been marked with the same severity ; but fortunately their power extended only to the spiritual concerns of those who were of the same sect with them- selves. In the beginning of that year an overture was laid before the Synod of Stirling, stating that many improper things were performed at the initiation of Free Masons, and requesting that the Synod would consider whether or not the members of that Order were entitled to partake in the ordinances of religion. The S3mod remitted this overture to all the kirk- sessions under their jurisdiction, allowing them to act as they thought proper. In 1755, however, they appointed the said tribunals to examine every person who was suspected of being a Free Mason, and demand an explicit answer to any question which they might ask concerning the administration of the Mason Oath. In the course of these examinations they discovered (for they seem hitherto to have been ignorant of it) that men who were not architects were admit- ted into the Order. On this account, the Synod, in 1757, thought it necessary to adopt stricter measures, and forthwith drew up ajist of foolish questions which they appointed every kirk-session to put to those under their charge. These questions related to what they thought were the ceremonies of Free Masonry ; and those who refused to answer them were debarred from religious ordinances. The object of these pro- ceedings was not certainly, as is pretended, to make those Brethren who
* Several striking and curious iDstances of the extensive bcnovolenco of Free Masons may be Been in Smith's Use and Abuse of Free Masonry, pp. 374, 377, 37S, &c.
68 ^ THB DISTORT OF FRBB MA80NRT.
belonged to the Associate Synod more holy and npright, by detaching them from the Fraternity, as this ooald have been effected without that fpecies of examination which they authorized ; the Church of Rome was content with dispersing the Craft, and receiving its repentant mem- bers into her communion ; the Coundl of Berne went no fiuther than the abolition of the society, and compelling the Brethren to renounce their engagements, lest these should be inconsistent with the duties of citizens : But a Synod of Scotch Dissenters, who could not imitate in these points the Church of Rome and the Council of Berne, must forsooth outstrip them in another, inasmuch as they attempted to compel the Free Masons of their congregations to give them kn account of those mysteries and cere- monies which their avarice or fear hindered them from obtuning by regular initiation. And what, pray, was to become of those perjured men, from whom such information was obtained 9 They were promised admission into the ordinances of religion 1 as if they were now purified beings, from whom something worse than a demoniac had been ejected.^
Notwithstanding persecution, and numerous unlocked for obstacles^ Free Masonry has ever steadily progressed, and as it has hitherto been, so is it yet justly held in the highest esteem wherever introduced. In 1743 it was exported from Scotland to Denmark, and the Lodge which was then instituted is now the Grand Lodge of that kingdom. The same prosperity has attended the first Lodge in Sweden, which was erected at Stockholm in 1754, under a patent from Scotland. Nume- rous Charters have from time to time been granted for the erection of Lodges under the Scotch jurisdiction in various parts of the world : While at home, the countenance and co-operation of the Grand Loilge of Scotland, and those Lodges depending on her, has been anxiously sought for in laying the foundations of the principal public buildings both in the Metropolis and throughout the country ; more- over, she has been the honoured instrument of dispensing charitable relief not only to a vast number of the indigent and distressed among the Brethren, but also, when particular exigencies called for such extension of her charity, to many individuals not members of the Craft.
In 1765, a splendid apartment was erected at Marseilles for the accommodation of the Brethren. It was adorned with the finest paintings, representing the most interesting scenes that occur in
^ It is remarkable that the Grand Lod^ of Scotland did not take the slightest notice of these proceedings. A paper, however, entitled *' An Impartial Kxaininatiou of the Act of the Associate Synod/* written with great humour, and acutcness of reasoning, appeared in the Edinburgh Magazine for 1757. The Act of the Associate Synod was published in the Scots Magazine for the same year.
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 60
the bistory of the Old and New Testament, and calculated to remind the spectator of his various duties as a man, a subject, and a Christian. The representation of Joseph and bis brethren, of the Samaritan and Jew, of Lot and the Angels, must have reminded every Brother of the beauty of charity and forgiveness, which are the first principles of Masonry, as they are the first duties of man. The picture of Peter and the Apostles paying tribute to Csesar, must have recalled to every individual his obligations as a citizen to revere and support the constituted authorities. And the representation of Job in hie misfortunes lifting up his hands to Heaven, must have forced upon the minds of the most inconsiderate this important reflection — that fortitude and resignation to the will of God are the duties of all in dis- tress, and that the Divine blessing will ultimately attend those who bear without murmuring the chastisements of their Father, and preserve, amidst the severest trials, their patience and virtue unimpaired/ These observations, apparently trifling, are important in one respect, as they show that the French Lodges had not at that time fostered in their bosom the votaries of scepticism and disloyalty. The other Lodges in France were at this time numerous and magnificent : The Grand Lodge contained about twenty oftices, which were filled by noblemen of the highest rank. They had Provincial Grand Masters similar to those of Scotland ; and the insignia and jewels of all those office-bearers were as rich and splendid &8 the Lodges in which they assembled.
In 1767, a Lodge, under an English constitution, was established at Berlin, under the appellation of Le lioyale York,^m honour of His Royal Highness the Duke of York, who was initiated therein while travelling on the Continent. In 1768, the Brethren in Germany were authorised to hold their assemblies by a charter granted by the King of Prussia, the Elector of Saxony, and the Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and afterwards ratified by the Emperor of Germany himself. By another charter from England, in 1769, a Lodge was erected at Brunswick, which, in 1770, became the Grand Lodge of that part of Germany. Its Grand Master was Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, who, a short time after, received a provincial deputation from England for superintending the Lodges in Lower Saxony. In 1773 a convention was entered into between the Grand Lodge of England under Lord Petre, and the Grand Lodge at Berlin under the Prince of Hesse Darmstadt, which had a few years before been duly erected into a Grand Lodge at a meeting of masters and wardens of twelve regular Lodges ; in this compact it was stipulated that the Grand Lodge of Berlin should be
' For a farther account of this building, see Smith's Use and Abuse of Free ^lasonry, p. 165. * [Vide also p. 61, «*pra.— E.]
^%
7(^^ THS nsnroiiT of fsbb masonry.
Mknowledged n» the Gnwd Lodge of the whole Empire of Oemuuiy, including the dominione of his Profioan Majesljr ; tiiai it should ezeieise no Masonic power out of the Brnpie <^ Germany, or within the district under the authority of Uie Grand Lodge of Brunswick ; that the Electo- rate of Hanorer should be ftee to both the Grand Lodges in Germany ; and thai tiie oontraoting parties should unite their efforts to eottnteiaet ail innovations in Masonry, and particukriy the proceedings of a set <^ Masons in Berlin, who, under the denomination of Striete OimenKmbf, had annihilated their former constitntionsy eteoted Aensdfes into a Grand Lodge, and sanctioned rery improper inaovatiotts vfim die prindples and cerraionies of the Qrdw. This eontncl was hl^^ify* approred of by the King of Prussia^ who immediately eieeted tibe Grand Lodge of Beriia into a oorporate body, and became^ in 1777| Batron or Protector of all the Masons in Germany ; Ferdinand, Dake Of Brans- wick and Lunenbnrgh, fiUiog the office df Grand Master of all the united Lodges in that country.
In Germany, Denmark, and Sweden, charity-schods weie erseted by the Lodges for educating Uie children of Free Mascms whose pererty debarred them from this adrantage. In. that which was formed at Brunswick they were instructed in classical learning and Tarions branches of mathematics, and were regularly examined by the Duke of Bruuswick, who rewarded the most deserving with suitable premiums. At Eisenach, sereral seminaries of this kind were established, the teachers were endowed with fixed salaries, and in a short time after their institution they sent into the world 700 children instructed in the principles of science and the doctrines of Christianity. In 1771 an establishment of a similar kind was formed at Cassel, in which the children were maintained and educated till they could provide for them- selves. In 1773 the united Lodges of Dresden, Leipsic, and Gorlitz, erected at Frederickstadt a seminary for children of every denomina- tion in the Electorate of Saxony ; the Masonic subscriptions were so numerous that the funds of the institution were sufficient for its mainten- ance, and in the space of five years above 1100 children received a liberal education. In the same year an extensive workhouse was erected at Prague, in which the children were not only instructed in the rudi- mentary principles of education, but in those branches also of the useful and fine arts which might qualify them for conmiercial and agricultural situations. It deserves to be remarked that the founders of these institutions, amid their anxiety for the public prosperity, never neglected the spiritual interests of the children ; they saw that early piety is the foundation of all that is useful and honourable in life, and that without this, speculative knowledge and practical skill are of little avail. How
THE UISTORY OP FREE MASONRY.
ineonsistent are such facts with those £Eibttloas accounts of the German Lodges which have been published in England by a few party men.
While these things were taking place in Germany, the Brethren in Portugal were exposed to the persecutions of its bigoted rulers. Major Francois d*Alincourt, a Frenchman, and Don Oyros de Orncllas Pracao, a Portuguese nobleman, were imprisoned in 1766 by the Governor of Madeira for their attachment to their Order. Being afterwards carried to Lisbon, they were confined fourteen months, till they were released by the generous intercession of the Brethren in that city. In the fol- lowing year several Free Masons were confined in Naples, but were shortly after liberated by the eloquence of an Italian advocate, aided by the intercession of Foreign princes.
Notwithstandingthe persecutions which the Fraternity had experienced in Holland, Free Masonry flourished in tliat Republic. In 1770 a treaty was entered into between the Grand Lodge of Holland, held at the Hague, and that of Fngland. It was stipulated that the former should be permitted to erect Lodges within her territories both at home and abroad, and to appoint Provincial Grand Masters over each district. In consequence of this accession of power to the Grand Lodge of Hol- land, Free Masonry made great progress under its auspices in the Dutch settlements in India, Africa, and South America.
In 1775 a new secret association arose in Germany, which was sup- posed to have taken its rise from Free Masonry, and to have planned a conspiracy against every religious and political establishment in Europe. This was the Order of the Illuminati, founded by Dr Adam \\'eisliaupt. Professor of Canon Law in the University of Ingolstadt. In this Society speculative opinions were inculcated which were certainly inconsistent with the principles of religion and social order; but that Illumin- ism originated from Free Masonry, that it brought about the French Revolution, or even planned any dangerous conspiracy, are circumstances for which the shadow of a proof has never yet been adduced. Dr Robison indeed expressly affirms that Illuminism " took its rise among the Free Masons, but was totally dilTerent from Free Masonry ; " and, by a deceitful anachronism, he represents Weisliaupt as an active member in the German Lodges, before he acquaints bis readers that ho was the founder of the Illuminati, for no other reason than to make them believe that Weisliaupt was a Free Mason before he planned his new institution.^ Now the truth was quite the roverdo. Barrucl asserts ^ that it is a fact demonstrated beyond doubt that Weishaupt
* Proofs of a Conspiracy, Introduction, p. xv, and p. 101. [Ah this is the last time we >hall have occasion to quote this work, it mav be remarked that
T2^ Tire uiCTOHY OF ruEfi MAsoirar. ^^^^
becatiie a Free Mason only id 1777; ami tW two ycuta before tW, when be cstaMislied Illuminism, be was totally un acquainted witb tho myet^Tiea of Free Ma«onry/' » Hero tLen is au ioiportuut &tatvTiieDt wbicb strikes at the root of all Dr Kobison^s reasoniDg against Frpe Mii^nry. Barruel inniDtaitis that Wei^haupt was But a Mason till two years ufter the organization of bis new Society, and Dr R obi son Liiii^olf ^ alJowa tbat llluminisni was totally iliffereDt from Free Masonry. The tvo instituttoDSj therefore^ were wLolly uuconnected ; for Uie mcmberfl of the one were never admitted into tbe Lo<lgos of the other witliout being regubrly initiated into the mysteries of both. Upon these simple fact* wo would arrffli tb© attention of every reader, and tbose in parti* ' cular who have been cajolled out of their aenaes by the nnit«d exertions of a pricfit and a philosopher
Wejsbanpt^ straining every ncrvo to disj^etninato hi? principlcSj in 1777 beoame a Free Mason ; and attempted, by weans of einiaiairie=, to circulate his opinions among the French and German Lodges, and m these Attempts ho v^as indeeil uometiniea succesafah Bnt it should b^ recollected hy those who calumniate Free Masonry on this account, that . the same objection may be urg&l againist Chrtstianityf because impostors ^ bavc sometimes gained pros^^lytes and perverted the warerini; minds of the multitude. These doctrines, bowerer, were not merely eirculatoii by Weisbaapt in a few of the Lodges, and taagbt at the assemblies of the Illuminati ; they were published to the world in the most fascinat- ing form by the French Encyclopsedists, and inculcated witb all the eloquence of some of the most celebrated philosophers on the Continent Such is a short, and it is to be hoped an impartial view of the origin and progress of the lUuminatL We shall now advert to the causes from which it sprung, and the advantages and disadvantages which it may have engendered.
About the middle of the eighteenth century, the literati on the Con- tinent were divided into two great parties. The one may be considered as ex-Jesuits, or adherents to the Catholic superstition, who were promoters of political and religious despotism, and inculcated the doc- trines of non-resistance and passive obedience. The other was com- posed of men who were friends to the Reformed Religion, enemies of superstition and fanaticism, and supporters of the absurd doctrine of the
at the time of its publication io 1797 it enjoyed a great popalarity. Dr Robi- son, who, in early life, had been a naval officer, then ably filled the chair of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. Time has fully refuted the ** Proofs, " and the volume is now known only by the curious. — E.]
^ Memoirs of Jacobinism, Part III. Preliminary Observations, p. xv, and p. 12.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
iDfiDite perfectibility of tbe Imman mind. They were dissatisfied with that slavery which was imposed by the despotism of the coDtioental rulers, and the superstition of the Church of Rome ; and many of them entertained opinions adverse to tho Christian religion, and to every existing form of government. Between these two parties there was a perpetual struggle for power. The ex-Jesuits accused their opponents as heretics and promoters of Jacobinism and infidelity ; while the others were constantly exposing the intrigues of the priests, and tbe tyranny of despots. To this latter class Weishaupt and his associates belonged, and instituted the Order of the Illuminati for no other purpose than to oppose those corrupted priests who degraded them as Christians, and those tyrannical despots who enslaved them as citizens. Tho collision of these parties was undoubtedly productive of the greatest advantages : While the Jesuits restrained the inclination of one part of the commu- nity to overrate the dignity of the human mind, and anticipate ideal Tisions of religious and political perfection ; the Illuminati counteracted those gloomy opinions which debase tho dignity of our nature, which check the energies of tho mind, and impose the most galling yoke of religious and political servitude. Both were, without doubt, deserving of blame. But had either of them prevailed, the triumph of the Illumi- nati would certainly have been the most desirable. As Christians we would glory in the downfall of that Papal hierarchy which has so long deluded and enslaved the world ; as men we would rejoice at the over- throw of every throne which is raised upon the ruins of civil liberty and domestic happiness ; and as Britons we wish that all our brethren of mankind should enjoy those religious and political privileges which have so long been the admiration of our friends, and the envy of our enemies.
After the French Revolution, which, as Mounier has well shown, arose from other causes than those to which Farruel and Robison ascribe it, tbe plans of these parties were not carried on in Germany so systemati- cally as before ; and, notwithstanding the fabrications with which Barruel has calumniated the Lodges in that country. Free Masonry is still in the ascendant — respected by the most virtuous and scientific members of the community, and patronised by the most distinguished princes of the empire. There the qualifications for a Free Mason are i^reat and numer- ous. No person is initiated into the Order without the consent of every member of the Lodge ; and it frequently happens that even a German is excluded by a single dissenting voice. On this account, tho Lodges are filled with persons of the first rank and respectability, every thing being conducted with the greatest decorum and solemnity, and an Englishman will obtain an easier introduction to the nobility and literati
TUU atftTDRY or rRUR MAJSO.NRV.
in & Fne^ Mason Lf>d^ tbao io any cthar p!ace, and will ndv«r repent of having been initiated Into the Order, ^
NotwitlisLandiog the pabli cation of the wurka of Barruel attJ Robison, Free Maaonry h&s ever been ro^TirdeJ with tlie great^jst respect and &vour by tie GoTeroraeat of this country. When tbe Act for ih^i sup- pression of sotlitioua and trcDisonahio societies waa passoil in 171H>, by which it was lieclared illegal for any body of men to rofjuiro from their members an oath or test not authorised by law, an express e^ceinption was introdnoed in favanr of Free Maaon liodges; anil the Act a gain at seditious meetings, paa^ed in 1817, eontained a eiuiibr provision. Thcee eJtemptions are not only honourable to the loyalty and piuJenco of Dritisb Mu^uni^, hut are jpi^ttfying testimonies to tbe pure principles of the Fmternity. Dr Robison indeed asaerte that the emi*sanfie of cor- rupted Free Masonry and lUumlnism were lurkio^Mn the British Empire, and plotting lis deatrnctiou^ hut these were uevcr di^covert^l within the circuit of our ielandj and certainly never polluted by their presence the preeincta of tlie British Lodgee.
* Dr itendui''ti Tour tlirqajrU Gvnnaoy, [QtroducUon to vol. i, pp. 30, 33. n*j
niabtnJDf^ Ibat Frfo Mnwjiry Im^ j^rc^altj improved tho manners mid di^pubi- tions Qf tho Genuau0» veh ii| p. 200, ntAc.
1
TUB HISTORY OP FREE MABONRY. 75
" CHAPTER V.
THE ROYAL ORDER OR HEREDOM DE KILWINNING.
The Knights of the Temple were introduced into Scotland before 1153 by King Darid the First, who established them at Temple, on the Soiith- eak,^ and who was so attached tu the brotherhood, that we are told by an Ad historian ** Sanctus David de prceclara Militia Templi optimos
* Id the fourteenth century a general movement was made to suppress The Order of the Temple wherever it had obtained a footing, and on pages 31 33, iupra^ we sketched the severe persecution to which the Knights were subjected in France in the reign of Philip the Fair ; that, and those which took place elsewhere, did not however close the History of the Order, — though spoliated it was not annihilated. Some remnants survived the ordeal ; one of these found an asylum in Portugal on condition of changing its name to that of " Knights of Christ," becoming a more honorary Order, and vesting in the Crown the right of nominating its members : Another found a retreat in Scotland, and doubtless joined those of their Brethren already located there, an outlino of whose history forms the subject of this chapter. It is maintained that a third, and the only legitimate branch, has been maintained in Franco by a Charter granted by Jacques do Molay himself, before his martyrdom, and which has been regularly transmitted and signed by a succession of Grand Masters, the highest Nobles in France, to the present date; and though doubts have been thrown on the antiquity of this document, yet it is certain that it boars tho authentic signature of the Regent Duke of Orleans in 1705, and thus has the sanction of a sovereign authority. The late Duke of Sussex and Earl of Durham were for a long time respectively Grand Priors of England and Scotland in this Order, and the celebrated Admiral Sir Sidney Smith died one of its principal chiefs. The Marquis de Magny speaks of it as recognized in tho North of Europe and elsewhere, and further information may be obtained respecting it in his work, in Mill's Chivalry, and in the Chevalier Bumes's Sketch of the Tem- plars. The present body of Knight Templars in Scotland merely claim to be tho legitimate descendants, by adoption, of the original Knights of the Order.
' The original name of Temple, on the Southesk, according to Chalmers, was Balantrodach. In the Chartular of Aberdeen the Preceptory is styled *• domus Templi do Balantradock ;" and in the Chartular of the Abbey of Newbattle we find mentioned, " Magister ot Fratres Templi de Blentodoch," which is a con- traction or corruption of tho same term. The place became known by the de- ngnation of Temple only after the establishment of the Order there. This was
fratf«5 aecam retineOB, €0S diebus et noctibus moram anomin fecit esse custodes."^ Malcolm, tbe grandeor of l>avid, conferred on tLe Brethren '^ xn libemm ct punttn ElymosyxtAm utiiitu ptenfirium Tofttini iu «)uo]ib(>t Burgo totiua terras," whicb fonudation was enlarged by Lis gucceaaora William the IJon and Alexander the Second. The charter of the latter is ^tili in the possession of Lord Torpliicben, whereby be grauta and cenfimia *' Deo et fratribua Templi Salomotiis do Jerti^lem emiies illaa recti tttdineit, libortatie et consuetudiaes qua* Rex David et Kex Malcolm et decerns pater mens Rex Willie1mu« ei^ doderunt et coDceesemnt^ aiciit eoripta coram autbentica attestant/' Tliis eurious document, after ennmerating certain of these rl^^bta and liberties, acDieet,^ — the king'a sure peace; tbe priviiegt* of buying, selling, and trruling with all his subjects ; freedom from all tribute and toll, J:c., proceeds " Et nulltis eU injoritim faciat, vel fieri conj^entiat anper meam defenaioncni. Bt ubicunque in tota terra me:i ad jndiorura (7. Jtulictum) venerint, causa eorum primum tractate, et prius rectum suam habeant, et postea faeiant, Et nulliis ponat homioem prcdtctorum fnitrum nostroruiH ad furain judicii St nnluerintj 6rc. Et onines libertates et eonsaetudluea c[uaa jpai per aliaa region ea bribent in terra mea ubi^ue habeant."
Theae j^eueral privileges, tbron^bout Earope^ were very extenaitre* Tlie Teniplura were freed from all titbea to the Churchy and their priests were entitled to celebrate mass, and to absolve from sins to the same extent as bishops, — a privilege which was strongly objected to by the
the head-quarters of the Grand Preceptors of Scotland, and became, at the suppression of the Templars, attached to the Hospital of St John. In the 15th century Sir William Knolls, Grand Preceptor of St John's, obtained an Act of Parliament changing the old name into that of the barony of St John, but the people never conformed to the alteration. Part of the foundations of the original convent were dug up about a century ago. The ancient chapel of the Temple continued to be used till lately as the parish kirk ; but it is now partly dilapidated, in consequence of a new church having been built. .On the eastern gable there is an antique inscription, formed with lead run into the letters, which appears to be as follows : —
V -ffi 8 A C M T H M.
These letters, when extended, may signify, Vita Sacrum MUttt^e Templi Hiero- aoli/mitani ; or, Vir^ni jEdem Sacram MilUice Templi ffierosolymce Majiiter ; sup- plying condidtt or conaectnvit. The Virgin Mary, it is well known, was the patroness of the Order. What monstrous mysteries would not the ingenious Von Hammer make these letters the vehicle of revealing ! In tbe second line the learned German could not fail to discover tbe presence of the Metis or Tau of the Gnostics, whose doctrines, he insists, the Templars held, as attested by their monumental remains, and by coins or medals imagined to refer to them. ^ Book of Cupar, quoted in Father Hay*s MS.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 77
lutter. Their Hoases possessed the right of sanctuary or asjlam for Gnminals. They could be witnesses in their own cause, and were exempted from giving testimony in that cause of others. They were relieved by the Papal bulls from all taxes, and from subjection and obedience to any secular power. By these great immunities the Order was rendered in a manner independent ; but it would appear, neverthe- less, that both the Templars and Hospitallers considered themselves Bubjects of the countries to which they belonged, and took part in the National wars, for we find by the Ragman Roll, "Frere Johan de Saatre, Mestre de la Cheualorie del Temple en Escoce," and another Brother, swearing fealty to Edward I in 1296 ; and the author of the Annals of Scotland, noticing the Battle of Falkirk, 12th July 1298, ieforms. us, that the only persons of note who fell were Brian le Jay,^ Master of the English Templars, and the Prior of Torphichen in Scotland^ a Knight of another Order of religious soldiery. The former of these Chevaliers met his death by the hand of the redoubted Sir William Wallace, who advanced alone from the midst of his little band, and slew him with a single blow, albeit he was a knight of high military renown.
Little is known of the farther history of the Knight Templars in Scotland from the time of Alexander II to the beginning of the 14th century, except that their privileges were continued to them by succeeding kings, whoso bounty and piety were in those ages continually directed towards the religious Orders. By their endowments, and the bequests of the nobles, the possessions of the Fraternity came to be so extensive that their lands were scattered " per totum regnum Scotice, a limitibus versus Angliam, et sic discendo per totum regniim usque ad Orchades." Besides the House of the Temple, in Mid-Lothian, the following Establishments or Priories may be enumerated, viz. St Ger- mains, in East Lotbian ; Inchynan, in Renfrewshire ; Maryculter, in Kincardineshire ; Aggerstone, in Stirlingshire ; Aboyne, in Aberdeen- shire ; Derville or Derval, in Ayrshire ; Dinwoodie, in Dumfriesshire ; Red-abbeyHStedd, in Roxburghshire ; and Temple Listen, in West- Lothian.
The date of the spoliation of the Templars in Scotland corresponds of course with that of the persecution of the Order in other countries, but it is to the credit of our forefathers that wo can obtain no account of any member having been subjected to personal torture or suffering amongst them ; their estates, however, appear to have been duly trans-
* The drawbridge across the Forth and Clyde Union Canal at Briansford, corrupted to, and now known as Bainsford, in the vicinity of Falkirk, is traditionally believed to be the scene of the English Templar's death.
7S m alSTOBT ov fbbb masovut.
f«md to tiie poiMMkni of theur rivftk the Kaigki HoBpiteUers; into whiefa OrdoTy Jike tlietr Brathrai in England, it is not impiobdble that m nmnber of tho Taaplan enterad.
In November 1W8, John de Solemre, the Pkpel Le^^Uie, mad WilUam, Bidiop of St Andiewi, held mi Inqnieitorial Conrt st the Abbej of Holjrood to inyesligftte the diaigei agwnet the Tempkn, hat Walter de dtflon, (hand Pieoeptor of the Older in NorUi Britain,^ and Willkun de Middleton, were the only two Knights who appeared befeie the ^tribonaly irom the peceedings of which, as recorded at length in Wilkins*s Con«ili% making no allnaon to any ponishment being infiiets4 we may fairly condnde they were set at liberty. The Preceptor, in his examination, readily oonfessed that the rest of the Brethiea had iedt and dispersed themselyes propter 9camdaiwm ewarhm c(mtra ^rdrntm; and theie is little donbt that the pbQS of their reft^e was inth Behstt Brace, at that time a fogitiTe^ and«r whose staadaid they fe«^ mrttf the issae of the Battle of Banaockbam in 1814 placed him seconty ea the Scottish throne, bi gmtitode for their servioss the foimer gia^s fai their fiuronr were confirmed by him and eontiBaed by his i
The Knights of St John had also been introdneed into ScoOaiid by David the First, and had a charter granted to them by Alexander
the Second^ two years after that to the Templars. The Preceptory of Torphichen, Id West-Lothian, was their first, and continued to be their chief residence, and by the accession of the Temple lands and other additions, their property at the time of the Reformation came to be immense.
About the commencement of the reign of James the Fourth, a union was effected between the Knights of the Temple and of Saint John, and the lands belonging to either body were consolidated. No documentary evidence lias been discovered to point out the precise period of this junction ; and if such evidence does exist, it will probably be found among the records of the Hospital.' But the fact of the union is estab-
^ It appears by the following; extract from Clifton's examination, that the Preceptor of Scotland was a subordinate officer to tho Master, or Grand Prior in England. '' Interrogatus ; quia recepit eam ad dictam ordinem et dedit ei faabitum I dixit, quod Frater Willielmus de la More orinndns de Comitatu Ebor. tunc et nunc Magister dicti Ordinis in Anglia et Scotia."
■ Lord Torphichen, in his claim for compensation, January 25, 1748, says, — *'Hugh Anderson, who was Clerk to the said Regality in the year 1722, as appears by his commission produced, and who, as such, fell to be possessed of the Court Books and Papers belonging thereto, went off the Country abruptly several years ago, without delivering up these Books and Papers ; and is now settled in America."— Templaria, 1828. Part 1.
THR HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 79
lished beyond all doabt and cavil by the Charter of King James, of date 19th October 1488, confirming the grants of lands made by his prede- cessors to the Knights of the Temple and St John. — " Deo et Sancto Hospitali de Jerusalem et fratribus ejusdem Militiad Templi Salomonis." From that Charter we learn that both Orders were then united and placed ander the superintendence of the Preceptor of Saint John, and there can be no doubt that such an arrangement was both natural and politic. In Scotland alone the Knights of the Temple possessed independent property, and the ban against them being still in force throughout Europe, their sphere of action was necessarily contracted, whilst, on the other hand, the Knights of the Hospital were possessed of great influence and wealth, and stood high in the favour of the Continental Sovereigns. Both Orders were therefore represented in the Scottish Parliament by the Preceptor of Saint John ; and down to the period of the Reformation the union remained unbroken. When that event took place, the chief dignitary or Grand Preceptor of the Order in Scotland, with a seat as a Peer in Parliament, was Sir James Sandilands, a cadet of the family of Calder, whose head, as is well known to readers of Scottish History, was the private friend of John Knox, and one of the first persons of distinction to embrace the Reformed Religion. We suspect that even before the promulgation of the Statute of 1560, prohibiting all allegiance within the realm to the See of Rome, the former personage bad become indifferent to the charge confided to him by the Order ; for a rescript from the Grand Master and Chapter at Malta, dated as early as the 1st of October 1557, and addressed to liim, is still on record, wherein they complain '' that many of the possessions, jurisdictions, <fec., were conveyed or taken away from them contrary to the statutes and oaths, and to the damnation of the souls as well of those who possessed them as of those who, without sufficient authority, yielded them up ; producing thereby great detriment to religion and the said Commandery ;" be this as it may, we are certain however that the conversion of Sir James Sandilands, or, as he was termed, the Lord of St John of Jerusalem in Scotland, was followed by his surrender to the Crown of the whole possessions of the combined Templars and Hospitallers, which, having been declared forfeited to the State (on the ground that " the principal cause of the foundation of the Preceptory of Torphiclien, Fratribus Ifospitalh Hiei'osolimituni, MUiti- hxis Tenipli Salojnonis, was the service enjoined to the Preceptor on oath to defend and advance the Roman Catholic Religion,") were, by a process of transformation well understood by the Scottish Parliament of those days, converted into a Temporal Lordship, which the unfortunate Queen Mary, then only twenty years of age, and newly established amongst her Scottish subjects, in consideration of a payment of ten thousand
80 TUB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
crowns of the San, and of his fidele, nobile, et gratuitum servitiuntj nobis nostrlsque patri et malri bonce memorice, conferred on, or rather retraus- ferred to, the Ex-Grand Preceptor, himself and his heirs, with the title of Torphichen, which, although the estate is much dilapidated, still remains in his family.^ All this was transacted on the petition of Sir James Saudilands himself, with the formal approbation of the National Legislature ; and after renouncing the profession of a soldier-monk, we find that the last of the Scottish Preceptors of St John became married, and lived to a good old age, having died in 1506 without issue, when the title of Torphichen passed to his grand nephew, the lineal descendant of his elder brother, Sir John Sandilands of Calder. The Knights, thus deprived of their patrmonial interest, drew off in a body, witjii David
' The reader will fiad the Preceptor's motives and proceedings explained in an authentic family document, printed from a manuscript copy in the Advocates' Library, in a little work named, ** Templttfia," Edinburgh, 1828. We extract from it the following account of the surrender of the Preceptory : — " He per- sonally compeirit in presence of the Queen's Majesty, the Lord Chancelour, the Earles of Murray, Marischall, and diners others of her Hiohnes Privy Council, and there, as the only lawful undoubted Titular, and present possessor of the Lordship and Preceptorie of Torphephen, which was never subject to any Chap- ter or Conucnt whatsomever, except only the Knights of Jerusalem and Temple of Solomon, Gcnibiis flexis et revcrcutia qua decuit, resigned and ouergave in the liands of our Souerane Lady, his undoubted Superior, ad perpetuam rema- nentiara, all Ri«^ht, Property, and Possession, which ho had, or any way could protend to the said Preceptorie, or any part thereof, in all time Coming ; to the efl'ect the same nn;;ht remain perpetually with her llyeness and her Succcs- sours, as a Part of Proi)crty and Patrimony of her Crown for over. After this resi«;nation in the Queen's Majesty's hands, ad rcnianentiani, of this Benefice, be the lawful Titular thereof, her Hyeness, in remembrance of the good service of the said Sir James Sandilands, gave and grantid and disponM, in feu-farme, heritably, to the said Sir James, his heirs and assignies, All and liaill, the said Preceptorie and Lordship."
That the payment of the above sura of ten thousand crowns of the Sun sub- Be(iuently involved Sandilands in serious difficulties and embarrassments, we are instructed by the works referred to, in which it is stated that—** albeit tho charter bears present payment of ten thousand crowns, that the money was paid at divers times, partly upon Her Majesty's precepts to her servants, French Paris, Sir llobert Melvin, Sir James Balfour, and Captain Anstruther; and the rest of tho fcum to Mr Robert Richardson, treasurer for the time, whereof there is a receipt under the Privy Seal. That a great part of that money, numbered in gold and silver, was borrowed from Timothy Curneoli, an Italian gentleman
of the Preceptor's acquaintance at Genoa, and a banker of the house of ,
resident in Scotland for the time. That this nobleman being burtliened with great debts, for his exoneration and nHef was forced to let in feu-farm hisov\n ronmes for a reasonable composition,'' &c. ; and he was afterwards obliged to part with some of the larger baronies of the estate.
ia 33oajiitallrr.
DAY UF FREE UAfiONBY.
81
lit their bead.* Tbe cbartor conveying to
[utnller Land^, <tc.j ie dated at Edinbnrgb
: "ilmwe ttmt tbere were no less than eigbt
kiun of tbe Order, vii.j Torpbicben, Listoun,
Deuny, Marycultor, Stcnnop, and Gualta :
lOHer, he enjoyed ibo Cburch patronage of Tor-
1«ryculter, Tullaicb, and Ahoyne. His predecea-
was Sir Walter Liiidcsay, tbus celebrated by
«f the Monnt, Lord Lyon King-at-Arms, in tbe
' Meldram," —
) Sir Walter Lindo^ay th<?y him call, ; Joho, and Kuij;bt af Torphiohen, k nnA Ifiad, n Taliant Capitaoe/*
vtj representing a skeleton with crossed bands, is still eptoty, bearing the inscription, " Valterus Lindc- ■iua Goneralis de Scotland^ ^t Principalis Preceptor 536 ." ■ He had succeeded Sir George Dundas, one of bed courtiers and scholars of tbe age, who is tbus or Boece, bia acboolfcllow, '* Georgius Dundas Grecas aa oppriuio doctna, ct^uitum Hieroslymitanorum intra M[i|.n stratum multo tiudore (supcratis emulis) postea prcdecoa&or of Sir George Dundas was Sir William ruled the Preceptory for half a century, having been i by tbe Grand Master at Rhodes in 14G3. King James III liim Higb Treasurer in 1468, and bis son again appointed bim to collect the King's revenues in Linlitbgowsbire. He was slain Battle of Flodden Field, on tbe lltb of September 1513. In timeti ib» Preceptors sat in Parliament, alternately, among tbo Clei^ and Temporal Borons, bat James IV created Sir William ys a peer, by the title of Lord of St John, which descended to bis In the reigns of James II and Robert Bruce, tbe I John wd^^^f|0tively Sir Henry Livingston and Sir r Liodeeay ;^ and we learn from the Ragman Roll that tbo
I tti» from tbo HL^torieul Sketch which precedes the Statutes of li»h Ordi*r of 1S43 ; btit w© ctmnot truce it further. tftm itf ail tntoruNtin^^ accouTit of tho Trecoptory, aa it now stands, in the tod Accumtt of Scollcvnd, VoL ii. Edinburgh, 1845. Heold Appear from the report of the Graud Prior in England, Philip do ij to tUo Grand Master de ViUanova, for n38^ lately printed by tbo Cam- «ty, I hat iiio Uoiu man dentin in Scotland prodnoed nothing at that date, ulno d««truotA aunt, am bust a, et adnuUata, propter fortem guerram
G
82 THB HISTORY OF FRBK MASONRY.
predecessor of Uie latter, Alexander de Welles^ " Gardejn del Hospital de Saint Jolian de Jemsaleni,'* swore fealty to Edward I at Berwick, on 28tli August 1296. He was slain at the Battle of Falkirk, 12th July 1298. The only Preceptor preyions to him, who can be traced, is '* Arohibaldns, Magister Torphichen,** who appears as a witness to a charter of Alexander, Grand Steward of Scotland, dated 1252.
From the era of the Beibrmation the combined Order of the Temple and Hospital appears in Scotkud only as a Masomc body ;^ bat the late Mr Denchar aTcrred that, so early as 1590, a few of Uie Brethren had become mingled with the Architeotoral Fraternities^ and that a Lodge at Stirling, patronised by King James, had a Chapter of Templars attached to it, who were termed cross-legged Masons ; and whose ini- tiatory ceremonies were performed not in a room, bat in the Old Abbey, the rains of which are still to be seen in the neighboarhood. The first aathentic notice we can find on the snbject is in M. Thoiy^s excellent Chronology of Masonry, wherein it is recorded that aboat 1728 Sir John Mitchell Bamsay, the well-known anihor of Cyrns^ appeared in.
per mnltot annos coutiniiatsm : " hot that the produce of them had been three handred marks.— P. 201.
' The Order of St John, which was snpprossod by H«ity YIII, was re-iotrodnoed into England by Philip and Mary who, at the instance of Cardinal Polo, formed Sir T. Tresham, Prior, Sir R. Shelley, TuroojH^iery Sir Peter Felix de la Noca, Bailli de Aquila, and otliers of the Knights, into a Corporation per nomen Priorit et Confratrum S, Johannis Jerusalem, in Anglia; and in James the Second's reign we find the Duke of Berwick Grand Prior of England. In our own days the Sixth or English Langue of the Order has been resuscitated by virtue of powers granted in 1827 by the Com- mander de Dienne and others, forming a Capitulary Commission, delegated to act by a Chapter-General of the Langues of Provence, Auvoi^e, France, Armgon, and Castile, (being a majority of the eight Langues,) held at Paris under the Presidentship of Prince Camille de Rohan, Grand Prior of Aquitaine, in 1814, whose proceedings were sanctioned, and afterwards confimied, by .the Lieutenant of the Magistery and the Sacred Council at Catania ; and under which powers the late Sir Robert Peat, D.D., Chaplain to George IV, was installed as Grand Prior in 1831, and as such took the oath de Jickli, and formally revived the Corporation before the Court of King's Bench 24th Febru- ary 1834 These formalities were gone through at the instance, it is understood, of Sir Lancelot Shad well, Vice-chancellor of England, who was soon after elected a Knight of tho Languo. Since the death of Sir Robert Peat, in 1837, the Head of the Langue has been Sir Henry Dymoko of Scrivelsby, 17th Hereditary Cliampion of England ; and until 1850, the Sub-Prior was the lata Sir J. C. Meredyth, Bart., Chevalier de St Louis, who having received the accolade as a Knight of St John, at the hands of the 69th Grand Master, De ITompesch, was able, by ancient knightly usage, to transmit the distinction. — r«/c Sir R. Broun's Synoptical Sketch.
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 83
London with a system of Scottish Masonry, up to that date perfectly unknown in the metropolis, tracing its origin from the Crusades, and consisting of three degrees, the Ecosaaisy the Novice, and the Knight Templar, The English Grand Lodge rejected the system of Ramsay, but if credit is to be given to a letter from the Duke of Perth to Lord Ogilvie in 1745, recently published, it shone forth for a moment' at Holyrood at that date. During his short stay at that Palace, Charles Stuart is stated to have taken his profession as a Templar, and to have ** looked most gallantly in the white robe of the Order," which is not improbable, as the works of Thory, Clavel, and others, have since proved that to obtain their objects the Stuart family made unceasing use of Free Masonry in all its forms, endeavouring to apply its ancient legends to the modem History of Charles I, and to the cruelty of Cromwell and his confederates. After the Battle of Culloden, Ramsay, as is well known, along with the other adherents of the Stuart Family, transfer* red his system to the Continent, where it became the corner-stone of the kauts grades, and the foundation of those innumerable ramifications into which an excellent and naturally simple institution has been very uselessly extended in France, Germany, and other countries abroad.^
In pursuing the very curious subject of the haiUs grades, we may observe, however, that they never obtained much consideration during the lifetime of Ramsay, although they are invariably traced to him and to Scotland, the fairy land of Foreign Masonry,* but gathered their chief impulse from the disgraceful dissentious in the Masonic Lodges at Paris about the middle of last century, which induced the Chevalier de Bon- neville, and other distinguished persons at the Court of France, to form themselves into a separate institution, named the Chapitre de Clermont, in hon(;ur of one of the Princes of the Blood, Louis de Bourbon, Prince de Clermont, then presiding over the Masonic Fraternities. In this Chapter they established, amongst other degrees, Ramsay's system of the Masonic Templars, which, along with other high grades, was soon conveyed into the northern kingdoms of Europe by the officers of the French army, but especially by the Marquis de Bemez and the Baron
^ II est certain que I'invention des haiits grades magonniquee a fait le plus grand tort i rinstitution, en ddnaturant son objet, et en I'affublaQt de tttres pompeax et de cordons que ne lui appartieonent pas. Oo coiiviendra que jamais elle n'eClt ete proscrite, dans udc partic d'AUemagne, si les diascntions occasiooe^s par la Stricte-ObBervance, les pretentions de sol diaaut successeurs des Fr^res de la Rose Croix, et surtout rinvention de rillaminatisme qu'on introdoisit dana quelques L. n'euasent rendu " I'associatioQ auapecte aux gou- vememena.*' — Acta Latomonim.
* There have been at least a hundred grades of Continental Masonry denomi- nated *' Ecossais."
84 T8B H1810RT OF PRBR MAMNBT.
da Hand, the IftHer of whom amplified it into his Tempkr Begime de la Striete-OUervancif whkh ooon^ed for seToml jmn so promt* aent m pkoe in die Secret Soeieties of Oermuij. This adTentorer appeared in that eomtty whh a paAent ander the rign-mannal of Fiiaee Cluyties Stnvt, appointing him Ghnmd Master of the serenth protinee^ wUdi heaffinned had been made ove^to Lim by the Eari Marisdial on his deafth-hed, and with a phramble tale of tho aoMqnity of his Order, whidi ho dmted of eoofse from Seotlandy whsiro the ohief seift of the TemphHs was Aberdeen; and &e d^odons on Oe sabjeot took soch a hdd in Oeimany, that tiiey wero not altogether dispelled utH a depntation laA aetoally yisited Aberdeen, and Ibvnd amongst HkM worthy and astoniAed Brethren there^ no traee either of Tsgr aneieai Terapbrs or Free Masonry.^ From some of the OoniineBtsl Stales it is eoDJeotnred that Masonio Templaxy was transpkated into Bng^iaii aad Irolmid, in both of which oountries it has oontinned to draw a langrid sadstenee.
Bnring the whole of the eighteenlh oentniytheSoottidb (hder can be but fiuntiy tTMed, though Mr Deochar had in I8dd the assnranee of weQ4BK formed Masons that thirty or forty years provions, they Imew old men wh^ had been members of it for sixty years; and it had sank so low ajb the time of the French Revolation, that the sentence which the Ghfand Lodge of Scotland falminated in 1702 against all degrees of Masonry except those of St John, was expected to put a period to its existence. Soon after this, however, some active individuals revived it, and with the view of obtaining documentary authority for their Chapters, as well as of avoiding any infringement of the Statutes then recently enacted against secret societies, adopted the precaution of accepting Charters of Constitution from a body of Masonic Templars, named the Early Grand Encampment, in Dublin, of whose origin we can find no account, and whose legitimacy, to say the least, was quite as questionable as their own.* Several Char- ters of this description were granted to difierent Encampments of Tem- plars in Scotland about the beginning of the present century, hut these bodies maintained little concert or intercourse with each other, and wero certainly not much esteemed in the country. Afiairs wero in this state when, about 1 808, Mr Alexander Deuchar was elected Commander, or Chief of the Edinburgh Encampment of Templars, and his brother^ Major David Deuchar, along with other Officers of the Royal Regiment,
^ It 18 stated in the Freemasons' Review, that according to authentic docn- ments, the Aberdeen Lodge has existed since 1541.
' Clavel alludes, in a verj uncomplimentary manner, to the introduction of these grades at Edinburgh in 1796. — Ma^onnerie Pittoresqne, Paris, 1844, p. 204, ill the Library of the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 85
was initiated into the Order. This infasion of persons of higher rank and better information gave an immediate impulse to the Institution^ and a General Convocation of all the Templars of Scotland, by representa- tiyesj having taken place in Edinburgh, they unanimously resolved to discard the Irish Charters, and to rest thoir claims, as the representatives of the Ancient Knights, on the general belief and traditions of the coun- try. They further determined to entreat the Duke of Kent, the chief of the Masonic Templars in England, to become the Patron Protector of the Order in North Britain, offering to submit themselves to His Ro3ral Highness in that capacity, and to accept from him a formal Charter of Constitution. The Duke of Kent lost no time in complying with their request, and his Charter, erecting them into a Conclave of '' Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulchre, and of St John of Jerusalem, H.R.D.M. t K.D.S.H.," bears date the 19th of June 1811. By a provision in it, Mr Deuchar, who had been nominated by the Brethren, was appointed Qxand Master for life.^
These new and vigorous measures rescued the Order from obscurity ; and in its improved condition we find that it continued rapidly to flourish, numbering, in the course of a few years, no less than forty Encampments or Lodges holding of its Conclave in diifferent parts of the British Dominions. In 1828, the Order seemed to have received a fresh impulse, and assumed a novel and interesting aspect, by the judicious in- troduction of the ancient chivalric costume and forms. Dissensions, never- theless, unfortunately occurred, from 1830 to 1835, tending to impede its progress, and for a while it may be said to have again almost fallen into abeyance. In the end of the latter year however, a body of gentle- men undertook the trouble and expense of resuscitating it, with the view of establishing in Edinburgh Masonic re-unions, somewhat re- sembling those of the Prince of Wales's Lodge in London, where humbler Brethren are not subjected to heavy pecuniary payments. At their snggestion Mr Deuchar resigned the Grand Mastership, and the Statute was strictly enforced, by which it was imperative that all Candidates for admission should be Royal Arch Masons ; while new regulations were also established. In January 1836, Admiral Sir David Milne, G. C. B., was unanimously elected Grand Master, and at a general election in the same month. Lord Ramsay (the present Marquis of Dalhousie) was appointed his Depute ; the various other offices in the Order being filled by gentlemen, generally well known, and of an honourable station in society. In the course of three moilths after the election, not
^ It has been stated that the Duke of Kent granted this Charter in virtue of his being a Chevalier of the Order in France ; but this is a mistake, as no Pro- testants had been admitted into that Order in 1811.
86 YHB WamOLY OF FBBB MAaOHRT.
fewer tbau a hunJred pereooa, cliiefly men of fortune, offioe», and incmbei's of the l^rne<l profe^siang, had boon reooived into the Edin- burgh Canongate Kilwintiin^' Priory or EDcunipmcut alouo.
On the dernier of Adminil Sir David Millie^ the Knights in Chapter- Geoeral unatiimoualychose His Grace Gcorg^e Aug;«etu8 Frederick John, sixth Duko of AtUole, K.T., to be Graud Master, who waa installed with g^reat pompon the lltli Mart-h lS4fl, in the Music Hall, Edinburgli, whkh was gorgeously decorated for the occasioii with the banntira of the Knij^btb, itcV Under his judicious *way various Priories have been estaldished and dormant ones revived, and the Order ba* asBumod an importanoe and dignity worthy of tlie highest class of gentlemen con- nected with the M&sonio Institutions of Scotland.
This Sketch of tlie Tcuiptaj^ would probably bo incomplete without alluding mt^re particularly to the Ordrt du Ttitiph in France, already nientiooed in a noten Mills, Sutherland,^ de Magny, Pumas,' Durnea, Gregoire/ and other authorities, all ahew that the Order although
' An Historical Puintin;^^ coiuniemoiative of the Itiatidldtion of His GracOp was executed bj Frater Stewart Watfion of Kdlubnrj^h, and i^ iio\v in the Chambers of the Grand Lod^e of Scotland ; alJ the Kuigbte iutrodueed are portraita.
^ '^ The persecatHHi «f the Templara, aud the spobatioti of Iholr possessions, annihilated the Order as a political body ; but its suppression as a confraternity was not entirely accomplished. Jacques de Alolai, anticipating martyrdom, named a successor to the Grand Mastership, and the succession has been main- tained regularly and uninterruptedly to the present day, &c.*' — Achievements of the Knights of Malta, vol. I, p. 265.
• ** L'Ordre des Templiers, que Ton croyait aboli, parattrait au contraire s'^tre conserve josqu*k nos jours, sans que ses reunions conventuelles atent cease, sans que la succession legitime et legale des Grand Maitres, depuis Jacques de Molay, ait ^t^ interrompue.** — Dumas, Gaule ct France, 1833.
* ** Aux conjectures substituant la r^alitc,paraissent les Tem pliers actuels,avec nne collection de monument L'authenticit6 de plusieurs pent ^tre ^galement d6fendue sans preuve et attaqu^ sans preuve. Vous me montrez des ossement recueillis dans le bClcher du Grand Maitre,l'^p^ du martyr, le casque du martyr, Guy Dauphin d'Auvergne ; la patdne, la crosse et les mitres primatiales ; niais sur ces objets, on u*a de garaut que le t^moignage traditionnel des ddpositaires. Je suis moins hardi k contester sur ce drapeau uomm6 le Beau C^rU, et ces sceaux avec des l^gendes en caractdres pnrticuliers k I'ordre dont on trouvera Talphabet k la suite de ce chapitre. L'Uistoire de I'Art fixe leur origine aux ^poques contemporaines des Templiers ; d'un autre cdte, leur structure atteste la destination que vous leur assignez ; mais mes doutes presque tons s'^vanouia* sent k I'aspect de cette charie de transmission, rddig^ en 1324, par le grand- mattre Jean-Marc Larmenius, successeur immcdiat de Jacques Molay. Cette charte Latine est ^crite en caractdres particuliers k I'ordre. L'imposture a foi^^ quelquefois des dipldmes et m^me des m^dailles. On connatt les fameuses padouannct; mais I'original de la charte dont il s'agit, soumis h. I'exaraen
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 87
suppressed, has never been dissolved in that country ; ^ and the case is thus succinctly stated by Mills in his History of Chivalry : —
" But the persecution of the Templars in the fourteenth century does not close the history of the Order ; for, though the Knights were spo- liated, the Order was not annihilated. In truth, the cavaliers were not guilty, — the brotherhood was not suppressed, — and, startling as is the assertion, there has been a succession of Knight Templars from the twelfth century down even to these days ; the chain of transmission is perfect in all its links. Jacques de Molay, the Grand Master at the time of the persecution, anticipating his own martyrdom, appointed as his successor in power and dignity, Johannes Marcus Larmenius of Jerusalem, and from that time to the present there has been a regular and uninterrupted line of Grand Masters. The Charter' by which the
d'hommes verses daos la diplomatique, ne lear offre ancune trace, d'apr^s la- qnelle on puisse VATguer de faux. Sur ces faits, les Templiers etablissant que Texistencederordre nefut jamais interrompue, assures tqu'en 1324, les Templiers ^cossais, exc(mmwnUi par le Grand Maitre Larmenius, n'etaient qu'une contrefa- fl^n de Pordre du Temple, qui devint ensuite la tige dessocict^s magonniques." — Hifitoire dee Sectes Religieuses, par M. Gregoire, ancien Iv^que de Blois, tome 2. Paris, 1828.
* The Penny Magazine of 1836-7 enumerates " the Ordre du Temple," as one of the recognised Orders of Knighthood.
* No mystery exists in our days with respect to this Charter. M. Thory gives a minute description of it from personal observation, as well as copies of it, and of the Statutes, from the originals, ( Vide Acta Latamomro, vol. II, p. 139,) and it was submitted to the inspection of nearly two hundred Knights at the Convent-General held at Paris in 1810. The written ac- ceptation on it by the Duke de Duras in 1681, was ascertained by the late Dr Morison in 1837, to be genuine, which is important, as it disconnects the Order with a profligate club established in France in 1682, calling itself *' The Templars ; " and it is further fortified by the undoubted signature of the Duke of Orleans, and that Prince's attestation, jprqprta manu, of the Statutes of the Convent-General of Versailles in 1705, which have been handed down along with it. But Clavel, a French Masonic writer, evidently conceiving the Order to be a high grade of Masonry, which it is not, has attacked all its titles with great severity ; and in this has been aided by two persons who had been eliminated from it, the one a Scotch follower of Thomas Paine, who wished to exclude all religion,and the other a bigoted Portuguese, who denounced Bernard Raymnnd for admitting a heretic Protestant. The documents which they communicated to Clavel are to be found in the handwriting of one of them in the Library of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and consist chiefly of exposures of certain relics injudiciously produced, and lengthy dissertations on the Levilikon, a Theological work by Bernard Kaymund, with which we have no concern, as it is not one of the titles of the Order. Thoy should be read at the same time with the Acts of the Convent- General held at Paris in 1836-7, by which the writer was unanimously expelled the Order, and an official Ritual,
88 vm mmoKi of FEBI MABO^BW^
iaprane sailiority Imm been fapniwiilted, k jodieU sod eoiMptMive^H- denoeoftheOidev^eooBtiiiiiedesieleiiee. Thie Cherlerof fwtftiiraieriog» wUiitbemgiiftteiea ef «beTttioiii«Uflfii<if the Tenqpl^ ie pwwegtod efc Bm% with the mammi MM^m <d the Order, the fitiBii^lli#iM»A|i the eeele, the (rteiideid% lund e<|iar memoriale of the eerly TeaqplHsM
'' The IffotheriiooihM bean headed bjthe brsTeetcavmlsentaKmiee j hgr men wb<i>, jeetons e( the dignitiee of bughthood, veokl edmh m^mip^ H^tioBfr no beae eojj^ el the mieve of ^ndryv wid who thov^t Ihil Iheehield of their nobility wis eniiehed bjthe impiege of the f eeqAMrf sed ofOH. Bertz^nd dn Gneeolio* im tho Omnd IhitMr fton IW^iiH
in irfaiohf Jliie irfWr be b&d cotnmtitiicAted hU pnoft to Clavel, bo etill design I nntM hinnelf a Gnad Cross and Gravid Prior of tho Tom pie. Both Uicm iudul ^fSdnall hod gone on for ikixtva ton y{>ars LestifyiTtf^^ oa hi^h office-bearers, to tbej fOrlSMt tlmth of the Chortor^ but tboy fin Ally ooded by TcprescDtinj^ th^t it VMtegedin 1^05, by an ItoJiaD Joauit^ tiamod Bononni, an aseertion for whioh there iM not one ttttle of evideoce^ and ciinoot be, iiifice, tbo Order httfiag been handed down in secret thronf^b a amalJ nnniber of noljle familicfli^ hiaterjr it altogether wute oa to tb^ Cbart(?r till tbo d^ib of the Dnko d& Coeefi A Bdgian writer baa repUod ably to aucb miu-^tatcTnotiU: — ^ Lee lies plw illaatrea do France ttgiiront dan^ cetto noblo ^erie, et a one nOJ )ttffrir qn'on neeufic d'avoir mv^nttf uii ritt tufif ofinirpu: truttt l^ d^po^i- i taire l^;al, en 1804, de cette Charie, quelque deplorable abua que cei homme ait fait plus tard dn ponvoir qui lui avait bi6 confi^ par ses Fr^rea^ et bien que son absurde despotisme ait mis le Temple k deux doigts de sa perte. Lee signatures des Grand Mattres acceptants, toiU conMues et ont O^ vhiJUet ; nous en appellerions an besoin aux t^moignai^es des savants Miinter et Gre- goire. Ces tdmoig^nagee ont 6te plus d'une fois imprim^ ; les contester, con- tester Pauthenticitd des si^atures, c'est faire injure aux noms les plot reepeo- tables^ o'est accuser de faux Philippe <POrUdnt et apres lui trois autres membres de la maison de Bourbon. Philippe d^OrUaxu qui, bientdt aprds Regent da Rojaume de France, mit sa gloire k garantir de tous les dangers qui I'environ- naient son royal pupiUe et d6daigna de doTenir Roi avant son tour, aarait oommis nn fa/ux pour devenir le Grand Maitre d'un Ordre chevaleresque apocryphe et oblige de se cacher t Qui croirait d une semblable accusation t Que dire d'ailieurs de la sottise de tant de milliers de Chevaliers dupes d'une ausei groesi^re mystification f"— Eesai Sur L^Hlstoire de L'Ordro desTempliere. Bruxelles, 1840.
^ See the Charter in full, in a ^ Sketch of the History of the Knights Temp- lars, by James Burnes, LL.D., F.R.S., Knight of the Guelphs of Hanover. 2d Edition. Edinburgh, 1840. See also Appendix No. VI, of this volume.
' The signature of Bertrand du Gneedin is by a cro«t, as we learn from the ''Recherches Historiqoes sur les Templiers," Paris^ 1835, in the Library of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. — <' Cest que Duguesclin, en 1357, avait accept^ la souveraine magistrature du Temple, et que la croix de ce guerrier, qui ne savait pns signer, figurait son acceptation sur la charte de Larm^nius." — P. 27.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 89
bis death in 1380, and he was the only French commander who pre- Tailed over the chivalry of our Edward III. From 1478 to 1497, we may mark Robert Lenonconrt, a cavalier of one of the most ancient and valiant fiimilies of Lorraine. Phillippe Chabot, a renowned captain in the reign of Francis I, wielded the staff of power from 1516 to 1543. The illustrious family of Montmorency appear as Knight Templars, and Henry, the first duke, was the chief of the Order from the year 1574 to 1614. At the close of the seventeenth century, the Grand Master was James Henry de Duras, a marshal of France, the nephew of Tur- enne, and one of the most skilful soldiers of Louis XIV. The Grand Masters from 1724 to 1776 were three princes of the royal Bourbon £unily. The names and years of power of these royal personages who acknowledged the dignity of the Order of the Temple, were Louis Augustus Bourbon, Duke of Maine, 1724-1737 ; Louis Henry Bourbon Ck)nd6, 1737-1741 ; and Louis Francis Bourbon Conty, 1741-1746. The successor of these princes in the Grand Mastership of the Temple was Louis Hercules Timoleon, Duke de Coss6 Brissao, the descendant of an ancient family, long celebrated in French history for its loyalty and gallant bearing. He accepted the office in 1776, and sustained it till he died in the cause of royalty at the beginning of the French Revolution. The order has now its Grand Master, Bemardus Raymundus Fabr6 Palaprat;^ and there are Colleges in England and in many of the chief cities in Europe.
^ This personage, although a man of high education, an eleve of the University of MoDtpelier, Doctor of the Faculty of Paris, and Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, was not of dignity sufficient to succeed the Montmorencies and Condds of France as Grand Master. He had been elected only till some illastriuus nobleman could be obtained ; and as ancient feelings revived in France, inces- sant efforts, embittered possibly by his liberal notions of religion, were made to force him to abdicate in favour of the Duke de Choiseul, or the Counts Le PeleUer D' Aunay and De Chabrillan^ Clavel even alleged that he was not the legitimate representative of the Duke de Coss^ Briseac ; but, apart from the attestation on the Charter written in his presence on the 10th June 1804, by the Magistral Vicar, Radix de Chevillion, that he had received his authority from the Duke, and his own acceptation a few months later, we have the posi- tive and public averment of the Duke de Choiseul in favour of the legitimate continuation of the Order through the Revolution ; and it is decisive, inasmuch as he lived through that troubled period, and was Bernard Raymund*s rival^ and must have been an associate of the Duke de Cosb^ Brissao. The following are his words delivered at a Public Chapter of the Knights, held at Paris in the year 1837, as printed in the ** Ordre des Chevaliers du Temple, Bruxelles, 1840,*' now in the Library of the Grand Lodge of Scotland : — ** Jamais la succession des Grand Maitres ne fut interrompue, ot M. de Brissac, vertneuz et fidelecomme Molay, fit comme ce dernier h^ros ; il usa de toute sa puissance, nomma son succosseur, et, pr^s d'etre assassin^, lui remit la pWuitude de see
80 TBB JnSfORT OF FJUBB MASONftT.
^H " Thus tL& very ancient QOTereig'Q OrJer of the Temple ia now in full
\^^ ttiid clilviilric existence, lite those Oniora of Kmgbthood which were
either formed in imitatioo of it, or had their origiu in the same noble
principles of rhivalry. It has mourned as well aa flourished^ but there
I is Id Its nature and cunstitutloD a j^riDCiplc of vitality which ha£ earrjed
„ it throngh i^ll the etomis of fate ; its eontinuaace, hy represeotatires as
well as by title^ la as indtfiputable a fu.ct as the e:xisteDce of any other
I chivalric fraternity. The Templars of these days claim wo titular mnit,
yet their station ia so far identiliod with that of the other orders of
' knighthood, tJiat they as^sert ec|un,l purity of ileecent from the same
bri^dit jsource of chivalry ; nor is it possible to impugn tho legitimate
claims to honourable estimation, which the modem Brethren of the
Temple derive from the untitjuity and pristine lustre of their Order,
without at the aametime shaking to It^ centre the whole venerable
fabric of knightly honour"
To this we have only to aild that on the demise of the Grand Master Bt^rnard Itaymnnd, in \S38, he was succeeded in the regency of the onier by Admiral Sir Sidney Smith, who hold away till his death in 1840; and thatj at tliat date, it numbered amongst the British subjects enr^^Ued aa its othce-bearera, the names of the Dtike of Suaaex, GriLod
pouvoiiTa. Le Chevaher dn Temple, Chovillon, remit lea titrea et pouvoira, dana cea tempa r^voIutionDairee, k trois Chevaliera, Ledm, De Saiatot et Deconiv chant, qni a'adjoignirent M. Fabr6-Palaprat. C'eat ainai qai par diveraea ciroon- atancea, ce dernier a'eat trouv6 d la t^te de L'Ordre. Bientdt et malgr^ lea repr6- aentationa auaai reapeotuenaee qn'amicalea de plaaieura Chevaliera et de moi- m^me, le ayat^me antique de L'Ordre changea de nature.*' The Duke goes on to complain of the monatroua innovationa on the rule of St Bernard, the charter of tranamiaaion, and the Statutee of 1705, introduced by the Grand Maater, &c. ; but the work we have quoted containa a farther addreaa from the Count de Chabrillan in 1838, giving preciaely the aame account of the continuation of the Order. Clavel admita that Bernard Raymund reproduced it under the garb of Maaonry in 1805, in a new Lodge called the " Chevaliera de la Croix," which waa immediately recruited from another of " peraonnea de haut rang, tellea que fr&rea de Choiaeul, de Chabrillon, de Vergennes^ de Dillon, de Coigny, de Monteaquiou, de Narbonne, de Bethune, de Montmorency, de la Tour du Pin, D'Aligre, de Labourdonnaye, de Sennonea, de Cruaaol, de Nanteuil, de Flahaut," &c. &c., many of whom, like the Duke de Choiaeul, muat have been formerly asaociating with the Duke de Coaad Briaaac, the recently murdered Grand Maater. At a later date the aame authority atatea that Carnot, Ney, Napoleon, de Montebello, laambert, Chatelain, Montalivet, ftc, were not only members of tho Ordre du Temple^ but remooatrating aerioualy with the Grand Maater on its affi&ira ; and the enquiry naturally ariaea, what could have attracted theae great men, and almost all the ancient Nobleaae reaident at the capital, to the atandard of Bernard Kaymund, then a humble phyaician in Paria, if he himaelf waa an impoMoTy and his Order a ddmion f
I
I
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 91
Prior of England ; the Duke of Leinster, Grand Prior of Ireland ; the Earl of Durham, Grand Prior of Scotland; the Chevalier Barnes, (Grand Master of Scottish Free Masons in India,) Grand Preceptor of Southern Asia; the Chevalier Tennyson D'Eyncourt, Grand Prior of Italy; General George Wright, Grand Prior of India, <fec., <fec., while, amongst its func- tiooaries in France, we find the Prince Alexandre de Wirtemberg, the Dukes de Choiseul and Montmorency, and the Counts Le Peletier D^Aunay^ de Lanjuinais, de Brack, de Chabrillan, de Magny, de Dienne, and others equally distinguished. Latterly, in consequence of political changes in France, an institution so much identified with ancient nobility and tradition has naturally fallen into abeyance, but it still numbers about thirty British members, most of whom are ofiScers in the Public Service of India, received by the Grand Preceptor of Southern Asia, under Legatine powers from the Grand Master, Bernard Raymund, sanctioned by the Duke of Sussex, without whose approval no British subject was admissible.
After this short account of the continuation of the Order, it may be interesting to make a brief abstract of the Statutes established by the Con- vent-General held at Versailles in 1705 . The Order of the Fellow Soldiers of the Temple consists of two distinct classes, termed a Superior and Inferior Militia ; the former comprising all knights consecrated accord- ing to rites, rules, and usages, with their Esquires ; and the latter, the humbler Brethren, or persons admittQdf propter artem, and the candidates, or as they are designated, the postulants, for the honors of chivalry. Except as a serving brother no one is eligible even to the lower grade, who is not of distinguished rank in society, which in Great Britain is understood to imply that station in life which would entitle a gentleman to attend the Court of his Sovereign. The Candidate must moreover be strongly recommended by Sponsors as a Christian^ of liberal education, eminent for virtue, morals, and good breeding ; and in no case is a strict scrutiny into these qualifications dispensed with, unless he be a Knight of Christ, a Teutonic Knight, or the descendant of a Knight Templar. Should he be ambitious of the rank of Novice Esquire, which usually precedes Knighthood, he is farther called on to produce proofs of nobility in the fourth generation ,* and a deficiency in this requisite can only be supplied by a formal decree of the Grand Master conferring on him the nobility necessary for his reception. Considerable fees are paid by all intrants ; and members, on being promoted to the equestrian honors of
^ ** NuUus ad initiationem accedit, nisi Christianus, liberaliter iDstitutus, civili ordine iosiguis, virtute, moribus, fide et urbanitate prsestantissimus."
' ** NuUus ad novitiatum anuigeroruin accedit, nbi gencre in quarto grada bit nobilis."
92 nu munoBY of fiibb uAmmmr.
the Order, are expected to make an oblatioti to tbe Treasury, the amoQnt I uf frblcli cannot be lea^ tlia.Q four drachms of goUl^ butgenei^lly very far
exceeds tbut sum. Before receiiriug the vow of profeaaioo, which iA atill administered to sill Chevaliers, the Candidate makes a solemn declanitiati either that he docs not belong to the Order of Malta,' or tli At he abjun^s the spirit of rival hostility which actuated the Knights of St John in former d&ya agaioflt the Tem[>]ars. These preliminaries being arranged, his petition is finally decided on either in a Conventual houae^ or by the Bpecial Jegiite of the Grand Master, in whose name only his reception can be proclaimed; and once anncd a Knight, and consecrated a Chevalier of the Temple, he cannot, on any pretence whatever, renounce the Order<
At the head of the Hierarchy of the Order mnkij the ConYoat-General, or aswmMy of the Knighta, but the executive power la vested in the Mfiffijttera, couftfistlcg of the Orand Master, and his four Depntea, or Vkitrii Mtiifiairal^, After theae foHow the membeTs of the Grand CV>uncl], which couAists of the Supreme Preceptor, and eight Grand Preceptors, the Primate of the Order, and his four Coadjutors General, with all the Grand Priors, Miniatcrs, and other principal dignitaries that may be present at the MagiBterial City. Each nation of the Order is presided over by its Grand Prior^ appointed for life, whose language WimpiiMfl ihe Tarioofl snbordimLte divisions of Bailiwicks or Provinces ; Coiumauderies ; Conyents of Knights and Noyiciate Esquires ; Abbeys of Ladies and Canonesses ; Chapters of Postulants, and Conclayes of Initiation. Except in special cases, no Chevalier is eligible for a Com- mandery before the expiration of two years from his having obtained the honours of knighthood^ and in like manner no Commander can be appointed a Bailli, nor any Bailli a Grand Prior, before the same period has intervened.
In concluding these observations, we maj add that the Order of the Temple, notwithstanding its undeniable claims to honourable distinction, has never enjoyed much consideration amongst our countrymen. Its exclusive character, together with the great expense and difBculty which attend admission into its ranks, has raised against it a host of enemies. Hence, calumnies have been propagated against it ; and an institution perfectly unconnected with politics, and actuated by the purest principles of Christian Philanthropy, has been represented as engendering fJEdse notions of Government and wild infidelity. But the registers of the
1 << Le primat actael est Vic^C^sarini, commandeur conventael de I'ordre de Malte. Les ci-devant Chevaliers de Malte qui, depuis trente ans^ B*efibrcent de ressusciter lenr ordre, avaient fait, dit-on, des avances pour s'unir aux Temp- liers, et par ce moyen fortifier leurs reclamations." — Histoire des Sectes Reli- gteuses, par M. Gregoire, anoien ^v^que de Blois. Parifl^ 1828.
TIIB HISTORY OF PRBB MASONRY. 93
Temple contain the respected names of Massillon and Fenelon; Frederick the Great and Napoleon sanctioned its ceremonies and honoured its officers ; and eren in these days, Princes of the Blood, and some of the most illustrious Nohles of our town and other countries, have not dis- dained to display the humble ring of profession, along with the gorgeous decorations of the Garter and the Golden Fleece.
We have expressed our belief that the Knight Templars of Scotland^ on the persecution of the Order in the fourteenth century, took refuge with Robert Bruce, and this opinion is confirmed by a French authority, which states that, having deserte<l the Temple, they ranged themselves under the banners of that Prince, by whom they were formed into a new Order, the observances of which were based on those of the Templars, and became, according to him, the source of Scottish Free Masonry, i This statement corresponds with the celebrated Charter of Larmenius already referred to, in which the Scottish Templars are excommunicated as Tef/t- pli desertores, anathemate percussos ; and, along with the Knights of St John, dominiorum Militice spoKatores, placed for ever beyond the pale of the Temple, extra gyrum Templi nunc, et infuturum; and it is likewise supported in some measure by the authority of the eminent annalist of Free Masonry, M. Thory, who, in his " Acta Latomorum,** states that Robert Bruce founded the Masonic Order of Herediim do Kilwinning after the Battle of Bannockburn, reserving to himself and his successors on the Throne of Scotland, the office and title of Grand Master : And that the last of the Stuarts believed that he possessed this hereditary right and distinction, and in virtue of it granted Charters of Constitution to Lodges abroad, is beyond all question ; nay, there is the strongest reason to conclude that the whole system of Templary advanced by Ramsay and other partizans of the exiled House was based on the conviction that the Chevalier de St George was the here- ditary head of the " Royal Order " of Bruce j and that that Order was formed from the relics of the Scottish Templars. It is in ^vonr of this belief, moreover, that the Ancient Mother Kilwinning Lodge certainly possessed in former times other degrees of Masonry than those of St John, and that we have still amongst us — apparently deriving their right from her — Brethren who claim to be representatives of Bruce*s
^ ^ Aprds la mort de Jacques de Molay, les Templiers flcossais etant de- T^nns apostats, a riostigation du roi Robert Bruce, se rang^rent sous les ban* nitres d'un nouvel Ordre institu^ par ce Prince, et dans lequel les r^eptions farent basees sur celles de TOrdre du Temple. C^est Ik qu'il faut chercher rorigine de la Ma^onnerie Ecossaise, et m^me celle des autres Rites Ma^on- iques. Du schisme qui s'introduisit en Ecosse naquit un grand nombre de sectes. Presque toutes out la pretention de d^ver du Temple, et quelqnet unes celle de se dire TOrdre lui-meme.**— Manuel de I'Ordre du Temple.
r
94 THE HtsraRY OF FTIEE MA80I«AY.
Royal Ord^r, which, althougb Dot very promiaeDtiD this conn try/ enjoys the bighest celebrity in France, where it wtw established by Charter from Scotland^ and even by the Pretender' himself in tbe eenree of ]rL:^t cen- tary, and \b dov conferred as the highest and moat dtstingiiijihod deirrea sanctioned by the Grand Orionti under thu title of tbe Hone Crolr Herobiif^ de Kilwininntj, It may he interesting to mention, that the introdnotion on tbe Continent of thid ancient branch of oi;r National Masonry haa been comniemorated by a apk^ndid uiodal etrui-k at Paris, bearings aniongat other devkcfi, the Royal Arma find Mottfi of Scotland ; and that tbe Brethren of the Lffdgc of Conistancy at Arras still preserve with reverence an original Charter of tbe Orflor, granted to their Chapter in 1747, by Cbarlea Edward Stuart* and sigDod by that unfortunate prince hinj^elf^ ajs tbe representative of tlie Scottlnh kinga/ Nor can any thing indicate more c^trongly the high estini^tlon in which tbe chivalry of tbe Rosy Croea of Kilwinning la held in France, than tbe fact that the Prince Cambacerea^ Aroh-cbancoUor of the Empire, presided over it as Provincial Grand Master (tbe ofHce of enpreme head bein^, as already noticed, inherent iti the Crown of Scot* land,) for many yeara ; and that ho was succeeded in hie dignity by the head of the illustrious family of CboisonL
^ It was revived iu lS3f>, and it i» Chapters are now r^fpilarly h4?Id in Edmbnrgb*
* " Le premier centre d'administ ration dos hants g;rades fut <^tabU k Arras en 1747, par Charles-Edouard Stuart lui-m^me, qui donna aux avocats Lagnean, Robespierre, et k d*autres Frdres, la bulla d'iDstitution d'uo Chapitre Ecossais Jacobite en reconnaissance des beinfaits qu'il avait regus d*eux.** — Clavel, p. 167,
' This word is said by some to be derived from the Hebrew ffarodlm, *' prseai- dentes ; *' but it is merely the genitive plural of the Latin Uceres, ^ the Scottish Masons conceiving themselves the inheritors or heirs of the true and ancient Brethren."— Fufo Thuileor del' Ecossime. Paris, 1821.
^ The medal alluded to was struck at the expense of the Chapitre du Ohoix at Paris, to celebrate the establishment in France of a Provincial Grand Lodge of Heredom de Kilwinning, by a Charter, dated Edinburgh the 1st of May 1786, constituting John Mattheus, a distinguished merchant of Rouen, Provin- cial Chief, with very ample powers, to disseminate the Order. The Chapitre da Choix was itself erected by a Charter from Edinburgh in the same year, addressed to Nicholas Chabouille, avocat en parlement, and other Brethren. Both these documents bear the signatures of William Charles Little, Deputy Grand Master, William Mason, and William Gibb. At a later date a Provin- cial Grand Master was also appointed for Spain, in the person of James Gordon, a merchant at Xeres de la Frontera, whose commission was signed by Deputy Grand Master Dr Thomas Hay, and Messrs Charles Moor and John Brown, as heads of the Royal Order. In 1811 there were no less than twenty- six Chapters of Heredom holding of the Provincial Grand Lo-^ge of the Order in France, including some in Belgium and Italy. — Histoire de la Fondation du Grand Orient de France. Paris, 1812.
PAET II.
TIIE UlSTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 97
CHAPTER VI.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE ORAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND FROM ITS INSTITUTION IN NOVEMBER 1736 TO NOVEMBER 1753.*
In Part I, the History of Free Masonry was brought down to the Institution of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1736, and a short account given of the circumstances which occasioned and accompanied that im- portant event. It is necessary, however, before entering upon the His- tory of the Grand Lodge, to give a fuller detail of the proceedings of the Fraternity at the time of its Institution than could be admitted into a general History of the Order.
After William St Clair of Rosslyn had pointed out to the Edinburgh Lodges the beneficial effects which would accrue to the Fraternity by having a nobleman or gentleman of their own choice as Grand Master Mason of Scotland, he resigned into the hands of the Brethren his hereditary title to that honourable office. In consequence of which the following letter was transmitted to all the Lodges in Scotland, requesting them to appear next St Andrew's Day, November 30, 1736, by themselves or proxies, in order to concur in the election of a Grand Master : —
" Brethren,
"The four Lodges in and about Edinburgh having taken to their serious consideration the great loss that Masonry has sustained throw the want of a Grand Master, authorised us to signify to you, our good and worthy Brethren, our hearty desire and firm intention to chuse a Grand Master for Scotland ; and, in order that the same may be done with the greatest harmony, we hereby invite you (as we have done all
^ [It has been already stated, suprct, p. 51, that the principal Convocations of and relating to Scottish Masonry were held in Kilwinning; other Grand Lodges were however occasionally held elsewhere, and were formed by calling in the assistance of one or more Lodges of tlio locality where the Hereditary Grand ^^aster desired the meeting to be held at the time. Prior to the regular formation of the Grand Lodge of Scotland these assemblies were of fre- quent occnrronce in Edinburgh, as is seen from the records of the Lodge of Edinburgh Mary's Chapel and^the early Minute-book of the Lodge Canongate Kilwinning. — E.]
9n
THE aiSTOBY OF FREB HASONHY.
the otlier regular LoJ^^es koown by U5,) to coticar in euch a great and good work, whereby it's boped Masonry may bo restored to Ua antient lustre io tfiis kiagdome ; and for cffccitiatiDg tlila laudable dosigae, wo humbly deam that betwixt and Martin mass- day noxtj you wiil be plemod to give ua a brotherly answer in relatiou to the oloctiou of a Gru.tjd Master, which wo propoae to be on St Androw*fl Day for the first time, and ever thereafter to be upon St John the Baptist's Day, or as tbe Grand Lodge shall appoint by the majority of voices, which are to be collected from the Masters and Wardeas of aU the regular Lodges then present, or by Proxy to any Master Mason or Fellow- Craft in any Lodge in Scotland j and the election is to be in St Mary's CbappelL All that is hereby proposed is for the advancement aad prosperity of Masokrie in its greatest and most charitable porfectioD, We hope and oxpcct a emtablo return ; wherein, if any Lodges are defective, they have tbemaelves only to blame. We heartily wish you all manner of aucooss and prosper! ty, and we are, witli groat respect, your affectionate and loving Brethren, &c/*
On the day appointed for the election of the Grand Master and other OtBcc^Bearera of the Grand Lodge, the following Lodges appeared by thenuelves or proxies : —
Lodge of Edi nbnrgh, St Mary's Chipel. Strathayen.
Mother Kilwinning*
CanoDgate Kilwinning.
Kilwinning Scots Arms.
Kilwinning Leith.
Kilwinning Glasgow.
St John, Capar of Fife.
Ancient Brazen, Linlithgow.
Danfermline.
Dundee.
Dalkeith Kilwinning.
Aitchison's-Haven.
St John, Selkirk.
Old Kilwinning St John, Invenieas.
St John, Lesmahagow.
St Bride, Douglas.
St John, Lanark.
Hamilton Kilwinning.
Dunse.
Kirkaldy«
Journeymen Masons, Edinburgh.
Kirkintilloch.
Biggaf.
Sanquhar.
Peebles Kilwinning.
St Mungo, Glasgow.
Greenock Kilwinning.
Falkirk.
Aberdeen.
Maryburgh.
Canongate and Leith, Leith and
Canongate. Montrose Kilwinning.
The rolls being called, and the Masters and Wardens having produced their respective powers entitling them to vote in this election, the following Resignation of the oflSce of Hereditary Grand Master was given
THE HISTORY OF FREE MA80NRV. 90
in by William St Clair of Roslin, Master of the Lodge Canongate Kil- winDing^ : —
" I, William St Clair of Rosaline^ Esquire, taking to my consideration that the Maasons in Scotland did, by several deeds, constitute and ap- point W^illiam and Sir William St Clairs of Rossline, my ancestors, and their heirs, to be their patrons, protectors, judges, or masters ; and that my holding or claiming any such jurisdiction, right, or privilege, might be prejudicial! to the Craft and vocation of Massonrie, whereof I am a member, and I being desireous to advance and promote the good and utility of the said Craft of Massonrie to the outmost of my power, doe therefore hereby, for me and my heirs, renounce, quit, claim, overgive, and discharge, all right, claim, or pretence that I, or my heirs had, have, or any ways may have, pretend to, or claim, to be patron, protector, judge, or master of the Massons in Scotland, in virtue of any deed or deeds made and granted by the said Massons, or of any grant or charter made by any of the Kings of Scotland, to and in favours of the said William and Sir W^illiam St Clairs of Rossline, or any others of my pre- decessors, or any other manner of way whatsomever, for now and ever : And I bind and oblige me, and my heirs, to warrand this present re- nounciation and discharge at all hands ; and I consent to the registra- tion hereof in the Books of Councill and Session, or any other judges' books competent^ therin to remain for preservation j and thereto I con- stitute
my procurators, <fec. In witnes whereof I have sub-
' [Among the Illustrations to this Volume is a Sketch of the last Heredi- tary Grand Master Mason of Scotland taken from the original Picture, in the possession of the Lod^e Canongate Kilwinning, where St Clair was initiated. It is to be regretted that the records of that Lodge contain no notice of the time when so interesting a memorial came into its possession. Neither is the Artist's name known, although, with some probability, it is supposed to be an early production from the pencil of Allan Ramsay, son of the Poet. Young Ramsay studied at Home, and there became a Mason in the year 1736. The Picture is first incidentally adverted to in the Minutes of the Canongate Kilwinning Lodge towards the end of last century.
It may not be unworthy of remark that the Jewel suspended from the sash worn by St Clair, as delineated in the Picture, is not his Badge of Office as Hereditary Grand Master Mason, but the general Badge of the Masonic Order, as worn in the early part of the eighteenth century. This Badge — the Level — was at that time general among the Craft ; no ordinary Ledges then meeting in the Third Degree ; which accounts for the Brethren at largo adopting the symbol of the Senior Warden, and of the Fellow Crafts whom he repre- sented.— Introduction to Laws and Constitutions of Grand Lodge, 1848. — E.J
100
THE HlSTORTf OP FUEB MASOMIY.
acribed theae preaenta, (written by David Maul, Writer to tlio Siguot), lit EdiobuT^'h^ llie twenty-fonrtb *lfty of November one tbousaud seren liandrod aud tbirty-six years, Leibro tbeso w^itoesBes, George Fruaer, Depnty- Audi tor of the Kxctae in Seotiantl^ Master of the Cation gate Lodge, and William Montgomerit^ Merchant in Leitb, Maater of tha Lioith Lodge.
Sio SubecTibitnr,
Wm. St Claih.
Geo. Fra;ier^ CaoongatyO Kilwinning, fvttttfsjf. Wm* Motitgomorie, LeitL Kilwinning, tpUneu."
Thia Hetiignation being read and reecivedj wa« ordered to be pre*
served in ibe reeorda oftLe Grand Lodge. Ibo Hretbrentben proceed- ed to tbe election of a Grand jNJaater To tlii» brgb oflliee William St Clair, of lloslin, waa unanimously y boson, in eon si deration of tbe uobility and nntif^uity of bia family, of Wu zeal for tbe advancement of tbe Order, and tlto peculiar connection of bis ancestors with tbe Masonic History of Scotland,
Tbereafter Ca[)tain Jobn Young waa elected Depute Grand Master; Sir W. BiiUUe of Lamington, Senior Grand Wanlen; Sir Alexander Hope of Keree, Junior Grund Warden; Dr Jnbn Moncrief, Grand Treasurer; John Macdougall, Esq. Grand Secretary; and Mr Robert Alison, Grand Clerk, who being all present, accepted tbeir respective offices, and engaged to be faitliful therein.^ Whereupon the Grand Master took instruments in the Grand Clerk's hands on the foresaid election, and afterwards he and his Depute and Wardens were saluted and invested with the insignia of their several offices, conform to the regulations.
The first Quarterly Communication was appointed to be held in St Mary's Chapel, upon Wednesday the 12th day of January next, and the Lodge was closed in due form.
This concluded the business of the first meeting of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, whoso history, as drawn from the Records, we shall now proceed to detail.
At the first Quarterly Communication the minutes and proceedings of the Masters and Wardens of the four Masonic Lodges, and the minutes of the Grand Election were read, unanimously approved of, and ap- pointed to be recorded in the Books of the Grand Lodge.
All Lodges who were not regularly constituted were enjoined to apply for a new constitution, in order that they may be enrolled on the Grand
* [Tbe Grand Officers-bearers from 1736 to 1857-8 will be fonnd, arranged in a tabular form, in Chapter XIV, infra, — E.J
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 101
Lodge Registiy; and those who had been properly constituted were required to exhibit their patents^ for confirmation thereof. In conse- quence of this, almost all the Lodges applied for new constitutions, and by a ready and voluntary renunciation of their former rights, evinced the steadiness of their attachment to the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and their unfeigned acknowledgment of her jurisdiction and power.
The Grand Lodge having ordained that a fee should be exacted from every person who had been initiated into the Order since the date of her institution, or who might afterwards be initiated, and that this fee should make a part of the Charity Fund for the relief of indigent and distressed Brethren, the Mother Kilwinning Lodge petitioned that this should not be demanded from Operative Masons^ many of whom found it difficult enough to advance the dues to their respective Lodges. This request of the Mother Kilwinning Masons, however, was rejected; and the Grand Lodge decreed that those who refused or neglected to pay said entry -entry should receive no aid from the Charity Fund.
At the Quarterly Communication on 13th April 1737, the sum of L.IO was collected in aid of the Charity Fund.
The inhabitants of Edinburgh and its environs having resolved to erect an Infirmary or Hospital, for the reception of poor patients who were unable to procure for themselves medical assistance, the Grand Lodge proposed to pay, out of her own funds, a certain number of Operative Masons, to assist in building the Infirmary, provided the managers of that Institution would allot a particular apartment therein for the reception of a few infirm Masons, who should be recommended by the Grand Master. Circular letters were immediately despatched to all Daughter Lodges, requesting their concurrence in a proposal at once so humane and benevolent.
It having long been customary among the Fraternity to hold their principal assemblies on St John the Baptist's Day, it was resolved however by the Grand Lodge, for many reasons, that the Annual Elec- tion should no longer be celebrated on that day, but on the 30th of November, the birth-day of St Andrew, the tutelar Saint of Scotland.
1737. November 30. The Right Honourable George, Earl of Crom- arty, was this year elected Grand Master.
It was resolved that all the Lodges holding of the Grand Lodge should be enrolled according to their seniority, which should be deter- mined from the authentic documents which they produced ; those pro- ducing none to be put at the end of the roll.
It was unanimously resolved and ordained that the four Quarterly Communications of the Grand Lodge be held in St Mary's Chapel, Edin-
102 THB HlOTOaV OP VRFM JCASOJ^TRV.
bur;i;h, at three e. M., on the first We'lueaday ftf each of the four Scotch
Qua.rt*rly Terciflj viz.: — CanJlomaa, Wbitsnutlay, La-minas, uml Mar- tin tiiaa, if these tenus fall upon a WeUaeathy, atiil if not, the first "\VetlneflrUy thereafter, 80 that the reppeeetitativee of the aevera] Lodgoe iti S^otla&J may know to a certainty whea aud ^here to attend th^sc meetings^ without puttiug tho Grand Lodge to the expeace of printing and Uespatchtng circulars-
The hecevolence and liberality of the different Lwdgoe wore amply displayed by their generooa doaationa for the biiilding of the Royal Infirmary j and tijat particular attachment to the Brethren of the Otdeti whirh, by tha principles of Free Afaaonry, they are bound to cherish^ wa§ al9Q exemplified in th^ir eager exertiooe to pmcure an apartmeot of the Uoepital for distresBed Ma»ona, who^ from the very nature of their profession, are mure exposed to accidents than any other clai&s* of tho community.
A letter waa received by the Grand Lodge from George Drummond, Kin\i one of tho ConimisaiouerH of Excise, and Troaident of the Managers of the Royal Infirmary, informing them that the Fouudation-atond thert*of waa to be laid on the 2d of August 1738, between three and four F^M.^and requesting the presence of the Grand Master and hia Brethren to give their oount<»naoce jind assistance to tho under taking. With this request the Grand Lodge unanimously complied ; on which day the Foundation-stone of the New Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh was laid in the following manner.
The Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Town Council, preceded by tho City Officers and Mace, walked in procession from the Council-Chamber to the ground where tho foundation bad been prepared. Immediately after them came the Free and Accepted Masons, in their proper clothing and jewels, arranged in the following order: —
The Tylers of the several Lodges of Edinburgh and its neighbourhood.
Brethren not belonging to the Grand Lodge, walking by threes.
The Lodges as they stand enrolled, the youngest walking first,
the Masters being supported by their respective Wardens.
The Officers of the Grand Lodge.
The Grand Stewards, by threes.
The Grand Secretary with his Clerks.
The Grand Treasurer with his Purse.
The Grand Wardens.
The Most Worshipful Tho Grand Master,
attended by those Brethren of distinction who did not represent any
particular Lodge.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 103
» ^ -
The President and College of Physicians walked in procession from their own Hall; the Surgeons from their Hall ; and, alongst with them, several of the Lords of Session ; the Dean, and many of the Faculty of Advocates; the Writers to His Majesty's Signet; the Presbytery of Edinburgh ; several of the Incorporations, and a great number of per- sons of rank and distinction.
When the procession reached the ground, the Grand Master and his Brethren surrounded the plan of the foundation hand in hand ; after which the Grand Master, along with the Proses of the Managers of the Royal Infirmary, having come to the east comer of the foundation where the stone was to be laid, placed the same in its bed ; and after the Right Honourable the Lord Provost had laid a medal under it, each in their turn gave three strokes upon the stone with an iron mallet, which was succeeded by three clarions of the trumpet, three huzzas, and three claps of the hands.
Several societies and individuals made large contributions upon this occasion for carrying on the work. Many gentlemen, and proprietors of quarries, made presents of stone and lime; merchants gave considerable quantities of timber ; the farmers in the neighbourhood agreed to carry all the materials free of charge ; the journeymen masons furnished each a certain quantity of hewn stones ; and as this undertaking was for the relief of the diseased, lame, and maimed poor, even the common labourers agreed to work a day in each month gratis ; money was also raised by voluntary contribution ; and there appeared such a spirit amongst all ranks to encourage the undertaking, that the building was expected to be finished without the least encroachment upon the capital stock.
On the conclusion of the ceremony, the Magistrates, attended by a great number of the company, returned to the Borough-room, where several loyal and appropriate toasts were given. In the evening a numerous and splendid assembly, for the benefit of the Institution^ crowned the festivities of the day.
1738. November 30. The Right Honourable John, Earl of Kintore, Knight Marischal of Scotland, was elected Grand Master.
It was reported to the Grand Lodge by George Drummond, Esq., one of the Managers of the Royal Infirmary, that the Directors of that Insti- tution, out of gratitude to the society of Free Masons for their counten- ance and aid in building the Royal Infirmary, had unanimously agreed that preference should always be given to distressed and infirm Brethren in one of the galleries thereof.
Since the in^titutioa of the Grand Loilgo, tbo principles of tlie Cnift Uttil JicoTi &0 mpUJy pR»pagated tbrougb uvory jiart of tho kingdom tbat It woA found neceseary to appoint Provincial Umml Masters oyer partiriUar dtBtncte, who were einpow^'red to Imld general nieetings, and lc> titki? cogiiifianco of eyery thing relating to Musoury witUin the bounds of their Provinco, In consetnieiice of this resolution, Alt^taniler Drum- mood, Eistj. Master of Greenock Kilwinning, wa^i appoiottHi Provincial Grand Miu^ter over the Lod^ea iti tbo weiitcru oouutice of Scotland* Although lijis was tlie fir^t appointment of tho kind aiuco the institution of tho Grand LtA^o^ nevertheless there was an oiKce of the same kind durin^^ iho rcngn of Jamoif VI of ScotUnd, aa Ujia heun already slated in the Geuenil Hiatoty. ^
1739* NovKMBEK 30, The Right Honourable Jainofi* Earl of Morton, Knight of the Thltftle, vrtka thia day eleeteii Grand Master,
A prcHtint of ten (Kmndtt Atertin^ was paid into the Charity Food of tbe Grand l*odgr by tho Karl of i^intoro.
The Mnnngcrfi of ihfr Koyal Infirmary bavinLr re<|NC3tod the company of the Grund Lodge^ together with those of the City LodgeSj at the laying uf tlie Konndalion-etonc of the western wing of the Intirmary, on the 14t.h Muy J74iJj tho Hight Hononmhle the Gmnd Master, attended by the Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge, and the Office-bearers and Brethren of various other Lodges, walked in procession from St Mary's Cliapel to the Royal Infirmary, where the Foundation-stone of the western part of the building was laid with the usnal solemnities.
It has been frequently and justly remarked, that those philosophers who speculate most upon universal benevolence, have been proportionably deficient in bringing it into action ; this accusation has also been keenly urged against the supporters of Free Masonry, who are bound at their ini- tiation to relieve the distresses, and supply the wants of their Brethren. It is proper therefore to do justice to the Fraternity by recording every extraordinary act of practical benevolence which has been performed by the Grand Lodge of Scotland. The son of an operatiire mason in Edin- burgh having been left at his father's death in the most friendless and indigent condition, was recommended to the patronage of the Grand Lodge. With a readiness which enhanced the value of the action, they agreed to take hin^ under their own charge ; to bind him to an operative mason for eight ^ears, for the freedom of the City and Incorporation of St Mary's Chapel ; and, during that time, to furnish him with clothes and other necessaries. It was also agreed that if any similar applications were made, the same action should be performed every three years. ^ [Vide mpra, p. 61. — E.]
I
THB HISTORY OF FREE MA80NUY. 105
In future a paragraph was ordered to be inserted in the public news- J apers on the Thursday preceding the Quarterly Communications^ that the Lodges might be duly certified of said meetings. A new sot of jewels were purchased for the Grand Officers^ and a full set of Mason tools were ordered for the use of the Grand Lodge, and six copies of Smith's Constitutions anent Masonry. Three examinators were ap- pointed for trying Visiting Members of the Craft who are strangers to the Grand Lodge, and who are desirous of attending the meetings thereof. A recommendation in favour of two Brethren about to proceed to Jamaica was granted by the Grand Lodge, and signed by the Depute Grand Master, addressed to the Brethren in that Island.
For the encouragement of Operative Lodges in the country, they wero granted the privilege of merely paying the Fees of a Confirmation for their Patents of Erection and Constitution .
1740. December 1. The Right Honourable Thomas, Earl of Stratli- more and Kinghom, was elected Grand Master.
It was proposed, and unanimously agreed to, that a correspondence should be opened between the Grand Lodge of Scotland and the Grand Lodge of England, and that the assistance of the latter in building the Royal Infirmary should be particularly requested.
A donation of ten guineas each was given by the Right Honourable the Earls of Cromarty and Morton, late Grand Master Masons of Scot- land, to the Charity Fund of the Grand Lodge.
It was unanimously carried that no proxy or commission should be continued or in force above one year, after which time the Brethren possessed of such Proxies to have no vote in the Grand Lodge unless renewed or ratified by their constituents.
1741. November 30. The Right Ilonourablo Alexander, Earl of Leven, was elected Grand Master.
In the course of the year many charters and constitutions were granted^ various sums paid to the funds of the Royal Infirmary, and numerous widows and distressed Brethren were relieved from the Charity Fund^ conform to the practice of the Grand Lodge.
A donation of ten pounds was given by the Right Honourable the Earl of Strathmoro and Kinghom, Past Grand Master, for the relief of indigent Brethren.
1742. November 30. The Right Honourable William, Earl of Kilmarnock, was elected Gran<l Master.
No events of inij)ortance occurred during the year.
1743. November 30, The Right HonouraMe Jumesir ^^ of Wcmy^,
wiis elected Grand Mstiiter*
A letter was* reati from the Lodge of Kilwinning, complainiDj^ that thuy were only sec on J on the roll, ^rliile, iw the Mother Lodge of Scot- htnd, they were eutUled Ui the first place. The GniDil Lodgo decreed thtit aa the Lodge of Kilvrinning had produced no dot^uvienU to ehow that they wore the ohlest Lodge iu Scotland, aud as tlit? Lodge of Bt Mary'e Chapel huil shewn their roeurdr? aa far hock as 15iJJ8, the latter hiuj an undoubted rj^^ht to of^titioue firjst oil the roll.
Tltis Imding of the Grand Lodge by no moans contradtcte what La^ heiUJ staU^d iu tho G enteral History' respecting the antir|uity of the Kil- winning Lodge* It waa well known, and universally admitted that Kil^ winuiug wa£^ the birth -place of Scottish Masonry ; hut a^ the records of the orl^'inal Lojgo were lost^ the present Lodge at Kiltviuning conld not prove ihiii thuir^ tvas the identical Lodge ^hich had tirat practised I'reo Masonry in Scotland.
h
1744, NoYEMB^ii 30* The Higbt Honoutnble James, Earl of Mcray, waa elected Grand Master.
A doDatioD of ten gutucas to the Charity Fund wa^ giTou by the
Right Worshipful the (!r . : T y- : ;. Liud tho iisamts sum hy the Right Honourable the Earl of Wemyss, Past Grand Master.
1745. November 30. The Right Honourable Henry David, Earl of Buchan, was elected Grand Master.
In consequence of the great assistance which had been afforded by the Free Masons, in contributions both of money and labour for the erection of the Royal luiirmary, the Managers of that Institution intimated to the Grand Lodge that they had appointed a particular apartment therein for the reception of such infirm Brethren as should be recommended by the Grand Master, and another for such as should be recommended by the Lodge Journeymen, Edinburgh, No. 8.
1746. December 1. William Nisbet, Esq., of Dirleton, was elected Grand Master.
The Lodges throughout Scotland, holding of the Grand Lodge, were this year again divided into Provinces, and Provincial Grand Masters appointed thereto.
1747. November 30. The Honourable Francis Charteris of Amis- field was elected Grand Master.
* [Vide tupra, p. 46.— E.]
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 107
Tbe Past GiUDd Master presented a donation of ten guineas to the Cliarity Fund.
At the anniversary meeting of the Grand Lodge, a petition was pre- sented by the Right Honourable the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, stating, that as his brother, Alexander Drummond, late Master of the Lodge Greenock Kilwinning, and Past Provincial Grand Master of the West of Scotland^ had taken up his residence at Alexandretta in Turkey, and desired to propagate the art and science of Masonry in those part« of the world where he had already erected several Lodges, he prayed the Grand Lodge would be pleased to grant a Provincial Commission in his brother's flavour; which petitiofi having been taken into consideration, the Grand Lodge unanimously granted the prayer thereof; and gave full power to the said Alexander Drummond, and any other whom he might nominate^ to constitute Lodges in any part of Europe or Asia bordering on the Mediterranean Sea ; to superintend the same, or any others already erected in those parts ; and to transmit an account of his proceedings to the Grand Lodge at his earliest convenience.
1748. November 30. Hugh Setou, Esq. of Touch, was elected Grand Master.
A donation of ten guineas for the use of the Poor Brethren was given by the Past Grand Master.
The usual meetings and solemnities were held and observed through- out the year, but without any event of sufficient importance to be recorded here.
1749. November 30. The Right Honourable Thomas, Lord Erskine, was elected Grand Master.
The usual donation to the Charity Fund was given by the Past Grand Master.
The funds of the Grand Lodge were much diminished during the year by numerous payments to indigent Brethren : While her jurisdic- tion was greatly extended by the erection of many new Lodges, and the confirmation of old constitutions.
1750. November 30. The Right Honourable Alexander, Earl of Eglinton, was elected Grand Master.
The proceedings of the Grand Lodge were distinguished by no impor- tant events in the course of this year.
1751. November 30. The Right Honourable James, Lord Boyd, was elected Grand Master.
TBS niSTORY OF FREE MAE&^UY,
r
It liad bitborto bo^n customary for the Grand Master to nominate hts
puceo**or at the Quarterly CommunioatioD wbicb precwletl the Grand EIectii>T»> Lord Boyd baving overlooked this part of bU daty, tbe defi- cietiey was supplied by a ct^mmittce appointed for the purpose, whose jmlicioiia choice was of great benefit to tbe Onlcr,
1752. NovEMU£R do. George Druinmuud, Eaq. w&s elected Gratjd
Master,
At the Quarterly Communicatioo ou 1st August 1753, a message was reeexved by ibe Grand Lodge informing^ tbem tliat tbo FouDdatioo-^tono of tbe n^yal K\cbar(;jc<^ iiras to be laid on the J ^tb Septemlf^r proximo, Mill rei|uosting tbo couotenaace of the Graod Lod^e, attended by the other Lodges id atid about Edinburgh, on that occasion, which rc<inc*it waa unanimously acceded to; and in order that tbo ceremony might be conducted with that propriety and re^larity becoming the dignity of tbe Grand Lodg^and the solemnity of the occasion, a plan of tbo procession was 6nbse<]uently transmitted to the Critft by tbe Grand MAfiter, tbo obeerviincu of wbicb by the Brethren conduced in a great measuro to the gmtifying manner in wbicb the ceremonial was carried on and coQcludedp
In the morning, the Grand Lodge ordered a triumphal arch, in the Augustine style, to be erected at the entrance to the place where the stone was to bo laid. In the niches, betwixt the columns, on each side of tiio gate, were two figures, representing Geometry and Architecture, each as large as life. The entablature was of the Corinthian Order, and the frieze contained the following inscription, — " Quod felix faustum-
QHE SIT.**
In the centre compartment, over the entablature, was represented, under a canopy, the Genius of Edinburgh in a curule chair. On her right hand stood a group of figures representing the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, in their robes ; and on her left another group, representing the Noblemen and Gentlemen who were employ- ed as overseers of the intended structure ; in front was the Grand Master, presenting a plan of the Exchange, attended by several of his Brethren in Masonic costume. The whole was decorated with laurels.
On the wedt of the site of the Foundation-stone a theatre was erected for the Magistrates, covered with tapestry and decked with flowers ; directly opposite to it, on the east, was another theatre, adorned in the same manner, for the Grand Master and the Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge ; around were galleries for the other Lodges, and for ladies and gentlemen.
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. lOU
The Foundation-Stone, with the following inscription, was exhibited early in the morning for puhlix; inspection : —
Georgius Drummondus
In Architectonica Scotise Repub.
Curio Maximus,
Urbis Edinburgi ter Consul,
Adstantibus Fratribus Architectonicis ccc.
Prsesentibus multibus Regni Magnatibus,
Senatu etiam Populoque Edinensi, et Hominum Ordinis cnjusquo
Magna stipante frequentia,
Cunctisque plaudentibus ;
Ad Edinensinm commoditatem et Decus publicum,
iEdificiorum novorum Principium lapidem hunc posuit
GuLiELMO Alexandro, Cons.
Idibus Septembr. A. D. mdccliii.
JEtso Architectonicaj vmdccliii.
Imperiiqne Georgii II, Britanniarum Regis
Anno XXVII.
Below the inscription were three apertures, each fitted to contain a medal struck on the occasion. On the one side of this medal was the effigy of the Grand Master in profile, vested with the ribbon peculiar to his office ; and in front of him a view of the Royal Infirmary, with this inscription : — " G. Drdmmond, Architect. Scot. Su»imus Magis. Edin. ter Cos.*'
On the reverse of the medal was a perspective view of the Exchange, encircled with the words, — " Urbi exornandae, civiumque Commodi- tati ;" and underneath, — " Fori Novi Edinbnrgensis posito Lapide prime, Ordo per Scotiam Architcctonicus excudi jussit, xiii Septembris mdccliii."
Another medal was struck commemorative of the event. On the obverse was the effigy, &c., as above, and on the reverse the Masonic arms, enclosed within the collar of St Andrew, with the inscription, — " In the Lord is all our Trust."
The Brethren were convened in St Mary's Chapel at three o'clock p. M., in all their proper clothing and jewels, where they were met by the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, who represented to them that as he proposed to execute this solemn act of his office in the most regular manner, the order of procession, which had been transmitted to the Master of every Lodge, was to be strictly observed on this occasion.
110 TFIfi eiSTORV OF FRliE HAB05RV.
Shortly after tliree o^cl<M!kf tlie procession advanced io the foUowin^r order : —
A body of Operative Maaons not belonging to any Lodge present* A band of French honu,
Tho Lodges present hi the ftillowiog order : —
A Military Lodge from Geneml Johnigton's lUgiment
Thiatle, Kdirdmrgh.
Scots Lodge in Canotjgate. [Now St Andrew^ No. 4S,]
HolywHrtl Houw- [Now St Luke, (l]olyri)odhonat\) Na. 44,]
Vernon Kilwinning,
CiocJtg&te from Leitb. [Now St Uarid, No, 36,]
Diilkuitli Kilwitininjuf.
Joiirneymeu, Kdiubiirgh.
Canaiigate and Ltaih, LettU and Canongat<?.
Lei til Kilwinning*
Cuncmguto Kil winnings
St M^ry'ti Clmpul-
All the Brethren newly clothed, and tb« Mudtefa itnd Wardens m the
clothing and jewels of their respective Lodgea, with their boiige*
of dignity, formeJ the \\iA rank of each Lodge,
A body of Gentlemen Masons belonging to Foreign Lodges*
A band of hiiutboya.
The Golden Conipaaeee, carried by an Operative Mason.
Three Grand Steward:^, with rods*
Grand Secretary^ Grand Treasurer, and Grand Clerk,
Three Grand Stewards, with rode.
Golden Square, Level, and Plumb, carried by three Operative Masons,
A band of French boms.
Three Gmud StewanU, with rods.
TLc Grand Wardens.
The Cornucopia and Golden Maltet, carried by the Officer of the
Gratjd Lodge and an Operative Mavon.
The Gha.nu Mac^teu,
supported by a Past Grand Master, and the present Snbstitnte.
A body of Operative Masons*
A ooDipj\ny of the City Guard covered the rear, and the whole
Brethren, numbering nearly 10i}j walked uncovered.
At the head of Niddry's Wyud [Street] the procession was received by a body of military and a conipuny of grenadiers, drawn np in two
THE HISTOKY OF FREK MASO^Ky. 111
lines, under arms. By these it was escorted ; one-half of the grenadiers marching in the front, and the other half in the rear, with fixed bayonets. The officer of the city guard, at the head of his company, paid the proper military honours as they passed. In this order they marched, drums beating and music playing, to the Parliament Close. Here the masons and the troops were formed, each into two lines. Notice being sent to the Council-Chamber, the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, in their robes, the City Sword and Mace borne before them, preceded by the City Officers with their halberts, came into the Parliament Close, and were received by the Grand Master and the Officers of the Grand Lodge at the north-west corner, next to the Council-Chamber. The procession then moved in the following manner : —
First, the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, attended by several of the gentlemen employed in the direction of the public works, walked through the lines ; the Grand Master, supported as before, the jewels, &c., borne before him, went next ; then followed the several Lodges according to their seniority. Having in this manner passed through the triumphal arch, the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council proceeded to the theatre on the west, — the Grand Master and the Officers of the Grand Lodge to that on the east, — and the daughter Lodges to the galleries respectively assigned to them. There was a chair for the Grand Master, with a table before it, covered with tapestry, on which were placed the jewels, «kc., the cornucopia, and two silver vessels filled with wine and oil.
When the company were thus properly arranged, the Grand Master took his seat, and the stone was, by order of the Substitute Gnmd Master, slung in a tackle, and let down gradually, making three regular stops before it came to the ground, during which the Masonic Anthem was sung, accompanied by the music, all the Brethren joining in the chorus. The Grand Master, supported as before, preceded by his Officers, and the Operative Masons carrying the jewels, &c., descended from the theatre, and passing through the Grand Officers to the place where the stone lay, the Substitute Grand Master deposited in each of the three cavities cut in the stone, one of the before-mentioned medals. The Past Grand Master and the Substitute having retired, two Operative Brethren took their places, with whose assistance the Grand Master turned the stone and laid it in its bed, the inscription undermost.^
The Grand Master then taking his station at the east of the stone, with his Substitute on the left, and his Wardens in the west, the opera- tive who carried the square delivered it to the Substitute, who presented it to the Grand Master, and he having applied it to that part of the
^ The stone is in the south-east comer of the west wing.
atone wKicli wa^ aquarej returned it to the operative. The operative
who carried tbe plumb, then delivered it to the SuLstituto, who proaeated it alao to the Grand Ma^teti and he hA^^ing applied it Uj the ed^e« of the stone^ holdin;; it upright, deliv^ercd it ngaiii to the operative. In like maimer the opemtive who carried the level, delivered it to the Substitute, wluch ho likewise presented to the Gra.&d Maaterj who •pplied it above tlie vtoDe in eeverftl poBitions^ and returned it to the opemtive. The mallet was then presented to the Gra-ud Maater, who gave three knocks ufKin the stone, which was followed hy the G rani I HoTioure from the Brethren. An anthem was then anng, accompanied by the mudit; ; daring which tljo c^)rnucopia, and the two silver vesifels contnihing the wine and oit, were hrought down to the stone. The cornucopia was delivered to the Subt^titnte, and the vessels to the Wardens. The anthem being concluded, the Substitute presented the cornucopia to tbe Grand Master, who turned out the cara at com n]ion the stone. The silver ve6«eh were then delivored by the War- dens to the Suhrititute* and by him presentofl to the Grand Master, who poured the content^s upon the stonej sayings *^ Mtiy the bountiful hand of Heaven supply ibis city with abundance of corn, wine, oil, and all the other conveniences of life," This waa anccceded by the Grand Honour^ after which an anthem was sung. The Grand Master then repeated these words : — " As we have now laid this Foundation- stone, may the Grand Architect of the universe, of His kind providence, enable us to carry on and finish the work which we have now begun ; may He be a guard to this place, and the city in general ; and may He preserve it from decay and ruin to the latest posterity.*' The> ceremony was concluded with a short prayer for the Sovereign, the senate of the city, the Fraternity of Masons, and all the people ; the anthem was resumed, and the Grand Master returned to his chair amidst the plaudits of the Brethren.
The Grand Master then addressed the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, and such of the gentlemen employed in the direction of the building as were present : —
" My Lord and Gentlemen, " In the public character which I now hold at the head of my Brethren of this ancient and honourable Society, I presume to address you ; and in their name, and for myself, I return you my most humble and hearty thanks for the honour you have done us in witnessing our laying this Foundation-stone. May you and your successors be happy instruments of forwarding this great and good work, of which we have now so fair a prospect As it will add greatly to the ornament and
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 113
advantage of the city, so I hope it will be a lasting honour to you, and a means of transmitting your memories to the latest posterity.
" To such of you, my fellow-citizens, as are joined in the direction of this building with the other noble and generous patrons of the intended public works, I address myself particularly, and at the desire of my Brethren, some of whom have become contributors, and I hopelnore will soon follow the laudable example. I beg leave to observe, that as these works are designed for the ornament, interest, and convenience of the city, it is not doubted but that you will be attentive, with the most vigorous and ardent zeal, to pursue the whole of the scheme for the general good, and on no account to allow private interest or party humour any where to prevail or interfere. I would not have presumed to express myself in this manner were it not absolutely necessary, for the success of such works, that the public should be entirely satisfied of the dis- interestedness of the Directors. Jealousies, if there should be any at our setting out, could not fail to be attended with fatal consequences ; no less^ perhaps, than the entire overthrow of the scheme. They would occasion an unhappy backwardness, if not a stagnation in the contribu- tions ; as prejudices, however ill-founded, are always very difficult to be overcome. This could not but give the utmost concern to all of us, and to every good citizen.
'' The task I have undertaken will no doubt to some appear insur- mountable ; it must, indeed, be confessed to be difficult. But my experience of the kindness of Providence in a late affair of this nature,^ and the generous disposition of my fellow -citizens, and many others, encouraged me to engage likewise in this undertaking. And, whatever judgment the censuring part of mankind may pass, I have a secret satis- faction in thinking that some of my leisure hours are thus usefully employed. I shall cheerfully sacrifice a part of my own quiet and interest, if thereby I can be any way serviceable to the place of my birth, and the metropolis of my country, which has again and again done me the great honour to put me at the head of its Senate. And I flatter myself this resolution will not be thought to proceed from any sinister motives.
'' As I have nothing more sincerely at heart than the finishing the work we have now so happily begun, I am hopeful, that if God in His providence shall not permit us to see it finished, there shall not be wanting gentlemen of abilities, endued with so much love to their country as to think, as I have always done, a part of their time and labour worthily bestowed in superintending and promoting this and all
^ The Royal Infirmary of Edinburf^h.
114 TJJie HlffTOftY OF FREE KAiK^NRT.
tbo otber «chcmw vow in view for tbe l>en&£t of tUo puUia. TluU tbe city uf Editibur^^h iiifly alwoiys 1>o bl«e9od witti many audt ottUena^ ftn^ thnt ttio city, and elU ranks of pooplo tn it, m^y flouridli And b« Luppy, hju evor bcrotif tktid «tiU elmll be, my unfoi^j^cd wUh nnd mo«t ardeoi proyer."
Tbo Cr^nd Master next addressed liimaelf to tLo cantrnetDre and bujld^rfl of the work, to tho following eflect : —
''My Drstor&n Axrt Felijow-CitizesBj
" You Are now al>ont to engage In llio ereeution of tbis great nnder- taking, which I hope will bring you proJit U will brin^ you honour likowiao^ if yon perforni your part faithfully^ 1 pur»uade myself yoa ve OOHTiDcefJ that i*} gain tho i^atecm and tbanka of tho noblo and Jodidoas put rone of tliia work, and of your folio w-citiicns, will hu of DO Mcoali consequence to yon ; and that theso depend on th« cxMUtion of what you now undertake. Your n^pubtttoQ mujtt e^ithi^r btand or fall by it ; for tbo beaatio« or fiiuU^ of public odifir^s aro in a mnnuer njant- fost to evefy body. A i^ood <lp^ign, woll oxtrcntetlf dooj* honour to the nndt*rtak(^ ; hut his rrpiitation muat eiiUVr, if art, prudenoe, gr honesty be wanting. What 1 hnvu ^uid ii^ only by way of oautWn ) for I hare no doubt of yovir wipncjty tij judge of the soutidiiM* of themateriala, or of your knowledge in every thing requisite ; yet let me advise you to consider well, and make yourselves thoroughly acquainted with tho whole of the design ; by having a clear and distinct view of the general plan, you will discover many things uecessary to be known, which other- wise might escape the most accurate ; and thus you will avoid false and expensive executions. I believe it will be convenient that one of your number, sufficiently accomplished to perform every part of the work, and who by a constant study and practice in works of this kind, has de- monstrated bis knowledge, be appointed to attend and oversee the work at all times. I have nothing to add but to recommend a strict ad- herence to the plan, and to whatever the Directors may think fit to pre- scribe ; and that no undue freedom be used by you either in the exterior ornaments or in the interior disposition. You are never to deviate in the least from the design, unless it be thought absolutely necessary by its noble patrons.*'
The ceremony being over, the Magistrates took leave ; previous to which the Substitute Grand Master presented them with several of the medals struck on the occasion.
The Brethren then walked from the ground to the Palace of Holy- roodhouse in the order before mentioned, and escorted in the same
THB HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 115
manner as in the procession from St Mary's Chapel. On arriving at the Palace gate, the Grand Master^ in his own name and in that of the Brethren, made proper acknowledgments to the commanding officers for their care and prudence. The troops then withdrew.
The Brethren now entered the Inner Court and formed themselves into a square ; and having received the Grand Master, with the Officers of the Grand Lodge into the centre, they paid him the compliments due to his high rank. Ho then proceeded with the usual state, followed by the Lodges according to their seniority, to the great gallery of the Palace, where they were entertained in the decent, solemn, and harmonious manner usual among Masons ; and that nothing might be said to have marred the regularity that had been observed during the whole proceedings^ the Lodge was closed, and the Brethren dispersed about nine o'clock.
On this occasion there was the greatest concourse of people that had ever been witnessed in the city. Wherever the procession passed, all the windows, and even the tops of the houses were crowded. But, not- withstanding the vast multitude, and the hazardous situation into which many were led by their curiosity, the whole ceremony was, by the good- ness of Divine Providence, brought to a happy termination without the slightest accident.
lin TIIU HISTORY OF FKRE MASONUV.
CHAPTER VII.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND FROM NOVEMBER 1753 TO NOVEMBER 1773.
1763. November 30. Charles HamiltoD Gordon, Esq., was elected Grand Master.
No business of importance marked the proceedings of this year.
1754. November 30. The Honourable James, Master of Forbes, was elected Grand Master.
After the Grand Election the Office-bearers, and upwards of four hundred Brethren, walked in procession by torch-light from St Maiy*s Chapel to the High School. This is the first instance of a torcb-Iight procession that occurs in the records of the Grand Lodge.
Upon a Report presented at the Quarterly Communication on 12th November, it was unanimously agrecvl that the Quarterly Commnnica' tions should be hcreaAer hfld on the first Mondays of February, May, August, and November : It was also resolved that Daughter Lodges t^iko pnvodoiuv in prooosi^ions, ito , acoonlin^ to t^ic dute of their entry on ilio Holl^i v^t* ilio liraiul Lv^I^ro.
1755. Pi:ikmi;i:k I. The Ki^-lit Honourable Sbolto Charles, Lord Alvrvlour. wus oltxnovl Gmnl Maxtor.
It wus u:unimou>!y ro<-^!vc\l il::ii the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, lor ilio time b«.i*J^, lo atliliated and recorded as a member of overv U^iu^btor LvMjTO in Nr-. :!aiiil.
Oil od July IT.*»>\ the Lvvi^-o Caiiocj:i:e aavl Leicb, Le'th and Canon- C^te, was oviisccrutcvi by the Kcv. JoLr. Maclure, Gnir.d Chaplain, in p:>»<>ei:vV of :':-o Gratul M;is:or aui Odioe be>ir*:r< of the Gnni Lo^ce.
In vvj^cv^uc'-av of a Toihlou fp;:ii the Loojrt^ a: Ke!>Ov stasia^ :ha: :he pr\'j:rv>s c- :1c Irui^^i* :ho:: luildicj orer :Le Twc^d wa.? Mtely ^v> be r\*:aLrvl'Al f . r wau: cf u*. :::vy. ari rv'^acsciiij^ ass: stance frcni :h'? :i"i- :: :ho Craui Lv.x:^\ twc-j;y ^uizeas wi:? r.tcd fcr carrrir^o:! iiis imix-c-
175c^. NoNv.M'srK "0. r.i<e Ric^: HozciracLe Sc:-:,^ CijLr--^^ Lcri AK^ruour. ^as rv^I^*5e»i G:^z^i Miscer. wbicc is :h« f rs: irscaro? o: a r\^ccc:oa si-.o.* :he i^stiiuu.c cf iie Graa-i Lo*i^. A raiec: .f ervc- tictt ^:k> ^rac:eu cf tii* dace w the Lod^ Sc Aiidrew. Bccfcoa. Ma.i{sA~
THE UISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 117
The prayer of a petition from Lodge Holyroodbouso, for warrant of Consecration, was granted, and Brother the Reverend John Maclure, Grand Chaplain, appointed to perform the ceremony.
1757. November 30. The Right Honourable Alexander, Earl of Galloway, was elected Grand Master.
No events of public interest occurred during the year.
1758. November 30. The Right Honourable Alexander, Earl of Galloway, was re-elected Grand Master.
Ordered that henceforth the Grand Chaplain bo a member of the Grand Lodge, and as Brother John Maclure has acted in that capacity for a considerable time, that be be duly installed thereinto, and take rank and precedence accordingly.
On the 2d March 1759 the Grand Chaplain was directed to consecrate the Lodges Pythagoras, Borrowstounness ; St Andrew, Edinburgh ; and St Regulus, Cupar-Fife.
The Grand Lodge, on the recommendation of the Charity Commit- tee, having taken into consideration the distressed condition of the French prisoners confined in the Castle of Edinburgh, resolved to lay out ten guineas in supplying them with clothes and other necessaries, giving the preference to those who were Brethren, without however neglecting the necessities of such as were uninitiated. We have already mentioned several instances of benevolence by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, but we are persuaded that this conduct to the French prisoners will procure the esteem of every generous and philanthropic mind.
1759. NovFJtfBER 30. The Right Honourable David, Earl of Leven, was elected Grand Master.
Several Scotch Brethren having erected a Lodge at Charlestown, South Carolina, transmitted five guineas to the Grand Lodge for the use of the Masonic poor. Grateful for this unexpected instance of benevo- lence, the Grand Lodge ordered a charter to be made out and transmit- ted to them ; they having signified a wish to hold their meetings under the Scottish banner, by the name of " The Union Kilwinning Lodge."
On the 24th April 1760, the Most Worshipful the Grand Master and Brethren in and about Edinburgh, walked in procession from the Lodge of Canongate Kilwiuning, to lay the Foundation-stone of the Canongate Poor-House, which was performed with the usual solemnities ; and attended the Theatre in the evening, the performances being for the benefit of the said institution.
At the Quarterly Communication, on 17th November 1760, a Charter was expede in favour of the Lodge St Andrew, Jamaica.
ns TBB ttunroBT of phee maso^trv.
1760- Decembeu 1. Tbe Right Honourable THvul, Earl of Lereiif was ro elected Grand Ma^terj aud the Right HououraMe Charlea^ Eaifl of Elgin and Kincardine, cbo&en Grand Master Elect
In the course of the year various Charters were granted^ but there were no occorreucoe of gcneml interest
176L NoTEMUER 50, The Right HonouTablo Charles, Earl of Elgin And KiucardinO} Wiia ebcted Grand Mooter.
Amongst the numerous Petitions to the Charity Fund, wa^ one from tivo French Brethr<^n^ pri^iitir£< in Edinburgh Caetle, \rhn were allowed
four guineas by the Grand Lodge.
1762. NovEMtiEit 30. The Right Honourable Churlea, Earl of Elgin And Kincardine, was re-elected Grand MimtDr,aml the Right Honourable John, Earl of Kellie, chosen Grand Mfu^ter Kloct.
On lOth October 17^3, a letter was received from tho Lord Provost, M^igistmtcs, and Town Council of Edinburgh, refjuesting the ossistanco of the Grand Master and his Brethren in laying the Foundation -stone of the North RridgCj on the 2lst current; which request having been MOod«d to by the Grand Lodge^ the Brethren assembled that ihiy in the PiLHtamcnt House at two o'clock i>.m. In absence of the Earl of Elgin the present Grand Master^ Brother the Right Honourable George Drummond, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Past Grand Master, was ap- pointed to officiate in his stead. At three o'clock the procession moved in the following order, the Masters and Wardens forming the rear rank of their respective Lodges : —
Musselburgh Kilwinning. The Military Lodge of the Duke of Norfolk. Thistle, Edinburgh. Journeymen, Edinburgh.
St Andrew, Edinburgh. Canongate and Leith, Leith
St Luke, Edinburgh. and Canongate.
St Giles, Edinburgh. Leith Kilwinning.
St David, Edinburgh. Canongate Kilwinning.
Dalkeith Kilwinning. St Mary*8 Chapel.
Brethren not belonging to any Lodge present. A Band of Music. The Golden Compasses carried by an Operative Mason. Grand Secretary, Grand Treasurer, and Grand Clerk. Three Grand Stewards with rods. President of Grand Stewards. Golden Square, Level, and Plumb, carried by three Operative Masons.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 119
A Vocal and an Instrumental Band.
Three Grand Stewards with rods.
The Grand Chaplain, carrying the Bible.
The Grand Wardens.
The Cornucopia and Golden Mallet, carried by the Grand Lodge Officer
and an OperatiFe Mason.
The Grand Lodge.
A body of Operative Masons.
In this order the procession, escorted by two companies of military and the city-guard, proceeded along the street, by the Netherbow, Leith Wynd, and the road leading west from the port at the foot of that wynd, to the place where the Foundation-stone was to be laid, being a few paces to the north of the new port. Having arrived at the site, the Brethren stationed themselves around the Grand Lodge on platforms erected for the purpose, and the stone was laid by the Grand Master with the usual solemnities, amidst the acclamations of the Brethren and a great con- course of spectators. About five o'clock the Brethren returned in pro- cession, and passed the evening in the Assembly Hall with that social cheerfulness for which the Fraternity is so eminently distinguished.
Three medals, struck on the occasion, were placed below the stone. On one of these was an elevation of the intended bridge j on another a bust of the King [George III] ; and on the third, the following inscrip- tion, which was likewise cut upon the stone : —
F. D. 0. M.
Pontus ad Lethem Edinb. portum.
Lapidem hunc fundaminis principium,
posuit
Georqius Drummondus, Armiger, Urbis Consul,
Pnetorii sui anno duodecimo,
Die Octob. xxi. a. d. mdcclxiii,
iErse autem Architectonicsd Anno vmdcclxiii,
Houorabili summe colendo viro
Carolo Comte de Elgin,
A pud Scotos Artis hnjus Curione maximo,
Ac Georgii III.
Mag. Britan. Fr. ct Hib. Regis
Anno III.
Q. D. B. V.
1763. NovEJUDER 30. The Right Honourable JoUu, EaH of Kelli«, was elected Gran^l Master*
The Loiige St Aodrew, at St Thamas^iu-tho-Eaat) Jamaica^ goncroufily
transmittetl the sum of tou poanda to the Chiinty Futid.
Tho Military LoJ^e " Union/* wa^ thia jeaf ere<jtQd iu Hollaad, The constitution was granted hy the Grand Lodge of Scotland at tho request of tljo principal uHicera of Gcnoral MarjoHbanks regiment, in the serviw of the States- General of the United Provinces.
1764. No\t:mbew 30. Tho Kight HonouraUo John, Eitrl of Kelli^, was reelected Grand Ma^er, and the Ki^^ht HonourahloJamee Stewarti Lord Provo«t of Edinhurgb, chosen Grand Master Eltsct,
Ten ponndfl were tmnaniitted by tlie Lod^jc St Andrew, Jnmaioa, &nd two guineas by the Lodgo St John, Virginia^ to tha Charity Fund* Factri of thia n^ture^ apparently trifling, are meationeil for the infornub- tioQ of those who represent the bcuevoletioe of Free Ma:Mn3 as coanter- feited. We have seen, in more instances than one^ that even the widt; Atlantic cannot separate the hearts of the Brethren.
1765* NovEMBCft 30. The Right Honounible James Stewart, Lord Pmfotit of Edinhargh, was elected Gt&nd Maator.
There having been, np to this period, no proper clothing or jewels belonging to the Grand Lodge for the Grand Officers thereof, suitable clothing and jewels were ordered to be got ready before next St Andrew's Day.
1766. December 1. The Right Honourable James Stewart, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, was re-elected Grand Master, and the Right Hon- ourable George, Earl of Dalhonsie, was chosen Grand Master Elect.
At the Quarterly Communication on 2d February 1767, the Grand Lodge voted fifteen guineas to the funds of the Edinburgh Charity Workhouse.
The Lodge Leith Kilwinning was consecrated on the 2d March by Brother the Reverend James Hunter, minister in Leith.
The elegant Lodge at Dalkeith was consecrated on the 24th November, by Brother Richard Tod, Substitute Grand Master.
1767. November 30. The Right Honourable George, Earl of Dal- housie, was elected Grand Master.
This year the practice of granting diplomas was introduced into the Grand Lodge.
At the Quarterly Communication on 15th March 1768, a charter was
TUK HISTORY OF FREE MASOMiY. 121
eicpede in favour of a Lodge in East Florida, by the name of *' Grant's East Florida/' and a commission was also prepared appointing Govemor James Grant, Provincial Grand Master over the Lodges in the southern district of North America.
The Lodge Royal Arch, which had been disjoined from St Luke, Edinburgh, was consecrated in the month of November by the Grand Chaplain.
1768. November 30. The Right Honourable George, Earl of Dal- housie, was re- elected Grand Master, and His Excellency Lieutenant- General James Adolphus Oughton was chosen Grand Master Elect.
This year various Lodges were chartered and Provincial Grand Masters appointed for the Leeward Islands ; Boston ; <fec., &c.
Several irregularities were committed by the Daughter Lodges at laying the Foundation-stone of a bridge at Glasgow. It appeared that they had elected a Grand Master and other Office-bearers for this purpose, without thinking that such conduct was highly unconstitutional. The Grand Lodge having written upon this subject to the Lord Provost of Glasgow, who was then Provincial Grand Master of the district, a suit- able apology was received.
1769. November 30. His Excellency Lieu tenant-General James Adolphus Oughton was elected Grand Master.
A donation of five guineas was paid by the Most Worshipful the Grand Master to the Charity Fund. No important events marked the pro- ceedings of this year.
1770. November 30. His Excellency Lieutenant-General Oughton was re-elected Grand Master, and the Right Honourable Patrick, Earl of Dumfries, was chosen Grand Master Elect.
The Lodge St Andrew, Jamaica, exemplified their submission to the Grand Lodge of Scotland, by applying for liberty to employ a person of their own appointment for consecrating their Lodge, which was unanimously agreed to.
On the 3d of April 1771, the Foundation-stone of the Cowgate Episcopal Chapel^ was laid by his Excellency Lieutenant-Geueral
^ [This Chapel subsequeptly passed into the hands of the United Presby- terians, and in 1856 into the possession of the Roman Catholic denomination, and is now known as St Patrick's Catholic Chapel. It possesses a fine altar- piece by Runciman, the subject of one of the compartments being the Prodigal Son, which, exclusive of its intrinsic merits as a work of art, has a peculiar interest from the fact that the " Prodigal " is the only known porti-ait of Ferguson the Poet. — E.]
12S T«£ HIHTOHr OF FRER MJLSOHnY.
Ouglitoii, Grand Master Mason of Sootlnnd, attendod by eeveial gentle* men of distinction. Several coins of Lis present MajcsstyB reigTi were deposit^ in t bo a ton e> under u plorte^ conUunin^ tho following inscrip- tion : —
i£)difioii Hacri Eodesin? Episo. Angliue,
Primum poauit bpideuij
J. Adolpuus OUOBTO^,
Jn Arcbitootonica Scotiic Repub. Curio Mas:imua Militum Proefectua^
Ttegnante Geouoio III,
Tottio Apr. Dio. a. d, mpcclxxl
No TO^Iar proc^saion of Maaoua attended upon tbia occafliOD, as tbo countenance of tho Gniud Lodge wn^ not BolicLtod.
1771. November 30. Tbo Rigbt Honourable Ptitrick, Earl of Dum* frioflj wafl elected Grand Master.
A letter was addr<J8sed to the Grand Lodg'o by tbe Rigbt Worsbipful tbe Grand Master, inUmating that, as he was to laj the Foundation-fltooe of tbo Harbour at Ayr on tbo 22d September 1772, bo roquestfKl tlie attendance of as many of the Oflice-bcareTa as possible on the occasion, and also that the clothing and jewels belonging to the Grand Lodge should be sent with them.
On tbo api>ointcd day there were present at the Gmud Lodge held in the Town of Ayr, the Rigbt Hongurablo Patrick, Earl of Dumfries, Most Worshipful Grand Miisler, David Dalryinplo, Usq. of Orange^ field. Acting Depute Grand Maatcr. Rain Whyt, Eb(j. Acting Subeti* tnte Grand Maator William Campbell, Esq, of Fairfield, Acting Senior Grand Warden* William Logan, Esq, Acting Junior Grand Wanleu. Alexander Macdougall, Esq, Gmnd Secretary. Rev, Mr Macgill^ Acting Grand Chaplain. Mr David Bolt, Grand Clerk. And the following Lodges : —
Ayr Kilwinning. St Andrew^ Kilmarnock.
Maybole* Thistle, Stewarton,
St Mamock, Kilmarnock. 6t Andrew, Girvau.
St Jamea, Newton-Ayr.
The Brethren being convened at the King's Arms Tavern, the Grand Master took his j^lace, and stated that as be was desirous that the great- eat attention aud regularity should be observed in tbo course of the solemnity, the following order of prooeaaion would bo strictly adhered to, viz, : —
The youngest Lodges walking £.rstj with the Masters and Offioo- bearere in the rear, * - • —
THE UI8T0RY OF FREE MASONRY. 123
The Brethren belonging to promiscaous Lodges. The Golden Compasses carried by an Operative Mason. Five Grand Stewards with rods. President of the Grand Stewards. Golden Square, Level, and Plumb, carried by three Operative Masons. A Band of Instrumental Music. Three Grand Stewards with rods. The Grand Secretary, Grand Chaplain carrying the Bible, and the Grand Clerk. The Cornucopia and Golden Mallet, carried by the Grand Tyler, and an Operative Mason. The Grand Master, supported by his Depute and Substitute. A body of Gentlemen Masons in their proper clothing.
In the above order the Brethren proceeded to the Church of Ayr, where they heard an excellent discourse delivered by the Reverend Mr Dalrymple, one of the ministers of that place, from Psalm civ, verse 15 — " And wine maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man's heart.*' After which they proceeded in the same order as before to the place where the Foundation-stone was to be laid ; there the Grand Master, attended by his Officers, took his seat in a chair placed upon the end of the quay, the Brethren being situated upon the opposite banks. When the com- pany was properly arranged, the Foundation-stone was slung, by order of the Substitute Grand Master, and let down, making three stops before it came to the ground. In the meantime, the anthem was played by the band^ and then sung by the Brethren. After which the Grand Master, supported as before, and preceded by the proper Officers, passed to the site of the stone, which he laid with the usual ceremonies, con- cluding by pouring out corn, wine, and oil, on the stone, saying, " May the bountiful hand of Heaven ever supply this town with abundance of com, wine, and oil, and all the other conveniences of life." This being succeeded by the Grand honours, the anthem was again played, and when finished, the Grand Chaplain said, " As we have now laid this Foundation-stone, may the Grand Architect of the Universe, of his kind providence, enable us to carry on and finish what we have now began ; and may He be a guard to this place, and the town in general, and pre- serve it from decay and ruin to the latest posterity.'* The ceremony was closed with a short prayer for the Sovereign, the Fraternity, and the people. The Brethren returned in procession from the Quay to the King's Arms Tavern, (the youngest Lodges falling back and allowing the Grand Lodge to pass, the senior Lodges following her in their proper
124 THfi BUJTOHV or FHliK SfASOJiRV,
order,) wber« an clo^ot ©ntertaionioiit was provided for them. All tUe ships Id the Harbour bad theb colours diapUyed, and fired several
rouiula of cantjon,
A Uttflr mia riiweived by tbe Grand Secretary from tbo Grand Lodge of EngJAiUdf (accortlin^^ to tbo old lustLtuttorj.) conUiming a }Ui of the Odico-bearerdi atid tbe following Ucaolutioua W'Uicb they bad adopted,
** Unsolved f
" That it is the opinioii of thia Graud LoJgGij that a hrotbt^Hy oonne^* tion and corredpoaJence with the Higl^t Worshipful Gnind LoiJge of Scotland will be found productive of houour and advantuge to the Kratornity in generals
" Tlfcat tbe Grand Secretary shall tTananiit the naaiei* of the Officers of Mti Graud Lotlgu to the Secretary of tbe Grand Lod^e of Scotland yearly^ or as often as any new cbange U modi; ; together w^tb such itjferrjitttion ha may tend to the honour and intftrost of tbe Ancient Cmft; and that all euoh information or c^irrt^j^pondence shall he con- veyed in the most respectful termja, such as may suit tbe lionour and dignity of botb Grand Lodges.
" Ordered,
** That no Mason (who has been- made under the sanction of the Grand Lodge of Scotland,) shall be admitted a member nor partake of the gene- ral charity, without having produced a certificate of his good behaviour from the Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Scotland ; but upon produc- ing such certificate, he shall receive all tbe houour due to a faithful Brother of the same household with us.
" By Order, (Signed) " William Dickey, G, Sec.
" To the Right Worshipful " The Grand Lodge of Scotland."
1772. November 30. The Right Honourable Patrick, Earl of Dum- fries, was re elected Grand Master, and His Grace the Duke of A thole chosen Grand Master Elect.
The Grand Secretary laid before the Grand Lodge the letter, with enclosures, from the Grand Lodge of England, which having been read and considered, the Grand Lodge were of opinion that the brotherly intercourse and correspondence which the Right Worshipful the Grand Lodge of England was desirous to establish, would be serviceable to both
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 125
Grand Lodges, and productive of honour and advantage to the Fraternity in general, it was therefore
" Ordered,
" That the Grand Secretary do transmit to the Secretary of the Grand Lodge of England the names of the Officers of the Grand Lodge of Scot- land elected this day; and shall henceforth transmit the names of the Grand Officers yearly, or as often as any new change is made, and shall lay such letters, orders, or information, as he may from time to time receive from the Grand Lodge of England, before this Grand Lodge, their Quarterly Communicatious, or Standing Committee ; and also, shall transmit such information as may tend to the honour and advan- tage of the Cyraft, according as he shall be by them directed ; and that he assure the Right Worshipful the Grand Lodge of England, in the most respectful manner, of the desire which the Grand Lodge of Scotland has to cultivate a connection with them, by a regular correspondence, for the interest of the Ancient Craft, suitable to the honour and dignity of both Grand Lodges."
" Ordered,
'* That no Mason (made under the sanction of the Grand Lodge of England according to the old institution,) shall be admitted a member of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, nor partake of the general charity, with- out having first produced a certificate of his good behaviour from the Secretary of the Grand Lodge of England ; but upon producing such certificate, he shall receive all the honours and bounty due to a faithful Brother of the same household with us.
" By Order of the Grand Lodge of Scotland,
" Alex. Macdougall, Grand Secretary/,
" To the Right Worshipful
" The Grand Lodge of England."
TOR SUtfVOAT or PBBE MASaifRT.
CHAPTER Vin.
CISTOJtY AND TRANSACTtOXS OP Ttlfi GItAJtD LODGE OF SCOTLAND FROH NOrsMBER 1773 TO NOVEMBBR IT^H.
1773. NovKMURB 30. Hia Omc<» tho Dake of AtWo waa olecU»d Umud Master*
The Most Worshipful tbo Grand Mtuter gare a donattoti of ten guineas to the Charity Fund.
A (ow days before the Omnd Election 177-*, tbo Fraternity wero deprived by death of the Meet Worahi[iful the Grand I^faater,
1774. November 30* Darid Dalrymple, Esij,, was elected Grund Master »
The Most Worphipful tho Grand Maator intimated at this Eloction the resignation of Brother Macdougall, the Grand Secretary ; and after passing a high ealogium upon him for the assiduity with which he had discharged the onerous duties of his office, moFed, as a mark of the appreciation in which his services were held by the Brethren, that " he should be elected a member of the Grand Lodge for life;" which was unanimously agreed to.
1775. November 30. David Dalrymple, Esq., was re-olected Grand Master, and The Honourable Alexander, Earl of Balcarras, chosen Grand Master Elect.
Some differences having arisen between the two Grand Lodges of England, those who denominated themselves the Ancients submitted the case to the Grand Lodge of Scotland, who, from motives of delicacy, respectfully declined to interfere in the matter.*
The thanks of the Gnind Lodge were unanimously vot^d to Brother Captain M^Curaming, Right Worshipful Master of the Military Lodge St George, 31 st Regiment, for the very handsome and respectful manner in which that Lodge had reported and settled their arrears.
* [These differences were adverted to in Part I, page 60, tupra. Happily, in 1816, an understanding was come to, which enabled both Grand Lodges to unite and form the now powerful and prosperous Grand Lodge of England. — E.]
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 127
1776. November 30. Sir William Forbes of Pitsligo, Bart, was elected Grand Master.
At a meeting of the Grand Lodge on 21st June 1777, the Grand Master intimated that the Lord Provost and Magistrates, together with the Professors of the University, and the Masters and Committee appointed for managing and conducting the building of the High School, had fixed Tuesday the 24th instant for laying the Foundation-stone, and that they requested the assistance of the Fraternity on that occasion. To this request the Grand Lodge unanimously agreed ; and the cere^ mony was performed on the said day with great solemnity by Sir William Forbes, Bart., the Most Worshipful the Grand Master of Scot- land, in presence of the Lord Provost and Magistrates, the Principal and Professors of the University, the Hector, Masters, and Scholars of the High School, and the Right Worshipful the Masters, Officers, and Brethren of all the Lodges in the city and neighbourhood, besides a large assemblage of spectators.
The Grand Lodge and Brethren met in the Parliament House ; the Lord Provost and Magistrates assembled in the Council Chamber ; the Professors of the University in the Goldsmiths' Hall ; and the Rector, Masters, and Scholars, in the New Church. At two o'clock the pro- cession moved in the following order : —
A party of the City Guard. The Lord Provost and Magistrates, in their robes, with their Regalia
borne before them, by the proper officers.
The Principal and Professors of the University, in their Gowns, <kc.
The Rector of the High School, in his Gown, at the head of his Class,
the Scholars three and three.
The Four Masters in their Gowns, each at the bead of his Class,
the Scholars three and three.
The Lodges in the following order, the Tylers walking before their respective Lodges with drawn swords : —
St Laurence, Laurencekirk. St Luke, Edinburgh.
New Edinburgh, Kilwinning. St Giles, Edinburgh.
Carron. St David, Edinburgh.
St James, Edinburgh. Journeymen, Edinburgh.
Royal Arch, Edinburgh. Canongato and Leith, Leith and
Morton, Lerwick. Canongate.
Royal Arch, Stirling. Canongate Kilwinning.
Thistle, Edinburgh. The Lodge of Edinburgh St
St Andrew, Edinburgh. Mary's Chapel.
-liitr -•r»<'**^aii;: u-wn ti^f iiiji >lrv««
Jtfgknmm' WvnA xher
uioa. M-u:i!^: "v , lues, -up»ii^ *aica 4h» <inuM uuuce "vatked up to *hc x.uLii-,.ru?t 'fn^r fi -Jie MBuUxua *iwrw "iw scone wan to be viv|K«srt,i. ',.: >2>i«umce trum M^K«r .m^ii^ «pifcitg«« in tliecaritiea
'•a \klit.
\ ittu^H^ue :IU 4iue liixn :n ^"nictt -JiMtMiiM MuiUiU
■I- '•^Itulu. Muuiiiceaua ?Tibii«a, .^iuun •jpciiue reovttar -wb Me^pictin
X«fe QUO, SenuLUtf Euin«!iiei«w
Ptimain lapiiiem pu^uic
Uvi.iBLxr5 Fobbed E4. Aor.
ttt AwlilW4^(vit. 8ouk Bep. Curio Max. A. S. H. mocclsxvu.
<1filM» ArehitoctMilca! TiiiHt ueivii.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 129
The Grand Master then standing on tlie east, with the Suhstitute on his right hand, and the Grand Wardens on the west, the square, the plnmb, the level, and the mallet, wore successively delivered to the Substitute, and by him to the Grand Master, who applied the square to that part of the stone which was square, the plumb to the several edges, the level upon the stone in several positions, and with the mallet he gave three knocks, saying, " May the Grand Architect of the Universe grant a blessing on this Foundation-stone which we have now laid, and by His Providence enable us to finish this and every other work which may be undertaken for the embellishment and advantage of this city.*' Whereupon the Brethren gave the Grand Honours. The cornucopia was then delivered to the Substitute, and the two silver vessels to the War- dens, which were successively presented to the Grand Master ; who, according to an ancient ceremony, poured on the stone the com, the wine, and the oil, which they contained, saying, " May the All-bounteous Author of Nature bless this city with an abundance of com, wine, and oil, and with all the necessaries, conveniences, and comforts of life ; and may the same Almighty Powor preserve it from rain and decay to the latest posterity," which was succeeded by the Grand Honours from the Brethren.
The Most Worshipful the Grand Master afterwards addressed him- self to the Lord Provost, Magistrates, the Principal and Professors, the Rector and Masters, and the Brethren, as follows : —
** My Lord Provost and Gentlemen of the Magistracy, Reverend Principal and Professors op the University op Edinburgh.
" In the name of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and of the ancient and honourable Fratemity of Free and Accepted Masons, as well as in my own, I beg leave to return our united thanks for the honour this day done us by your presence at laying this Foundation-stone. May the City of Edinburgh continue to be blessed with able and upright Magis- trates, ever watchful for the public good ; and may this University, now so celebrated over all the world, be at all times equally happy in Pro- fessors, whose learning and abilities may not only preserve, but add an additional lustre to that reputation which she has, through your means, so justly acquired.
With the prosperity both of the City and the University, I consider this work, now so happily begun, to be most intimately connected ; for, in this seminary of learning the foundation is laid of all useful knowledge ; and there the minds of youth receive impressions which often determine the fate of all their future fortunes. As a citizen of Edinburgh, there- fore, as well as a member of that committee to whose care the conduct
0
of tLta building haa been entruBt^d, 1 beg leave to oxpr«es my own ami tbo commiltee'a wannest acknowledgment, not only to you, my Lonl Prckvost, and tbo geutlt^mcn hero present, but to all tboee persons of dis- tinction m both kingdoms, who have already so j^enerously contributed to iLa erection of this SebooL After baving fortunately eiinnonnted a variety of obstacles which unavoidably attend the comtnencetnent of every public aeheine, we rejoice in the idea of seeing it now carried on with ardour, and without i n term p Lion. A a good citieene, we hj^o happy with the protjpect of not on)y promoting that most important of all objects^ the public education of youth, but of adding even somewhat to the grandeur of this city^ by a buihling, which, thou^^b meant to be void of all superfluous ornament, Tffill, wo trust, exhibit a decency of appear- ance well suited iothe purpose it i» intended to serve ; and as parents^ wo fondly flatter ourselves with the pleaflinghope that our children and our children 'fi children^ to the latest generation, will reap the benefit, and feel the happy eKeeta of your public- spirited and well-thned niunifieence*
"To yon, Mr Rector^ and to yoor colleagues of the High School, I am happy in this opportuutty of publicly expre^ing the approbation of every citizen for the unconimou attention you have hitherto bestowed on the education of the youn;^ gentlemen committed to your earo. The high character whirh your scbool baa acquired can receive no stronger testimony than from the number of scholars now present ; and I per- suade myself we have this day exhibited a spectacle the most pleasing, of all others, to the city ; for no sight can be 60 interesting to a commu- nity in general, and to parents in particular, as the appearance of so many of the rising generation who have to-day attended our solemnity. I cannot doubt that you will earnestly endeavour to preserve the high reputation of this seminary of learning, by the utmost exertion of your zeal and assiduity ; that you will make it subservient not only to the acquiring of languages, which, though the most obvious, is not the sole object of a grammar school, but that you will be ever watchful to instil into the minds of your youthful charge the true principles of virtue and religion, that they may thereby be rendered worthy men and valuable members of society.
" To the Right Worshipful Masters, the Worshipful Wardens, and all my worthy Brethren who have honoured me with so very numerous and respectable an attendance in my public character on this occasion, I beg leave to return my warmest thanks. It shall ever be my pride and my pleasure to express my gratitude by contributing all in my power to die honour and the interest of that Society, to the head of which your partiality has exalted me. As we are all equally interested in Uiis important (I may even say National) work, which we have now
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 131
began, permit me earnestly to recommend to you all, my Brethren, to exert yoorselves, as far as the influence of each indiyidual may extend, in procuring contributions towards carrying it on ; for although the sums already subscribed be indeed considerable, they are yet far short of the money that will be required to bring it to a happy conclusion."
No ceremony, for many years past, had given such heartfelt satis- fiction to the inhabitants. The importance of the object^ the numerous attendance of Brethren, and aboTe all, the appearance of abore three hundred and fifty scholars, afforded a most pleasing spectacle.
The Brethren afterwards repaired to their several Lodges to celebrate the Festival of St John, and spent the evening with that harmony and decency peculiar to the Order.
At the Quarterly Communication on 20th November, it was resolved that in future the Quarterly Communications of the Grand Lodge take place on the first Monday of February, May, August, and November.
1777. December 1. Sir William Forbes, Bart., was re-elected Gband Master, and the Most Noble John, Duke of Athole, was chosen Grand Master Elect.
On the 24th of January 1778, William St Clair of Rosslin died at the age of 78. In consequence of the loss of this amiable man and zealous Mason, the Grand Master ordered a Grand Funeral Lodge to be held on the 14th of February. Above four hundred of the Brethren, dressed in full mourning, having assembled on that occasion^ Sir William Forbes, Bart., the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, delivered the following Funeral Oration : —
" Right Wobshifful Masters, Worshipful Wardens, and Worthy Brethren,
*' I should have been greatly wanting in my duty had I not called you together on so solemn an occasion as the death of our late Most Worshipful Grand Master and worthy Brother St Clair of Rosslin, to whom our Craft lies under very high and peculiar obligations.
** Funeral Oratbns are but too often perverted from their proper purposes, and instead of exhibiting fsuthful portraits of departed merits are prostituted to the arts of pompous declamation and unmeaning panegyric. It would be no very difficult task for one in this manner to give utterance to a set of high-sounding words, and maka a display of all the virtues that can adorn the human character; but this would neither do honour to my audience nor to myself, far less to tlie person whose death we now meet to commemorate. As something, how- aver, is probably expected from me in the office which I have now the
htiuour to fill, I shaH hog leave to occupy your attcotioii for a few luinQtefl^ wliiltit ] reciil to your remeiubrance what lio waa, ami tbo gratitudo whicU wo owe trt the memory of thU worthy Brother.
** DeaoondoJ from an ancient ^nd illaatrious house^ wheee horooB have often bled in tlielr couatry'a cunse, Le inherit^sl their intrepid BpJrtt^ ODltud with tbo mil jtT virtu t*a of linmanity, and the polished mauoerA of a gOQllemat}. Athletic and active, bo delighted id aII the maoly ei^rcisc^ and in all of them ojcoctled moi^t of bis cotempomrios. Ardent iu hi^ ptireuitsj be steadily persevored in promotmg the iotcrcatji nf tivcry public society ^ whether of bn sin ess or amusement, of which ho was a member, and thereby justly obt;uneil pre-emineDCQ in eaeL
" Of this laudable spirit on the part of our worthy Brother, no society oati tiflf>rd a mure remarkable instance than onr own. Among other mark? of roy^\ appn^bation confenvd on hi^ ancost^:irc3 for their faithful and ra!uab!c eervic^Sj they enjoyed the difjoity of Grand Miister Miiaon, by charters of high anti<iuity, from the Kin^s of Scotland* This heredi- tary honour continued in the family of Roasiin until the year 1736, when, w\i\i a dttiiutore0t4^dne<^ of which there are few examplea, he mode a voluntary resignation of the office iDto the bands of the Craft in gcneml, by which, from being hereditary, it has ever since been elective j and it ia in consequence of such a singular act of generosity that, ty,9Mt flof* frages, I have now the honour to fill this chair. His zeal, however, to promote the welfare of our society, was not confined to this single instance, for he continued, almost to the very close of his life, on all occasions where his influence or his example could prevail, to extend the spirit of Masonry, and to increase the number of the Brethren. It is therefore with justice that his name should ever be dear to the Craft, and that we lament the loss of one who did such honour to our Institution.
" To these more conspicuous and public parts of his character, I am happy to be able to add that he possessed, in an eminent degree, the virtues of a benevolent and good heart, — virtues which ought ever to be the distinguishing marks of a true Brother.
" Though those ample and flourishing possessions which the house of Rosslin once inherited, had, by the mutability of human things, almost totally mouldered away, so as scarcely to leave to him the vestiges of their ancient and extensive domains, yet he not only supported with decent dignity the nppearance of a gentleman, but he extended his bounty to many, and, as far as his fortune permitted, was ever ready to assist those who claimed the benefit of his protection. If, in the course of his transactions in business, his schemes were not always successful, — if a sanguine temper sometimes led him far in the pursuit of a favourite plan, — whatever might bo urged against his prudence, none ever sus-
TUE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 133
pected the rectitude of his priDciples ; and if at any time he was unin- tentionally the cause of misfortune to others, it was never without his being at the same time a sufferer.
" After this brief, but, I hope, just and well-merited eulogium, permit me to claim your attention a little longer to a few reflections which naturally present themselves on such an occasion ; and which therefore, I hope, will not be thought foreign to the purpose of our present meet- ing. I need hardly remark, that commemorations such as this are meant not solely in honour of the dead, but chiefly of advantage to the living. Our worthy Brother is now gone to that land where, in respect of the passions and prejudices of mortals, all things are forgotten, — where he is far removed from the applause or censure of the world. But whatever can tend to enhance the value of departed merit, must, t<i an ingenuous mind, prove an incitement to the performance of praise- worthy actions ; and if we make the proper use of this recent instance of mortality, our Brother's death may prove of higher utility to us than all those advantages for which, in his lifetime, we stood indebted to hiro.
'• My younger Brethren will permit me to remark to them, that although this our Most Worshipful Brother attained to that age which David has marked as the boundary of human life, at the same time without experiencing any great degree of that 'labour and sorrow' which the royal prophet has recorded as the inseparable concomitant of so advanced a period ; although his mental faculties remained unim- paired to the last, and even his bodily strength had suflered but a slight and very late decay, we are not to look on this as a common instance, nor to expect that we shall certainly be indulged with an equal longev- ity ; for hair so grey as his is permitted but to a few, and few can boast of so singular an exemption from the usual uneasiness of advanced age. Let us not, therefore, vainly flatter ourselves that we have still many years unexhausted, in which we shall have time sufficient for the performance of the duties peculiar to our respective stations ; nor from this idea delay those tasks which, although of infinite importance, we may be disposed to postpone a little longer, because they are not, per- haps, of a very pleasing nature.
*' If this instance of our aged Brother should seem to contradict my assertion, I am able to confirm it by another recent event, which but too fully proves the justness of my observation. The hallowed earth is but newly laid over the remains of a noble lady,^ cut off in the morning of her days. Blest with health, with youth, with beauty, riches, titles ; beloved by all who knew her ; yet all these * blushing honours* could avail her nothing, — they quickly vanished ; and, ' like the baseless fabric
^ The Countess of Eglinton, who died at the age of 21.
of a vimoiij Jefi Bot a wreck behind/ So eudden^ eo hd expected vaa her fate, so little did filie think of instQ.fi t dissoktion, lljut 8he drew her laat breath without a moment's time to eay, ' May heaven receive my parting- BpinL* An awful waxningtbis 1 Mayit strike auch forcible conviction OD our minds of the uncertainty of all anbltinary thin^^s, that we may study to live with innocence like hers, leat onr fate may steal npon ns equally sudden aod eqn&Uy unlocked for.
*^ To my Drothron, who, like myaolf, have passed the middle period of life, allow ma to say, that by having already spent thirty or forty ycara in thie world, out chance of making a mnch longer residence in it ia greatly diminished ; and oven the longest life with which onr hopes may flatter us, will ebortly come to an end* When we look forward to the years yet to come, the space ind**edj in fancy*s eyes, seems almost im- tnea^urablo ; hnt when we look back on the same space already past, how does it appear contracted almost to nothing. Happy if wo can look back on something better than a total blank : If we can discover, on a careful and impartial review, that the general tenor of our conduct has been virtuons, our anxiety to live many more days should be thd less ; bat if we find nothing by which to mark onr former years bnt scenes of gnilt or folly, the time we have yet to spend on earth may prove too short to expiate them, and we may he called out of the woiid before the great business of life be finished, perhaps eren before it be properly begun. It is, therefore, our indispensable duty to employ well that period which may yet be granted to U8, and not to waste in idle- ness those precious hours that Ueaven has lent us for the noblest pur- poses^ and of which we must one day render a severe account.
'' My Brethren who are farthest advanced in years will not, I hope, be offended if they are reminded of their mortality by a Brother younger than themselves; because it is by one who has but lately escaped from the gates of the grave, and exhibited, in his own person, a striking instance in how few hours the highest health and strength may be reduced to a state of the lowest debility. It has pleased Heaven, however, to spare me a little longer, in order to show, perhaps, that in the hands of the Almighty alone are the issues of life and death ; and that not a single moment of our mortal existence but the present can we call our own. This uncer- tainty of life is indeed, of all reflections, the most obvious ; yet, though the most important, it is unhappily too often the most neglected. What a gloom would come over our spirits, what agitations would be raised in this assembly, were the book of fate to be unrolled to our view. If Providence should permit us to penetrate this moment into futurity, and to foresee the fate of ourselves and others only to the end of the present year, some of us, who perhaps suppose death to be at a great
THE HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 135
distance, would see him already at the very door. Some who, in full security, are dreaming of a long course of years yet to come, would find that they have already entered on their last, and that before it come to a close, they, like our departed Brother, shall be mingled with the dust. A great part of this assembly, by the course of nature, will probably sur- vive a little longer ; but it is morally certain that some of us, before the sun has made another annual revolution, will be removed hence to that unchangeable state, where our doom will be fixed for ever. And although Heaven has wrapt in impenetrable darkness who they are that shall pass through the vale of the shadow of death during that short period, in order that we may all live in a state of habitual preparation, yet who can have the presumption to say that he himself shall not be the first to visit ' that undiscovered country, from whose bourne no traveller returns.'
" How careful, therefore, ought we to be not to disappoint the wise design of this mysterious secrecy, nor pervert what is meant to keep us perpetually on our guard, into a source of fatal security ; for the day will most assuredly come (whether sooner or later is of little import- ance to us,) when we likewise shall be numbered with those that have been. May we all endeavour, therefore, so to live daily, as we shall fervently wish we had lived when that awful moment overtakes us, id which our souls shall be required of us. May we study to act in such a manner that our practice may prove the best comment on the principles of our Craft, and thereby teach the world that charity and brotherly love, integrity of heart, and purity of manners, are not less the distinguishing characteristics of Masonry than of religion. Then may we piously hope, that when a period even still more awful than the hour of our dissolu- tion shall arrive, when the last trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, when our scattered atoms shall be collected, and we shall all appear in the presence of the Lord Ood Omnipotent, ' the high and lofty One who inhabiteth eternity,' that our transgressions will be mercifully for^ven, and that the Grand Architect of the Universe will be graciously pleased to give us rest from all our labours, by admis- sion into the celestial fraternity of angels, and the spirits of just men made perfect.
'< To Him be all the glory, honour, and praise, for ever and ever. Amen ."
After the delivery of the above, the Resurrection Hymn, and several other select pieces, were sung by the Brethren, and the whole was con- ducted with a degree of solemnity and propriety suitable to the nature of their meeting.
The folJowing beautiful linoa, composted for the occaeton^ wcro sung ta the tunc of Jiositlin Va^itk : —
« Frail ttmn I how like the m(*tw>r*s blaze, Hot evanoscoTit arcs thy days ; Protracted to its longest date, Hoyt short the ttme mdulg'd by fftte^ No force death's potent amx can brave ; Nor ^isdourB self elude Uie grave i Wbert^'or our mrioufi journies ten4» To this we «uoti or late descend. Thither from mortal eye retlr'd, Though ofl bofaeldf and still admir^d^ &1 Clair to dust Lta el^iima reaif^ns, And \n sublimer regions «UineHi Lf 1 1191, whom ticp fnLteraal bind. Beyond the rest of humau kiod. Like St CUir live, like St Clair die, Then join the Etemftl Lod^ on high."
1778p November 30, The Ato&t Noble Johti, Duke of Atliole, tras deotod Grand Master i hitt Onice was also elected iu A ugustj 77 9, Grajul Maator of the Gtaud Lodge of Eoglfrmlj according to the old Insti- tution •
At tho Quarterly Communication on the Ist Novembefr 1775, tb«^ Grand Secretary said he bad to perform the melancholy duty of intimat- ing the death of Brother David Bolt^ the late Grand Clerk, and abo that of the Grand Tyler.
The Sabstitnte Grand Master stated that as the Brethren of the Lodge St Giles had dissolved their Lodge and joined the Canongate Kilwinning, he moved that the Grand Lodge approve of this step, and eraze the name of St Giles* Lodge from the roll, which was nnanimoosly agreed to, and the Grand Secretary instructed thereanent accordingly.
1770. November 30. The Most Noble John, Duke of Athole, was re-elected Grand Master ; and the Right Honourable Alexander Earl of Balcarras, Grand Master Elect.
The Grand Lodge, at the Quarterly Communication on 1st May 1780, decreed that one guinea should be the minimum fee of initiation in future in all Lodges under her jurisdiction.
Amongst tho Charters granted this year was one in fiftvour of the Lodge St Magnus, Gottenburg.
1780. November 30. The Right Honourable Alexander, Earl of Balcarras, was elected Grand Master.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 137
1781. November 30. The Right Honourable Alexander, Earl of Balcarras, was re elected Grand Master; and the Right Honourable Lord Haddo, chosen Grand Master Elect.
No events of interest distinguished either of the preceding years.
1782. November 30. The Right Honourable David, Earl of Buchan, was elected Grand Master.
The thanks of the Grand Lodge were voted to Brother Dr Nathaniel SpenSy now Depute Grand Mastor, for the able manner in which he had discharged for several years the duties of Substitute Grand Master.
The Grand Lodge, at the Quarterly Communication on 4th August 1 783, approved of the senior member (out of office) of the Lodge Journey- men, Edinburgh, carrying the mallet in all future processions of the Grand Lodge.
1783. December 1. The Right Honourable David, Earl of Buchan, was re-elected Grand Master.
At the Quarterly Communication on 3d May ] 784, a petition was received from several Scotch Masons who had been commissioned by the Empress of All the Russias to settle in her capital, praying for a Charter of Erection for a Lodge at St Petersburgh, under the name of the " Im- perial Scottish Lodge of St Petersburgh ;*' which prayer was unanimously granted.
1784. November 30. The Right Honourable George, Lord Haddo, was elected Grand Master.
On the 1st of August 1785, the Foundation-stone of the South Bridge, Edinburgh, was laid with great solemnity by the Right Honourable Lord Haddo, Most Worshipful Grand Master Mason of Scotland, in pre- sence of the Right Honourable the Lord Provost and Magistrates, a number of nobility and gentry, the Masters, Officers, and Brethren of all the Lodges in the city and neighbourhood, and a great concourse of spectators. The streets were lined by the 58th Regiment and the City Guard.
At half-past twelve the procession moved from the Parliament House in the following order : —
The Magistrates in their Robes.
A Band of Instrumental Music.
A Band of Singers.
The Lodges according to their seniority, the Brethren walking three
and three.
138 ^ THE HfBTonr OP FIIEE MA^O.MlV.
Lodgo of GranJ Stewardt.
The Goid^n Compaescs carried by an Operative Maeon.
OoMeo Square, LeveJj and Plamb, earned bj three Operative Masons.
Band of Music. A body of Mason 9 attending upon ilic Grand Master, three and three.
Grand Secretary, GnLiid Cbaplain, and Grand Clerk*
The Comncopia and Golden Mallet, carded by the Tyler of the Gmnd
Lodge^ and an Operative Maeon,
Gmnd Wardens with tbelr Batons*
The Depute Grand Master, Treaeurer, and Snbstitate.
The Moat Worshipful The Ghaxd Master, supported by two
Paet Grand Masters,
Noblemen and Gentlemen^ Past Gnind Masters^ three at>d three*
A Detachment i^f Soldiers.
After proceeding down the High Street and Niddry's Wyndj tlie Lord ProTost and Magrstiate^, (to , arranged themselves on the right and the Brethren on tbe left^ when the Grand Master, the Substitute Grand Master, and Gmnd Wardens, walked up to tbe pleice where the stono lay* In the cavity of the stone the Substitute Gmnd Master do^ podted the coins of His Majesty's reign, and covered it with a plate, on which was the following inscription : —
Annuente Deo optimo maximo,
Regnante Gborgio III, Patre Patriae,
HnJQs pontis,
Quo vici extra mofnia Edinburgi, orbi commode adjungerentor,
Aditumque non indignum tanta urbs haberet,
Primnm lapidem posuit
Nobilis Vir Gboroius Dominus Hapdo,
Antiqaissimi sodalitii Architectonici, apud Scotos curio maximus,
Plaudente amplissima fratrum corona, immensaque populi frequentia
Opus,
Utile civibns, gratum adrenis, urbi decorum, patrise honestum,
Diu multumque desideratum,
Consule Jacobo Hu:«ter Blair,
Incepti auctore indefesso,
Sanciente Rege Senatuque Britannice, approbantibus omnibus,
Tandem inchoatum est.
Ipsis Kalendis Augusti, a.d. mdcclxxxv,
JEtsb Architectonicse vmdcclxxxv,
Q. F. F. Q. S.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 139
The Grand Master then standing on the east, with the Siibstitnte on his right hand, and the Grand Wardens on the west, the square, the plnnib, the level, and the mallet, were successively delivered bj an operative to the Substitute, and by him to the Grand Master, who, having applied them in the usual manner, said, " May the Grand Archi- tect of the Universe grant a blessing on this Foundation-stone which we have now laid, and by His Providence enable us to finish this and every other work which may be undertaken for the embellishment and advan- tage of this city," whereupon the Brethren gave the Grand Honours.
The cornucopia and two silver vessels were then successively presented to the Grand Master, who, according to ancient form, poured the com, wine, and oil which they contained on the stone, saying : — "May the All- bounteous Author of Nature bless this city with an abundance of com, wine, and oil, and with all the necessaries, conveniences, and comforts of life, and may the same Almighty Power preserve this city from ruin and decay to the latest posterity;" — ^the Brethren giving the Grand Honours.
The Grand Master, supported on the right by the Duke of Buccleuch, and on the left by the Earl of Balcarras, addressed the Lord Provost and Magistrates in a suitable speech, and on the Anthem being sung, the procession returned to the Parliament House in reverse order, where the Lodge being closed, the Brethren were dismissed.
An elegant entertainment was afterwards given by the Lord Provost and Magistrates to the Grand Lodge, and those noblemen and gentlemen who had assisted in the ceremony.
On 7th November the Grand Lodge granted a Charter of Consti- tution and Erection to the Brethren of the Lodge Pythagorean Kil- winning, Antigua, hitherto holding from the Lodge Mother Kilwinning.
1785. November 30. The Right Honourable George, Lord Haddo, was re-elected Grand Master, and the Honourable F. Charteris, younger of Amisfield, chosen Grand Master Elect.
At the Quarterly Communication on 7th August 1786, the Grand Lodge ordained " that the Brethren, in all time coming, shall address no Master by the style or title of Grand, but he who shall have the honour to be chosen Grand Master of Scotland, that title belonging to none but him so chosen ;** which decree was also ordered to be engrossed in the Grand Lodge records, ''that Brethren may not in future plead ignorance of forms so necessary to be observed in all regularly constituted Lodges."
A correspondence was opened this year between the Grand Lodges of Scotland and Berlin.
1786. November 30. The Honourable Francis Charteris, younger of Amisfield, was elected Grand Master.
Tins year tlie BrethroD met Ln the &isle of tlie Now Church, at one u'clotkj for the olection of Grand Office-bearers, iDfteail of the Purlia- meiit Houee at sevcD o'clock, a* hitherto, anil after the Election walkc<l in proco^doii to St Andrew's Church, where an eloriu€ut sennop wm <Jelivered by the Rev, Brother Jarno^ Wright*^ of Maybole, and a collec- tion niaflf> on behalf of the Charity Fund of the Grand Lod^.
A t^harter woa grantofi at the Quarterly Corumutiication on 5th November 17*17, to a Fronrh Lodge at Aii, in Provenoe, nnder the title of *' La Douco Harmonie/*
On the 26th Novetnher, Brother Thomas Hay, SuWttate Grand Master, conf^ecrated the new Lod^e belonging to tho Lod^e Joufnc^ynien, Edinburgh*
1787. November 30. The Honourable Franvl», Lord Eloho, was elected Grand Master.
A Charter was gninted in February 17^8, to a Lod^ at Rouen, under the title of ** Ardente AnutiV and another to a number of Brethren in Marseilles, under the nauie of "The Faithful Friends de L* Orient do Maraeillea/*
Louid Clavel; Rij^ht Worshipful Master of the Scottish Lodge at Ron en, was appointed PtoTinoial Grand Master over all tba Lodges In France holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
On 2dd September, the Right Honourable Lord Haddo, in absence of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master of Scotland, accompanied by the Grand Lodge with the proper insignia, the Lord Provost, Magis- trates, and Council of Edinburgh, in their robes, the Magistrates of Leitb, and several of the principal inhabitants, &c., walked in procession from the Assembly Rooms, Leith, and laid the Foundation-stone of the Drawbridge at the Harbour there, with the usual solemnities. In the stone were deposited the coins of his Majesty*s reign, covered with a silver plate, on which was the following inscription : —
Florente Sub Imperio Georoii III,
Omni Britannioe ora,
Opibns, Artibus, Commercio, Civitas Edinburgensis,
Veterem suum Lethaa Portum,
Navium multitudinem undique appellentium,
1 [He was the author of a work entitled ''A Recommendation to Brotherly Love, upon the principles of Christianity ; to which is subjoined an Enquiry into the true design of the Institution of Masonry, in Four Books," which, though now little known, was, on its appearance in 1786, publicly recommended to the Brethren by the Grand Lodf^e, in resolutions published in the Edinburgh news- papers.—E.]
I
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 141
Jam non capieDtem munifice ampliarit, a.d. mdcclxxxviii^
Urbis Consule ivto Joanne Grieve,
Hujus molis primum lapidem posuit
Nobilis Vir Georgius Dominus Haddo, die Septembris, xxiii^
iErsB Arcbitectonica) vmdcclxxxviii.
All the ships ia the harbour displayed their colours upon this occasion.
1788. December 1. The Honourable Francis, Lord Napier, was elected Grand Master.
On 16th November 1789, the Foundation-stone of the University of Edinburgh was laid by the Right Honourable Francis, Lord Napier, Most Worshipful Grand Master Mason of Scotland, in presence of the Right Honourable the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Town-Conncil of the City of Edinburgh, the Principal, Professors, and Students of the University, a number of nobility and gentry, and the Masters, Officers, and Brethren of all the Lodges in the city and neighbourhood, besides an immense number of spectators. The Brethren assembled within the Parliament House at eleven o'clock a. m., to meet the Grand Master, who, when the Lodges were arranged, sent notice thereof to the Lord Provost and Magistrates, assembled in the Council Chamber, and to the Principal, Professors, and students of the University, who were met in the High Church ; after which the procession moved in the following order: —
The Principal, Professors, and Students, with their mace carried
before them. Principal Robertson being supported on the right by
the Rev. Dr Hunter, Professor of Divinity ; and on the left by
the Rev. Dr Hardy, Professor of Church History.
The Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, preceded by the Sword,
Mace, &C.
A Band of Singers.
The Grand Stewards.
The Noblemen and Gentlemen attending the Grand Master.
A large drawing of the east front of the College, carried by two
Operative Masons.
The Grand Jewels.
The Grand Lodge.
A Band of Instrumental Music.
The Lodges according to their seniority, the Lodge of St Mary's
Chapel walking first. A detachment of the d5th Regiment and the City Guard lined the Streets.
142 xns tnsTORY op pr&e masoxrv.
The laetruDieDtal E^&d ajocompa-nLod the sbgera in tbo first throo sougs, ID going to tbe ccreinotiy. Upon arriving at tbe aitc tbo lii^tni- meutaj Band played " Comr Ui i/s prfpare^* utitil till tho Lodges had taken their places. The Sabetittite Grand Ma^Jler, nAaisted by Mr Robert Adam, the architect of this noble work, proceeded to place the tncdals, writmga, d:c>, iu the stotie*^ Then the Grand Master, stand- ing on the oastj with the KuWitnte on hU right hand^ and the Grand Warden a on the west^ tbe square) the plnmb, the level, and the mallet, were enccossively delivered by an Operati?e to the Subatituto, and by him to the Grand jMaater^ who applied the si^uare to that part of the stone that was sijuaro, tbe plumb to the several edges, the level abore the etone in fievoml poBltionSr and with the mallet he gave three knocksp aaying, — " May the Grand Architect ef the Universe grant a btenmog on this Foundation stone which we have DOW laid, and by Htg Provihlen<!6 enable us to iiniah this and every other work which may be undertaken for the enibetltdhment and advan- tage of this city ;** — which was 0ncco*?ded by the Grand Honours from th6 Br«^tbrcn, The cornucopia and two silver vessels were then sue* eeisively presented to the Grand Mas^tcr, who, aceording to an ancient ceremony, poured the com^ the wine, aud the oil on the stone, saying, — " May the All-bo unteona Author of Nature bless this city with abnii' dance of com, wine, and oil, and with all the necessaries, conveniences, and comforts of life ; and may the same Almighty Power preserve this city from min and decay to the latest posterity ;" which was followed by the Grand Honours from tbe Brethren. The Grand Master then addressed the Lord Provost and Magistrates as follows : —
" My Lord Provost and Magistrates op the City op Edinburgh.
*' In compliance with your request, I have now had tbe honour, in the capacity of Grand Master Mason of Scotland, to lend my aid towards laying that stone on which it is your intention to erect a new College. I must ever consider it as one of the fortunate events of my life that the Craft of Free and Accepted Masons should be called forth to assist at an undertaking so laudable and so glorious, during the time that, from their affection, I have the honour of sitting in the chair of the Grand Lodge.
" The attention to the improvement of this city manifested by the Magistrates your predecessors in office, has for many years excited the admiration of their fellow-citizens. The particular exertions of your Lordship and your colleagues have merited, and it gives me infinite satisfaction to say have obtained, the universal approbation of all ranks of men. The business of this day, equally to be remembered in the
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 143
annals of this city and of Masonry, will transmit your name with lustre to posterity. Thousands yet unborn, learning to admire your virtues, will thereby be stimulated to follow the great example you have set them of steady patriotism, love to your country, and an anxious desire to advance the welfare and increase the fame of the city of Edinburgh.
*' In the name of the Craft of Free and Accepted Masons, and in my own, I sincerely implore the protection of the Supreme Architect of the Universe on your Lordship and your brethren in the Magistracy : May you long continue here the ornaments of civil society ; and may you here- after be received into those Lodges prepared in Heaven for the blessed."
To this address the Lord Provost, in name of the Magistrates and Town-Council, made a suitable reply.
The Grand Master then addressed the Principal, as representing the University of Edinburgh, in the following words : —
" Reverend Sir,
'* Permit me to congratulate you as Principal, and your brethren as Professors of the University of Edinburgh, on the work in which we have this day been engaged ; a work worthy of your patrons, who, ever considering the public good, will not permit the seat of learning established in this Ancient Metropolis to bear the appearance of decay, at a time when so much attention is bestowed on the elegance and convenience both of public and private edifices.
" Permit me likewise to congratulate my country on the probability of seeing the different chairs of the magnificent structure now to be erected filled by men distinguished for their piety, as eminent for their learning, and as celebrated for their abilities, as those to whom I now have the honour of addressing myself.
" Any panegyric I can pronounce must fall so far short of what is due to you. Sir, and your honourable and learned coadjutors, that it would be presumption in me to attempt to express my sense of your deserts ; suffice it to say, that the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Lodges de- pending upon her, are most happy in having this opportunity of assist- ing at, and witnessing the laying the Foundation, from whence, it is their earnest wish, a building may arise which in future ages may be as renowned for the excellence of its teachers, and as much respected for the propriety of conduct in its students, as the University now is, over which you have the peculiar satisfaction of presiding.
*' May the Almighty Architect^ the Sovereign Disposer of all events, grant that the Principal and Professors of this College may continue to deliver their instructions, and the students to receive their admonitions.
«#
lii«IMMpM«Mr tlKinigriMtatt^ the gleiy ol€M, tl» ^^6 li^db the Tery Bereraid Priiunpal Boberisoo iiiiMle Ifaa £odloi»!B||
iif^'
" From very hutnlile beginnings, the UuiYoraity of Ediubiw^fK lias attained to &uch emjnonce a^ entitles U to be mnked ainooj^ itio most celebrated sem ma no8 of learning. Indebted to tbo bounty of several of our Sovereigns ■ distingnisbed parti cu hi rly by Ibo gracious Prineo now Beftted on tbe Britiflh Throne^ whom, witb gratitude we reckon among the most muuificent of our royal bonefat'torfl, and cberisbed by tbe coutiuued attention and good olHcea of oar HononraUe Patrons, tbis Unit'craity can now boast of tbe number and variety of its iu^titntioua for tbo instruction of yontb in uU tbe bninohcs of literature and science.
" Witb Tvbat integrity and dl»ceniinent pereona bavo beea eboaCQ to preside in eacb of tliese departnieuU^ tbo ebitraetcr of my learned ool- leagues uiibrdij tbe tn^jst enti^fying evidence. From conBdence le tbeir abilities, and aaaiJuity in discbarging the duties of their re- spective oBice^t tbe University of Edinburgh bae become a seat of edumtioQ not only to youtb in every part of tbe British Dominions, but, to tbe honour of onr Country, students bave been attracted to it from almost every Nation in Europe, and every State in America. One thing still was wanting. Tbe apartments appropriated for tbe accommoda- tion of Professors and students were so extremely unsuitable to the flourishing state of the University, tbat it has long been the general wish to have buildings more convenient erected. What your Lordship has now done, gives a near prospect of having this wish accomplished ; and we consider it as a most auspicious circumstance that tbe Foundation- stone of this new mansion of science is laid by your Lordship, who, among your ancestors, reckon a man whose original and universal genius place him high among the illustrious persons who have contri- buted most eminently to enlarge the boundaries of human knowledge.
*' Permit me to add, what I regard as my own peculiar felicity, tbat by having remained in my present station much longer than any of my predecessors, I have lived to witness an event so beneficial to this Uni- yersity, the prosperity of which is near to my heart, and has ever been the object of my wannest wishes.
'* May Almighty God, without tbe invocation of Whom no action of importance should be commenced, bless this undertaking, and enabfe us to carry it on with success. May He continue to protect our University, tbe object of whose institutions is to instil into the minds of youth prin-
#
TIIB HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 145
ciples of sound knowledge, to inspire them witli the love of religion and virtue, and to prepare them for filling their various situations in society with honour to themselves and with benefit to their country.
" All this we ask in the name of Christ ; and unto the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, we ascribe the kingdom, power, and glory. Amen."
After the Principal had finished his speech, the Brethren gave the Grand Honours, which concluded the ceremony.
Two glass bottles were deposited in the Foundation-stone. In one of these were the coins of the present reign, each of which had been previously enveloped in crystal in such an ingenious manner that the obverse and reverse could be distinctly seen and read without breaking the glass. In the other bottle were deposited seven rolls of vellum, containing a short account of the original foundation and present state of the University, together with several other papers, coins, <fcc., with the various newspapers of the day, containing advertisements relative to the College, a list of the Lord Provost and Magistrates, the Principal and Professors, and a roll of the Offiee- bearers of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. The bottles being care- fully sealed up, were covered with a plate of copper, upon one side of which was engraved the arms of the City and the University, also the arms of the Right Honourable Lord Napier, the Most Worshipful the Grand Master. Upon the other side was a Latin inscription, of which the following is a copy : —
Annuente Deo. Opt Max.
Regnante Georoio III, Principe munificentissimo,
Academiad Edinburgensis iEdibus initio quidem humillimia,
Et jam, post duo secula, pene ruinosis,
Novi hujus iEdificii
Ubi commoditati simul et elegantisB, tanti doctrinarum domicilii,
DignsB eonsaleretur,
Primum lapidem posuit,
Plaudente ingente omnium ordinam frequentia,
Vir Nobilissimus Franciscds Dominus Napier,
Reipub. ArchitectionicsD apud Scotos, Curio Maximas,
XVI. Kal. Novemb. anno ealutis humanse mdcclxxxix.
JErvB Architectonics idoiocclxxxix.
Consule Tboha Elder,
Academise Prsefecto Gulielmo Robertson,
Architecto Roberto Adam.
Q. F. F. Q. S.
10
Ue THB fflHTOllT OF PUEl! BfASONWT,
Tho dnthetn Imving bcm sung, the Bretlireo returned, the wliolo pto- CL^stfioii beings reversed. W^eti tbe Junior Lodge iirrirefl at tlio doi>r f>f the Parliameut Huuse, it fell Lack to tljo right and left, witbin tbe lino nf soldiorSj when tbo Priucipai Professors, nnd Studenta, the Lord Provost, Matfistratea, and Town-Coiinoil, and tbe Grand Lodge^ passed tbro«i,di ntirovored. Tbe Ortind Ala^tcr wiw supported on tlie rigbt l>y Sir Willbim Forl>Ci?, Bttrt., Jia Piiat Grand Master, and on tbe left by hi« Gmce Ibo Dul^e of fiucdeucli.
Tbe Lord Provost and Mti^'ititmtee Imd invited many of tbe Dobi^ty nnd gedtry from aJt partfl of tbe country to bo present, these and tbe iitimenae tnnltitnde of n1) H^isi^oH do^rous of witnei^ing bo magnificDnt n spc'ctaclet itlled tbo etrerte and windows, and «ven the roo5i of the buusef^f all tbe way frovi the PttHiamcnt Cfee down the Hi^b Street and South Bridj^e StrfH?t, near tbe aodth end of whi^rh tbe stone wan biid> It was computed that there wtta not less than 2O,0OU spectatort^, vh^ preserved tbe greatest order, no that not tbe allgbteet aocitknt cMs^urred to niar the proceedings of tbe day.
1789. NnvRMBr-B 30. Tbe Right Houoofable Frnncia. Lord Napier, tt*a* ro-elceted Grand Master^and tbe Right Honoumhlf George, Earl of
Morton, cb4>jirn Grrtnd Mas^ter Elet^l. *
Nothing worthy of note marked the procoedings of this year.
1790. November 30. The Right Honourable George, Earl of Morton, was elected Grand Master.
At the Quarterly Communication on 7th February 1791, the Right Worshipful Brother Alexander Forgueson of Craigdarroch, Provincial Grand Master for tbe Southern District of Dumfriesshire, was em- powcrerl to visit the Lodges thereof, and procure payment of their arrears to the Grand Lodge.*
It was declared by the Grand Lodge, on Ist August, that diflerenco of political sentiments was to be no bar to Masonic fellowship, and that any Daughter Lodge guilty of excluding any Brother on that account merely, would incur such censure as the Grand Lodge might at the time deem proper.
A new Lodge, under the title of " The Mount of Olives," was erect- ed at St Christopher, under a patent from Scotland.
^ [A Petition was presented at this meeting, praying for the revival of the Lodge St Michael, Dumfries, which is chiefly noticeable from its bearing, inter alia, the signature of " John Lewars, Officer of Excise there," the father of " Jessie Lewars," whose memory is enshrined iri the Works of Robert Burns. — E.]
THE HISTORY OP FREE MABONRY. 147
1791. November 30. The Right Honourable George, Earl of Morton, was re-elected Grand Master, and the Right Honourable the Marquess of Huntly chosen Grand Master Elect.
On the 30th November, the day of the Annual Election, the Founda- tion-stone of the Edinburgh Bridewell, Calton Hill, was laid with the usual ceremonies, after which the Most Worshipful the Grand Master addressed the Lord Provost and Magistrates as follows : —
" My Lord Provost and Magistrates,
" I have the honour of meeting your Lordship and the Magistrates of Edinburgh this day, for the purpose of carrying into execution an under- taking which there is every reason to believe will be attended with great public benefit. While we contemplate with pleasure the flourish- ing state of Scotland, we cannot help lamenting that, from the imper- fection of human aflairs in this as in every other country, the increase of arts, manufactures, commerce, and population (however desirable in itself), has been attended with a degree of corruption in the manners of the people, to which, I am sorry to add, the too general use of spirits among the lower classes of both sexes has in this country greatly con- tributed. I trust, therefore, that every good citizen will most cordially join with me in giving due praise to the zeal of those honourable Magistrates through whose exertions the sauction of the legislature has been obtained for the institution of this house of public discipline, which we are now preparing to erect. May it prove, under the guidance of Magistrates as upright and vigilant as those to whom we owe its exist- ence, a terror to the idle and profligate, and a pledge of security to the industrious and well-disposed inhabitants of this city and county. May those who shall once feel the severity of its discipline leave it so amend- ed in their behaviour, and inured to habits of industry, as never to require a repetition of its chastisements ; and may the accomplishment of the purposes for which it is founded be marked by the regular dimi- nution of the number of its inmates."
The Lord ^Provost having made a suitable reply, the Brethren con- cluded the ceremony with the Grand Honours.
Two crystal bottles were deposited in the stone. In one of these were the coins of the present reign ; in the other were deposited two rolls of vellum, containing the names of the Officers of the Grand Lodge and the Magistrates of the city, together with an Edinburgh Almanac, and a copy of each of the following newspapers, viz. : — The Caledonian Mercury, Edinburgh Evening Courant, Edinburgh Advertiser, and Edinburgh Herald. The bottles being carefully sealed up, were covered with a plate of copper wrapped in block tin ; upon the underside of the
p|jit« was engmvei) tho Rrme cf tfi« CUy ; of tli« Earl of Morton, Gratid Mttsttr ; and of t)jo Right Hon. Jtiines Stirling-, Lord ProTost. U[h>ii the upper side was ft L&tiu inacripttoD^ of which the following is & copy : —
Regnaute Georgio III^
Ad neqniliftni in tea, Urboai ot Cotnitatum Edmhur^^turm,
Sftlutah labori coorceodam accommodati
rniutioi hujuB Erga«tuli lapideui
Posuit
Ylr nobiliasimus Gsonoius Comes de Morton, Doxinus Docolas
n£ Locta£V£y, dec, <fec*
fiodalitii ArcLitectonici npud Scotoa Curio Maximus^
AuQo poat Clmstuui tiatum mdccxci,
i£r«o iLutcm Architect on ica^ i3:>l>ccxci.
Di« ipso Divj Andrece
Urbia Consule ainpllssinio Jacobo Stihlikc}^
ComitatQs VicccoTnitE^ Vicario Joanm Pqi^gle;
Architecto Robkhto Adam,
Tbe FoniK^EitioiHstono of that princely fab He j the Royal Jn^Ttanarfj was laid by the noble EarFs grandfather. That institution was intended as an asylum for the distressed, where the diseased in body might meet a care. It was resenred for the grandson to found a fabric intended for the express purpose of reclaiming the vicious, and promoting the noble ends of virtue.
A Provincial Grand Master was this year appointed for the Leeward Islands.
The Right Worshipful the Substitute Grand Master, Brother Thomas Hay, was appointed to consecrate the Lodge St Andrew, Jedburgh.
1792. November 30. The Right Honourable the Marquess of Huntly was elected Grand Master.
1793. November 30. The Right Honourable the Marquess of Huntly was re-elected Grand Master.
1794. December I. The Right Honourable William, Earl of Ancrumi was elected Grand Master.
No events of importance marked the proceedings of the three previous years.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 149
1795. November 30. The Right Honourable William, Earl of Ancrum, was re-elected Grand Master.
The Grand Master having taken his place, thanked the Brethren for this second mark of their attachment in calling him to the chair of the Grand Lodge of Scotland — an honour which he would ever recol- lect with gratitude. He regretted that from his avocations leading him occasionally to a distance from this city, it was not in his power to pay that attention to the Lodges which inclination, as well as a sense of duty, would induce him to give. He would however embrace the earliest opportunity in his power of paying his respects to them. He then observed, that although, from the principles of the Craft, it was at all times unbecoming of them as a body to interfere with politics, yet he considered loyalty to the King and submission to the laws to be duties incumbent on all. He hoped, therefore, that the Address which he was about to submit to the Brethren, congratulating His Majesty on his deliverance from the attack made upon him whilst proceeding to open Parliament, would meet with their unanimous approbation.
The following Address having been read and approved of, it was transmitted to the Duke of Portland, Secretary of State for the Home Department, who presented it to His Majesty: —
" Unto The Kino's Most Excellent Majesty : —
" Most Gracious Sovereign,
" We, your Majesty's most dutiful subjects, the Grand Lodge of Scot- land, humbly request permission to approach your Majesty with the most sincere expressions of that attachment and loyalty for which our ancient and respectable Order has ever been distinguished.
*' Your Majesty's late deliverance from the hands of wicked and sanguinary men, while it recals to us the recollection of your Majesty's virtues, impresses us with gratitude to that providential care which, by watching over your Majesty's life, has averted the most alarming cala- mities from your people.
" We have on this occasion witnessed the interposition of Heaven for the safety of your royal person : That it may never cease to extend its guardian protection to your Majesty, and to your Illustrious House, is our united prayer.
*' Signed by appointment, and in our presence, when in Grand Lodge assembled, this thirtieth day of November, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five.
(Signed) '* Ancrum, Grand Master.**
150
THE nrSTORV OF FREE MASONRY.
1796. November 30. The Right Honourable Fmiicis, Lorrl DoUQ«^
wae elected Gmcd Master*
A FraterflaJ correspondeiJce wae op^oe^l tUjs year with the Grand I'O'lge of Ireland,
1797. November 30. Tho Kight HononrabJe Fiancisj Lenl Domie^ wfti reelected Gntnd Master.
At] Addreag to bi^ Majciity, upon the Agnal vteiory bj Adiniml Lend J Diinmu over the Dutch Fleet off GaroperJowT»j wtw moved by tht? Sab^i atitute Gnirod Mjister^ and unatikiitously agreed to. In coneeqii(>Tico of this Tiiotioti, the follow iDg Address waA drawn u^j and transmitted to the Unke of Portland for prc^ontAtion* ; —
" UxTO Thr Kmo'ft Moat ExrELLONX Majesty ; —
" The hamb1« Addmii of the Grand Lodge, and Free Maisouff
of Scotland*
*' May it plm*^ your Maj^y,
** Wo, yonr Mnjoaty'e moet dutiful and loyal eubjocto, tbe Gmn*! JVItketer a^tul [>ther OfHeern of the Gmud Li>dgo of Scotland^ with the MuBtors^ OiKcers* and Proxies of Lodges^ and Brethren in Onind Lodge assembled, though generally unaccustomed to approach your royal per- son except upon events connected with the domestic felicity of your Illustrious House, yet we trust we shall be pardoned by your Majesty for thus expressing our congratulations on the late naval victory, glorious almost beyond all former example. Actuated, as we are, by an honest pride in the reflection that the signal success on this occasion was obtained, through Divine aid, under the auspices of one to whom our native country had the credit of giving birth, we are ready, in common with your Majesty*s other loyal subjects, to stand or fall in the support of our liberties, our laws, and our religion ; and conclude with breathing a hope, in the true spirit of Masonry, that peace may soon be restored to these Realms on a solid and permanent basis, honourable to your Majesty and to the Nation.
** Signed in name, and by appointment, and in presence of the Brethren, within the Grand Lodge, this 30th day of November 1797, being the Anniversary of the Festival of St Andrew.
(Signed) " Doune, Grand Ma$tei\'"
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 1.01
CHAPTER IX.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND, FROM NOVEMBER 1798 TO NOVEMBER 1809.
1798. November 30. The Right Honourable Sir James Stirling, Bart., Lord Provost of Edinburgh, was elected Grand Master.
An Address by tbe Grand Lodge was transmitted for presentation to his Majesty, upon the victory gained by Rear-Admiral Nelson over the French fleet at the Nile.
The Grand Treasurer, Brother John Hay, presented to, as a mark of his respect for, the Grand Lodge, a complete set of books, viz. — Minute- Book, Charter, and Diploma Books, Cash Ledger, Substitute Grand Masters Committee Book, Enrolment, and Roll Book, for which the thanks of the Grand Lodge was unanimously accorded to him.
At a meeting of the Grand Lodge, on 5th August 1799, it was stated from the chair that by an Act passed in the last session of Parliament^ cap. 79, entitulcd, " An Act for the more effectual Suppression of Societies established for seditious and treasonable purposes," <fec., it was, inter alia, declared illegal for any body of men to require an oath, test, or declaration from their members, not authorised by law ; but that an express exception was contained therein in favour of Free Masons, under certain provisions, videlicet : —
'^ Sec. 5. And whereas certain Societies have been long accustomed to be holden in this kingdom under the denomination of Lodges of Free Masons, the meetings whereof have been, in a great measure, directed to charitable purposes ; be it thereof enacted, that nothing in this Act shall extend to the meetings of any such Society or Lodge, which shall, before the passing of this Act, have been usually holden under the said denomination, and in conformity to tbe rules prevailing among the said Societies of Free Masons.
" Sec. 6. Provided always, that this exemption shall not extend to any such society unless two of the members composing the same shall certify upon oath, (which oath any justice of the peace or other magistrate is hereby empowered to administer,) that such Society or Lodge has, before the passing of this Act, been usually held under the denomination of a Lodge of Free Masons, and in conformity to the rules prevailing among
153 TBR insTORy op free wamnrt. ^^^^™
tlio Societies or Lodges of Freo Mitsons in this kmgrlom ; wbicb <M?rtifi- caU?, dnljr attestotl by tbe magistrato before wboin tbo same sbi^ll be sworn* and subscribed by tbe peniou eo certifying^ sball, witbin two ralruilar inontUe after tlie paasbg t>f tbis Act, be deposited witb the clerk of tbe peace for tb© coqnty, Btowartr;y, ridiD^^ division, ebircj or placpj wbere Bueb Society or Lodge batb been usually held : Provided also, Tbflt this exomption shall not cxtt?nd to any 3ucb Society or Loiige, tin lees the name or denomination t here of j &nd the nsaal pliice or pl^ca, mad the ttmo or times of ita moeiinga, and the oatnea or descriptions of M and every the members thereof, be registered with such clerks of the peace, as aforesaid^ within tttnt fnonfks after the passing of this Act ; and also on or before tbe 25th day of Mareb in every suceeodiiig year.
*^ Sec. 7. And be it enacted^ that the clerk of the peace^ or tbe person actmg in bifi behalf, in any such county^ e^tewartry, riding, division, oliire, or place, is hereby authorised and required to receive encb cer* li£o«ite, and make such regi^^try as aforesaid, and to enrol the eame among the records of such county, stowartry, riding, divisioD, shire, or place, and to lay the sanio^ once in every year, before tlie general session of the jnetiees for such county, stewartry, rid lug, divisiou, Uiire, or places and that it shall and may be lawful for the said juKtices, or for the major put of ibem, at any of their generftl aesaiona, if they ahsU so think fii^ upon complaint made to them upon oath, by any one or more credible persons, that the contin nance of the meetings of any such Lodge or Society is likely to be injurious to the public peace and good order, to direct that the meetings of any such Society or Lodge, within such county, stewartry, riding, division, shire, or place, shall from thenceforth be discontinued ; and any such meetings held, notwithstanding such order of discontinuance, and before the same shall, by the like authority be revoked, shall be deemed an unlawful combination and confederacy, under the provisions of this Act"
Which enactments having been taken into serions consideration, the Grand Lodge unanimously agreed that it was her province, as the head of the Masonic body in Scotland, from whom all regular Lodges hold by Charter their right of meeting, to take effectual steps for enforc- ing the observance of the law before recited — a law which, as bearing honourable testimony to the purity of the Order, and thus silencing the daring breath of calumny, must be truly flattering to the Brethren at large.
She therefore, in the first place, most strenuously recommended the instant attention of the Daughter Lodges of Scotland to the foregoing legislative regulations ; by which two essential requisites were necessary for entitling the Fraternity to hold in future their usual meetings.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 153
lit, That two of the members of each Lodge shall certify upon oath, before a justice of the peace or other magistrate, that " The Lodge has, before the pacing oftJie said Act, been usually held under the denomina- tion of a Lodge of Free Masons, and in conformity to the rules prevailing among tlve Lodges of Free Masons in this kingdom;** and which affidavit, certified by the magistrate before wiiom it is taken, must be registered with the sherifi'-clerk of the county where the particular Lodge holds its meetings, within two calendar months from the 12th of July last. And,
2d, That one of the presiding officers of the Lodge do record with the sheriff-clerk, within the same space, 1 . The name by which the Lodge is distinguished ; 2. The place and days of meeting; and 3. The names and descriptions (designations) of the attending members.
And the Grand Lodge, responsible for the regular conduct of the Masons of Scotland holding of her, which, she is firmly persuaded, is almost without exception entirely consonant to the principles of the Craft, yet anxious to guard against every intrusion on their ancient and respectable Order, or upon its established and accustomed forms, unani- mously resolved —
" 1°. That every Lodge holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland shall, within six months from this date, apply for a certificate from the Grand Lodge ; which certificate shall bear an express renewal of power to hold Masonic meetings, under her sanction and authority ; and which shall not be granted without production of evidence to the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, his Dopute, or Substitute, that the Act of Parliament above recited has been literally complied with. And every Lodge which shall not, within the said space, demand and obtain such certifi- cate, shall be expunged from the Grand Lodge Roll ; have consequently no right thereafter, by its presiding officers, or by proxy, to sit or vote at their meetings, and be deprived of all future protection of the Grand Lodge.
'' 2"*. That the said certificate shall be subscribed by the Grand Mas- ter, or his Depute or Substitute, and by the Grand Secretary and Grand Clerk for the time, and have the seal of the Grand Lodge appended thereto ; for which a fee of five shillings, and no more, at the disposal of the Grand Lodge, shall be exacted.
<' 3''. That the said certificate shall be thereafter applied for on or before the 25th day of April 1801, and of every succeeding year, and evidence produced, as before mentioned, so long as the said Act is in force ; under the same certification of being so expunged from the Roll in case of failure.
'' 4°. That no such certificate shall be granted until all the arrears due to the Grand Lodge be discharged.
154 TUB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
" 5°, That the names of all the Lodges who have so obtained certifi- cates shall be annually transmitted to one of his Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, and to the Lord Advocate of Scotland.
" 6°. That the foregoing Rosolutions be printed, and copies trans- mitted to all Lodges throughout Scotland holding of the Grand Lodge, that none may pretend ignorance thereof.
" 7°. That copies thereof bo also transmitted to his Grace the Duke of Athole, and the Right Hon. Henry Dundas, by the Most Worshipful Grand Master, who is requested to take that opportunity of expressing the grateful sense the Masons of Scotland entertain of their exertions in behalf of the Craft.
'* S°. That a committee be appointed to wait on the Lord Advocate, with a copy of the said Resolutions, and that they be instructed to assure his Lordship that they have a grateful feeling of his Lordship's kindness to the Masons of Scotland, and will be ready to listen to any other regulations that to him may appear proper to be adopted.^
9". That a copy of these Resolutions be also transmitted to the Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free Masons in England.
" And Lastly, That the thanks of the Grand Lodge are justly due to the Right Honourable and Most Worshipful Sir James Stirling, Bart, their present Grand Master, for his constant attention to the interests of the Craft since his unanimous election to the chair, and more parti- cularly in his corrospondonce with Mr Secretary Duuilas, during the dependence of the late bill in Parliament."
Five guineas were this year voted from the funds of the Grand Lodge to the public kitchen ; an institution begun at this time for the support of the indigent poor in the city of Edinburgh.
1799. November 30. The Right Honourable Sir James Stirling, Bart , was re-elected Grand Master, and the Right Honourable Charles William, Earl of Dalkeith, chosen Grand Master Elect.
Several charters having been applied for since the passing of the Act concerning the Suppression of Secret Societies, a doubt was entertained by several Members of the Grand Lodge whether or not they were entitled to grant new charters during the operation of said Act, it was therefore moved and unanimously carried, " That a Memorial and Case be made out and laid before the Right Honourable the Lord Advocate for Scotland, for his opinion and advice upon the subject ; and should
^ The following were appointed a committee for the above mentioned pur- pose : — 1 he Right Ilonouniblc and Most Woi-shipful the Grand Master ; Brother John Clark, Substitute Grand Master; and Rrothcr Cami)bell of Fairfield.
THK HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. l'>5
his Lordship be of opinion that the Grand Lodge, under the above Act, had not powers to grant such charters, that the Grand Lodge should solicit his Lordship's assistance in an application to Parliament (should that appear necessary,) for remedying this defect, as well as for vesting certain powers in the Grand Lodge which would materially benefit their poor. In conformity with this Resolution, the following Memorial was submitted to the Right Honourable the Lord Advocate : —
" Memorial and Case for Sir James Stirling, Baronet, Grand Master Mason of Scotland ; the Right Honourable the Earl of Dalkeith, Grand Master Elect ; George Ramsay, Esq. younger of Bamton, Depute Grand Master ; John Clark, Esq. Substitute Grand Master ; John Trotter of Mortonhall, Esq., and Alexander Charles Maitland- Gibson, Esq. of Cliftonhall, Grand Wardens ; John Hay, Esq. younger of Hayston, Grand Treasurer, and others. Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
'' The Fraternity of Free Masons in Scotland are not less distinguished for their loyalty and antiquity, than for the many illustrious personages who have at different times been at the head of that respectable body. From the earliest ages they acknowledged their Sovereign as their Grand Master. To his royal authority they submitted all differences that arose among tho Brethren, and when not a Mason himself — but which was seldom the case — his Majesty was in the use of appointing a distinguished Brother to preside as his deputy at all Masonic meetings, and to regulate all matters concerning the Craft King James I, that patron of learning and science, is accordingly found countenancing the Lodges with his presence as the Royal Grand Master, till he settled a yearly revenue of Four Pound Scots to be paid by every Master Mason of Scotland to a Grand Master chosen by the Brethren, and approved of by the Crowns-one nobly born or an eminent clergyman — who had his deputies in cities and counties ; and every Brother at entry paid him a fee. His office empowered him to regulate in the Fraternity what should not come under the cognisance of Law Courts ; to him appealed both Mason and Lord, or the Builder and Founder, when at variance, in order to prevent law pleas ; and in his absence, they appealed to his Deputy or Grand Wardens that resided next to the premises.
" William St Clair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, Baron of Rosslin,<fec., obtained a grant of this office from King James IL Under his kindly auspices Masonry now began in Scotland to spread its particular influ- ence through all parts of the kingdom. By another deed of the same Prince, this office was made Hereditary in the said Earl, and his heirs and successors in the Barony of Rosslin, (which grant was sanctioned and
]5tf tns arsTOBV op pvleb MASONnr.
coafirtnod by siibaeqQent acta of tbe Maaona thcmsetros,) m whioU Etneicnt fimiily it omitiimecl till near the nnddlp of tbis century.
*' Tiie Barouaof Kosalin jt^raiitcJ charters of Coni^lilutioa and Erection, oountenancod the hod^fi^^ dr^tcrmiueiL all matters of diflcrctice fttoon;^ the |3T«tljren» and eufiportcd ^ith becoming di^^nity the di ft raster of Master Hasou ov<^r nil Scotland. They held thi*ir bead Courts, or in othor words ajascinblod Grnnd Lodges, at Kilwinning^, in the county of Ayr^ whcro it is prcsumcnl Masons firat bog^n to hold regaluT and stated meetinga.
'* 6uc;h continued to be tbe state of Masonry while the family of Rosslro were in tlouri^^hing^ and pniMportms circumstances. Ftut tho late WjLliam 8t Clair of Roastin^ the rcpreseDtAtivc uf thitf nobl« family, a Mafon, and a gen II em an of the greatest tan dour and benevolence, wit a nnder tbe iieoe.s;sity of dittpoaiog of his family estaleB, and having no children of bis Qwu body, wa« nnwilliuvihat tlie office of Hereditary Oraud Ma«t9t| rested in UU por^oni should become vncant at hit d«»tb^ and thereby TQTOtt to tho CrowTi*
" In tbia situation, therefore, this gentleman^ undoubted Ihrtditary (rJ*<i>td MitfUr- of Scotland, a^^emblcil the Hrethri^n of the Lodges in and about Edinburgh, and repre^nted to them bow bene^ci&L it would be to tbe cQUine of MsBoury in general, to have a nobleman or gentleman aa Grand Master, of their own election, to patronize and protect the Craft ; and in order to promote so laudable a design, he proposed to resign into the hands of the Brethren, or whomsoever they should be pleased to elect, all right, claim, or title whatever, which he or his successors had to pre- side as Grand Master over the Masons in Scotland.
" A set of regulations were accordingly drawn up for the future conduct of the Grand Lodge, which was submitted to a genera] convention of all the Lodges of Scotlnnd, called together for the purpose of receiving the above Resignation, and electing a Grand Master. At this meeting, therefore, which was held on the 30th November 1736, the said William St Clair gave in a Resignation, formally and regularly executed, of the office of Hereditary Grand Master, in favour of the Brethren present, or whomsoever they might be pleased to elect to that high office.
" It may be here proper to mention that the Hereditary Grand Master had the exclusive power of presiding over all regular Lodges in Scot- land, settling all disputes amongst them, and even individual members of Lodges aggrieved had a right to complain to the Grand Master, and the grievances of such Lodges and Brethren were by the Grand Master and the Grand Lodge decided and determined. The Grand Master had likewise the power of convoking the several Lodges, and also of granting Charters of Constitution and Erection in favour of Brethren wishing to
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 157
hold regular Lodges, upon payment of certain fees, and conforming to certain regulations thereby prescribed.
'' In consequence, therefore, of the above Resignation, the whole powers and privileges vested in the Hereditary Grand Master by King James II, and confirmed, as abovementioned, by the Masons themselves, and uniformly exercised by him and his predecessors, were transferred to the Brethren then present, consisting of the Masters and Wardens of all tho regular Lodges in Scotland, being the representatives of said Lodges ; and which meeting was then declared to be the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and therefore proceeded to the election of Grand Master and other Office-bearers to represent them.
" It is necessary also to mention that the Grand Lodge, so constituted, have been in the uniform practice, since 1736, of granting Charters of Confirmation to Lodges erected before that period, as appears from a continued series of Minutes engrossed in the Sederunt Books of the Grand Lodge, and also from the Charter Books thereof. They have also been in the uninterrupted practice of granting new Charters of Conn stitution and Erection to Lodges, upon regular application and payment of certain fees, which are appropriated to the use of the poor, the only pur- pose to which the funds of the Grand Lodge are applied; and from which dues a very considerable part of the revenue of the Grand Lodge arises.
'* The Right Honourable Counsel will recollect that in the course of the present Session of Parliament the wisdom of the Legislature deemed it prudent to pass an Act, cap. 79, intituled ' An Act for the more effectnal Suppression of Societies established for seditious and treasonable purposes, and for better preventing treasonable and seditious practices.'
'' As set forth in the preamble of this Act, it is obvious the meaning and intention of passing the same was chiefly with the view of suppress- ing certain societies therein particularly named, and which, by said Act, are accordingly suppressed ; and the Honourable Counsel is referred to the Act itself, which accompanies this Memorial, particularly to the Ist, 2d, dd, and 4th sections, which, it is hoped, his Lordship will take the trouble to peruse.
** From the active interference of some liberal and enlightened friends of Masonry, members of the Legislature, particularly his Grace the Duke of Athole and the Right Honourable Henry Dundas, and from a convic- tion, through the representation of these Right Honourable Brethren, of the Masonic Societies of this country being not only strictly constitu- tional, but highly laudable institutions, as being principally directed to charitable purposes, Parliament was induced to grant an exemption in their favour in the following terms." [Here follows the quotation of sections 5, 6, and 7, as printed at pp. 151-152, supra,]
utid benofita of that Society; atid^ upon mnture coDflidemtioiip the con- etitiUion of a new^ Lo^lge, untlor the Gtund Lailge of ScoIUikI, will ha founJ to dilTer only ia form froiu the aUniJSsion of au L^^ual nitruhcT of Brethren into a Lodge ulready (jristttig-. T!ic applicaitU for cvfrt/ new C/tarUr inji^t r/ ne<^^$i^ity be Muster Masons, and of eoiirae eBtitle<l to i4niit Brethren into their original Lo^lge. All that ia graDteJ to thorn therefore, by a Chartt*r from the Grand Lodge, ijs a new name, aud place of meeting, more convenient for their local aitviation. while the Grand Lodgo isj and must be rosponaihia for the regularity and good cooduot of that and every other Lod^e ^njaytiig the pnvilej,^fi of meeting ha a Mnsonic body under her Chartera.
" In tliia view, it i» with j^^reat deference submitted how far it may be thought consijstent with the spirit and meaning of the Act of Parliament to suppose that tlje Legiatatnre had tLo Grand Lod^^ee of Eni^tand and Scotland only in view in gmnting an exemption from the enactments of tho Statute in favour of * any fluch Society or Lodge wbicb ahall, before the pasHing of this Act, have been u^Tiallyb olden under the f>atd donomi- nation, and in uoaformity to the rules prevailin^^ among the said Sot^eties of Free Maj»ons/ t^oniaidering the whole of tlio other Lodges, both in England and Scotland, in no other light than thit^t of so many extend- ed br?LncheB, wliich In fnct they are, of these Grand Lodgea respectivetyr and which of course fall to he held responsible for the regular and constitutional conduct of all their Members in their character of Free Masons.
'' Such an interpretation of the Statute, with submission, while the spirit and meaning thereof would be effectually preserved, so as to ex- clude all seditious and treasonable discourses from being canvassed in any Lodge or Society of Free Masons, would, at the same time, not only remove the present difficulty, but, by connecting the country Lodges more intimately with the Grand Lod<:e, tend at once to the preservation of the true spirit of Masonry, and that regularity and good conduct in all their meetings which the Legislature only could have had in view in enacting the present Statute.
" The Memorialists will only further remark, that should the Honour- able Counsel feel himself under legal difficulty in interpreting the law in the manner suggested, they earnestly intreat his Lordship's kind assistance, in his high official and legislative capacities, in obtaining such alterations of the law as might ascertain the powers of the Grand Lodge, as well as give them a persona standi in judicio, (a right which is at present at least doubtful,) by which their funds, and therefore their powers of affording relief to the indigent, would be greatly increased."
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 161
Copy of the Lord Advocate's Opinion on the above Case.
" The words adopted both in the 5th and 6th sections of the Act are so explicit that it does not appear to me possible to maintain, under any interpretation, that a Lodge of Free Masons, instituted since the 12th of July last, can be entitled to the benefit of the Statute. I do not know why the Act was so anxiously limited, but the legal construction of it is unquestionably what I have stated. It is impossible to adopt the inter- pretation suggested in the Memorial for this reason, that if the Grand Lodges of England and Scotland respectively were the only Societies to which the legislature alluded, and to whom the regulations thereof apply, it would follow that all subordinate Lodges were at liberty to disregard these rules altogether, a proposition impossible to be maintained after perusal of the 6th and 7th sections of the Act, which distinctly impose upon every Society or Lodge all over the kingdom the necessity of registering the certificate within the county or division within which its meetings have been usually held, and renewing the same on or before the 25th of March every year. I am very clearly of opinion therefore, that no new Lodge can be entitled to the benefit of the Sta- tute; and that, if it is material for the Memorialists to obtain powers to institute such new Lodges, to the cfi^ect of entitling them to the protec- tion of the Act, it can only be done by an application to Parliament. " The Opinion of
(Signed) "R. DUNDAS.**
*' George Square, Edinduroh, 23d January 1800. "
After hearing the foregoing Opinion, it was moved and carried, '' that full and ample powers should be given to the same Committee to take such steps as they think proper for application to Parliament for obtain- ing the great objects in view, as stated in the Memorial." In conformity with this motion, the Committee held numerous meetings, made various suggestions to, and had several interviews with influential parties, bat with no efiect, up to 1806, when the Grand Lodge agreed, upon the recommendation of the Earl of Moira, then Acting Grand Master Electa to adopt the practice of the Grand Lodge of England, viz : — to assign to new Lodges the numbers and charters of Lodges that had become dor- mant or had ceased to hold regular meetings. '' The Grand Lodge of Scotland therefore, with such an example before them, are satisfied that the same practice may be followed here, and that their doing so would be no infringement of the Act of Parliament, in so ^ as they were not creating new Lodges but only reviving Lodges that had been held as such before the passing of said Act. The Grand Lodge of Scotland therefore resolve to assign or transfer charters of dormant Lodges to
11
152 TH« HrSTORV OP FWBB MASOMtT.
BQch applicants as may bo regularly cortiGeJ by two neigkbouriQ^ LoJg-f^s- But ip ordyr tbat uf» undue preference sliould be obtainoi^, iu point of e<»nlorit3% tbey tcaolvc that the date of audi transfers sLall be TOgulatetl BccorJin^ to tho date of the application to the Grand Lodge/'
On 2Cth May J the Grand Lodge " Cmjaidering that they b:i notion tbe 7V*;ve Orftit Ot^frs of Ma^o/irt/^ and tbo«e al<^rje, of Apprcxticr, Fkllow-Chapt, and Mastkr Mason, being the ancient Order of Saint John, and understanding tbat other dej?criptiona of Mason a, under varioujj titles, have crept into thifl Country, borrowed from other Nations^ wbieh are inconsistent with the punty and true principles of tho Order, Resolved, and hereby Reaolv'e, that none may pretend i^'uor- ftnee, ej^ptessl^ to pf'ohihit and disrhaiye aH Lodges having Charters from the Grand Loilge, from holding any otber meetings than those of the Three Orders above de8cril>ed ; under this certification, that the Grand Lodge will mo^t po^Uivoly proceed, on information of an infringe- ment of this express prohibition, to (wwiinr, or to the forftUnre n/ the Charters of tlie oifcndiug Lodges, according to the circumstances of any particular cii^e that may be brought before them/' The Grand Lodgo aUo '' appoints this Keselution to he printed, anJ a copy thereof sent to every Lodge in Scotland under their jnrisdiction/'
In consequence of iii^ Majesty's escape from anotlier attempt upon his Iift% the firanfl Loil^ro of Protlantl, ever attentive to their duties as loyal subjects, prepared the following Address, which was transmitted to the Right Honourable Henry Dundas, one of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, for presentation to His Majesty : —
" May it please your Majesty,
" We, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Most Wor- shipful the Grand Master and other Officers of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, with the Masters and Proxies of Lodges, and their Wardens, in Grand Lodge assembled, approach yonr Majesty's throne with reflec- tions of horror, in common with all your other affectionate subjects, on the possible event of a recent attempt upon the sacred person of your Majesty, of which, but for the proof of that atrocity, we should, for tho honour of humanity, have doubted the reality.
" The miserable person who made this wicked attack on a life so justly precious to the whole community, must, according to our feelings, have either been visited by the Supreme Being with the greatest afllic- tion to which our nature is liable, or bo of a description of men (if such are entitled to the appellation,) of which we are fully convinced there exists not another solitary individual throughout the extended domi- nions of yonr Majesty.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 163
" The magnanimity displayed by your Majesty on so trying an occasion will ever, on recollection, fill the eyes of your faithful subjects with tears of gratitude, as establishing your entire confidence on your affectionate people, and as having had an effect pleasing, we are well aware, to your Majesty, of preventing many and serious mischiefs, among the great concourse of your subjects then assembled, whose fears were alive for the safety of their beloved Sovereign.
" We take this opportunity of assuring your Majesty of the purity and simplicity of our ancient Order, and of our sincere attachment to the glorious constitution of our country, founded on a basis which, from its stability, cannot be shaken by foes, foreign or domestic ; and conclude with our most anxious wishes for the long continuance and prosperity of your Majesty's reign, and for the permanent, unimpaired, and undis- turbed felicity of your Majesty, and of every branch of your Illustrious House.
" Signed in name of, by appointment, and in presence of the Grand Lodge of Free Masons of Scotland, this 9th day of June 1800. (Signed) " Jambs Stirling, O, M, Maaon of Scotland '*
On 1 0th November there was presented to the Grand Lodge by John M'Gowan, Esq., a book containing the Minutes of a Lodge of Free Masons held at Rome in 1735, under the auspices of the Earl of Winton. The thanks of the Grand Lodge were cordially voted to the munificent donor of so valuable and curious a record.^
1800. December 1. The Right Honourable Charles William, Earl of Dalkeith, was elected Grand Master.
A Charter was granted on 9th February 1801 to the officers of the 51st Regiment, stationed at Colombo, in the Island of Ceylon, to hold a Lodge under the denomination of the ** Orange Lodge."
The interests of Masonry having rendered a new arrangement of Provinces absolutely necessary, the recommendation of the Committee which had been appointed to make the requisite allocation, was this year carried into effect. A series of Regulations for the government of Provincial Grand Masters, were at the sametime sanctioned by the Grand Lodge."
^ [This is the Lodge over which Prince Charles Edward presided as Right Worshipful Master. The above mentioned highly interesting volame is now in the Library of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. — E.]
3 [These Regulations form No. IV of the Appendix to this Work.— E.]
The Graod Lodge received a mee«ttge from the Magiet rates of Kdm- }mrgh, informiDg tbem that the Faandatioti-fitone of the Wet-Docks at Loith wftfl to be laid oq the 1 4th of May, and requestitig their assistance en the frccaflioUf — which request waa acceded to unammonsly ; and on the appointed day the Rii^fht Worshipful Robert Dundaa, Depute Grand Master, attended by the Grand Officers and about 1,200 of tbe Brethren, laid the aaid Foundation-Htone with the usual eolenmitica.
In the etone was deposited a jar containing sevoml medals and the coins r*f the present reign. Above the jar wore deposited two plate", on one of which was the following Inseription : —
In the Reign of the most graoious Sovereign Geouge III,
And
Under the auspicea of the Right Honourable Wili-iam Fettm,
LoTti i'rovoat of Edinbqrgbf
The Harbour of I^eith, though fanned at a remote period,
And,
As Commerce in the course of nges increased.
Often tepoired and extended ;
Vet being still narrow and incommoUioua^
HoDERT Dcr>DA8 of Molvllle, Eequire,
In absence of
The Right Honourable William Charles, Earl of Dalkeith,
Grand Master Mason of Scotland,
Laid the Fonndation-stone of these Docks,
In which
The numerous vessels arriving from every quarter of the Globe
Might receive ample and secure accommodation ;
On the 1 4th day of May,
In the year of our Lord mdccci,
And of the iEra of Masonry vmdccci,
John Rennie being Engineer.
May the undertaking prosper by the blessing of Almighty God !
The other plate bore the names of the Town-Council of Edinburgh ; the Right Honourable Henry Dundas, member for the City ; the Magis- trates of Leith ; the Wet-Dock Committee ; the Contractors for the Works ; the Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge of Scotland ; and the Masters and Wardens of the Trinity-House, Leith.
At the conclusion of the ceremony the Depute Grand Master thus addressed the Lord Provost and Magistrates : —
tub history of free masonry. 165
" My Lord Provost and Magistrates,
" It is with the highest satisfaction that I have availed myself of the opportunitj which the situation I have the honour to hold in the Grand Lodge of Scotland has afforded me, of assisting at the commencement of a work so essential to the welfare of this community, and which I tnist will contribute, in an eminent degree, to the extension of the commerce and the general prosperity of this portion of the United Kingdom.
" The respect and esteem which you enjoy among those over whom you have the honour to preside, are the surest pledges that nothing will be wanting on your part to second the efforts and fulfil the wishes of those public-spirited individuals who have promoted this undertaking, and that the just expectations of the Legislature, to whose liberality you are also indebted, will not be disappointed.
'' It is impossible to contemplate the auspicious period at which this work is begun, without the strongest sensations of gratitude to that Providence which has inspired his Majesty's councils with temperate firmness, and his fleets with irresistible valour, to assert and maintain the just rights of his subjects on that element which has ever been the scene of their triumphs and the^ source of their envied prosperity and power. May the same bountiful Providence, in the blessings of an hon- ourable and lasting peace, secure to the merchants of this and of every other port in the British Dominions, the free and uninterrupted enjoy- ment of their trade, and the well- earned fruits of industry and enter- prising activity.
** In the name of the Craft of Free and Accepted Masons I have to oflfer our humble supplications to the Supreme Architect of the Universe that He will afford His protection to your Lordship and your brethren in the Magistracy, and that you may continue to be the instruments, through Him, of promoting the happiness and welfare of the community entrusted to your charge."
To which the Lord Provost made the following reply : — " Most Worshipful Sir,
^* Leith has long had reason to be proud of the enterprise and success of its merchants and sailors. The rapid increase of its commerce has made it necessary to extend the harbour and improve the conveniences for its trade. The plan of that able engineer, Mr Rennie, has been adopted ; and I think it one of the happiest events of my life that I have the honour to fill the civic chair at the laying of the Foundation- stone of this extensive undertaking, which, when finished, will not only be of great benefit to the city and its port, but to the Country in general,
166 rm Bisrettv of tiies HASt^fitr.
tM woW aa ooavenient for the admission of large aliipa of his Mojeetj's
" I ussore you, Sir, tliat it is highly gratifying^ to wo, and to my fel- low-cltUeDfl, tha^t tlto Brat siGji& of tliifi important work Las beeu ULd by you. Allow mo to remark, that tlieto appoar^ a fortunate propriety la ibis ceremony being performed by tLe sou of a mau to whom our city^ th<3 nary of Britain, and tbd wholo Empire^ are under 00 mauy obliga- tions.
*^ Permit me, in the name 0/ the Magiotrutos and Council of the city of Edinburgh, to retiini our wannest thanks to you, to your Brethren, and the gentlemen who have honoured ua with their attendance upon this oecofiion. And may that Almighty floing;, whom witida aud eeua obey, accompnuy this undertaking with Hie blessing, and crown the work with success."
The ceremony was concluded by the Qr^nd Honours from the Brethren, which wa^ followed by a salute of twonty-ouc guns from the ahip«-of war in the Boaiit^, under the commaud of Captain Clemonta of the Royal Navy*
The Procesaion then returned to the AaacmUy Rooms, where the Suhatiluto Omnd Master addressed the openitivi* Brethren to the follow- ing effect : — " The Ftmodation-stone of the Wot* Dock a at Leith» pUimwi with much wisdom by the ingenious architect, being now laid, and these implements in your hands having been applied to it by the Grand Master, and approved of, they are re-committed to you, with full con- fidence that, as skilful and faithful workmen, you will use them in such a manner that the building may rise in order, harmony, and beauty ; and, being perfected in strength, will answer every purpose for which it is intended, to your credit as craftsmen, and to the honour of our Ancient Fraternity." After this the Depute Grand Master closed the Lodge in duo form.
Brother Alexander Cunningham was this year appointed Grand Jeweller to the Grand Lodge.
At the Quarterly Communication on 2d November, a letter was read from Brother Laurie, enclosing a Prospectus of a work he intended to publish, entitled "A History of Free Masonry,"* and craving the sanction of the Grand Lodge thereto, which was unanimously accorded, and the Grand Secretary and Grand Clerk " authorised to furnish Brother Laurie with the Records and other writings belonging to the Grand Lodge, and with any material in their power, which may in any degree tend to the advancement of his undertaking."
' [This was the First Edition of the present work, published in 1804. — £.]
TUB HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 167
^ 1801. November 30. The Right Honourable Charles William^ Earl of Dalkeith, was re-elected Grand Master, and the Right Honourable George, Earl of Aboyne, chosen Grand Master Elect.
The draft of the First Edition of the " Laws and Regulations of the Grand Lodge of Scotland" was this year read and unanimously approved of.
1802. November 30. The Right Honourable George, Earl of Aboyne, was elected Grand Master.
The day of the Gnind Election was distinguished by a splendid pro- cession of above 1,200 Brethren from the Parliament- House to the King's Arms Tavern.
The Foundation-stone of the Church at Lesmahagow was this year laid by Brother Daniel Vero, of Stonobyres, Right Worshipful Master of Lodge St John, Lesmahagow, and the thanks of the Grand Lodge voted him for the manner in which it had been accomplished, as well as for his uniform attention to the interests of the Craft in general. On 14th September, Brother Charles Stewart, Right Worshipful Master of Musselburgh Kilwinning, was authorised to perform the ceremony of laying the Foundation-stone of' Invercsk Church, and the use of the Grand Jewels granted him for the occasion.
At an adjourned Quarterly Communication, held on 16th November, a Provincial Grand Master was appointed for the Island of Bermuda.
1803. November 30. The Right Honourable George, Earl of Aboyne, was re-elected Grand Master, and the Right Honourable George, Earl of Dalhousie, chosen Grand Master Elect.
After the election the Brethren walked in procession from the High Church Aisle to the Tron Church, where an appropriate sermon was preached to them by the Reverend David Ritchie, one of the ministers of Edinburgh, from Hebrews xiii, verse 1, " Let brotherly love continue."
The Brethren having re-asscmbled at the King's Arms Tavern in the evening to celebrate the festival of St Andrew, were honoured with the company of his Excellency the Earl of Moira, Commander-in-Chief of his Majesty's Forces in Scotland, and Acting Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England.
In the General History, supra, p. 60, an outline was given of the schism which took place in the Grand Lodge of England by the secession of a number of Brethren, who, calling themselves Ancient Masons, invidiously bestowed upon their opponents the odious appellation of Modems. It was also stated that in 1772 the Ancient Masons chose for their Grand Master his Grace the Duke of Athole, who was then Grand Master
108 TWS Ht«rrUHY OK FRKB HASOMIV.
Kket fur Scotland. From this drcumataDoe, more than from any pi^ dll^ctron oti the part of the Gfund LoJgo of Scotlaod for the Auciont Masuus, the moat frieB*lly intereouraQ had fiuhsisteJ hetwtjeii the two Gmod Lodges, and tbo Scotch Bretlureti, from tbmr union with the An- dentfi, iaoenaibly imbibed their prejudices against the Grand Lodjfe of England presided over by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and Lord Moinw From these causea the Grand Lodge of Scotland ami tbo Grand Lodge under tbo comtltntiou of Engl an d^ though the Brethren of both were admitted into each other a Lod^^s, had not bitberto cberiabed tl»at mutual and friendly in terpourse which, by their rrinciples, they were bonud to inetitnto and preserve, 8ucb was the teJative condition of the two Grand Lod^»s on tbe day of the preseut Qrand Election. In the conrso of tbo evening, however, an opportunity being offered for tbe diecusaion of tbtfl aubjoctj the Earl of Moira^ in an elofjueut and impreeaive ad drees, related at coiiAJderablo leng^th tbe eonduet of tbe Grand Lodge of Eng- land to the Ancient Masone, and stated that tbe hearts and arms of the Grand Loilge to which be was attached^ bad ever been open for tho reception of their seceding OrethreUj who ba*! obstinately refused to aekuowledge their fault ; and that, thouj^h the Gmnd Led^e of England diflcred in a few trifling obeervauces from tliat of Seotland, they had ever entertained for Scottish Masons that a0ectioii Bxxd : is the object of Free Masonry to cherish, and the duty of Free Masons to feel.
From this period we date the origin of that fraternal union between the Grand Lodge of Scotland and that of England, by which Free Masonry has received additional strength and vigour, and has been pr^ served in these kingdoms in all its primitive purity and simplicity. And, while its influence is diffused from the British Empire to every comer of the world, we hope that it will continue to be, as it has ever been, the bane of despotism and oppression — the enemy of superstition and fanati- cism— the promoter of civilization and good order — the friend of uncor- rupted science, of true benevolence, and unaffected piety.
At tbe Quarterly Communication on 6th February 1804, the thanks of the Grand Lodge were unanimously voted to Brother Alexander Laurie for the publication of his " History of Free Masonry," and for the handsome donation of a copy thereof, bound in morocco.
On the 28th of March the Right Worshipful Master of the Lodge Phoenician, Leith, was authorised to lay the Foundation-stone of the High School there, with tbe usual ceremonies.
1804. November 30. The Right Honourable George, Earl of Dal- bouste, was elected Grand Master.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 1G9
After the election, which took place as usaal in the High Church Aisle, the Grand Lodge and Brethren, amounting to upwards of 1,500, walked in procession by torch-light from the Parliament-House to the Theatre-Royal, to celebrate the Festival of St Andrew. The Theatre was handsomely fitted up for the occasion.
Tho Most Worshipful the Grand Master stated to the Brethren that the Grand Lodge of Scotland had long been anxious to open a fraternal intercourse with the Grand Lodge of England, held under the auspices of the Prince of Wales, and that Resolutions to that effect had been passed at a previous meeting, a copy of which, under the authority of the Grand Lodge, he begged leave now to present to the Right Honour- able the Earl of Moira, Acting Grand Master of England, in the hope that his Lordship would use his best endeavours to facilitate an object which was of such great importance to, and so ardently desired by the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
The Earl of Moira, in an eloquent speech, declared that no exertion should be wanting on his part to promote the desired friendly intercourse between the two Grand Lodges.
Numerous Masonic, loyal, and patriotic toasts were given upon this occasion, and the Lodge was closed, after an evening spent with the greatest harmony.
At the Quarterly Communication on 5th August 1805, a letter was received from his Excellency the Earl of Moira, stating that the Grand Lodge of England had, in the most cordial manner, entertained the pro- posal of Fraternal relations with the Grand Lodge of Scotland, which was embodied in the following Resolution : —
" Society of Free and Accepted Masons under the Constitution " of England,
" H. R. H. George Augustus Frederick, Prince op Wales, <fec., &c., " Grand Master.
** At a Grand Lodge of the said Society, held at Free Masons^ Hall, London, on Wednesday the lOtho/Aptnl 1805 ; —
" Sherborn Stewart, Esq., S. G. W., as G. M., in the Chair.
'< Resolved unanimously,
** That, as the Grand Lodge of Scotland has expressed through the Right Honourable the Earl of Moira its earnest wish to be on terms of confidential communication with the Grand Lodge of England under the authority of the Prince of Wales, this Grand Lodge, therefore, ever dc&irous to concur in a fraternal intercourse with regular Masons, doth
meet that dispodtion with the utmost ooTdiality of aenttment ; oJid rcqut^ete tbo bonoor of tbo Acting Grand Master to make eucli ilecl&m- tiod in ltd name to the Grand Lwlgo of Scotland"
(Sfgu^d) " Wh. White, ff, Sr
A Committee was appointed to tliaiik the Earl of Moira for IjU :ittcn* tton in bringinjc: about tbjs rkVtrable union, und reijueat him to inform the OninU Lodge of Eiigland, in namo of the Gnind Lodge of Scotland, that it will eror hi^ tboir atudy to promoto and cheriah that friandebip and brotherly iiitercourae now so happily begun.
Brother John Clark, who hafl for a long period filled the oBice of Subftitute f I rami Master with grtiat benefit to the Gmnd Lodge, resign- ed on 4th NovtmltLT 1805^ on nccouut of indisjiosition ; and the Grand Lodge^ whilst d<:eply n^gretting the ^.-aiise of his reeignation and tho loss of his eervitrea, passed him a vote of thanka for the grtnt atteulioti be had giren to the affairs of the Craft in general^ and to tho^e of the Gra^d hiyiige in particular.
A very elegant jewel waa prejsoiited to tke Grand Lodge by Sir John Stewart, BarLt of AUanbank, Proviricial Grand 5 faster of the Lower Ward of Lanarkshire, to be worn by the Grand Master on all pnblic' Masonic occasions. It conaisLs of a bcaatiful onamol painting of St Andrew on the Cross, upon a bluo ground, surrounded in an eltptical form with a radiated or many pointed star in brilliants, to which is appended the compass, square, and segment, in silver gilt.
The special thanks of the Grand Lodge were voted to Sir John for this handsome gift.
1805. December 2. His Royal Highness George, Prince of Wales, was elected Grand Master and Patron of the Craft in Scotland, the Right Honourable George, Earl of Dalhousie, Acting Grand Master, and his Excellency Francis, Earl of Moira, Commander-in-Chief for Scotland, Acting Grand Master Elect.
At the Quarterly Communication on 3d February 1 806, a motion was made by Brother Sir John Stewart, Bart., regarding the erection of a Masonic Hall, and that a subscription should be commenced for the pur- pose ; which motion was unanimously agreed to, and a committee appointed to carry forward the undertaking.
Amongst the subscribers we find the Grand Lodge for L.500; St Lnke, Edinburgh, for 100 guineas, which subscription entitled this Lodge to accommodation in the Hall for holding its monthly meetings ; the late Marquis of Hastings, 100 guineas ; the Earl of Dalhousie, 100 guineas, <fec., <fec. The especial thanks of the Grand Lodge were voted to Brother Sir John Stewart for his laudable efforts regarding this matter.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 171
At the Quarterly Cora muni cation on 5tli May 1806, a Charter was granted to several Brethren to constitute a Lodge in Turk's Island, under the immediate sanction of the Provincial Grand Master of Bermuda.
On the 1st August 1806, Sir John Stewart, Bart., having been dele- gated, as Provincial Grand Master for Lanarkshire, by the Most Wor- shipful the Grand Master, to lay the Foundation-stone of the Monu- ment to be erected at Glasgow in memory of Lord Viscount Nelson, he attended by his Office-bearers, a large assemblage of the Brethren, and the Civic Authorities, &c., assembled in the High Church of Glas- gow, to hear Divine Service, which was conducted by the Rev. Dr Ritchie, the Grand Chaplain, after which a procession was formed in the following order : —
A Troop of Glasgow Light Horse. The Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, with their insignia
of office.
Gentlemen of the Committee of Management, and Subscribers.
The Dean of Guild and Members of the Merchants' House.
The Conveners of Trades and Members of the Trades' House.
The Commissioners of Police with their batons.
The Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons.
The Faculty of Procurators.
Two Naval Officers, and a body of sailors who had served under Lord
Nelson, carrying a model of a ship of war.
The various Masonic Lodges, thirty in number, according to seniority.
The R. W. Sir John Stewart, Acting Grand Master,
preceded by the Grand Officers.
The Procession having reached the Green, the Grand Lodge took its station on the east of the site of the monument, the other Lodges and Civic Authorities arranging themselves in their proper places. An impressive jirayer was then offered up by the Grand Chaplain, after which the Grand Master proceeded to address the assembly in the following terms : —
" Before proceeding to the interesting ceremony for which we are now assembled, permit me, in the name of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, to express his regret at being unable to be present on this occasion. As his representative, I beg leave to acknowledge the high honour conferred upon mo in being called to lay the Foundation-stone of a Monument to the memory of so illustrious a Hero ; and I regret my inability to do justice to the merits of the dc|)arted warrior, and
THE HterrOBT of free MA0O>HV.
tlie patriotism of the intaljttaiitfl of thia city the less, whoM I recollect the well-merited euiogium on both whicli you have alrca-Jy hoani.
" That prf^-erainent height to which hia jjeoius limi raised the already deratcU naval fame of Britaia, — tli^t terror of his name, by which ho BO opportunely protocted the comniereial interests of his country, justly entitles Lord Nelson to monuments of public gratitude, local as well as nfttional.
" When 1 contemplate this large and respectable aseombla^o^ oom- |)Otiecl of Magiatrateij, Public Bodies^ and Masonic Associations, and the People at large, contributing, by oiRcial Kink and influence, by wealth, and by demonatmtiooa of brotherly love, to confer honour on the memory of the hero who died m conquering for his country, methinkti bia spint, hovering near, rejoices in your appropriate obeilienoo to hiu last ai^alp — ' Every man of you has done bis duty ! * **
The Provincial Grand Master, agisted by the Brethren of LoJgo Glasgow St John, then laid the Foundations tone with the Ufiual and accnstomed ttolcmnttios ; — on which was the following inscription : —
By the favour of Almighty God,
Sir JoiU4 StewahTj of Allanbauk, Baronet,
Provincial Grand Master of the Under Ward of Lanarkshire,
Laid the Foundation-stone of this Monument,
Erected by the Inhabitants of Glasgow
In grateful remembrance of the eminent services of
The Right Honourable
HORATIO, LORD VISCOUNT NELSON,
Duke of Bronte in Sicily,
Vice-Admiral of the White Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet,
&c., &c,, &c.
Who, after a series of transcendant and heroic achievements, fell
gloriously in the Battle off Cape Trafalgar,
on the 21st October mdcccv.
This stone was laid on the 1st of August, in the year of our Lord mdcccvi,
iEra of Masonry vmdcccvi.
And Forty-sixth year of our Most Gracious Sovereign George III,
In presence of John Hamilton, Esq., Lord Provost
of the City of Glasgow,
And the Members of the Committee of Subscribers to the Monument.
Which undertaking may the Supreme God prosper.
TUE UISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 173
N
A singular trait of affection was manifested bj the sailors who attend- ed the Procession, — they rushed in a body to the Foundation-stone, and kneeling around, kissed it with every mark of fervent devotion and affec- tionate regard for their lamented and illustrious Commander. During the Procession the ships in the river displayed their various colours^ and the " Harmony, *' of Liverpool, Captain Wilkie, fired forty-seven guns, being the age of Lord Nelson, besides a Royal Salute of twenty- one guns. It is estimated that not less than eighty thousand persons were congregated upon this interesting occasion.
1806. December 1 . His Royal Highness George^ Prince of Wales, was re-elected Grand Master and Patron of the Craft in Scotland, and the Right Honourable Francis, Earl of Moira, was elected Acting Grand Master.
The Grand Lodge this year deferred the celebration of the Festival of St Andrew on account of the early day for .which Parliament had been summoned to meet, and the consequent absence from town of many of the principal Office-bearers.
At the Quarterly Communication on the Sd August 1807, several charters were granted, and inter alia, one to several Brethren in Anda- lusia, in Spain, under the title of '* The Desired Re-union." At the same meeting Brother James Gordon was appointed Provincial Grand Master over all the Lodges holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland east of Balbos^ in Andalusia.
A dispute having existed for some time between the Mother Lodge Kilwinning and the Grand Lodge of Scotland, as to the right of grant- ing Charters, &c,, a desire was manifested amongst several of the Office- bearers of both Lodges for a mutual explanation, which, it was hoped, would lead to a final amalgamation. After a preliminary correspond- ence the Committees appointed by each of the parties held a conference at Glasgow on the 14th of October 1807, when the following Minute of Agreement was drawn up and formally signed by the respective parties : —
At Glasgow, the Fourteenth day of October one titouaand eight hundred and seven.
At a meeting of the Committees appointed by the Grand Lodge of Scotland and the Mother Lodge of Kilwinning, vested by their respec- tive constituents with full powers for the adjustment of their Masonic differences :
THB HIBTOIIY OP FREE MAS<WRY.
Present on tlio part of the Gr^nd Lodge —
WHliam InglU. Esq,, SuhsfUutfH Grand MmUr^ Sir Jt^hti StHwart, Riirt, of Allan bank, AleicLolor Ljvurio^ Eatj- Wtn. Gutljrie, Eac^, Grand Stcrttary ; ^nd J antes Bartramj Es4j., Grand OUrU*
And on tba part of tbo Mother Lodge Kilvr inning : —
WilUatii Bkir» Ea^^ of Blair, ^ff^^trt,
Robert Davi^ison, Esq, of Drumiay, Df!puU MoMttr.
Alex, M'Gowts, Esq. of Smilbetone, Sttiior Wardtn,
Alexander Hamilton, Esq. of Grunge*
Robt. Mont^omcrie, Esq. of Craiglionac ; aod
James Cnchton^ Esq. Collector of Hij^ Majesty's Customs, Trrijie*
The Committees haring exKibited &tid exchanged their rcHpectire powers, and carefully considered the matters in dispnte, reciprocally a^p^Q aa fuHovra : —
" J^^intf Th ^ t 1 h f^ M other Lod ^-e Kii winn in ir ^) n 1 1 tott ^ ^ n m ^*^ all right of granting Charters, and come in, along with all the Lodges holding under her, to the bosom of the Grand Lodge.
** Secondly, That all the Lodges holding of Mother Kilwinning shall be obliged to obtain from the Grand Lodge confirmations of their re- spective Charters, for which a fee of three guineas only shall be exigible.
" Thirdly^ That the Mother Kilwinning shall be placed at the head of the Roll of the Grand Lodge, under the denomination of Mother Kilwinning, and her daughter Lodges shall, in the meantime, be placed at the end of the said Roll, and as they shall apply for confirmations ; but under this express declaration, that so soon as the Roll shall be arranged and corrected, which is in present contemplation, the Lodges holding of Mother Kilwinning shall be entitled to be ranked according to the dates of their original Charters, and of those granted by the Grand Lodge.
" Fourthly, That Mother Kilwinning and her daughter Lodges shall have the same interest in, and management of the funds of the Grand Lodge, as the other Lodges now holding of her, — Mother Lodge Kil- winning contributing annually to the said funds a sum not less than two shillings and sixpence for each intrant, and her daughter Lodges contri- buting in the same manner as the present Lodges holding of the Grand Lodge.
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 175
" Fifthly^ That the Master of the Mother Lodge Kilwinning for the time shall be tp«o facto Provincial Grand Master for the Ayrshire dis- trict. And,
" Lastly, While both Committees are satisfied that the preceding arrangement will be hii;hlj conducive to the honour and interest of Scottish Masonry, and though vested with the fullest powers to make a final adjustment, the Committees do only respectfully recommend its adoption to their respective constituents.
" William Inglis, S, G. M. Will. Blair.
Jo. Stewart. Robt. Davidson.
Alex. Laurie. Robt. Montoomerie.
William Guthrie, Gd.Secy. Alex. M*Gown.
Ja. Bartram, Gd, Clk. Alex. Hamilton.
James Crichton."
At the Quarterly Communication on 2d November 1807, the Report of the mutual Committees upon the dispute with the Kilwinning Lodge was approved of by the Grand Lodge, and shortly afterwards ratified and confirmed by the said Mother Kilwinning Lodge; and William Blair of Blair, Esq., Right Worshipful Master of said Lodge, was appointed Provincial Grand Master for Ayrshire.
1807. November 30. His Royal Highness George, Prince of Wales, was re-elected Grand Master and Patron, the Right Honourable Francis, Earl of Moira, re-elected Acting Grand Master, and the Honourable William Ramsay Maule of Panmure, M.P., chosen Acting Grand Master Elect.
After the Election, the Grand Lodge, accompanied by upwards of 1,200 Brethren, walked in procession from the Parliament-House to the Tron Church, where an excellent and appropriate sermon was preached T>y the Rev. Mr Brunton, minister of the New Greyfriars, and a collec- tion made for the Charity Fund of the Grand Lodge.
At a meeting of the Grand Lodge on 15th February 1808, the Sub- stitute Grand Master was appointed to consecrate the Lodge Trafal- gar, Leith.
The attention of the Grand Lodge was much occupied in the early part of the year in suppressing an attempt made by Dr John Mitchell, Right Worshipful Master of the Lodge Caledonian, Edinburgh, and others, to throw off and seduce their respective Lodges from their allegiance to her. After a proof being led, and answers thereto given in and discussed, the Grand Lodge, after long and serious deliberation,
nift HtaroRY op faab wasonrt.
^^xpeHoJ the said Dr Mitcbdl and tlie lettders ai tbos© Brethren who bod sid&tj &nd abetted him ia lis contumacious and highly uonui^oDio con- duct; and copicB of the senteuRo oF expulfiion, and tho grounds thereof, were circulated amonj^st fill the Lo^S^es under her JDnedietion, and sent likewise to the GrsiTKi Lodges of England und Irclannd, who C(>rdi3]Jy approved of the wise and vigorous meuisures which bad been adopted towiird« the recua^nta, uiid con^fratulaled the Grand Lodge of Scotland oil tho noble sLand flhe Iiad made, not only in defence of her own authority, hut also for the firmer eatabliabment of the o!d landmarks, and the general welfare of the Fraternity*
On the ]8th September the Grand Lodge^ assisted by about 1,000 of the Brethren of the variona Lodges in and around Edinburgh, and attend- ed by the lligbt Honours Wo the Lord Provost, Ma^'istrateft, aud Council, in their rolieii, laid tie FouDdation-t^tono of fl. new Jai), with tlio aocu^ tomed soleujuities, '
On the 27lh October, the Foundation-stone of a Church at PortohelJo^ near Edinburgh, wa* laid by the Substitute Grand Maater, a<^conlpanied by aeveral of the Gmnd Ofliecr?, and a lar^ assemblage of thct Brethren .
At the Quarterly Comnmnicatiorx on 7Ui November, the Lodge of Perth and Sooon was, upon a Memorial to thjit effect^ re -admitted into the bosom of the Grand Lodge, from which for some years past she had been estranged ; and, considering the great antiquity ' of this Lodge, and the handsome manner in which her office-bearers offered to pay up all arrears, the Grand Lodge re-instated her in her old number on the Roll of Daughter Lodges.
1808. November 30. His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales was re-elected Grand Master and Patron, and the Honourable William Ramsay Maule of Panniure, M .P., elected Acting Grand Master.
The Festival of St Andrew was this year celebrated in the usual Masonic manner by upwards of seven hundred Brethren, in Corrie's
^ [This undertaking was never carried into effect, the site being subsequently changed to a more convenient and salubrious locality on the Calton Hill. A building, serving as an auxiliary Police Office, known as the ** Lock-up-House, or €k>unty Buildings Prison, " was however built on the Foundation-stone of the intended Jail, which was removed in 1S56 to make way for several improvements on the Courts of Justice and the Library of the Faculty of Advocates. At its demolition the plates, with the bottles containing the coins, newspapers, &c., were presented by the Prison Board of Scotland to the Grand Lodge, and are now in her possession. — K]
* [It possesses regularly kept Minuto-Books for nearly the last three hundred years. — E.]
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 177
Concert-Rooms, the Substitute Grand Master, in absence of the Acting Grand Master, in the chair.
At a Special Meeting of the Grand Lodge on 14tb December, the Substitute Grand Master, Brother William Inglis, was presented with a piece of plate, of the value of 100 guineas, in testimony of the appreci- ation by the Brethren of his zeal and indefatigable exertions in the cause of Masonry. The gift bore the following inscription : —
Presented to William Inglis, Esq., of Middleton,
The Right Worshipful Substitute Grand Master Mason of Scotland,
Expressive of the Esteem in which he is held by the Brethren
For
The Propriety, Ability, and Integrity, with which he has
upon all occasions
Promoted the True Interests of the Craft,
And his uniform Manly and Independent conduct
In supporting the Dignity of
The Grand Lodge of Scotland ;
1 4th December 1808,
At a meeting on 18th August 1809, it was reported that St Cecilia's Hall, Niddry Street, had been purchased by the Substitute Grand Master William Inglis, Alexander Laurie, and James Bartram, Esquires, on the part of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, for the purpose of con- verting it into a Free Masons* Hall, at the price of L.l ,400 ; which pur« chase was unanimously approved of. Besides the Subscriptions already noticed, many of the Daughter Lodges made handsome contributions towards the undertaking, amongst these was the Lodge St Stephen, Edinburgh, for fifty pounds.
The 25th of October 1809, being the day celebrated thronghont the British Isles as a National Jubilee, on account of His Majesty King George the Third having attained the 50th year of his reign, — amongst other manifestations of public rejoicing a Grand Masonic Procession took place for the purpose of laying the Foundation-stone of George the Third's Bastion at the Port of Leith, which was performed by the Right Honourable the Earl of Moira, in absence of the Most Worshipful the Acting Grand Master.
The Masonic part of the procession which met in the Assembly Rooms and Naval Yard, Leith, was arranged in the following order :—
Two Grand Tylers with drawn Swords. Band of Music,
12
tTH rus uiflTonir of fiieb iiA«>NaT.
Two QrtntI Btownnla with Roda.
Bund of Singers,
S<jmtra anil Piuaib.
Two Gmutt StewanJA wUL Rods.
Conj fra^ftes — M al 1 c t — Le tel
Two Gran J Stow.in]* with RoiU,
Cap (wilh Wine) — (.'ornurnpiti (witit Com) — Cup {witb Oil.)
Bottle (with Couiji) — Bottle {vr'ilh NeivspiipirTS.)
Two Omnil Strwiinls with BoJ«,
ArchittTt with Pl^ti«.
Twt> Qmn4 St<^wartU with IW*,
Uiher of White lUl— Bible— Uuhe? of WUite RoJ.
Graod Chaplata*
OrAtii] Jewi41ef— OrantJI SocrcUry — Gmtid Cleric.
Gnind W^amJ^o, SubfllttnU Grand Atjt^t^r, Oruid WtLrden.
Omud Tre^i^arer
V$M Qr»nd Mastor^-^OitAND M^ittbu — Depute Qr^ad M»t«r
Throf Onnd Su>w:ir(U with RodB.
O^ntlcm^n alt4-ndinj,' the Grand LoJgc.
ProxtCA nnd Wardens. .^_^_
Edmhurgh Lotl^^w. with thoir Officers and Brethren, in their Seniority.
The Ceremonial having been jierformed with the nsual solemnities^ t}ie Most Worshipful the Deputo Acting Grand Master made the folio w- \ng Address to the Right Honourable the Lord Provost and Magis- trates : —
My Lorb Provost,
"In ordinary coarse we Masons are precluded (and wisely so,) by the habits and rules of our Institution from adverting in that character to any public occurrences, or taking part in any transaction which has a political reference* That prohibition is considered by ns as a necessary assurance to our fellow-^'itiiens against any abuse of influence from a Bnneroas body, associate*! by ties not understood beyond oar own circle, assembling for parposes not explained, and covering oar proceedings with anxious secrecy, — we have therefore to felicitate ourselves thai o« this occ^on the Magistracy, by calling as forth to discharge the paUic and proper functions of oar Order, have thus given as an oppor> tanity of testifying th^ ardour of oar sentiments towards the best of Sovereigns^ without oar obtniding oorselres in a Banner incoostatent with Q«r pciaciplesL la cooumm with joor Ludskip aad the rest of
THE mSTORV OF FttEE MASONRY. 17^
our fellow-subjects^ we have experienced the benignity of His Majesty's reign. In common with you, we have individually exulted in the extension of those arts and sciences so sedulously encouraged by his fostering patronage ; — sciences not confined to the closet of the student, but giving a just direction to the active industry of all classes, which has caused the wealth of this country to attain a position unexampled in history ; above all, we have glowed with the conscious pride of that manly defiance of every foe, which, relying on the favour of Heaven towards our pious Sovereign has been exhibited by this country amidst the wreck of surrounding Nations. This we have felt as men and Britons. As Masons, we have further to boast a special obligation : When mischievous combinations on the Continent^ borrow- ing and prostituting the respectable name of Masonry^ had sown dis- affection and sedition through the communities within which they were protected, and thereby called on the vigilance of the British Govern- ment to forbid particular confederacies, here a flattering discrimination exempted the established Free Masons from the scope of this prohibi.- tion. On the sole pledge of our decIaration,-^-on the simple security of our good faith, there was manifested a generous trust in our Ancient Fraternity. With a just sense of this magnanimous confidence, super- added to the other motives which this day call forth effusions of gratitude from every individual in the United Kingdom, we Masons, as a body, offer up our humble thanksgiving to the Almighty for the extended term which the reign of His Majesty has already reached, devoutly imploring the Divine Author of all Good to grant farther a long, a very long continuance, and earnestly praying that every hour of that period may be marked by the fond attachment of a lo3ral people.
" If any consideration may be admitted as adding to the happiness which we feel in being thus enabled to express onr suitable homage to our Sovereign, it is that of testifying at the same time our respect for the City of Edinburgh. That City has claims on the warm gratitude of us all, and on mine among the foremost ; and we rejoice peculiarly in paying our tribute to it when it is so adequately represented on this occasion by your Lordship and your colleagues. In the name of the Craft I sincerely wish that your Lordship may enjoy many years of health, of comfort, and of happy reflection on the prominent position which you held on this memorable day.**
His Lordship, on behalf of himself and his colleagues, having made a suitable reply ; the bands played the King's Anthem, which was fol- lowed with a grand salute from the guns of the Algeria sloop of war, which was then lying in the dock, which salute was returned by
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 181
desired the President of the Grand Stewards to deliver to the proper Officers the Jewels of their respective Offices, viz. : — The Compasses to the past Grand Master, the Level to the Depute Grand Master, the Sqaare to the Senior Warden, and the Plumb to the Junior Warden, which being done, the Grand Secretary, in an appropriate address, informed the Right Worshipful the Acting Grand Master that it was the wish of the Fraternity to dedicate this Hall to Masonry ; after which the vocal band sung the Masonic Anthem, with " Great Light to Shine."
The Acting Grand Master, after an impressive address, declared this Hall to be The Free Masons' Hall of Scotland, and in the most solemn manner dedicated the same to Masonry.
The Grand Secretary repeated to the Brethren that this was now the Free Masons* Hall of Scotland, dedicated by the Acting Grand Master to Masonry ; which proclamation was followed by the Grand Honours.
The Cornucopia^ filled with corn, was presented by the proper officer to the Most Worshipful the Acting Grand Master, who, in absence of the Grand Chaplain, strewed the contents over the Hall, saying, *'May the bonntifnl hand of Heaven ever supply this place with abundance of com, and all the necessaries and comforts of life ;" which was followed by the singing of an Anthem.
The Acting Grand Master then most solemnly and impressively d^icated the Hall to Virtue.
The Grand Secretary then repeated to the Brethren that the Hall was dedicated by the Most Worshipful the Acting Grand Master to Virtue, which was followed by the Grand Honours.
The cup with the wine was then handed to the Acting Grand Master, who sprinkled the same over the Hall, saying, '^ May the bountiful hand of Heaven ever supply this place with abundance of wine, and all the lieceflsaries and comforts of life ; ** which was followed by an Anthem.
The Acting Grand Master then solemnly dedicated the Hall to Uni- TSR6AL Charity and Benevolence. Whereupon the Grand Secretary repeated to the Brethren that the Hall was dedicated by the Most ||L. - Worshipful the Acting Grand Master to Universal Charity and Bene- ^ rdence; which was followed by the Grand Honours. ^ The oil was then given to the Acting Grand Master, who in like man-
ner sprinkled the same over the Hall, saying " May the all-bountiful hand of Heaven ever supply this place and this country with abundance T com, wine, and oil, and all the necessaries and comforts of life, and
kr ^
t_.
TKO JiiSt UtttTOliV or VUt^K ItjiauMtV.
tbo «lii|>8 ol war m tlie roada, Tbe pn>oA^f>& Uien returned to the NiiViJ YiirJ, where the Grruirl Loli^o waa cloaed Id ample form.
Tb« Lino of procession wma t^mrdod by tbe Prince of \Va^ea' Own Rcgl- thOQt of Erlinborgb Volunteers, and tLo wLol« ceremony piussed otf witli
tLe greatest ecl^t
On Utli November a Cbartfjr of Erection was i^nted to certain Hrethr*^n ia Ncwisau, Now ProviJenye, under tbo Ullo of tbo *' Lod^o Uniott/'
On 21«t November ISQ9^ tbe Free Maaona Hjill of Scotland wa* oon^ jiGmtvd by tbu MiHtt XVcirKhipfuJ nud Hi^bt Honoumblo tbo Earl of VdliMi) pHAt Gnind ^JuHUr. ua Gmml Muster^ in preaenee of Tbe Rigbt H[>nuuml>lt» tbe Lord Pr^rv<jbt of Editibur^fb, arcompanied by the Ma^ia- tmt^^a aud Council ; tbo Kigbt WomUpfti) und Right Hononrablo Jlenry Erekino, as Orand Maater EJeet ; tbt? Ki^bt WorEbipftil Admiml Sir Edmund Nngle, lu Depute Grand Maat^ ; tbe Bij^ht Wortbipful William Inglin, Estj., Substitute Grind Master; tbe Higbt Worabipful Jebn Clerk, Plsfj* of EJdiw, Senior Grand Warden ; the Hij*bt Worwbip* ful William Wilkie, Eaq., Master of tbo Lodge of Edinburgh Mary^a Cbupel, No* 1« aa Junior Oxund Wardt^n ; tl^o Right WorJibipful Ur George Wood, a** Grand Trtasiirer; tbe Right Worshipful Alcxandc^r Laurie^ Esq., as Grand Secretary, the Right Worshipful James Bar- tram, Esq., Grand Clerk, accompaDied by several Past Grand Masters, and the Right Worshipful Masters of numerous Daughter Lodges, with their Office-bearers and Members.
The Most Worshipful the Acting Grand Master and the Grand Officers were convened in the ante-room of the Great Hall, where, having been clothed in the proper regalia of their respective offices, the Grand Lo<lge was opened in ample form.
The Acting Grand Master, preceded by the Grand Stewards with their rods, together with the other Office-Bearers, &c., passed into the Great Hall, where they were received by the Brethren, all standing, with the usual Masonic honours, during which the band played the Anthem until the Grand Master was conducted to his place. The Acting Grand Master having taken the Chair, stated to the Brethren that the Grand Lodge, according to ancient custom on similar occasions, had been already opened ; whereupon the vocal band sung the Masons' Anthem in full chorus. The Acting Grand Master then delivered an eloquent address upon Masonry, which was received and applauded with every mark of Masonic approbation.
The Grand Architect was then desired to lay upon the table the Jewels of the Grand Master, which having been done, the latter
THE HISTORY OF PREK MASONRY. 181
desired the President of the Grand Stewards to deliver to the proper Officers the Jewels of their respective Offices, viz. : — The Compasses to the past Grand Master, the Level to the Depute Grand Master, the Square to the Senior Warden, and the Plumb to the Junior Warden, which being done, the Grand Secretary, in an appropriate address, informed the Right Worshipful the Acting Grand Master that it was the wish of the Fraternity to dedicate this Hall to Masonry ; after which the vocal band sung the Masonic Anthem, with " Great Light to Shine."
The Acting Grand Master, after an impressive address, declared this Hall to be The Free Masons' Hall of Scotland, and in the most solemn manner dedicated the same to Masonry.
The Grand Secretary repeated to the Brethren that this was now the Free Masons' Hall of Scotland, dedicated by the Acting Grand Master to Masonry ; which proclamation was followed by the Grand Honours.
The Cornucopia, filled with corn, was presented by the proper officer to the Most Worshipful the Acting Grand Master, who, in absence of the Grand Chaplain, strewed the contents over the Hall, saying, **May the bountiful hand of Heaven ever supply this place with abundance of com, and all the necessaries and comforts of life ;" which was followed by the singing of an Anthem.
The Acting Grand Master then most solemnly and impressively dedicated the Hall to Virtue.
The Grand Secretary then repeated to the Brethren that the Hall was dedicated by the Most Worshipful the Acting Grand Master to Virtue, which was followed by the Grand Honours.
The cup with the wine was then handed to the Acting Grand Master, who sprinkled the same over the Hall, saying, ** May the bountiful hand of Heaven ever supply this place with abundance of wine, and all the necessaries and comforts of life ; " which was followed by an Anthem.
The Acting Grand Master then solemnly dedicated the Hall to Uni- versal Charity and Benevolence. Whereupon the Grand Secretary repeated to the Brethren that the Hall was dedicated by the Most Worshipful the Acting Grand Master to Universal Charity and Bene- volence ; which was followed by the Grand Honours.
The oil was then given to the Acting Grand Master^ who in like man- ner sprinkled the same over the Hall, saying " May the all-bountiful hand of Heaven ever supply this place and this country with abundance of corn, wine, and oil, and all the necessaries and comforts of life, and
19S TSS mumomm of vmsR'uAmumr.
BMj tiie Ffee Mmom/' HtOI cf SeoHMid, now dacHcitoa lo Ibaonij, be erar Oie MaeliiMj and leeeptide of Virtue^ UoiTeiwl Cbttitjy ^^
n«nift«r «k« EnUani Appt^lhe H«mhi»M j^dayei ligf^M^ttjr
TIhi Moit Woirikipfu] the AcUug Gmnd Master kaTiDg called the Bnibren from kbonr to refreahmcnt) propc»sed the ht^jiltbs of tlic Lord Tioroet, lAigittimteBi and C*a uncoil of Edinburgh, vfho had honourorl this Wmm^ttg wilfa OMt prescDce, to wLidi tUo Lord Provost made a suitable i«^j. The AetiogCiraad Master thon drank to the beuUli of nil the Meaten of Lodges tlen present, which was appt^priately replied to. Mmj Jfaeonie sod Patriotic toa«t« were sabsequcntly proposed Eiud fMponded to, and after au ereniug spent with that dignity and pro- priety beating the solemnity of so interesting jin occasioBj the Grand Iie4g« wae doeed ia ample form.
THE lilSTOKY OF FREE MASONRY. 18.3
CHAPTER X.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND, FROM NOVEMBER 1809 tO NOVEMBER 1823.
1809. November 30. His Royal Highness George, Prince of Wales, was re-elected Grand Master and Patron ; the Honourable William Ramsay Maule, M.P., re-elected Acting Grand Master, and the Right Honourable James, Earl of Rosslyn, chosen Acting Grand Master Elect. On 5th February 1810, the Reverend John Lee, D.D., Minister of Peebles,^ was chosen Grand Chaplain, and inducted at the Quarterly Communication on 7th May following.
An order was issued on 7th May for the consecration of the Lodge St John, Airdrie, — the ceremony to be performed by the Master of the Senior Lodge in the district.
On the motion of Brother Laurie, it was resolved " that a circular letter shall be annually transmitted to all Lodges holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, specifying the Grand Officers elected at St Andrew's Day ; stating the money received from, and the number of Intrants in each Lodge ; a list of the persons relieved from the Charity Funds, with the amount granted ; a statement of the necessary expenditure attending the management of the Grand Lodge ; lists of Charters granted to new Lodges ; expelled Members ; Contributors to the liqui- dation of the Hall debt ; and lastly, all new Laws or Regulations adopted by the Grand Lodge."'
An Extraordinary Meeting of the Grand Lodge was held on 14th June 1810, to consider a letter, and Resolutions in connection therewith, from the Grand Lodge of England, under the Grand Mastership of His Grace the Duke of Athole, relative to a union between them and the Grand
* [1857, Principal of, and Professor of Divinity in, the University of Edin- bargb, and one of the Deans of the Chapel Royal, Holy rood. ~E.]
* [The above Circular has proved of the greatest utility, and is now published under the title of «* The Grand Lodge of Scotland's Reporter."— E. J
td4
ruK iiT*i'rouv OF freu MAiio^av.
Lodge of England under Hid Royal Htglinc^s tbe Prince of Wa^lcis, and CATiDg the advieo uJiiL aesi stance of tLc Grand Lod^ of Scotland in affecting an object at onco eo desirable and Maaoiiic* Wbereupoo, after mature deliberation, tbe Most Worsbipful tlio Acting Gmnd Master, tbe Right Woraliipfiil tbe Acting Grand Master Electa aod the Rig! it Worsbipfal the Earl of Moira, Past Grand Master, were nppuioted with full powers, to all or any one of them, to meet "with the Officers of the reepeetive Grand Lodges of Engla.nd^ and H^tui and concur in any measures that may be adopted by the Sister Grand Lodges for their permanent unionf and the general interest^ hononr^ and hurmouy of tho Masonic Order/'
This year tbe Foundation-fitoue of the Lunatic Asy^nnij Gla>?gow^, wae laid with Maaonio honours by the Right Honourable Jamoa Black, Lord ProTost of that city, appointed by the Grand Lodge, for tbijf occasion. Depute Provincial Grand Master of the Lower Ward of Lanarkflhire.
1810, November 30, His Royal Highness George, Prince of Wales, was re-elected Grand Master and Patron ; and the Right Honourahlv James, Earl of Rosslyn, was elected Acting Grand Master. The Right Worshipfnl Brother Alexander Laurie was appointed Joint Grand Secretary*
The Grand Election took place this year in the New Hall, which had been altered and handsomely fitted up for tbe reception of the Brethren under the direction of Brother Laurie, to >i?hom in particular, and to tbe Committee assisting him in general, the thanks of the Grand Lodge were ananimously voted. It had been in contemplation to have cele- brated this event by a Masonic procession, which was however dispens- ed with, owing to the indisposition of His Majesty George the Third. It was unanimously agreed to contribute L.lOO annually from tbe Grand Lodge funds towards the extinction of the Hall debt until the same should be paid.
The question of the right of a Master to appoint bis own Depute was this year formally brought under the consideration of tbe Grand Lodge, when it was unanimously decided that the Master of a Lodge had the right of appointing his own Depute, unless the practice of his particular Lodge, or any bye-law thereof, ruled the contrary.
A Petition of a novel character was presented by Lieutenant Craw- ford, and other Naval Officers, for a Charter to hold a Lodge under the name of " The Naval Kilwinning Lodge on board Her Majesty's Ship Ardent ;" which, after due consideration, and consultation with the Sister Grand Lodges of England and Ireland, the Grand Lodge, not with-
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 185
standing the respectable station of the applicants, felt herself constrained to refuse.
1811. November 30. His Royal Highness The Prince Regent was re-elected Grand Master and Patron ; The Right Honourable James^ Earl of Rosslyn, was re-elected Acting Grand Master ; and The Right Honourable Robert, Lord Duncan, chosen Acting Grand Master Elect.
No event of importance occurred during the year.
1812. November 30. His Royal Highness The Prince Regent was re-elected Grand Master and Patron, and the Right Honourable Robert) Viscount Duncan, was elected Acting Grand Master.
At an Extraordinary Meeting of the Grand Lodge held on 31 st March 1813, to consider inter alia the Petition of J. 0. Brown and others, who bad been expelled for the part taken by them in the proceedings of Dr Mitchell, the Grand Lodge, in conformity with the prayer of their Peti- tion, resolved to repeal the sentence of expulsion, and re-admit them to full Masonic privileges j and ordered copies of this deliverance to be for- warded to all Daughter Lodges, and to the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland ; it being always understood that this recissory act should in nowise affect the sentence against Dr Mitchell, which was still in force.
1813. November 30. His Royal Highness The Prince Regent was re-elected Grand Master and Patron ; the Right Honourable Robert, Viscount Duncan, re-elected Acting Grand Master; and the Right Honourable Charles, Lord Kinnaird, chosen Acting Grand Master Elect.
After the Grand Election, which took place in the Parliament House, the Brethren walked in procession by torch-light from thence to their own Hall, where the Festival of St Andrew was celebrated by upwards of 1,500 of the Craft in the usual Masonic manner.
At an Extraordinary Meeting of the Grand Lodge on the 20th Decem- ber, there was laid on the table a conjunct letter from the Most Wor- shipful His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, Grand Master of Free and Accepted Masons of England, according to the old Institution, and the Most Worshipful His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, Grand Master of Free and Accepted Masons under the Constitution of England, addressed to the ^lost Worshipful and Right Honourable the Acting Grand Master, enclosing the articles of union between the above name<l two Grand Lodges, which had been solemnly ratifietl, sealed, and ex- changed by both the contracting parties, who were to take henceforth the style aitd title of " The United Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted
Mfvsuna of EnglftiKl/'tlie union to bo con«umm&ted on the Festival of St Jobu tbe Evangelic : AJl which dt>cuments liaviDg^ been considered by iLo Grand Lodge with fraternal attention and reepectj ctmgrattiUtory rmoluticna were {yasscd and ordered to be conveyed to the Grand Lodges of England on this auaf>icfou3 reconciliation and re- union.
Amongst the Chart era granted this year was onoj on 7 th February 1814^ to the Lodge Aitchis^en^^ Havcn^ which had been in existence from the year 1535 ; and, from the circumatance of this Lodge being pre- sent at the Constitution of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in l7*iBt it wta Xfioolved that it should have precedence from that date, and stand No. 36 on the Grand Lodge Roll
1814* NovEHUETL 30> His Hoyal Hlghne^ the Prince Regent waft ro elected Grand Master and Patron^ and the Right Honourable Jatnes^ Earl of Fife, ivae elected Acting Gmnd Master,
On the Idth September 1815^ the Foundation -atones of the Regent Rridge, and the New Jail on the Calton HjH of Edinburgh, were laid with the usual Masonic solemnities by the Aloi^t Worshipful the Acting Omnd Mo^ter^ in presence of a great number of nobility and gentry, the Lord Provoflt and Magistrates, the Sheriff of the County, and Parliamen- tary Commissioners for the erection of the new Jail, the Members for the City, a large assemblage of the Bretliren, and a vast concourse of spectators.
The plate deposited in the Foandation-stone of the Bridge bore an inscription to the effect that in the second year of the Provostship of Sir John Marjoribanks of Lees, Bart., the citizens of Edinburgh having made this new and magnificent access to their capital, according to the plan of Robert Stevenson, Civil Engineer, ordered the name of the Regent, George Augustus Frederick, to be inscribed thereon ; the first stone of which was laid by the Right Honourable James, Earl of Fife, Acting Grand Master of the Most Worshipful Society of Free Masons in Scot- land, on the 19th September 1815, and in the year 5815 of Masonry.
The plate deposited in the Foundation-stone of the Jail bore the following inscription : —
Annuente Deo Optimo Maximo
Georoii III, Patris Patriae, Anno Regni LV,
Prorege Georgio Augisto Frederico,
Edinburgi Pncfecto Iterum
JoANNi Marjoribanks de Lees, Equite, Baronetto,
Provinciae Edinburgensis Vice-Comite,
Architecto Archibaldo Elliot,
Boni Urbis et Provinciae sumptu collataque munifice
I
Cttunoni I
wak fOMBin IE He irsiupa a las- 1^*-^- r "^-ura Ia^ «s— li^'i^-— IW^ i»il Wki^ k -fcrsr ■«*.--- ir — .-»-.sr-* r mr— -par*. -=r-.
nf ii* Ifjgiui^L. fur n &. skezht r-:aLsak*T"» "u Urf i.^rfc's^
VM&ccUfd GrsaiL Hun? mul ?tl:tui -;i.» llcr^r Z^unncajit? •:um"x Biri rf Fait. j*-t»«ci«-t ±*rin^ h-roii. TLs^vr bxil ix»» l.^nr Znp'arrviitf Sr Ji^ KxrjvrlvuLiA Imsr.. ^wtm •.-li.-^^ -i.?niLr r^«i»i. Xtsifr i.-:*"^
vUdl lilt Hc^TLLTV^L -VriU^asL JL VrfXSdiMl x« 11* I^?^ lliBSWC:? r-fc » ^
tL« witnit if VIM. m. i*f:cib*sn: urarr%t- iriaL --i.s icespi::^ ic u«« :^« •*^»' by wtiA i*TsaI fgiW3»ci ▼«?» ladiirmavj s: ri^J -, -^^ * 7^*
immt&kA^j ii.\*!r:;<it air a* 5tT:'.r.£* iC lit fiffrfrf. v,^ w>.x->, i>>^
ft aBikr eucxclis^-ts.
' I Tbe fUk>«ii:|^ at a c»f7 erf u« isKrifOsc *bennr rrffrrc4 w : Tbb G&ax> LcAfti or ScoTUixi^ In CtiOUMXBoratkm Of :be Mssouc ^irtvc^ of L'lotker Pktee Docglas* IVcc**?^^ » Uie Master of the Lodge of Journey wt^ >»*»^^*^' Places this Tablet In the Hall of that l.*Hliit\
IHS
TUB [II0TORV OF VHEE HAKl.XUY.
At llie Quarterly Commutiicatioti qu (Jtli May 1816, an AJdrosa wrs voUsi to Hi* Royal Higbncpe tl»e Most WoraLipful tho Gnind Mazier on tho marriag-fi of Lie daughter the Princoaa Charlotte, aiiJ was trans- tiuttcJ to Hia Royal Higline^ia by the Riglit Hotionraye and Moat Wor* shipfiil tbo Earl of Fife, Artin^ Grand Master
Tbia year tl»e Upper Ward of Lauarkphire ipaa divided into two di#- trict^, rh* : — the Upper and Middle Wttrda thereof, tlie tttcreaeiTig interests of the Order urgently re^^TiJring sach a divisioth
The GiRDd Lodge and DretbreD, being de.^irous to mark thdr appro- bcitioii of tbe unwearied eflbrts of the Substitute Grand Master, Brotbflr Inglis, in the interest of the Uraftj iinaoimoualy agrec^d to solicit him to sit for hifl portrait/ to be plaeedj when fiuiahed^ in tbe Great Hall of the Grand Lodge of Scotland ; which request was eourteously acceded to by tbe Right Worshipful the Substhnte Grand Master^
1818. Dkcembkh 2. His Royal Highness The Prinee Regent was re-elected Grand Master and Patron, and Sir John Marjoribanks of Lees, Bart., M,P.j was elected Aetin^ Grand Master.
On 3d February 1817, in full Grand Lodge aseemblod, the following Address to Hia Royal Higbnesa the Prince Regent j on hia eacape from the itttetnpt made on hia life in returning from opening Parliament, was read aiid unanimously agreed to, and ordered to be transmitted by the Most Worshipful the Acting Grand Master to the Right Honourable Lord Sidmouth, for presentation : —
" To His Royal Highness George, Prince of Wales, Regent of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Grand Master and Patron of the Order of Free Masons in Scotland,
The Dutifvl and Loyal Address of The Grand Lodge OF Scotland.
" We, the Office-bearers and Brethren of the Grand Lodge of Free Masons in Scotland, humbly beg leave to approach your Royal High- ness to express our deep concern at the late wicked and treasonable attack committed by some desperate individuals, amidst the tumults and disorders of a misguided populace, upon the sacred person of your Royal Highness, when returning from the exercise of one of the most important functions of the high authority with which your Royal High- ness is invested, and so inseparably connected with the liberty, welfare, and happiness of every class of His Majesty's subjects.
* [Painted by Mr (afterwards) Sir Henry Racburn, in the possession of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. — E.]
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASQNRY. 189
" It is written in tbe Institutes of our Order that we shall not at our meetings enter into religious or political discussions ; upon the present alarming occasion however^ we feel justified in humbly pre- senting ourselves to tbe notice of your Royal Highness, and joining our voice to that of our fellow-subjects in renewing the assurance of our fervent and unalterable attachment to your Royal Highness and to your Illustrious House, and of our firm adherence to our present Constitution, under which our country has flourished through so many ages in the fullest f)ossession of civil and religious liberty.
^* Signed and Sealed in our name and by our appointment, in Grand Lod^e assembled, this 3d day of February, in the year of our Lord 1817.
(Signed) " John Marjoribanks, Acting Grand Master,**
Another Act for the more eflectual suppression of Seditious meetings and assemblies having passed the Legislature this year, a clause in which provided, as before, for the exemption of Lodges of Free Masons, the Grand Lodge, in acknowledgment of this renewed mark of confi* dence, re-iterated her previous injunctions to Daughter Lodges ; and, that no innovation might be introduced whereby the purity of the Order would be diminished, unanimously resolved : —
" Ist. That it cannot be too strongly impressed upon the minds of the Brethren, or too often repeated, that the Grand Lodge recognises only the three degrees of Apprentice, Fellow Craft, and Master Mason of St John's Masonry »
" 2d. That at present this becomes the more necessary, because of late years certain Orders have arisen in Scotland under a variety of appel- lations, and attempts have been made by some of these Orders, and also by individuals belonging thereto, to introduce themselves to meet- ings of St John's Masons, with their regalia and insignia ; and, in parti- cular, to processions of our aifcient and respectable Fraternity.
'' 3(/. That the Grand Lodge, and Lodges holding under her, having only a right to hold their meetings in consequence of exemptions con- tained in their favour in certain Acts of Parliament, it becomes the more necessary to maintain not only the inviolability of their Constitu- tion, but also the principles of the Craft in all their ancient purity.
'' Uh, That all the Lodges holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland are therefore hereby certiorated that these standing Rules will in future be strictly enforced by the Grand Lodge ; and that if any Order of alleged Masons in a body, or any individual of those Orders, shall be ad- mitted to the Lodges holding of the Grand Lodge, or allowed to walk
190 THR BISTOHV OP PIIRB MASONRY.
in any prooeBMon, or unat at any Maaonlc meetings witb regalia, insigniaj WtlgeB^ or oroiseB, otlicr Uian Uiow belonging to St JgbnV Maaonry, the offending LotJgea aliall bo proceeded ajr^itiiit in the Grand Lodgej in t^rma of her L^ws, for any iufringemont of this RegulatioOj — ao<t
** Lfutft/, That tbeae Hcaolutions shall bo prltitoj and circulated ainoDg ill the Ltxlges in Scotland, that nono may pretend ignomuce ; and likewise tninenutted to tho Provincial nranJ Masters, with instructions to hoe this Law strictly enforced and carried into complete o^ect m ev^ery Lodge in their respective Province*/'
1817. Decembek L HiB) Hoyal Highneas the Prince Regeutwas re- elected Gr:»fid Master and Patron ; Sir John Marjoribaalv*, of Loe«, Bartf M.P., was re-ol(?ctod Acting Grand Master ; and tlie Most Noble Georg(^, Marquess of Twrjeddale* was chosen Acting Grafid M.i^er Elect-
Au Address of Condolence to Hia Uoyal Highncsa the Most Worabip* fnl tbe Grand Master and Patron of tho Order on the death of Her Royn] Highness the Princess Charlotte of Walea was road, and ordered to bo transmitted by the Most Worshipful tho Acting Grand Maater for presentation* After vbicb tbe Brethren, dres^e^l in deep mourning, walked in procession from the Free Masons' Hall to the High Church, where an appropriate and eloquent Sermon from 2d Chronicles, vi, 28-31, was delivered by the Rev. Dr John Lee, tbe Grand Chaplain, when a collection was made on behalf of the Masonic Poor.
At the Quarterly Communication on 3d August 1818, it was announced that the Grand Lodge, and tbe Fraternity in general, bad sus- tained severe loss in the death of their venerable and much respect- ed Bible-bearer. Brother Alexander Peacock, tbe Father of tbe Scottish Craft.
1818. November 30. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent was re-elected Grand Master and Patron ; and the Most Noble George, Marcjuess of Tweeddale, was elected Acting Grand Master.
An Address of Condolence to His Royal Highness on the death of Her Majesty Queen Caroline was prepared, unanimously approved of, and ordered to be transmitted for presentation.
1819. November 30. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent was re-elected Grand Master and Patron j the Most Noble George, Marquess of Tweeddale, was re-elected Acting Grand Master ; and His Grace Alexander, Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, was chosen Acting Grand Master Elect.
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 191
On tbe MotioD of the Substitute Grand Master Brother Inglis of MiddletoD, a loyal Address to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, expressive of the attachment of the Grand Lodge and Brethren to the Throne, and the Laws and Constitution, was read, unanimously approved ofy and transmitted to the Most Noble the Acting Grand Master for presentation.
No Festival took place this year on account of the disturbed state of the Manufacturing districts throughout the country.
At an Extraordinary Meeting of the Grand Lodge on 1 Sth March 1820, convened for the special purpose of proposing an Address to His Majesty on his accession to the Throne, the following was unanimously approved of, and transmitted to the Acting Grand Master for pre- sentation to His Majesty by his Grace the Duke of Hamilton, Acting Grand Master Elect ; which His Majesty was pleased to receive very graciously, and at the same time signified that h^ would have "great satisfaction in continuing to be the Patron of the ancient Order of St John's Masonry in Scotland:" —
" Unto the Kino's Most Excellent Majesty.
" May it please your Majesty,
"We, the Most Worshipful George, Marquess of Tweeddale, Acting Grand Master Mason of Scotland ; Alexander, Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, Acting Grand Master Elect ; William Inglis, Esq. of Middleton, Substitute Grand Master ; Samuel Anderson, Esq., Senior Grand Warden ; James Joseph Hope-Vere, Esq. of Craigiehall and Blackwood, Junior Grand Warden ; Sir John Hay of Smithfield and Hayston, Baronet, Grand Treasurer ; Alexander Laurie, Esq., Grand Secretary ; James Bartram, Esq., Grand Clerk ; and the Rey. Dr John Lee, Professor of Church History in the University of St Andrews, Grand Chaplain, with the other constituent Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland ;
" Presume to approach your Majesty with sentiments of unfeigned respect and of firm allegiance to your Majesty upon your accession to the Throne of your Royal Ancestors, accompanied with feelings of sincere condolence on the late afflicting events in connection with your Majesty's illustrious House. While your Majesty's people will ever remember with the deepest gratitude and affection the Royal and most estimable qualities of our late aged and revered Mon- arch, we have the highest consolation in the reflection that his dis- tinguished virtues are eminently inherited by his Royal successor, and that tbe royal sceptre of this great and extended Empire will
1^4 * Tna HICTORY OF FRKB M.&^0Xn7.
** 1«^ HoaalveJ, In fttlHJni^Dt of tlio eitpcctation held lotih, hud tit recJomption of tlio pleJ^c eonc under to Hia Majeety the Kin^, iti tlio potitit>T» proeetitTfl to the Throno by hie Gmoo John Uake of Atbolo^ in hobalf i*f the Committee of Nobleincn and Gentlemoo, contributare to tho N?itional Mouiitnent of ScotianJ, (eboald Hi« Majesty be g^m- cioualy pi cased to coimtenaueo thia KosolutioD,) to l<iy the Fouudiitiou- 9rtt>ne of the edifice on the oc<T^on of the gracious vieit of Hie Majesty (the Patron of the uDdertakiiig) to the ancioui palace and oapita] of Hift Koyal ancestors.
" 2d, Reeolved, That the ptecedmg Rcaoltitioti bo fttrthwith com* man ion ted to the Secretary of the Omud Lodge of Scotkodf of which tbe King is PatroOj in order that tbe necessary etepn way }>e taken by them^ in conJunctioQ with sueb of the Proviocia) Lodges as may chtiose to uttoud^ to give all due eiFoct to this interesting and impoi^ing ceremony. (Si^ed) " Leven & MEi.vTtLB, /*/y*m, Michael LiNTiiNO, Secjf/*
Tbe Grand Lodge bavin g dnly eot)«idet^ the foregoing ResoUtioiiSj re- Jirtlvod to afford every Masonic av^sietaijoe that eo important an occasion de- manded, as soon as His Majesty's grociona intentions were maile known to tiiom ; ond Rppointcd the whole Giund Ofticera oa a Committee, with full powers to make such arrangements as may bo deemed expedient, — the Substitute Grand Master to be Convener.
At a meeting of tlie Grand Office-Bearers of the Grand Lodge, held at the Palace of Holyrood on the 12th day of August, the Most Wor- shipful the Grand Master presiding, the following Address, in pursu- ance of the unanimous resolution of the Grand Lodge on the 5th current, was read and approved of; His Grace the Most Worshipful the Grand Master undertaking to present it to His Majesty : —
" To THE King's Most Excellent Majesty. *' Most Gracious Sovereign, " We, your Majesty's most dutiful and faitbful subjects, Alexander, Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, Most Worshipful Grand Master Mason of Scotland ; George William, Duke of Argyle, Right Worshipful Grand Master Elect ; George, Marquess of Tweeddale, Right Worshipful Past Grand Master; William Inglis of Middleton, Right Worshipful Substitute Grand Master; James Allan Maconochie, Advocate, Right Worshipful Senior Grand Warden ; Myles Angus Fletcher, Advocate, Right Worshipful Junior Grand Warden ; Sir John Hay of Smitbfield and Hayston, Bart., Right Worshipful Grand Treasurer ; Alexander Laurie, Right Worshipful Grand Secretary; James Bartram, Right Wor-
TUB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 195
shipfhl Grand Clerk ; John Maitland, Assistant Grand Clerk ; The Rev. Dr John Lee, Very Worshipful Grand Chaplain ; William Cunning- ham, Very Worshipful Grand Jeweller ; and Archibald Paterson, Very Worshipful Grand Bible-Bearer ; with all the other constituent Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, approach your Royal Presence with all humility and respect.
'' In the name and on behalf of the whole Fraternity, we solicit leave to welcome your Majesty, upon your arrival in this Kingdom, with our heartfelt congratulations.
'* Your Majesty, as Patron of our Ancient Order of St John*s Masonry of Scotland, will be gratified to learn that the Fraternity continues to cherish and cultivate those principles of brotherly love, reverence for the King, and respect for the laws, upon which Masonry was originally founded.
'* We consider it as an auspicious day for Scotland when your Majesty landed in this country ; and we are persuaded that a more intimate knowledge of your Majesty's Scottish subjects, from personal observation, will impress your Majesty's mind with a lively sense of the loyalty and attachment which they profess for your Majesty's person, and which will not be less gratifying to your Majesty's patriotic feelings from their being founded on the just value we set upon the due main- tenance of our laws and of our liberties.
" We hope that the multiplicity of more important concerns, which must occupy your Majesty's mind upon the present occasion, will not prevent your Majesty from viewing with favourable regard this Ancient Order which your Majesty has condescended so long to patronise.
''Regretting that the shortness of your Majesty's stay in Scot« land will not permit us to hope for the honour of your Majesty's presence within our walls at any of the ceremonies of our venerable institution, we conclude with imploring that the Grand and Omnipotent Architect of the Universe may grant to your Majesty a long and a happy life, and that peace and comfort which yon confer on your people, and which will ever be gratefully acknowledged by the whole body of Masons.
'' Signed by appointment^ and in Grand Lodge assembled, this 12th day of Augnst 1822, and of Light 5822.
(Signed) " Hamilton & Brandon,
" Grand Master Mason of Scotland:'
The Foundation-stone of the National Monument of Scotland, on the Calton Hill, Edinburgh, was laid on Tuesday the 27th August 1822. The Grand Officers assembled in the Hall of the Writers to His Majesty's
1&6 • TiTE niSTouy ot free masomiy,
Si^ct, where Uje Gnnd Lodge was opened in ample form by His Grace
die \)iiko of HamjUou, K.G,, Gr.iQd Master, whilst the BretLren were mErslmlled id the Parlianient Stjimre by tbe Grand Marshals; i*iiU at two H o'dock the praccssioD tnored in tbo foUowing- Order : —
I
A Unnd of Miiaic-
Georf^ Bucbaaan atad Gcturgo Ncagle, Gnutd Tjrlora,
with drawn ewordi*.
Grand Stewards of Lodges Celtic, Portobello, and Trafdlgar, with
white Reds.
Cempa^aes and Level { carried by two Of^emtives,)
GniTiil Stewards of Lo^lges Caledonian, Roman Eagle, and Edinburgh
Defcnisive Baud, with H'hite Rods.
Square and Plumbs (earriod by two Operatives.)
Qmnd Stewards of Ledges St Stepboii> New Edinbnrgh Kilwinning,
and St JanicSf with white Bod?.
Operative* Maliet, Operative.
Carried by tbe Senior non-official Member of the
Lodge Jourueymen, Edinburgh.
Grand St^wnr^lfi of Lodges Royal Areh^ Thistle^ and St Andrew,
with white Rode.
Cup, (Wine.) Cornucopia, (Corn.) Cup, (Oil.)
carried by Three Operatives.
Grand Stewards of Lodges St Luke, St David, and Journeymen,
Edinburgh, with white Rods.
Inscription Plates, carried Architect Two Bottles with Medals,
by Operatives. with Plans. carried by Operatives.
Grand Stewards of Lodges Canongate and Leith, Canongate Kilwinning,
and Lodge of Edinburgh Mary's ChapeL with white Rods. Usher of White Rod. A. Paterson, Bible-Bearer. Usher of White Rod.
* Rev. Dr John Lee, Grand Chaplain. John Patison, Esq., W.S., John Dickie, Esq., W.S., with white Rods.
James Bartram, Grand Clerk, and John Maitland, Assistant. J. Irvine Henderson, Esq., Advocate, Andrew Gillies, Esq., Advocate,
with Rods.
Alexander Laurie, Esq., Grand Secretary.
Alexander Kidd, Esq., Writer, John Thin, Esq., Architect, with Rods.
John Hay, Esq., younger of Hayston, Grand Treasurer, p, t,
Edward Robertson, Esq., J. Carnegie, Esq., with Rods.
James Allan Maconochie, Esq., R. W. Senior, and the Honourable
General Duff, Acting R. W. Junior Grand Wardens, with Batons.
J. Graham Balfour, Esq., George Spankie, Esq., with Rods.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 197
William Inglis, Esq., Right Worshipful Substitute Grand Master.
James Ivory, Esq., Advocate,^ William Alexander Laarie, Esq.,
with Rods.
His Grace The Duke of Argyle, Grand Master Elect.
The Right Houourable The Earl of Rosslyn, Past Grand Master.
Robert Brown, Esq., and Charles Gordon, Esq., with Rods.
His Grace the Duke op Hamilton and Brandon, Grand Master.
William Spalding, Esq., Walter Moir, Esq., with Rods.
accompanied by
Sir John Marjoribanks of Lees, Bart., M.P., Past Grand Master.
Alexander Hamilton of Grange, Esq., Right Worshipful Provincial
Grand Master for Ayrshire.
Sir Patrick Murniy of Ochtertyre, Bart., Right Worshipful Provincial
Grand Master for Perthshire. Sir David Moncrieff of MoncriefT, Bart., Colonel Moray of Abercaimey,
Provincial Grand Wardens for Perthshire. John Maxwell, younger of PoUok, Esq., M.P., Provincial Grand Master
for the Lower Ward of Lanarkshire. Lord Archibald Hamilton, M.P., Right Worshipful Provincial Grand
Master for the Middle Ward of Lanarkshire.
Thomas Graham Stirling of Airth, Esq., Right Worshipful Provincial
Grand Master for Stirlingshire.
Reginald Macdonald " of Staftk, Esq., Right Worshipful Provincial
Grand Master for Argyleshire and the Isles.
Major William Miller, Royal Horse Guards, Right Worshipful
Provincial Grand Master for Dumfriesshire.
Thomas Legh, Esq., M.P. ; Colonel Stewart of Garth ; Governor
Mair of Fort George ; William Murray, Esq., of Murray's Hall,
Major Belshes of Invermay ; <kc., iic, &c.
The Proxy Masters and Proxy Wardens, being constituent members of the Grand Lodge, having been marshalled according to the seniority of the respective Lodges which they represented, followed the Grand Officers.
The Daughter Lodges, and Brethren amounting to upwards of three thousand, followed, according to seniority, the Proxy Masters and Wardens.
* [Subsequently the Honoarable Lord Ivory, one of the Senators of the College of Justice.— E.] ^ [Afterwards Sir Reginald Macdonald Stewart Seton.— E.]
fil
1 U l^friJ I'nvrMi Mi|t«im4oi, ftiul CouarU cf th« City of EtUubiu^jli^ |#fi«H«i|i#i| l^y iUit i)\iy OflliMan, currying thn Mmo, Swonl, Jtc.,
Tti« NvttUmitn Miin|Mwii»|f ItU Majvi«ty'« Hi^U Go4ntnlMloD, with tbcir
U* t)i# NuUoual Monumoiu.
Tkn lUft mT |»fti4MNHdiW WftB lEMwnhMl by Uw Svoto Qr«yi^ Hit M
^^iHgtami^ nut) n \mv\y u^f luhuiry, iwiwuifftiiitd by ibeir T«qk«^ro
niih^ 'lb«i i|ilvii^JvHf \ti ibU fkVw.'MM^ieu W ntirtr Wn cxcoUod id
K^u^'* <V4lb#M^ alt liftiMl nlmAm^ mm»T99^i vycb I
Uwh^ .iuvi KiukH^li, iAuU UkO^ iu cxervic^ of tbt^ sathority thereby vv^ukuat^vvl iv» ih«Mu^ Uhoy buiJ v.^favod ih^ ayKinfimoi oi the Most Wva(xhi[>^ul uho UiuaU MikOt^f M^sua gl* S<.vclsiud ;uhi hit» Btetfarsn ia l^viu^ iho KuuuvUuiHk .nU>uc ^ ihit> N^iuoual Mooumenfi to ^to Luvmoiv v'l Uk»c< bmvc Uicu wb\> bi^ ^«m tbeir blch^i in dw ^rrioe of ib<a i.\»uuiiv VV ^i^jtfvupva tho >Loq4 VV.jrtsiiij^i'u nb^ Ge&na Xsbster viiJ, viuu h^viu^ r\xAHV^ biiji Makjc«s*yN> v»QtmifcUvi< to lay tbi* F<Hin- vIhuou .vu>av\ !i ^t^ uvw thv'ir ducv :o pi:>K>w«i witb dm nxvienakin^ : u^'a ^li;sU ibv^ U*a^i ^y^Ni ' Haii» Mae^iury. ' The L^nuia Cbttpiaun
vijf^ivi \4iCj4Vi. arv<i%Ni i.bi»C^i*uiU Vr^jifc&urvr, ^,>rtvau >^H:n?4afv. xmi linukki *^'Wt5Kf V lu^v u u^ .ii>ilt^i><> Ji ib^' >4i'atj :b^ \i(,tle«^ x»uiAiiun:r die cvvU».N tvH>f»i*i<4>v i^wiiic^ .v;v., -^UAca c»*.ijii; iou*?.. wen? »>enf»4 ^i\h
«»»A<Vo, .a A.UC.l vc£\, iw 'Wow 111^ Uc^n^»il\iijL»
lit. >Ov^i • fW i>*»^«'
I
THE UISTORY OF FREE MASONllV. 190
TUIS MONUMENT,
The tribute of a grateful Country to
Her gallant and illustrious Sons,
as
A Memorial of the past, and incentive to the future
Heroism of the Men of Scotland,
Was founded on the 27th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1822,
In the third year of the glorious Reign of George IV,
Under his immediate auspices,
and
In commemoration of his most gracious and welcome visit to his
Ancient Capital, and the Palace of his Rojral Ancestors ;
John, Duke of Athole ; James, Duke of Montrose ;
Archibald John, Earl of Rosebery ; John, Earl of Hopetoun, i
Robert, Viscount Melville ; and Thomas, Lord Lynedoch,
Officiating as Commissioners, in name and behalf, and by special
Appointment of His August Majesty, the Patron of the undertaking :
The celebrated Parthenon at Athens being the model of the Edifice.
On the back : —
National Monument of Scotland,
His Grace John, Duke of Athole, President of the General Meeting of Noblemen and Gentlemen held at Edinburgh on the 24th Febru- ary, and at London on the 19th April 1819, and Chairman of the Committee of Management. Sir William Rae of St Catherine's, Bart., Lord Advocate of Scotland, Convener, Michael Linning, Esq. of Colzium, one of His Majesty's Clerks to the Signet, Secretary,
Sub-Committee of Managem>ent, His Grace John, Duke of Athole.
The Right Honourable David, Earl of Leven and Melville. The Right Honourable Archibald John, Earl of Rosebery. The Right Honourable Robert Saunders, Lord Viscount Melville, First
Lord of the Admiralty. Admiral Sir David Milne, K.C.B. Henry Cookbum, Esq., Advocate." Robert Dundafi of Amiston, Esq., Advocate.
^ [The name of Thomas, Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, was added to the Com- mission after the plates were engraved. — E.]
" [Afterwards one of the Senators of the College of Justice ; Author of a " Life of Lord Jeffrey ; " " Memorials of His Own Time," &c.— E. J
200 THB HISTORY OF FREE MA80MRT.
John Hay, Esq, Adyocate.
John Borthwick, Esq., Advooate.
Archibald Alison, Esq., Adrooate. ^
James Simpson, Esq., Advocate.
William Inglis, Esq., W.S.
William Allan, Esq., of Hillside.
Hugh Williams, Esq., North Castle Street
Stewart B. Inglis, Esq., of the King*s German Legion.
Michael Linning, Esq., Secretary and Convener,
Second Plate:—
The proposal for erecting this National Monument originated at the Anniversary Meeting of the HighUnd Society of Scotland held on 9ih January 1816, on a motion made by Michael Linning, Esq. of Colzium, seconded by the Right Honourable Robert Dundas of Amiston, Lord Chief Baron of Exchequer in Scotland ; His Grace Charles William, Duke of Queensbeny and Buocleuch, being Presi- dent of the Society at the time.
On the Third or Civic Plate was inscribed the names of the Magis- trates and Councillors of the City.
Fourth or Masonic Plate : —
The Foundation-stone of this Edifice,
The National Monument of Scotland,
Was laid by
His Grace Alexander, Duke of Hamilton and Brandon,
Most Worshipful Grand Master Mason of Scotland,
Under the Patronage of
His Most Gracious Majesty George the Fourth,
This 27th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1822,
And of Light 5822.
Grand Lodge of Scotland :
His Most Gracious Majesty George IV, Patron
Of the Most Ancient Order of St John's Masonry for Scotland ;
His Graco Alexander, Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, Most Worshipful
Grand Master Mason of Scotland ;
* [1857, Sir Archibald Alison, Bart., LL.D., Sheriff of the County of Lanark, and Provincial Grand Master for tho Lower Ward thereof ; the well-known Author of the " History of Europe; " a " Life of Marlborough," &c.— E.]
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 201
His Grace George William, Duke of Argyle, Right Worshipful
Grand Master Elect ;
William Inglis of Middleton, Right Worshipful Substitute Grand Master;
The Most Noble George, Marquess of Tweeddale,
Right Worshipful Past Grand Master ;
James Allan Maconochie, Esq., Advocate, Right Worshipful
Senior Grand Warden.
Myles Angus Fletcher, Advocate, Right Worshipful
Junior Grand Warden ;
Sir John Hay of Smithfield and Hajston, Right Worshipful
Grand Treasurer ;
Alexander Laurie, Right Worshipful Grand Secretary ;
James Bartram, Right Worshipful Grand Clerk ;
John Maitland, Assistant ;
The Rev. Dr John Lee, one of the Ministers of Canongate,
Very Worshipful Grand Chaplain }
William Cunningham^ Grand Jeweller ;
Archibald Paterson, Grand Bible-Bearer.
These plates being deposited, the Most Worshipful the Grand Master proceeded with the ceremony, and having applied the square, the plumb, and the level respectively to the stone, with the mallet he gave three knocks, saying, — " May the Almighty Architect of the Universe look down with benignity upon our present undertaking, and crown this splendid edifice with every success ; and may it be considered, for time immemorial, a model of taste and genius, and serve to transmit with honour to posterity the names of the artists engaged in it ;" followed by the Grand Honours from the Brethren, and the Band playing " On, on my dear Brethren." When the music ceased, the cornucopia with com, and the cups with wine and oil were delivered by the Grand Wardens to the Substitute Grand Master, who in succession handed them to the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, when he, according toancient custom, poured out the corn, the wine, and the oil upon the stone, saying, " Praise be to the Lord immortal and eternal. Who formed the heavens, laid the foundations of the earth, and extended the waters beyond it. Who supports the pillars of Nations, and maintains in order and harmony surrounding Worlds : We implore Thy aid, and may the continued blessings of an all -bounteous Providence be the lot of these our native shores. Almighty Ruler of Events, deign to direct the hand of our gracious Sovereign, so that he may pour down blessings upon his people ; and may they, living under sage laws and a free government, ever feel grateful for the blessings tlicy enjoy : " Which was followed by the Grand Honours from the
lii'Viil < •ii/irji. • • J. ■r-. 'i.'jl
IV. II (iui ( 'iilinii Hill, it wa-^ iiiiiiie-
■ iv ..mil 111 iliii ('ii.-t.|<- of K(lliil)iir;|;Ii,
■ .4 !i, iiiil (iMiii ilio nrihi:tiir(> |)hi(.'C<l on
M.ul [>!.Mt^l llio Mii.Miiiir Antlicin. the
. Ni.i ui. (mvVxhUsI l»v I III' (Jraibl NVunloiis,
".» 1 '..%'. r^u III. iWiw \\houv'o hi > iuMOo iK*livoro*l
V « ........ ■ % * A.^\ :■ - ' .• :■ ■ . "i: L ,l:. :^
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• . .« .. » • . ., I .•■*. I .'. r.. .'' • I :•..;. :-..i
THE HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 203
the noblemen and most distinguished individuals of the country ; upheld by the Magistrates of this great city ; and commenced under the auspices of my respectable Brethren around me. That His Majesty, our Patron, should hold forth a fostering hand to his Brother Masons and encourage them in what is beneficial to mankind, at once manifests his care for his people and his attachment to the Craft. We are most grateful to him for his royal commands, made known to us through the medium of the distinguished Commissioners who represent his royal person. I con- sider it as a fortunate event his coming to this his kingdom of Scot- land. When he landed upon our shores it was an auspicious day for this country, not merely because he beheld the beauty and improve- ments of this great metropolis and surrounding country ; not merely because he has witnessed the exultation of a w'ell regulated and intel- lectual people ; not merely because he had an opportunity of showing his benignity and kindness to all his subjects, I look to objects of national importance, and even of greater weight and consequence. I consider it as an auspicious day because it placed him as it were in contact with the Scottish people ; it enabled him to examine, by personal communi- cation, into their characters and feelings ; it enabled him to inquire into the state of this country ; to inform himself of our wants and distresses ; to relieve them where they exist ; to maintain and preserve our comforts and eminent advantages. I say it was an auspicious day for Sovereign and Subject, inasmuch as it opened a new scene of glory to a constitutional King, and offered a new promise of prosperity to an affectionate people.
" I feel rejoiced at being upon this occasion placed at the head of our ancient and venerable institution of Masonry ; and I am happy, how- ever inadequate to the task, to address also the worthy Lord ProYOst and Magistrates of this City ; no one can beholdt he embellishments made in it without complimenting them upon their taste and exertions, as it must have been the result of constant attention and judicious plans to have produced changes so beneficial, convenient, and ornamental. These improvements are the source of pride to ever Scotchman ; the source of wonder and admiration to every stranger.
" When I perceive myself surrounded by friends and Brethren whose high qualities render them dear in social life, and valuable to our august fraternity, I congratulate myself and the Craft. Occasions like the pre- sent remind us of the origin of our Order. The mysterious ceremonies of our art teach us that we are associated for the improvement of archi- tecture and the benefit of social man. I rejoice to co-operate in these duties with my brother Masons on this solemn occasion, so truly genial to the spirit of the Craft. I am proud to see by my side, (and I
204 THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY.
coDgratuIate my brother MasoDS upon it,) the Grand Master Elect of Scotland. Brethren and Scotchmen, when such names, and others around me, present themselves to you, there is no one who does not recur to the bright pages of Scottish history, where they find them signalized by deeds of renown and' glory, which they read and admire, and anticipate in their sons the continuance of the patriotic virtues of their progenitors.
" Before I conclude I beg to offer my thanks to the different Mas- ters, Wardens, Ofiicers, and Brethren, for their numerous attendance at this solemn ceremony. Having concluded the duty of the day, let them return home ; and, animated with new zeal for the spirit of Masonry, let them encourage in their respective situations the sacred and mysterious ceremonies of our august Institution, formed, in due humility, upon the basis of true and genuine philanthropy ; — let them promote with industry the practice of love and charity. As the Great Architect of our universe is the creator of all that is good or great, so be you the instruments and ministers of His will, continuing to teach and encourage the virtue of Fraternal affection."
His Grace the Duke of Athole having in the King*s name returned thanks to the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, to his Grace the Duke of Argyle, Grand Master Elect, to the Grand Wardens, the Pro- vincial Grand Masters and Worshipful Brethren, for having so ably performed their Masonic duties on this important and interesting occa- sion, said *' that they could not conclude better than by reading the pre- amble of the Act under which they, the Commissioners appointed by His Most Gracious Majesty, the Patron of the undertaking, to represent his sacred person, had now officiated, — ' Whereas it is expedient that a monument should be erected in Scotland in testimony of national grati- tude to Almighty God for the signal successes of the British arms by sea and land in the late eventful war, to perpetuate the memory of those brave men whoso exertions contributed to the glorious result of that arduous and momentous contest, and to act as an incentive to others hereafter to emulate their example in maintaining the honour and pro- moting the welfare of their country.'
** This national tribute of gratitude to our gallant countrymen has," con- tinued His Grace, " been commenced under the most peculiarly auspici- ous circumstances. The ground was broken on the anniversary of His Most Gracious Majesty's birth-day, and the Foundation-stone is laid by us, the Commissioners acting in the name and on behalf of His Majesty, on the anniversary of the day when Christian Slavery was abolished, when the captive's bonds were broken, and the prisoner set free by British valour under the walls of Algiers, — thus gloriously terminating the achievements of our gallant countrymen."
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 2()/>
The ceremony being concluded, the procession left the ground in reverse order, tlie Junior Lodges walking first ; when it arrived at the Waterloo Hotel, the whole Brethren halted, and having opened to the right and left within the military, and being uncovered, the High Commissioners, the Committee, Lord Provost and Magistrates, Sheriff, and High Constables, passed between the lines, and entered the Water- loo Hotel. The Lodges then resumed their position of close order, and proceeded to Freemasons' Hall. On the arrival there of the Junior Lodge the Brethren again halted, opened to the right and left, and stood uncovered till the Grand Master, Office-bearers, and attendants, passed through the lines to the Hall, where they were followed by the Masters, Proxy-Masters, and their Wardens ; the Lodges being left in charge of the Depute Masters.
Before proceeding to close the Grand Lodge, the Duke of Hamilton again expressed his warmest thanks to his noble friends, and to the Brethren in general, for their attendance. His Grace stated that he had frequently lamented that, from particular circumstances, he had not had it in his power to meet the Brethren since his appointment to the Masonic chair, though it was well known to many in the room that he had been most desirous to have an opportunity of communicating inasonically with his Brethren ; and he assured them that if at all possible, he would gladly have another meriting before his departure from Scotland.
The Grand Lodge was then closed in ample form, and the brethren separated.
The following Report was on the same day transmitted by His Majesty's High Commissioners to the Secretary of State for the Home Department : —
** Edinburgh, August 27, 1822. "Sib,
^We beg leave to report, for His Majesty's information, that the Duke of Montrose, the Earl of Hopetoon, and Lord Viscount Melville, oot being able, from unavoidable circumstances to be present, we, the ondersigned, appointed in conjunction with the al>ove - mentioned Noblemen to represent His Majesty on the occasion of laying the Foundation-stone of the National Monument to be erected on the Calton Hill, in commemoration of the victories of the late war, havin;;; called for the assistance of the Grand Master, the Grand Lodge, and other Masonic Lodges €i Scotland, the ceremony was performer] this day at three o'clock, p.m., with aU due solemnity, nnder a Royal Salute from the Castle of Edinbnigfa, the Battery on Salisbury Crags, and His Majesty's
206 THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
ships in Leith Roads, and amid the acclamations of an immense con- course of spectators.
" We have the honour to be, Sir, (fee,
(Signed) " Athole.
Elgin and Kincardine. Rosebery. Lynedoch. " To the Right Honourable Robert Peel."
The following letter was transmitted by the Duke of Athole, Preses of the Royal Association of Contributors to the National Monu- ment, to his Grace the Duke of Hamilton, Grand Master Mason of Scotland : —
"Edinburgh, August 30, 1822.
'' My Lord Duke, — Permit me to thank your Grace, as Grand Master Mason of Scotland, in name and on behalf of the Royal Associa- tion of Contributors to the National Monument, for the very obliging and handsome co-operation of the Grand Lodge and the Provincial Lodges of Scotland, on the late auspicious occasion of laying the Foundation-stone of an edifice which must do honor to the country and . prove a splendid ornament ^to this ancient capital.
" The ceremony was conducted in a manner highly gratifying to the immense concourse of spectators who witnessed it, and it may perhaps be with justice considered one of the grandest and most impressive spectacles iu the history of Masonry.
" Your Grace will have the goodness to convey these sentiments to the Grand Lodge and other Lodges of Scotland, and oblige, My Lord Duke, your most obedient and faithful humble servant,
(Signed) " Athole, Preses''
1822. November 30. His Majesty King George IV, Patron. His Grace George William, Duke of Argyle, was elected Grand Master.
November 29, 1 823. — The business during the year was of a routine nature, — no event occurring of sufficient importance to be record- ed here.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 207
CHAPTER XL
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND, t^ROM DECEMBER 1, 1823, TO NOVEMBER 1836.
1823. December 1. His Majesty King George IV, Patron. His Grace George William, Duke of Argyle, was re-elected Grand Master, and the Right Honourable John, Viscount Glenorohy, chosen Grand Master Elect.
On the 30th April 1824, the Foundation-stone of the new road or approach to Glasgow from London was laid, by sanction of the Grand Lodge, by the Right Honourable Lord Provost Smith of Glasgow, Depute Provincial Grand Master of the Lower Ward of Lanarkshire, in presence of a large assemblage of the Brethren and a great number of spectators.
Amongst the Charters granted this year was one to certain Brethren residing in Angostura, Province of Guayana in Venezuela, for holding a Lodge under the name of " The Eastern Star, Colombia."
1824. November 30. His Majesty King Geoige IV, Patron. The Right Honourable John, Viscount Glenorchy, was elected Grand Master.
On account of the recent calamitous conflagrations in the city, the celebration of the Festival of St Andrew was this year dispensed with.
The Foundation-stone of the High School, Calton Hill, Edinburgh, was laid on the 28th April 1825 bj the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, with the accustomed Masonic ceremonial, in presence of a large attendance of the Brethren, the Right Honourable the Lord Provost, the Magistrates, the Principal and Professors of the Univer- sity, and the Rector and Masters of the High School.
1825. November 30. His Majesty King George IV, Patron. The Right Honourable John, Viscount Glenorchy, was re-elected Grand Master, and the Right Honourable Thomas, Earl of Kinnoul, chosen Grand Master Elect.
lot tna ttt»ORT OF I^RRB HASOKUT,
At llie Qnajiorly Ci^nnDttnicatian <m 6tli Fi^tiniuy 1R26, it wfu row)Wo<] to ilivtilo the extensire antl jx>|mlous ehir^ of Henfrew into two diatrictjj to be thenceforth calteJ tbo Ea^t aod West Benfrewsbire Provinces ; wbkh iliviaion -was raadc ac<^f>rJingly, fl^Tid Provlncml Grand Mai9ter8 ap[>oiatQd to oacb. J
1826* No\E«uKW 30. His Majetfty King Gcofgo IV, Patron. Tbe| K\j^hi HuuomuUti Tbomas Robert, Ear) of KkDDOLiI, waa olocteil Qmnd Master
At the Quarterly Cqwmmjira-lton on 5tK Fubnutry I8s27j lux AUdr«s9 i>r (v'oDtJdt^noo to Wa Mtijoi^ty oti tbo di^lh of flid Rojul H^ghnese the Dako of York was niovflil, «i>Animoii*iy npproveiJ of, arid tmramittcl to fho Hort Wor«bipfiiI the Onind Mjtatc^r ff>r prcM^nt^tion, and which HU M»jo«ty wiu ]>]ctuM>J to n^oive very j;m<rionaly, A Charter wnE, at the eamo tnoetin^j ordervd to bo Uaaed lq favor of certain Brethren ID Htdifa^, for bobLitig a Lodge there, tnidfif the titl^t of the " Lodge Thistle, Hnlifaxj No-a SootU>*'
A t th e Q t] Artcr t y C.\)ui m u n i ea tion on (! tli A ugu»t, B ro lb er W i Hi etin D um was ap|>oint4i^iJ Qmnd Architect, in room of Brother John Thin, deceased,
Ou tho InJth Au^'ust, the Foundat ton* atones of tbo Western appi^^incb and George I V Briilge^ Edinburgh, wcrr>, jit rc<|HM of the City Improve- ment CommissioDcrs, laid with the usual Masonic ceremonial by the Substitute Grand Master, Brother Inglis, attended by about 1,200 of the Craft, and in presence of the said Commissioners, the Right Honour- able the Lord Provost (Trotter) and Magistrates, the Sheriff of the County, and a great number of spectators. At the conclusion of the ceremony the Right Worshipful the Substitute Grand Master addressed the Right Honourable the Lord Provost, Ma<;istrate8, and Commis- sioners, as follows : —
"My Lord Provost and Gentlemen,
" In the absence of the Right Honourable and Most Worshipful the Earl of Kinnoul, Grand Master Mason of Scotland, the honorable task has unexpectedly devolved upon me of presiding in my Masonic capacity upon this occasion, being the anniversary of the day so gratifying to the feelings of the people in Scotland — the day on which His Majesty landed on his visit to this country. While I regret that your Lordship and the Commissioners have been deprived of the pre- sence of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, I feel great pride and satisfaction, as one of the oldest Free Masons in Scotland, and not a very young citizen of Edinburgh, in occupying this day so distinguished a position. I have now, therefore, to offer to your Lordship my heartfelt
TBB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 209
congratulations, in which I am joined by all the Masons of Scotland now present; on the auspicious commencement of these works ; and I assure your Lordship and the honourable Commissioners, that we all feel much gratified by the manner in which we have been employed to- day. We look upon this as a new era in the history of your city ; because, in thus connecting by these new approaches the whole of the metropolis and the extended environs, a benefit is conferred not only upon all parts of Edinburgh without distinction, but the ancient part of the city, for which we have the highest veneration, is by these im- provements preserved in a great measure from decay, thereby increasing the beauty of that picturesque situation for which we are so much indebted to nature."
His Lordship having made a suitable reply, the procession proceeded to the Royal Exchange, where the Brethren were dismissed.
1827. November 30. His Majesty King George IV, Patron. THe Right Honourable Francis, Lord Elcho, was elected Grand Master. At the Quarterly Communication on 4th August 1828, Brother John Hay, younger, of Hayston and Smithfield, was elected Interim Substi* tute Grand Master, in room of Brother William Inglis, resigned.
1828. December 1. His Majesty King George IV, Patron. The Right Honourable Francis, Lord Elcho, was re-elected Grand Master.
No event of importance occurred during the two preceding years.
1829. November 30. His Majesty King George IV, Patron. The Right Honourable Francis, Lord Elcho, was re-elected Grand Master, and the Right Honourable George William Fox, Lord Kinnaird, chosen Grand Master Elect.
At the Quarterly Communication on 2d August 1830, the following Resolutions were adopted, upon the death of Brother Sir John Hay, the late Grand Treasurer: —
" 1st, That the, Grand Lodge sympathise most sincerely with Sir John Hay of Hayston, Bart, their Substitute Grand Master, upon the death of his father the late Sir John Hay, Treasurer to the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
** 2d. That the Grand Lodge, while they deeply lament the great loss they have sustained, are highly sensible of the many obligations they owe to the late Sir John Hay, who for nearly half a century acted as their Grand Treasurer ; and, besides faithfully discharging the duties of that important office, rendered many pecuniary services to the Grand Lodge.
14
210 TBB HTSTORT OF FREE HASOXHT.
2d» That tie abovfi unaniinoad expression of Uie setitlmentd of llie Oratid Loilge of ScotlaDil ehall bo c*jiiimunicatetl by tho GrauJ Secrotiry to Sir Jobti Hnjr, Bart., tbe present Right Worshipful gubatitLite Grund MuHter.
Thereafter the Grand Lodge approved of the followiug Addreasi to Hifi Majesty King William IV on his acceasion to the Throne, aud iintktiitnoudly roiiolved to transtnit; the same to the Rtgbt Honotimblo tU% Earl of Rofislyn fur prcaeatation : — ■
Unto TUB Kixg*s Most Excellent MiJESiTV, I
" 3f<sjf it pU<tJtfi iftmr Maje*iyt ^
" We> your Majesty 'h dutiful and loywl wubjecta, FmneU, Lord Eleho, Mo8t Worshipful Grand Master Masou of the Andont Order of St John'a Masonry for Scotland, Goorge William Fox, Lord Kiiinaird^ Doptite Grand MaetcTi John, Viscount Olenorchy, J'nst Grand Master, Bir John Hay of Smithfield and Hayatou, Bitrt., Substitute Grafid Maxtor, in the natne and on behalf of the Freeuia^uns of Scotland, of the Ancient Order of St John, beg leave to approach your Maje^^ty with the exprea- BioD of our moi^t eiacero condolence on the mournful bereavement which year Majt^^ty and the Empire has suffered by the demiso of our lato rav^ered Monarch George IV, the illustrious Patron of our Ancient Order.
" At the same time, we have a peculiar satisfaction in offering to your Majesty our hearty congratulations upon your Majesty's accession to the throne of your Royal Ancestors, having the fullest assurance that the sceptre of these realms has descended to a Prince who will wield it to his own honour, as well as for the glory and happiness of a loyal and a faithful people.
" We humbly implore the Great Architect of the Universe to shower down upon your Majesty and your Ro3ral Consort His divine blessing ; and that your Majesty may have a long, a happy, and a prosperous reign, is the affectionate and fraternal wish of the Free Masons of Scotland.
" Signed in name of, and by appointment of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, in full Grand Lodge assembled, and the Seal of the Grand Lodge of Scotland appended hereto, at Free Masons' Hall, in the City of Edinburgh, this 2d day of August, in the year of our Lord 1 830, and of Light 5830. (Signed) " Elcuo, Grand Master,
" John Hay, Substitute Grand Master. " Alex. Laurie, Grand Secretary, " Jas. Bartram, Grand Clerk"
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 211
At the nomination of Grand Office-bearers on let November, the Right Worshipful the Substitute Grand Master read the following letter, transmitted to the Grand Secretary by the Right Honourable the Earl of Rosslyn, which was received by the Brethren with every demonstra-* tion of Masonic respect : —
" WhUehall, August 12, 1830. " My Lord,
" I have had the honour to lay before the King the loyal and dutiful address of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons of Scotland, of the Ancient Order of St John, which accompanied your Lordship's letter of the 10th instant, and have the satisfaction to inform your Lordship that His Majesty was pleased to receive the same in the most gracious manner.
I am able to add that His Majesty has been graciously pleased to signify his consent to become the Patron of the Grand Lodge of Free Masons of Scotland, of the Ancient Order of St John. I have the honour to be, My Lord, your Lordship's very obedient Servant,
(Signed) " Robert Peei,. " The Earl of Rosslyn, &c., &c., &c.,
" St James' Square, London."
1830. November 30. His Majesty King William IV, Patron. The Right Honourable George William Fox, Lord Kinnaird, was elected Grand Master.
At an Extraordinary Meeting of the Grand Lodge, held on the 19th March 1831, the following Resolution, expressive of the regret at the loss sustained by the Grand Lodge on the death of Brother Alexander Laurie, late Grand Secretary, was unanimously agreed to : —
'' Resolved, That the Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland avail themselves of the opportunity of this meeting to record the deep sorrow which they feel for the loss which the Grand Lodge has sustained in the death of their Grand Secretary, who, for a period of twenty years, dis- charged the duties of the office zealously and faithfully ; and, indepen* dent of acquiring to himself the character of a true christian and up- right honourable man, his memory is endeared in the heart of every Mason for the manner in which he discharged his duties not only in the Grand Lodge but for the kind-heartedness which he displayed in dispensing the charity funds under his charge ; and the Members of the Grand Lodge must ever hold themselves under the greatest obligations for the spirited, liberal, and handsome manner in which he made him- self personally responsible for the large sum of money necessary to
212 THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY.
secure the Grand Lodge their present Hall ; and while the Members of the Grand Lodge entertain these feelings as Masons, they would also beg to record their feelings of deep sympathy with his afflicted family for the loss they have sustained in an affectionate husband and kind father."
Thereafter the meeting proceeded to fill up the vacant office, when Brother William Alexander Laurie, who had been for some years Assistant Grand Secretary, was, on the proposition of Brother James Gibson-Craig,^ seconded by Brother Sir John Murray Nasmyth, Bart., elected by a majority of 129; and, after a suitable address from the Substitute Grand Master, was sworn into office in the usual manner.
The Committee for the erection of the Bums Monument on the Calton Hill having fixed on the 8th September for laying the Founda- tion-stone thereof, requested the co-operation of the Grand Lodge on the occasion, a request to which *the Grand Lodge most readily acceded; but as the Magistrates declined sanctioning a public procession on account of the disturbed state of public affairs, the idea of a Masonic demonstration was reluctantly abandoned.
1831. November 30. His Majesty King William IV, Patron. The Right Honourable George William Fox, Lord Kinnaird, was re- elected Grand Master, and the Right Honourable Henry David, Earl of Buchan, chosen Grand Master Elect.
At the Quarterly Communication on Gth February 1832, the sum of L.25 was voted to the Board of Health, recently instituted in Edinburgh, to be applied by them in aid of the fund for support of the Soup Kitchen of that city. The Grand Lodge at same time intimated that they would give a second subscription to the same amount, if circum- stances should require it.
In the absence of the Right Honourable the Earl of Rosslyn, Provin- cial Grand Master for Fifeshiro Province, the Grand Lodge authorised Brother George Birrell, Right Worshipful Master of the Lodge Union, Dunfermline, to lay the Foundation-stone of a new Hall to be erected for that Lodge there ; the ceremony to be performed with the assist- ance of the neighbouring Lodges, on the 4th day of June.
At an Extraordinary meeting of the Grand Lodge held on the 29th June, the Right Honourable the Earl of Buchan, Grand Master Elect, moved an Address to His Majesty expressive of the abhorrence in which the Grand Lodge and Brethren viewed the late atrocious attack made upon his sacred person, and the gratitude they felt towards an over-ruling Providence for his Majesty's safety. An Address having been prepared and read accordingly, it was unanimously agreed to, and 1 [Afterwards Sir James Gibson-Craig of Riccarton, Bart.— E.]
TfiK HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 213
transmitted to the Right Honourable Lord Kinnaird, the Most Wor- shipful Grand Master, who presented it to His Majesty at the Levee on the 8th July, which was received by His Majesty in the most gracious manner.
The Foundation-stone of a new harbour at Perth was laid with Masonic honours on the 9th June by the Lord Provost of that city, acting by appointment of the Right Honourable Lord Kiunaird, Grand Master Mason of Scotland and Provincial Grand Master of that Pro- vince ; and, by sanction of the Grand Lodge, on 9th August his Lordship the Most Worshipful the Grand Master laid the Foundation- stone of a new harbour at Dundee, in presence of the Lodges of the District, with the usual Masonic Ceremonial.
1832. November 30. His Majesty King William IV, Patron. The Right Honourable Henry David, Earl of Buchan, was elected Grand Master.
The transactions this year were wholly of a routine nature, and con- tained nothing of permanent interest to the Fraternity.
1833. November 30. His Majesty King William IV, Patron. The Most Noble William Alexander Anthony Archibald, Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale, was elected Grand Master. Commissions were also read appointing the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, Pro- vincial Grand Master of the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire ; Sir Thomas Dick-Lauder of Fountainhall and Grange, Bart, Provincial Grand Master for Elgin and Morayshires ; and William Doune Gillon, Esq. of Wallhouse, M. P., Provincial Grand Master for Linlithgowshire; who, being all present, took the oaths and their places in the Grand Lodge accordingly.
The Festival of St Andrew was afterwards celebrated in the Waterloo Hotel, the Most Worshipful the Grand Master in the Chair, attended by the Grand Officers and about 200 of the Brethren ; and, after spending a happy and truly masonic evening, the Grand Lodge was closed at high twelve by the Grand Master, in due and ample form.
On the evening of the 15th January 1834, Sir John Hay, Bart., Sub- stitute Grand Master (in absence of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master), accompanied by the Officers of the Grand Lodge and others, visited the Lodge St Luke, Edinburgh ; on the 22d of the same month a similar visit was paid to the Lodge Canongate Kilwinning ; on the 30th to the Lodge of Edinburgh, Mary's Chapel ; and on 3d February, to the Lodge St David, Edinburgh ; in all which they were welcomed by the respective Right Worshipful Masters and Office-bearers with
tu
THR HUTORT OF PftEB MA90KttT*
ifYcry (1en]on0trB.tioQ of uIpl^ohic respect duo to tbcit higb pDaition m iho Cmft. Thos*5 uro tho first iDstAncCB of Grand VUittitioiia wliicb oocur Iti tlio Rcc?or(ifl of the Gnud Lo<]gt».
Od ttic 2 let of Msiroh, Sir Joha Hay, Bart.j ftccompftniod by Brothers Kogmald MacdouuU of Stafla, Junior Grand Warden, Sir Norman Matdoimld Lockhart of Loo, Dart,, Acting Depute Gmud Master, tbe Gmiul So<^retAry, tho Grand Clerk, and otbers, laid tbe FoiimU- tlou-tftoue of the County liuildlngs aud Jail of Lanark, accordittg to nui«ou!o usftge anil tlxo rulejs of tLe Craft. An i^loi^neot eorDmn^ most appropriate to the oc«awton, wa* preacIjo<l in tho Pariah CburcL of Latltirk by the Kcv. Aloxauder Stewart, Minister of Douglaaj which wm Afterward? printed aod pnbluhed at tho request, and under tha Kinction of the Grand Lodgo.
At tLe condusiou of tho ceromonyf tho SuUttitute Grand Master nddresfiod tho Magii^trateSj CoRnnisfiiouoFa of Supply, Tmdeflj and Brt'throu, to the following effect ; —
'* It M DOW my daty to congratiiUte yon npon tho aiuipioious ootn^ tiieneomont of thin great undertaking. Wo have tJiis day laid the Foundatiou-Atoue of a building which will do honour both to you and to thU rich diHtrict. It is indeed a ploaaout aigbt to see tbls happy ooio- biuation of tho Magistracy of thia l^oyal IJurirb and the neitrhbouring gentlemen, the representatives I may call them of the two great interests of this coantry — the Agricultural and Commercial Classes — assembled to raise a splendid structure for the administration of justice. It is not^ indeed, that any building, however beautiful we may found or you erect can add to the majesty of the law, — No, Gentlemen, the law in this country requires not the aid of external decoration : This building, however magnificent, can no more add to the majesty of our law than the splendid temple can add sanctity or purity to the holy religion we profess ; but it becomes us well in these our latter times to act as the Greeks and Romans did in their earliest ages : We should take care that the casket should be fitted to the jewel it contains, that our public buildings are worthy of the purpose to which they are devoted ; and we should not permit them to remain monuments of our sordid net^lect, while we lavish the richest treasures of architectural art on edifices set apart for private luxury. And in an especial manner, I congratulate you upon the extended provision made for the classification and con- finement of prisoners ; we look back with feelings of pain and dis- gust upon what was the condition of Jails only a few years ago,— dens into which all were huddled together, male and female, young and old, the unfortunate debtor and the hardened ofifender, the untried, and
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 215
(therefore, it is to be presamed, innocent prisoner,) the condemned, and (therefore, it is to be presumed,) guilty malefactor. These were places into which none could enter, however pure, without the risk, nay, almost the certainty of coming out contaminated.
" But now. Gentlemen, amongst other great changes which have taken place with the progress of humanity and civilization, such a state of discipline and classification can no longer be tolerated in our prisons. If, in such a county as this, great has been the progress of agriculture and the extension of manufactures, if there has been an increase of population and an accumulation of wealth, it is unhappily true, that with that in- crease of wealth and population there has been also an increase of crime; and yet we do trust and believe that crime has not increased in the same ratio, and that its fatal progress has been counteracted by the blessing of God, which has been poured out on this our native land in its system of moral and religious education. New jails are required, and are erecting everywhere in this country, but more for the purpose of separating and classifjring the criminals than from an increase of crime; and we hope that this building, of which we have to-day laid the Foundation, will rather furnish cells for penitence than dungeons for punishment That this may prove the case much will depend. Gentlemen of the Magistracy, on your careful superintendence, and on the co-operation of the Ministers of the Gospel ; and we trust that many may come out from its walls rejoicing in the words of the Royal Psalmist " It was good for me that I have been afflicted, that I might learn thy Statutes, OLord!"
" Right Worshipful Brethren and Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge, in the name of the Most Noble the Grand Master, I return you thanks for the cordial co-operation and support you have given to his dele- gate : Brethren of the different Lodges present, in the name of the Most Worshipful Grand Master and the Right Worshipful Office- bearers of the Grand Lodge, I thank you for your numerous attendance, your Brotherly assistance, and the splendid appearance you have made this day, which I shall duly report to the Most Worshipful the Grand Master. And in an especial manner to you Mr Provost, Mr Sheriff, and Gentlemen, in the name of the Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge and the Craft in general, I thank you for the opportunity you have afforded us of exercising the mysteries of our ancient craft, for the indulgence you have extended to us, and the gracious manner in which you have received us. Trusting that the work has been executed to your entire satisfaction, respectfully we bid you farewell."
To this Address the Provost of Lanark, on behalf of himself, the Magistrates, and Commissioners, made a suitable reply, in the course of
^*IS TUE HiaiORY OP FftKB MilSOMtY,
whicL he thftaked the Subtttute Grand M&j^tor aud Br^hrcu for the ho no a r conforrod upon them on tho prc^rnt oeradorit and for the yery tfBcit^nt manner tn which the ceremony had been performed^ and concluded by Baying, tlint ad the work Jmd commenced undor tho mo*t faruurable circumstances, he implored tho Great Architect^ who ovornile« ull thinga, to accompany it with His Bleowing ; and that Ihe ho8t wiah for its prosperity and that of tho connty wotild bo, that that portion intended for tho unfortunate would long stand unoo* eupiod. On the 15th August tho ceremony r>f plaoing the Koy*fltone of tho la*t Arch of tho New Bridgoacrosfl tho TwtMj nt Ptwblus, was perform* cd by Sir John Hay^ Bart., Substitato Grand Master and Prurlncial Grand Master for Peebles and Selkirkahxresj acci^mpanicil by the Pro- rtnoiulGmnd Lodge^ the Grand SucTctaryjttid Onind Clerk, and attended hy ntfnrly 300 Brethren. TLe Provincial Grand Lodge hairing been opened in preaence of the Right Worshipfal Maxtor and Wardens of tho Lodge Peebles Kilwinning- and tho Uffioo-hcarerfl of the attending Lo^iges, the Brethren proceeded to the Pariph Church, where thn Grand Chaplain preached an impreeaivo disoourtto from Hebrewa, chapter sciii, Tereo lift; after which a procession wa« forniedt and proceeded through various parts of the town^ ultimately arriving^ at the Key-«tono, whore the ceremonial was proceeded with to the satisfaction of the Craft and the admiration of a great number of spectators.
1834. December 1. His Majesty King William IV, Patron. The Most Noble William Alexander Anthony Archibald, Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale, was re-elected Grand Master, and the Right Honourable Alexander Edward, Viscount Fincastle, chosen Grand Master Elect. The Roy. Alexander Stewart of Douglas was elected Grand Chaplain.
The FestJTal of St Andrew was celebrated in the evening, the Substi- tute Grand Master presiding, i
On the dd August 1829 a Committee was appointed to examine, arrange^ and digest the Laws and Constitutions of the Grand Lodge. After a great deal of labour, extending over a period of several years, a printed copy of the new Laws, and a Report by said Committee, was
^ [As the Festivals were celebrated from this period henceforward, either by a dinner or a meeting on a larger scale in the evening, to avoid unnecessary re- petition we shall in future take notice only of those which were distinguished by some particular occurrence. This rule has been carried out in a great measure in the preceding pages, in order that the Work may not be loaded with matter in no way either remarkable or interesting to the Brethren. — E.J
TllE HISTORY O^ FREE MASONRV. 217
laid before an adjourned Quarterly Communication on 9th November 1835. The Report stated that it might not be improper to remind the Brethren that the Laws now to be promulgated are not a set of new Regulations to be brought all at once and for the first time into opera- tion, but, on the contrary, are a digest for the most part of such laws and usages as were previously in existence, and had been enacted and enjoined by the Grand Lodge from time to time, according as particular circumstances called for their adoption. That they had been compiled with great labour from the original Records of the Grand Lodge, and afterwards carefully amended and arranged by a Committee specially appointed for that purpose, and had only attained their present shape after being submitted to the various subordinate Lodges for their consi- deration and approval, and receiving the fullest discussion before a Com- mittee of the whole Grand Lodge in regard to their minutest details ; such additions and amendments as they had received in passing this Com- mittee had been adopted after much deliberation, and with the view of bringiDg the difierent Laws into greater harmony with each other,— of rendering them more simple and efficient in their operation, and of thus conducing, as far as practicable, to the general stability and dignity of the Craft. In accordance with a recommendation contained in the Report, these Statutes were sanctioned at this meeting, and promul- gated to the Brethren, and served as the standard by which the Grand Lodge and her Daughter Lodges were governed until 1848, when another revision became necessary, which will be noticed in the proper place, infra.
1835. November 30. His Majesty King William IV, Patron. The Right Honourable Alexander Edward, Viscount Fincastle^ was elected Grand Master.
In conformity with a suggestion made by Sir John Hay at the celebra- tion of the Festival of St Andrew, the Grand Lodge visited the Theatre- Royal on the 23<1 February 1836, presided over by the Right Honour- able and Right Worshipful Lord Ramsay, Depute Grand Master, accom- panied by a number of distinguished Brethren, and by the following Edinburgh Lodges, with their respective Masters and Wardens in their jewels and clothing, viz., the Lodge of Edinburgh, Mary*s Chapel; Canongate Kilwinning ; Canongate and Leith, Leith and Canongate ; Journeymen; St David ; St Luke; St Andrew ; St James; St Stephen; Defensive Band ; Roman Eagle ; Celtic, Edinburgh and Leith.
At the Quarterly Communication on 2d May, the Grand Lodge authorised the transference of the Lodge " Navigation," from the Village of Monkton to the sea-port town of Troon, Ayrshire.
316 THE niSTOBT OF PfiBE MASOI^RY.
At the QuartiTly Com ni a a i cat ion on 1st August^ Sir Tbomaa Diok- Laucicr moved ^ Congratulatory Address to His Royal Higbnem Frederick, Duko of Subs^x, Moat Worsljipful Grand Master MaaoQ tif Engltiudj on tlio success of the operation for the recovery of Hia Koyftl JfigliDesa'a si^ht ; which motion was ananimuUfily figrer^d to. and a Committee appointed to prepare and forward the said Address accord- ingly; which wa^ gmcioualy iicknow lodged hy Hia Royal Hi^^hncss,
It wae roported to this meeting tbiit Sir John Hay^ Suh^tituto Grand MftAierj accompaoied by ^'ir Kegiattld Mfi^lonald Stewart Scton, Bart, and the Grand Secretary, bud, (x>nformalty to ti Revelation poiaaei;! at \&sl Qiiattorly Communieation, proceeded to Kensington Palace and pre* eeuted an eJegtintly hound copy of the Lawa to Ilia Royal Hi^^hne^ the Duke of Sussex, tbn^ugb tho medium of tbo Depute Gmnd Master of Englrtndi Lord H. Johu Spencer Churchill, who had been appointed to r«Jeivo tbo aanio on ftJt'COUnt of the indiflpoaition of His Royal Highness* ThiO depatOrtion al^o waited upon HU Grace ibe Duke of Leinster, Moiat WomhipfuJ Grand Master Ma^n of IrelaDd^ for tbe like purpow, wh II wad also pleased to receive tbe compliment in the moat gradoua inanuer,
Tbo LoJge St Cutbhcrt, Barnard Castle, Durbam Militia, having heeu oonaiituted at Auchtermuchty hy a warrant of tlie Giftod Lodge of Scotland in February 1813, on the disbanding of the Militia the members of tbe Lodge resident in Barnard Castle, tbe original bead- quarters of the regiment, continued to meet there under tbe Scotcb Charter till 12th March 1825, when they applied for and received a Charter from the Grand Lodge of England, under which they continued to act until 183G, when several of the members wishing to resume their Charter from Scotland, desired inter alia to be informed as to tbe man- ner in which they could legally assume and act under it. This Com- munication being laid before the Grand Lodge, tho Grand Secretary was instructed to state in reply, that having renounced tbe Charter from the Grand Lodge of Scotland and obtained one from the Grand Lodge of England, and the Lodge St Cuthbert, Barnard Castle, being now perma- nently settled in Durham, it cannot resume the Charter granted by this Grand Lodge, it being a matter settled between tbe two Grand Lodges that neither of them grant Charters for Lodges to be held in each other's jurisdiction.'
^ [The same understanding exists between the Grand Lodge of Scotland and the sister Grand Lodge of Ireland. — E.J
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 219
CHAPTER XII.
HISTORY AND TBANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND, FROM NOVEMBER 1836 TO NOVEMBER 1843.
1836. November 30. His Majesty King William IV, Patron. The Rigbt Honourable James Amlrew, Lord Ramsay, was elected Grand Master; Admiral Sir David Milne of Milnegraden, K.C.6., was ap- pointed Provincial Grand Master for Berwickshire ; and Brother Robert Gilfillan, was elected Bard- Laureate.
The Grand Master stated that Brother James Burnes, K.H., LL.D., &c,, of the Honourable East India Company's Service, was about to return to India, and as he thought that the superior information and knowledge in Masonry possessed by Brother Burnes would be of the utmost importance in promoting the usefulness of the Craft in that quarter of the globe, he begged to propose that he be appointed Provin- cial Grand Master over the Provinces of Western India and depend- encies,* with authority to establish Lodges in these Provinces; which nomination and appointment was ananimouly approved of, under this express condition, that all the Lodges to be established by Brother Burnes shall take their Charters of Constitution from, and hold under the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and shall undertake to make annual returns of their Intrants, and remit at the same time the Grand Lodge dues for recording their names in the Books of the Grand Lodge.
The Grand Election being over, the Most Worshipful the Grand Master stated'that as the Grand Lodge of Scotland had now completed the First Centenary of her existence, it had been resolved at the Quarterly Communication in August last to celebrate the event in a manner worthy the occasion and the dignity of the Craft ; and as the Committee entrusted with the arrangements had fixed upon having a torch-light procession, he would now proceed to close the Lodge until the hour of assembly mentioned in the Regulations, to which ho hoped all would endeavour to give prompt obedience.
^ [By a subsequent patent, Brother Burnes was appointed Grand Master of Scottish Free Masons in India.— E.]
Id the evening tLo Lodges asaembleJ in the Sf{tiare of the Royal Eicbfl^tigo ; and tlie Grand Master udJ otlier Grand Offico-bearera haviuj;^ met id the Cottncil-Climnberj joined tbe BrDthrt^n in the sqiiaro, from wb^Qce they moved off at the head of tbe proces^oa, which ex- tended from the Hoyal Exchange to a conddemblo \tray jitioug tho North Bridge. The Bau<l of the Quecn*a Royal Lancorj preceded the (.tmnd Officors, — the I{:knd of thfl 42d H f^blatideni, and vorioua other Bandd^ accompUDied diSereut Lodj^ca. The lino of the procoi<^ioD was toaintAtned by 40U torch-boaTers, and a atrong body of Police. The itreot« and windows of the hoa«08 wbiirh the procofiuion p&s^L'd were crowded with a dcusti mivss of apcctatora. In front of the Theatre, Brother Murmyj tbt^ Munagt^^ exlul^itcd a brilliantly illuminatod Star, and as the procci*(*ion advanced op Waterioo Place, blue lighta and Tocketd were di^cbargcil from the CWlton 11)11 On reaching the Water* loo [Ii>teb the (imnd Officers iiud Hrothn^n ptt^iicd into tbo Gre:kt Hall, whicl^ was he:tiUifully lltl4.'d up f^r the occabivn. * A canopy of criniEvm velvet overitting tho Grand Maater^'a Throne ; on Lho wall opposite wna the picture of St Clrilr of Roaslyn, belonging to the Canongato Kilwlti- ning Lodge, with "St C/* tho initials tif hia name, in variognted lamji^; and in another part of the roam the letter '^ R "" wua exhibited in thtt same ni^nncr^ in honour of the Grriml .M:istfr,
Nearly one thousand Brethren assembled in the Hall, many of them wearing the Medal struck in commemoration of this Centenary Festival. The Grand Master took the Chair, supported by the Earl of Buchan, Sir Reginald Macdonald Stewart Seton of Staffa, Bart., Sir D. Campbell of Dunstaflnage, Bart., Admiral Sir David Milne,K.C.B., Sir Patrick Walker of Coates, Knt., W. F. Mackenzie of Portmore, Esq., J. Burncs, K.H., Provincial Grand Master of the Provinces of Western India, Colonel Wright, R. E., the Hon. J. St Clair, «kc. The following Edinburgh Lodges were present, numerously attended by their respective members : —
Lodge of Edinburgh, Mary*8 Chapel, ... R. W. M. Br. Graham.
Canongate Kilwinning, M*Neil.
Journeymen, Edinburgh, Deans.
St David, Capt. Boswall.
St Luke, Richardson.
St Andrew, M^GilL
St James, Rutherford.
St Stephen, Gentle.
Defensive Band, Anderson.
Roman Eagle, Marshall.
PortobcUo, Douglas.
Celtic, Edinburgh and Leith, Leon.
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 221
Besides a very full attendance of Proxies with their Wardens, the following Lodges from the country, with large Deputations, were also present : —
Dunblane. Dunbar Castle.
Dalkeith Kilwinning. Royal Arch, Stirling,
Torphichen, Bathgate. St Andrew, Crail.
St John, Lesmahagow. . Thistle, Glasgow.
Peebles Kilwinning. St Cyre, Auchtermuchty.
Kilmarnock. Royal Arch, Perth.
Dunfermline. St Patrick, Glasgow.
St Mungo, Glasgow. St Andrew, Cumbernauld.
Ancient, Stirling. St Andrew, Newton- Ayr.
Aitchison*s Haven. Forfar and Kincardine, Dundee.
Ancient, Dundee. St Andrew, 42d Regiment.
St John Kilwinning, Haddington. Hibernia, 42d Regiment.
Doric Kilwinning, Port-Glasgow. Union, Dunfermline.
St John, Alloa. Thistle and Shamrock, Glasgow.
Kirkaldy. Clydesdale, Lanark.
Thistle and Rose, Glasgow. Duntocher and Faifley Union,
St Andrew, Perth. Glasgow,
As soon as the Brethren had taken their proper places^ the Grand Master gave the usual Loyal and Masonic Toasts, which were receiv- ed with every demonstration of Masonic respect. In proposing the immortal Memory of St Clair of Rosslyn, the Grand Master, in an eloquent address, entered into a minute history of the life of that great and good Mason, explaining how the hereditary office of Grand Mas- ter had been conferred upon the family of St Clair, and enjoyed by a long line of illustrious members of that House, until William St Clair, for the pure love which he had for the Brethren, and for the welfare of the Craft, resigned his high hereditary office into the hands of the Brethren of the Scottish Fraternity, exhibiting, in his conduct, an example worthy of every Brother. After proposing the Sister Grand Lodges of England and Ireland, and giving as many other toasts as the time would permit, his Lordship closed the Grand Lodge at high Twelve, — the evening having been spent in a manner highly gratifying to the Assembled Brethren, and appropriate to a day which will long be memorable in the Annals of Scottish Masonry.
At the Quarterly Communication on 6th February 1837 it was ordered that, in consideration of the friendly and truly Masonic feeling which happily exists between this Grand Lodge and the Sister Grand Lodges of England and Ireland, one of the gold Medals lately struck in honour
252 TrtE PISTCRY OF FREE MASONHT.
of the CcnLeaary of tbe Gmud Ltulge of Scotland, he preiseuteJ to each
of tliti Wost Worshipful tbe Gmud Masters of England and IroUnd ; and tbo duty nf proacnting thcao takouna of fraterual regard having been drptitcd to Brother Burnei^, K* H., he eubsequently reported that tbo KLine Jia*! hecn preaentod to aud duly appreciated by His Royal High- nesa the Duke of Sussex and His Graeo the Duke of Leinater,
A Repreeentation from Motbor Kilwinning Lodge anent Intrant Fees having been remitted on 2d May 1836 to the Graud Committee at the auggeetioo of their Proxy Master, the said Couiiuittee, after duo delibera- tion, reported on 25tL July of that year to the following effect : —
" Tbo Committee., having oonsiJored tbo representation from the Lodge Motbof Kilmnning, with tbe on^'^iual Agrooment, and Minute;; in relation tb^reto^ Find, that it clearly appears to have been the intention of the contracting parties not to (ijc the sum of Ttvo ShitUngs and Sixpence a^ that which abouM in all time coming be paid for each Intrant of tbe Mother LodgOj while ber Daughter Lodges wore to bo subject to any changes which the intereate of Masonry might retjuire, but to tnako a small deduction in favonr of Mother Kilwinning from the rates payable by all other Lodges :
" Fiad, that tbn ^"^'►^r^nco at the time was a deduction of the Grand Clerk's fee for recording, being the sum of Threepence for each Intrant; and, allowing a corresponding deduction of the fees now payable to the Grand Secretary and Grand Clerk, amounting to One Shilling, the Committee beg to report their opinion that the fee payable to the Grand Lodge by the Mother Kilwinning Lodge for each Intrant should now be Four Shillings and Sixpence."
The consideration of this Report having been repeatedly postponed at the desire of the Representative of the Mother Kilwinning Lodge, was, with his concurrence, brought before the Grand Lodge at the Quarterly Communication on Ist May 1837, when, after mature de- liberation, it was moved and unanimously carried that the same should be approved of, and the Grand Lodge thereby approved of the same accordingly. The attention of the Grand Lodge being again called to this subject, it was declared at the Quarterly Communication on 6th May 1839, " that that matter had been definitively disposed of by the deliverance of the Grand Lodge on Ist May 1837."
At a Special Meeting of the Grand Lodge on 1st July, called by order of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, the following loyal Address of Condolence and Congratulation was moved by his Lordship, seconded by the Right Honourable the Earl of Buchan, and unanimously agreed to:—
the history of free masonry. 223
"Unto The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty.
" May it please your Majesty.
" We, your Majesty's dutiful and loyal subjects, James Andrew, Lord Ramsay, Most Worshipful Grand Master Mason of the Ancient Order of St John's Masonry for Scotland, <kc., <kc., in the name, and on behalf of the Free Masons of Scotland, beg leave to approach your Majesty with the expression of our most sincere condolence on the mournful bereavement which your Majesty and the Empire have suffered by the demise of our late revered Monarch, William the Fourth, who was the Illustrious Patron of our Ancient Order.
"At the same time we have much gratification in offering to your Majesty our hearty congratulations upon your Majesty's accession to the Throne of your Royal Ancestors; having the fullest assurance, from your Majesty's eminent virtues and qualifications, that the Sceptre of this mighty Empire has descended to a Princess who will wield it for her own honour, and for the glory and happiness of a loyal, a free, and a faithful people.
" We would earnestly, but humbly implore the Great Architect of the Universe, in whom alone we put our trust, to shower down upon your Majesty His divine and everlasting blessing ; and that your Majesty may have a long, a happy, and a prosperous reign, is the heart- felt wish of the Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland.
" Signed in name, and by appointment of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, in Grand Lodge assembled, at Free Masons' Hall, in the City of Edinburgh, this 1st day of July, in the year of our Lord 1837, and of Light 5837.
" Ramsay, Grand Master Mason of Scotland, " Wm. a. Laurie, Grand Secretary, " Ja. Bartram, Grand Clerk:'
The foregoing Address was presentecl to Her Majesty the Queen at the . first Levee after Her accession to the Throne, by a Deputation appointed for that purpose, who were received in the most gracious manner.
At the Quarterly Communication on 7th August, the Substitute Grand Master, in intimating the death of Brother Bartram, who had so ably filled the office of Grand Clerk for the long period of forty years, pronounced a high eulogium upon the many amiable qualities which adorned the character of that worthy Brother.
On the 31st October, the Grand Lodge, presided over by the Right Honourable Lord Ramsay, Grand Master, attended the Funeral Lodge held in Free Masons' Hall under the auspices of the Lodge St David,
^S4 TUB aisToiiT of free UAsoyny,
EJitjbuT'glij in honour af the memory of their Right Worshipful ifftsteri Sir r^itrick Walker of Cotitr^sj, Knight, HcritabJe Uahor of the Whito HoJ, nud Junior Warden of the Grand LoJg*} of Scotland ; on which ocwttftiou un Otation wm ddiveroJ by Brother Goor^e MacdonaU, Sul>- fitituto Master of St Davitl's Lodge, from which we give the fullow^ing uxtnu't, as it embodies uti cpitomo of the cateer of an eatiuiable man and n worthy Mason ; —
^' On tho present occ;i^ion, my Brethren, one object of our atssembling M to do honour to the memory of a dcoeased Brother, who, while yet amongst tia, received and dea^srved the homage of onr respoct and affeo- tioti* But wo ought not to forgt>t that eut-h exercises are cot for the hcnelit of the dead but of the liviugp ' It is better to go to the house of inotinii[ig than to j^ to the houao of fefi9ting, for that in the end of all men, and the Ihinfj will lay it to his hearU' TherD i^*^ mueh in tlio pomp tind cirounj stance of woo jie«ompanjJng this celebration, which, if Dot new to ii!i, is at least nnusuftl, zLnd which is on thnt account, a^ welt as on many others, well fitted to rocull our va;5rant attention, and to fix it for a little on the common and melancholy, but wholesome considera- tion, that we arc mortal creatures. Look ou that vacant chair, — the form that Ailed it now slumbenng in the sepnldtre, while the immortal spirit by which that form was animated has retamed *unto God who gave it.' Look on the symbols of Masonic power, and the other mystic emblems of our Order, that so oft have shed a glory on our nights of festive mirth, now covered with the signals of distress. Listen to the solemn songs chanted by that Choral Band, and look around on tiie assembled Brotherhood clad in the uniform of the King of Terrors. If all this combinatiop of circumstances, so unusual in our Masonic Assemblies, shall conduce to serious thought, — shall lead us to think of what we are, and inquire what we ought to be, — shall in any degree abate the ardour of our pursuit after the perishing things of this transi- tory world, and enable us to form a less erroneous estimate of their value and importance, we shall not this evening have assembled in vain.
" But there is another exercise befitting thfe present occasion, at once . honourable to the memory of the dead and instructive to the living. While we mourn the loss of our Right Worshipful Master and Brother, it would be useful if we could recount the many esti- mable qualities for which he was distinguished, and Iiold them up to imitation. Sir Patrick Walker was a bright example of a patriotic and public-spirited citizen. Inheriting a fortune which placed him above the necessity of exercising the honourable profession of the Law, to which he was bred, he gratuitously dedicated a large portion of the energies of a life approaching the boundaries of advanced age, to the
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 225
service of the public. At an early period of bis career^ when the tran- qaillity of the Empire was threatened both by foreign and domestic foes, he enrolled bis name in the Horse and Artillery Corps, as a voluntary defender of his Country. He afterwards joined the Militia, in which ho held the Commission of Lieutenant-Colonel. Nor did his military enthu- siasm stop here ; for at the close of that disastrous warfare, which for a quarter of a century deluged the Continent with blood, and endangered in turn the existence of almost every kingdom of Europe, obtaining passports, he placed himself on the Field of Waterloo, — ^was present during the decisive battle fought on that memorable arena, and entered Paris with the Allied Armies. Europe, like an exhausted giant, now sunk into repose, and retumiug to his native country. Sir Patrick, during the remainder of his useful life, may be said literally to have made the service of the Public bis profession ; and perhaps no professional gentle- man in Edinburgh had his time more fully occupied with business, or proceeded to the dispatch of it with more systematic regularity. His services as a County Magistrate are well known to have been great and valuable : He spared no pains in investigating the causes brought before him ; and, when the ends of public justice would permit, he ever leaned to the side of the weak and the oppressed. Of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland he was an indefatigable member, and was generaUy among the number of its Directors, or invested with some other important office. He was one of the originators of the Scottish Naval and Military Academy, and continued to the last warmly attached to that Institution, — not only dedicating a large portion of his time to its advancement, but contributing many of the arms and colours which now decorate its hall. Among the many Charitable Institutions with which Edinburgh abounds, there were few indeed of which Sir Patrick Walker was not an active and zealoas member. He also belonged to many Literary and Scientific Societies, and was particularly distinguished in the Society of Antiquaries, the Royal Scottish Society of Arts, and the Wemerian Natural History Society. He was also a great promoter of the Fine Arts, and held the office of Treasurer in the New Associa- tion for the Encouragement of Artists. In matters more exclusively connected with Edinburgh, Sir Patrick took so warm and practical an interest that to enumerate the various services he performed to the Public in the multiform capacities in which he acted, particularly as a Commis- sioner of Improvements, and as a Road Trustee for the Middle District of the county, would require a length and minuteness of detail that might be deemed inconsistent with our present purpose. But this at least may be said, and I believe I speak in the hearing of some whose more inti- mate knowledge of the facts of the case is in full accordance with my
15
250 TDK llTfiTOIir OP FBBE MASONRY.
fitateniGDt, that ibo iDbaUitfints of E<Iii]burgli enjoy at this momCDt many important imuiuQitics, comforta, and coovonicTicca, for which tb«iy are indeltoJ to the publjo spirit, eea1> and unwearied eitertiona of our lamentwi Brother-
*' Tq speaking of Sir Patrick aa a Free Mason* 1 will not long occnpy your lirac. Fortunately for mo you all know and respected Lim in tliut cjipacity* His groat lovo of Antiquarian lore would of iUelf, wq nmy euppo^, naturally load liim to seek ^miBsion into an Order boaist- ing a connection with tho remotest antiquity. He woa initiated in the Lodge St Dnvid^ EdtnhuTgh, ou the 21Kb of November 1813, and on the 27 tb of Doccmbcr of tho eanio year was aj>poiutod Depute- Maater, In 1821 bo WM appoiutcd Rij^bt Worshipful Master In December 1635 he waa again cnlW to the Cbriir which bia death ha8 now left vacant Hia detUh bos aUo left vacant the cbair of Junior Warden in the GrandLodge of Scotland, In tho moantimo, bo bad become eonrecUsd with cert;iiu other Orders of Muaonry, and Mfm* to tho laat u zoaloua and dietioguitibed inemher of the Order of tbo Royal Arcb, In the bisitory of our difitingui^het] Brothers MctEordc career there la ono rentarkablo drcumatanco, that bis enthusiasm in tho eauKo of the Order never aoenia to have anSered tlio least abatement; and, unlike niany of our Brothren, who, aa tboy advance in life reeedo from Maaonry, bis Masonic zeal seemed confirmed and increased with the growing stability of his habits and the increase of his years.
" I bave hitherto spoken of Sir Patrick only as a public character. In his private capacity he was an accomplished scholar, and distingnish- ed for bis general information and scientific attainments ; in Antiquities and Natural History in particular, it is admitted that he had few equals amongst his cotemporaries, and he has left behind him a monument of his research in one of the most splendid entomological cabinets to be found in the possession of a private collector.
" Sir Patrick was no less remarkable for the amiable natural qualities of bis heart. He seemed to carry about with him, for daily and hourly use, the benign and philanthropic spirit of Free Masonry. His nature was gentle, modest, and unassuming. His manner affable to all, and kind and condescending to the humblest individual. Every man around him found, or might have found in him, a friend,^-every Free Mason, in truth, a Brother,
" My Brethren, in this imperfect sketch of the public and private character of our departed Master, I have not affected the language of panegyric. I have endeavoured to tell a plain unvarnished tale, which those Brethren present, best able to judge, will I hope admit to be consistent with truth. But why am I asked to recount in your hearing
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 227
those many estimable qualities by which he was distinguished ? He is now utterly unconscious either of our censure or our praise. But the living may profit by his example. The desire of posthumous fame is natural to the human heart, and, like all our other natural feelings, is implanted in us for wise purposes by the Great Author of our existence. As we then desire to be remembered with honour when we too shall have passed away, let us imitate our departed Brother in all those praise- worthy qualities which we have been considering ; let us each, in his sphere, endeavour to add something to the general stock of social happi- ness^ and thereby render this world of misery somewhat less miserable. '' But there arc greater and more important lessons which this melan- choly celebration recalls to remembrance. I have said that the unusual circumstances under which we are now assembled, and the unaccustom- ed forms of woe by which we are surrounded, are well fitted by their novelty to fix our attention on that much neglected but awfully import- ant fact, that we ourselves are mortal creatures. But is it wise in man to anticipate a doom which he can by no stratagem avoid % Is it wise^ since he must die, to die in imagination before his time % Is it wise to avert his attention from the natural enjoyments of life to fix it on that dismal period when death shall deprive him of them all % Yes, my Brethren, it is indeed wise, else what is the meaning of such words as these in the Book of God — * So teach us to number our days that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom/ * 0 1 that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their latter end.' The doctrine of man's ultimate immortality, which, to the heathen philosophers of antiquity appeared as a mere 6onjectural possibility, is now revealed : ' Life and immortality are brought to light.* In that Book, the God that made man hath unfolded to him the awful truth not only that ' it is appointed unto all men once to die/ but that 'after death cometh the judgment.* "
The Lodge Caledonia, Grenada, having inquired whether emanci- pated slaves could be admitted to the privileges of Free Masonry, the Grand Lodge, after due consideration of the question, decreed, at the Quarterly Communication on the 1 3th November, " That by the term ' free bom,' is meant a person free at the time of his application for ad- mission into a Lodge, being then his own master, and capable of govern- ing his own time and actions;" which interpretation is also adopted by the Grand Lodge of England and the Grand Orient of France.
At this meeting Brother the Honourable William Stephenson was appointed Provincial Grand Master of the West India Islands and dependencies thereunto belonging.
^d xne niarotiY op free masokrt.
1837. NoTEMf*En30. TLc Riglit Honourable James Andrew, Lord l^iDsay, wus reoletU^J Gra.utl Maater, atiJ tL^ Riglit Honourable Wil* liam. Viscount Stormont, chosen Gratid Master Elect. Brother John MaitJanJ havicg hoen elected Grand Clerk hy a largo majority on tbd i 20tU NovcmLer, and duly irb talked into offico, waa a^in uoniinattij and uanniinougly elected. The Festival of StAndrow was celehmted in tho cveuitig, t!ie Right Worshipful Sir Thomas Dlck-Latider^ B&rt.^ of FouaioifiLa]] and Grange, presiiUog.^
' [DurinfT tho oyeotnj;; Urothot nottcH GilBtlati, Grand BarJ^ cIc]tl;rUre{l the l(rtt)ir«u hy iiThfpd^, to tlio Tuno of tho ** Meelmg of the Wulers," the follow - ipg hiijintirul Vun^ coinpoeted by himself for the oecaaioD :—
" AKaiik let HH tr^Tcora^ this blithe happy day, Tlmt trut> S«atlifih Masons will bonouf fur ajo ; And thoofjU from their country our Drotber^ njay roam. This day will awaken up kbdrod iiiid home. Oh [ tbis day will awaken up kindred and Loinok
** Aod where it tho dcaert or «nrf ^beaten shoro Not tnvvors'd hy Brotherft,^we fondly adore ; Thouji^h absent af&r^ yet their heart we may elaitn^ Fdr absent or presc^nt, they VE^ over the aanie ! For absent or presont, they're over the same i
" As far as St Lawrence rolls mighty and deep,
To where the blue waves of the bright Ganges sleep, 'Mong the fair groves of It'ly, or bleak Zombla's snow, < St Andrew ' and ' Scotland/ in bumpers shall flow I * St Andrew ' and ' Scotland/ in bumpers shall flow I
^* Ilail ! Land of our fathers, — of mountain and glen, Of soft blooming Maidens, and true-hearted Men, Ob ! long may thy Thistle a dear emblem be, Of Liberty's birth-place, the home of the free ! Of Liberty's birth-place, the homo of the free !
" And ne'er did the Thistle — fond typo of the brave. More flourish in splendour — or more proudly wave W itli bosom of purple, and leaves ever green, Than now when it blossoms for Scotland's Fair Queen ! Than now when it blossoms for Scotland's Fair Queen !
** Victoria ! High Princess ! Oh, where is the band. Through all thy dominions — the length of the land. In devotion more deep — or in service more free. Than the Masons of Scotland are, lov'd Queen, to thee I Than the Masons of Scotland are, lov'd Queen, to thee ! "
TUB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 229
At tbe Quarterly Conimuuication on 14th May 1838, a Report was read from the Rip;ht Worshipful Brother James Bumes, K.H.^ intimating that he had duly constituted a Provincial Grand Lodge (under the Scottish Jurisdiction,) for the Western Provinces of British India, and giving an animated and cheering account of his prospects of success. The thanks of the Grand Lodge were unanimously voted to Brother Bumes for the ardent zeal which he has shewn in the cause of Masonry, and for the deep interest which he takes in promoting the interest of the . Scottish Craft within his Province.
It was moved, and unanimously agreed to at this meeting that Repre- sentatives should be appointed from the respective Grand Lodges of Scotland, England, and Ireland, for the purpose of maintaining more closely the fraternal feeling which exists between the said Grand Lodges.
A communication having been received from the Provincial Grand Master of the West India Islands, requesting a dispensation to work the Mark Mason degree, the Grand Lodge, at the Quarterly Communication on 12th November declined to sanction the issue of a dispensation of that kind, inasmuch as it is enacted in her Laws, Chapter i, section 4, that " The Grand Lodge of Scotland practises and recognises no degrees of Masonry but those of Apprentice, Fellow-Craft, and Master Mason, denominated St John's Masonry ;" and farther. Chapter xix. Section 1, " All Lodges holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland aro strictly prohibited and discharged from holding any other Meeting than those of the three Orders of Apprentice, Fellow -Craft, and Master Masons, denominated St John's Masonry, and from giving any countenance, as a body, to any other Order of Masonry," &c. *
A letter was read at this meeting from Sir John Hay, Bart, the Right Worshipful Substitute Grand Master, resigning his oifice on account of the state of his health ; in accepting this resignation the Grand Lodge expressed their deep regret at thus losing the valuable services of Sir John Hay, to whom the cordial thanks of the Brethren wore ordered to be transmitted, with the expression of their sincere sympathy for the cause which had forced him to retire.'
The Obituary of this year contained the names of Brothers John Moflat, twenty-eight years Grand Marshal, and George Buchanan, upwards of thirty years Grand Tyler to the Grand Lodge.
The thanks of the Grand Lodge were unanimously accorded to the Right Worshipful the Grand Master for the benefits he had conferred
^ [The above form Chapter ii, section I, and Chapter xii, section 1, of the latest edition of the Laws and Constitutions of the Grand Lod;;o, 1848. — E.] 3 [Sir John Hay died at Rome on the Ist November 1838.— E.]
230 THE atSTOAT OP PBEE MASOMlT.
npon tho Craft d[ini]^ tLo period Lo had BUed the high ofBce of Gtatui Moaior Maeon of Scotland.
4
I
1638. November 30. Tho Ri^ht Honourable Sir Jamois Forrest of ComiatoDj Bart., Lord Provost of the City fif Ediuburghf was de<!to<i Gmtid Master j Sir Thomas DIck-Lauder, Bartr, of FouiitaiiihaU uiid GmngOf Substitute Gmnil Master; and William Forhei» Mackenziop of PftrtraoTO, Pjsq., M.P., wa« uppoioted Provincial Grand Mjwter of the ProvlncQ of Peoblce and SolkirL, in rooui of Sir Jolm Ha^j Bnrt,^
The Mo^ Worshipful the Grand Afaf^ter in uJIuding^ to the recent dujtth of Sir Johu Hay, tho late Substitute Grand Maat^^r^ prououDced a wel [-merited oaloginm upon the cbaracior and virtues of that most uniinblo and tnily cxcoUeut Brother, who for a period of nearly eleven yoan dtscharged tho dutlefl of bis offire with a kindlineas of feeling and nrbaaity of manner which gained for him the respect and aSectionato rogard of all the Brethren.
At tho Quarterly Communication on 4tb February tS3D, the follow* ■ iDg Addreea of Condolcuce was voted to Lady Hay, and tho samo having been prcocated^ was most courteously ackuowledged by her Ladyship :— J
** To Dame Anne Preston, Lady Hay, Widow of the kte Sir John Hay of Smithfield and Hayston, Baronet.
*' We, the Right Honourable Sir James Forrest of Comiston, Baronet, Lord Provost of the City of Edinburgh, Grand Master Mason of Scot- land, the Right Honourable James, Earl of Dalhousie, Past Grand Master, the Right Honourable George, Earl of Rothes, Depute Grand Master, Sir Thomas Dick-Lauder of Fountainhall, Substitute Grand Master, and remanent Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, for ourselves, and in name and on behalf of the other members of the Grand Lodge, beg leave to offer our most sincere sympathy and condolence upon the death of your Ladyship's most amiable and much lamented husband Sir John Hay.
"Sir John held among us the high office of Substitute Grand Masjter for a period of upwards of ten years ; and amidst our regret for his loss we have the pleasing duty of recording our willing testimony that ho discharged the duties of his office with so much consideration and kind- ness as to secure for him the respect and affectionate regard of every member of the Grand Lodge. We are unwilling to intrude upon your grief ; but we venture to hope that the expression of our veneration and esteem for our departed Brother will find favour in the eyes of your
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 231
Ladyship, of whom we haYO often heard him speak in tenns of the most demoted attachment
" May the Almighty Architect of the UniYorse, from Whoin alone flows all consolation, pour down upon your Ladyship His eternal blees- ing, and grant you strength and resignation to endare the severe dis* pensation with which you haYO been Yisitcd.
** Signed in name and by appointment of the Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge, in Grand Lodge assembled, this 4th day of February 1839.
" Wm. a. Laurie, Secretary, Grand Lodge qf Scotland. "J. Maitlahd, Orand Clerk."*
On the 23d of May (the Birth-day of Her Majesty) the Foundation- stone of tho Mariners' Church and School in North Leith was laid with the usual Masonic ceremony by the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, assisted by the Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge, supported by most of the Lodges in the Edinburgh District, and attended by the Magis- trates and Ministers of Leith, the Office-bearers of the Edinburgh and Leith Seamen's Friend Society, the Shipowners and Members of the Trinity House, the Office-bearers of the Trades of Leith, and the Seamen and Carpenters of Leith.^
At the Quarterly Communication on 5th August, in answer to a question put at tho last meeting of the Grand Lodge, as to the prece- dence of a Past Master, the Grand Lodge, referring to her Laws and Constitutions, and to the strict usages of Masonry, declared ''That the Past Master of a Lodgo is the Senior Office-bearer next the Master, and as such, is entitled to precedence on all occasions ;" and enacted *' That all Lodges holding under the Grand Lodge shall act in conformity with this declaration.**
In the course of the year the Grand Master, attended by the Grand Office-bearers, paid Yisits to the following Lodges, Yiz. — St Andrew and
^ [This Church provides for the Seamen of Leith an Ordained Minister, and aapplies their ships with sach Libraries as will enable them profitaUilj to employ the hours sacred to devotional exercises, which mnst be spent at sea. It also provides free seats to all Seamen from other Ports, who have occasion to spend their Sabbaths in Leith. The School affords a substantial education to the Children of Seamen, at a rate suitable to their circumstances ; the Children of deceased Seamen are educated at half the usual fees ; Seamen's Orphans, and tho Children of all seafaring men who have fallen into destitute circnmstancos, receive their education gratis. The Buildings, which are com- modious and handsome, were erected at a cost of L.2,736. — E. j
232 Tlia HICTORV OF PttEH KASOXUT. *""
St SteplicHj Edinlur^li, ami St Jolju, Portobcllo, on wbicli Dcotuions lio expresaeJ bimeelf as Ligliljr ploasoil with the effioiont working order in wbicli he founJ tliem.
1839* Decembeh 2. The Right Hononmblo Sir James Forreat ot C<jiuiijtoo, Bart., Lord Provust of tbo City of Edinburgbj vna re- elected Grand Maatcr, and the lV\{i}it Hnnguralle George Willmni Evelyn LosliCj Ear) of Kothoe, cIiohcq Graiid Araator Elect,
At tlio Quarterly ConimHcicftttoa on 5tb February 1840 a congratu- latory AfUross to Her Mojesty upon Hor Marriage to Hia Royal High- ncM Priuco Albert of Saato-Coborg and Gotba was nnanimouiily agreed to, wbJdiTwaa subaciineutly preaented to Jler Mnjosty by tbo Moet Wor*)Ijipful the Grand Master, and received by Her Miyosty in the moist gnie(ouj» manner.
Ata/>/\> m nala rooctlng hold on tho 17tb Juae, an Addrcflft, ex* pre&(ive of the abliorronco in which Uie Gmud Lodge beJd ibe roceut attempt to a^^^a^ioate Hor Majouty and }IU Royal Hij^bneat) the Prince Albert) and the heartfelt congratulation a of tho Masonic portion of Her «Qbject« on their providenl.bl o^tcape from «o imminent a d^inger^ w&a unanimoualyas^ented to, and ordered to be transmitted for presentation*
On ^ati?rday the I5tb uf Auguatp the FouTii]?ition-st^ue of ibe Metro- politan Monument to Sir Walter Scott, Bart., was laid in Prmces Street by the Most Worshipful tho Grand Master, in presence of the Grand Lodge, the Monument Committee, the Municipal and Military Bodies, upwards of 1,100 of the Brethren, and an immense assemblage of spec- tators. This splendid and interesting ceremony, which had been looked forward to with great anxiety by all classes, took place under the most ^Eivourable circumstances.
The Monument Committee, with the Municipal and Military Autho- rities, assembled in the Hall of the Royal lustltution, where they were marshalled by Marchmont Herald, assisted by Kiutyre Pursuivant, and proceeded to occupy the gallery erected for them at the site of the Foundation-stone.
At one o'clock, the Grand Lodge and Brethren assembled in the quadrangle of the University, and the Grand Lodge having been opened in ample form by tho Grand Master in one of the class-rooms, the pro- cession moved from the College Square shortly after two o'clock ,i pre-
* [Previous to the procession leaving the quadrangle, the Right Worshipful Master and Wardens of the Lodge of Edinburgh, Mary's Chapel, waited upon the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, and in name of the ancient Lodge over which they presided, ])reficntcd his Lordship with an elegant silver trowel, which the Most Worshii)ful tlic Grand Master was pleased to accept, and took
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 233
ceded by the band of tbe Qiieeii*s Bays, — the band of the 29th Regi- ment in the rear. Squadrons of the Bays guarded the line of pro- cession, which had a very grand and imposing appearance, and included deputations from all parts of Scotland. About three o'clock the pro- cession having reached the site, the Grand Lodge and Brethren took their station on the eastern gallery, the Right Honourable the Lord Provost taking his place in front, as Grand Master Mason of Scotland, supported by the Earl of Rothes, Depute Grand Master, the Earl of Stair, Acting Past Grand Master, and the other office-bearers of the Grand Lodge.
The arrangements having been completed, the band of the 29th Regiment performed the National Anthem, which was followed by a royal salute from a party of the Royal Artillery placed immediately opposite, on the south side of the gardens of Princes Street. Imme- diately after, the band of the 29th played the Coburg March. Silence was then ordered, when the Grand Chaplain, the Rev. Alexander Stewart of Douglas, offered up an eloquent and appropriate prayer.
The ceremony of laying the Foundation-stone then commenced, and was performed by the Most Worshipful the Grand Master in the usual Masonic manner, during which the band played with great taste and solemn expression the Sicilian Mariner s Hymn.
In the Foundation-stone was placed a glass Jar, containing — (1.) An Almanac for 1840. (2.) Six Edinburgh Newspapers. (3.) Coins of George IV, William IV, and Queen Victoria. (4.) Copies of Inscription Pktos. (5.) Plans of the City and County of Edinburgh. (6.) A Medal struck for the occasion. (7.) List of names of Auxiliary Subscribers.
the opportunity of thanking the Brethren of that Lodge for the uniform kind- ness he had received from them since his initiation into tho mysteries of light. This handsome and appropriate gift bore the following inscription : —
To commemorate
The laying the Foundation-stone of the Monument at Edinbui^h,
In honour of The Immortal Soott:
This Trowel,
To be used at the Ceremonial, was presented to
The Right Ilonourable Sir James Forebst of Comiston, Daronot,
Lord Provost of Edinburgh,
Most Worshipful Grand Master Mason over all Scotland,
By tho Right Worshipful Master, Office-bearers, and Brethren of
The Grand Master's Mother Lodge,
Tho Ancient Lodge of Edinburgh, No. 1 :
August 16, 1840. -E.]
$34 TSh mwtOKY OF FRGB MABONllY,
In tho cavity of tlio stone two pUtoa were also deposited, the But haying engraved tlicroon tho names of tho Offico-lKWJorB of tKo Grand Lodgo of Scot III ad* On tlio eecond waw tlie following inacriptioD from tl»o jicn of tlio Itttc Lord Jefltej >^
Tnis Graven Vlate^
BopositeU in the Ba^o of a Votive BniMkj,^
Oa tbe 6ft«enth day of August, in tLo year of Cbriat 184D|
And novcr likely to ecc tbo li^lit ognin,
Till nil ihid surronndltig structures &ro emnibJed to dust
By tho decay of Time, or by Human or Elemental vlolontse,
id ay Uien teeiiiy to a dii^ct posterity Lbat
Ilia Countrymen be^n on that day
To ntiae au Elii^y and Architcctnral Monument
TO Tiifi MEJiouv OP Sm Walter Scott, BiirL,
\Vhoso admirable Writings wore tbco riUowed.
To have given moro delight, and eoggested better feeling
To a larger claiM of lieaders in every rank of Society^ Tbau tlio^e of any oti^or Author, with tho oxecpLion of
tihukcspcare :ilonej And which wore tlioreforr tli-^nLr^t likely to be remembered Long after this Act of Gratitude On the part of tho first generation of his Admirers should be forgotten.
Ho was bom at Ediubnrgh, 15th August 1771 : And died at Abbotsford, 21st September 1832.
Tho Foundation of the Monument was laid by
The Right Honourable Sir James Forrest of Comiston, Bart.,
Lord Provost of Edinburgh, and
Grand Master Mason of Scotland,
Tho Sub-Committee in charge of the Work being
The Right Honourable Sir William Rao of St Catherine's, Bart.;
Sir Thomas Dick-Lauder of Fountainhall, Bart.; Dr Thomas Hope,
Professor of Chemistry ; George Forbes, Esq. Treasurer ;
Thomas Thomson, Esq. Advocate ; and William Bum, Esq. Architect;
With tho aid and advice of
Tho Right Honourable Lord Viscount Melville :
James Skene, Esq. of Rubislaw, Secretary.
George M. Kemp, Architect.
John Steell, Sculptor.
IN the FOURTU year op the reign op victoria the PIR8T.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 235
On the completiou of the ceremony the band played the lively air of " Tie good to be Merry and Wise— 'tis good to be Honest and True,** succeeded by three hearty cheers, followed by the " Masons' Anthem/' and the Grand Honours from the Brethren ; after which the Bight Wor- shipful the Grand Master addressed Sir William Rae and the Com* mittee as follows : —
" As I have the honour of being placed at present at the head of the Order of Free Masonry in Scotland, it has fallen to my lot to take a part in the proceedings of this day, and to lay this Foundation-stone. Oi^er, and shall I say, imperishable monuments, which himself has raised, will no doubt transmit to posterity the fame of Walter Scott. This, how- ever, which we hope to erect, will record a Nation's admiration and a Nation's gratitude. Scotland claims him as peculiarly her own. This city was his birth-place ; here his youth, here his professional life was spent j here was seen the first development of that genius which was afterwards found capable of such mighty achievements.
" I congratulate you, Sir, and the other gentlemen of the Committee, on the event of this day. Yon have at last witnessed the commence- ment of the work which has been so long the object of your anxiety and solicitude. By the labour of several years, and the most mature deli- beration which you could exercise, you have been able to devise the plan of an edifice, appropriate and noble, — worthy of the occasion, — worthy of him in whose honour it is to be raised, — and worthy of the artist of whose genius it is the fruit. By your exertions also, such a sum has been raised as warrants you to begin and carry on the building ; and I am confident that if more shall be required to complete the original plan which the architect first suggested, your fellow-countrymen will not be backward in furnishing the necessary means. The site appears most suitable,^-on one of the greatest thoroughfiEkres, the daily resort of the population, and surrounded by our romantic localities which his pen has so graphically described.
" To you. Sir, and to many around you, this day will call up many grateful recollections. You will remember those qualities which*formed him to be the delight of society, and which knit him in lasting bonds of afifection with many tried and faithful friends. It would be, I feel, a presumptuous, as happily it is an unnecessary task, to delineate here the merits and character of this illustrious man. He threw around his name a bright lustre, and his country shared in his renown : To Scott and to Scotland the eyes of the civilised world were directed. Strangers from all countries visited him when living, and they still look with eager curiosity at the place of his residence, and view with interest every- thing connected with his name. How diversified were his talents ! In-
flpjrod with tlie moet entbuflioetic H4mimtmii of our ancient national tiyj n.ntl of tlio iiiaTniors and cliivalry of fornier times, bow did he
I a now ^ra id our iiterature, nnd d^xdo us with tho hnlliaut^y and the faithfulno^ of his pitrtnreij of the timea tliat had pasdod avay J When watcd with the fumt* of his poetry, ho wai not inactive, hwt entered on a now jiftth, and with rich profusion pourctl forth in ondl&aa saccL^saion his fitores of kuowlcdgo of the human heart, und delineated with hia power- ful peii the manners and the ebamctera of former go n emtio tif^. If hia life bad been prolonged Jt is not unnatural to euppoae that, from some doli^htful ttkoti^bes which he jpive, he migbt hDve added to hififanio that of excellence in hiatoriatl coin post ticin*
" It IB with plea^re we have mot on this occasion to perform the duty to which we have boon callud. Thia wad the birth -day of Scottj — thU the anoiver^ry uf ttie day when a British SoTorc'l^u revidted our long deserted palu^ee, — ihtHf au extraordinary day in the cal^^ndar^ was alsso the birth-day of Napoleon. The Ma^onie body L^ve hail much ttatiafai^tifJtj in doinju; honour to ihU day, fur to other claim a Sir Walter Scott addeil that of a Brother, having be^n a Member of tlio Lodge St Dfiviil, Rldinburgh, in which he often deli^^hted the Brethren with ht8 ancicty^ and shone aa a Kcaloua and true-hetirtcd Ma«on ; and 1 need scarceJy add that thi> Lodgn St David justly count it one of their highest honours that he was enrolled amongst them. I beg to thank the Committee for the readiness with which they acceded to any proposal of the Grand Lodge ; and I rejoice to think that the whole ceremony has been conducted in a manner every way suitable and worthy of the occasion."
Sir William Rae in reply said, " As a Subscriber to the Scott Monu- ment I have been requested by the Committee, to whom the execution of this interesting task has been committed, to acknowledge the appro- priate and eloquent address which your Lordship has now made. Your Lordship has alluded to the cause which has led to this distinction hav- ing been conferred on me. The happiness which I enjoyed in the inti- macy that subsisted between us during the whole lifetime of that illus- trious man, — an intimacy originating in our boyish years, when we were class-fellows in the High School of Edinburgh, and continuing uninterrupted during his whole life, with a cordiality not often met with in the ordinary attachments of life, until it pleased Providence to take him from that scene of trouble and distress, in which ho willingly made himself a sacrifice that no man might suffer injustice through him. I cannot conceal that I feel proud and melancholy at the dis- tinction this day conferred upon me ; at the same time, the latter feeling is swept away by the gratification which I feel at witnessing
i
THE niSTOUY OF FREE MASONRY. 237
this splendid scene — this countless host of all parties, all ranks, and all ages, which I see around me — who have this day come forward, as with one impulse, to exhibit their admiration and regard for the memory of their distinguished countryman, whose fame has stretched to the utmost bounds of the habitable globe.
** It would be a waste of time for me to eulogise the fame of my departed and illustrious friend. I therefore willingly turn from him to this testimonial, the object of which is not so much to extend and to perpetuate the memory of my friend — for that Is not required — but to show to the world the sentiments entertained by his cotemporaries, and to evince to posterity that we have not only benefited by his works, but that we are anxious to show the gratitude we entertained towards the man for the profit and pleasure we have derived from his genius. That is the object of this work, and I agree with you, my Lord, that his own labours will form the truest and most lasting trophy of his fame— for his name and memory will flourish long after the materials of which this fabric is to be reared shall have crumbled into dust. Consistently with these views, I think it is our duty to erect a memorial worthy of him, worthy of ourselves, and worthy of his and our country. And as I know that it must be the wish of all here present that this should bo accomplished in a way the most striking and efiecti ve, I trust I shall be forgiven if, instead of occupying your time in listening to high sound- ing periods, I dedicate the small portion of it which I mean to occupy to a practical purpose — that of making such an appeal to you, and through you to the public, as may enable the Committee materially to enlarge the proportions of the proposed edifice, and thereby render this testi* raonial more truly worthy of its object." [Here followed an account of the diflSculties experienced by the Monument Committee regarding a site, plans, &c., amount of Subscriptions, and so forth.]
" And now, my Lord, on behalf of the Committee, allow me to return you our. sincere thanks not only for the handsome terms which you hare been pleased to express towards us, but for the zealous support you have throughout given to the undertaking. To you is mainly to be attributed the assemblage now held to lay the Foundation-stone of this testimonial, on the anniversary day of the birth of our distinguished countryman. And the aid you have afforded in all the arrangements, and the part you have discharged on the present occasion, entitle you to our most sincere thanks. To that ancient and loyal body by whom you arc surrounded, we also express our gratitude for the numerous attendance which they have this day afforded. We trust tliat wo shall not look in vain for a continuance of their favour and support in the construction of a work particularly connected with their craft, and
S38 TS& niOTORY OF FhER HAfiONBV.
where, tu mentiotiod by jomt Lonlaliipj the n&tnG of litm t<i bo recurdod once aituj'l cnralM ns a conspicuous nieuiber of tbcir own borly. To lbt> Ma^iiitraUB of tho City, and other iDflivi duals who huvo this day UoDuured U8 with tlioir coiinteBaiico, we would also offer oar sincere aoknowledgnicniij ; aml^ iu concluding] I trust I may anQouace it as tho utiited and oarueat wiah of all wlium I no^y 300 around mo that thoro may bo erected ou this epot ft tt^tioionlitl truly worthy of the ^oai Damo which it is meaot to cclehrato — wortliy of tho motropoUs of Soot- land, and o( the coa^picuotis aite Ott which it ia to be placed — worthy of the «iubacTibcrs who bavo gtvon tholr money for its eroctiou — aud not unworthy of tho hutnblo iudividuuU wbo huvc undortakou to be tho iciAtrutueiita of carrying tho wisbw of their countrynieo into offeoti"
The band then played tbo National air of '^ Rulo Britannia,'* which borng followed by a sal n to of seven guas from the Royal Artillery, the procea^iion moved off in revorae ordor to their lespectivn Jcstinittiona ; the whole uoromouy huviu^ pu^sod off with the grcatost eoUt.
At a pty> J^ nata mooting^ hold on *23d November, a congratnlatory Addro^ to Hor Majesty the Queen upon the birth of tho Princess Royal wu unanimously agreed to : On the 30th Noretuber an Address relating to tho eame aui*picious erent was volod to His Ik^yal Highneaa Prince Albert; both of which were presented to Her Majesty and His Royal Highness at Buckingham Palace by the Right Worshipful Brothers William Forbes Mackenzie, M.P., and William Alexander Laurie, the Grand Secretary, and were received in the most gracious manner.
1840. November 30. The Right Honourable George William Evelyn Leslie, Earl of Rothes, was elected Grand Master.
At a pro re nata meeting on the 22d March 1841, called in con- aequence of the lamented death of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master the Earl of Rothes,^ whereby the Order iu Scotland had been deprived of the efficient services of a distinguished Nobleman and a kind-hearted Brother, the following Address of Condolence was directed to be transmitted to the Right Honourable the Countess of Rothes,
^ [The Earl of Rothes retired from the Army in 1S3I, and died at his seat, Leslie House, in the County of Fife, on the 10th day of March 1841. Tho Chief of the family of Leslie, a noble Hungarian, settled in this country in the reign of William the First of Scotland. His Lordship was consequently descended from a long line of ancieut and illustrious ancestors, several of whom had held the highest offices in the State, and were much distinguished in the great historical events of their Country ; a most eminent Member of the Family (the Duke of Rothes,) filled at the same time the high Offices of Lord Treasurer and Chancellor of Scotland in the reign of Charles II. — £.]
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 239
and which her Ladyship was pleased to acknowledge with her sincere thanks : —
" To THE Right Honourable the Countess of Rothes.
" We, the Right Honourable and Right Worshipful Sir James Forrest of Comiston, Bart., Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Past Grand Master Mason of Scotland, the Right Honourable Lord Frederick FitzClarence, Depute Grand Master, the Honourable the Master of Torphichen, Sub- stitute Gran<i Master^ and remanent Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, for ourselves, and in name and on behalf of the other Members of the Grand Lodge, beg leave to tender to your Ladyship the sincere expression of our heartfelt sorrow, and of our deep sympathy and condolence, upon the severe bereavement with which it has pleased the Almighty Architect of the Universe to visit you by the sudden demise of your Ladyship's much lamented husband, the Earl of Rothes, our Most Worshipful Grand Master.
" Among us he held the first — the highest — place, and although he has not been permitted to hold that high rank long, yet we are sure it will be gratifying to your Ladyship to know that he had already laid a foundation which ensured to him our respect and affectionate regard ; and while we mourn our own loss, most deeply do we deplore the sad affliction which has levelled to the dust the best affections of a kind and amiable wife, and deprived her young family of a father and protector. Our present prayer is, that the Almighty Architect of the Universe, to Whom alone in the hour of darkness and of trial we must look for con- solation, will bestow upon your Ladyship and your family His everlast- ing blessing, and give yon strength and resignation to bear the severe dispensation with which it has pleased Him to visit you and us.
" Signed in name and by appointment of the Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, in Grand Lodge assembled, this 22d day of March 1841, and of Light 5841.
(Signed) " James Forrest, Bart., Fast Grand MaxUr^
At the Quarterly Communication on dd May, the Great Hall was decorated with two escutcheons, the one bearing the arms of the noble Earl, the other his Masonic Insignia of Office. The Grand Canopy of the Throne, and the places of the Wardens were draped with black, and the Brethren appeared in deep Masonic mourning costume, with crape rosettes on their clothing. Brother Professor W. E. A3rtoun pronounced from the chair an eloquent and feeling address, in which he paid a well- merited tribute to the memory of the late Most Worshipful the Grand
240 THE nfJ»TORY OP FRI^B MASOSfRT.
Miiator; at its coocloflicm a Fnneral Dirgo traa rocHod by Brother Gillilljwij tlie Gnmil Hard, compo^<^l Uy Lim for tlio occadoii.
TUe Grand LoJ^e also *' Ke^olred, tbat iti conaequonc^ of the lament- ed doatb of the KigLt Honoonible and Most Worsbipfol tbe Earl of R<>tliC3, Grand Maxtor Maseru of Scotland, it \s decent and proper, ws welt na a mark of ryspect aj>d rcganl, tbat all Lod^os holding of the Grand Lodge of Sent laud do put tbeniifiolvt?* into M neon re niouming, vlt, three bUclt crapt> roaettcs upon the apron, and one iipoD tbo Boah, vhore it crosses the loft W^ast, — the niourain^ to cease upon St Andrew's \ Daiy» And tbo Grand Secretary is hereby directed to comuiunicate thie Roaolntion to all DriQ^bter Lodges at home and Eibroad.'^
At tb^ Qnnrtrrly Communicatiou on 2d August Brother Walbor- Amottj Rt^dit Wornbipfid MasttT of the Lodge St Serf, Kinroae, was \ Rutbvni^ed by the Gmnd LoJgB (the Proviucial GraDi) Majsterihip Wing' 1 vacant by the death of the Right J^onourahle the Earl of Rothes,) to lay tbo Foundatiou^tODO of the Town-IT'Oi ^nd Market-Placc of that town*
1841* No%TS:MRt:« 30. Tbo Right Honourable Lord Frederick Fiti- Ckrence, G,C,H*, was electtKi Graijd Master,
Addrci^ses to Her Majesty and His Royal TlighncBa Priuce Albert, upon the birth of the Prince of Wales, were un.tmmonsly agrood to, and transmitted for presentation ; and at a pro re nata meeting on 15th June, congi-atulatory Addresses on the occasion of Her Majesty's escape from the second atrocious attempt upon her life and that of His Royal High- nsss Prince Albert, were transmitted to the Most Worshipful the Grand Master for presentation to Her Majesty and His Royal Highness.
At a pro re nata meeting held on the 22d day of August 1842, for the purpose of addressing Her Majesty the Queen and His Royal Highness Priuce Albert on the occasion of their visit to Scotland, Sir James Forrest, Bart., Acting Grand Master, in the Chair, after a suitable introductory speech, moved the following Addresses, which were ap- proved of amidst the acclamations of the Brethren : —
" Unto the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty. " Most Gracious Sovereign,
" We, the Most Worshipful and Right Honourable Lord Frederick FitzClarencc, G.C.H., Grand Master Mason of Scotland, the Right Honourable Sir James Forrest of Comieton, Bart , Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Past Grand Master, and remanent Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, for ourselves, and on behalf of the ancient Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland, beg leave to offer to your
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 241
Majesty our most sincere and hearty congratulations on your arrival in your ancient Kingdom of Scotland.
" Beholding in the sacred person of your Majesty the august descend- ant of that ancient line of Monarchs who swayed the Scottish Sceptre, maintained the glory of our Land, and afforded countenance and protec- tion to our valued and ancient Institutions through a long series of ages, our hearts glow with more than the usual feelings of loyalty and attach- ment at the presence of your Majesty amongst your Scottish subjects.
" Enjoying with the rest of the Nation the inestimable benefits derived from your Majesty's mild and benignant sway, we would em- brace this auspicious occasion to offer to your Majesty our heartfelt thanks for the many advantages our Craft experiences under your Ma- jesty's protection.
" We beg to offer our ardent and humble prayers to the Great Architect of the Universe that He will shield your Majesty, your Royal Consort, and Family, from all harm, and that your Majesty may enjoy in health and happiness a long and prosperous reign.
" Given under our hand and seal in full Grand Lodge assembled, at Edinburgh this 22d day of August 1842, and of Light 5842. (Signed) " Frederick FitzClarence,
" Grand Master Mason"
" Unto His Royal Highness Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emanuel, Duke of Saxe, Prince of Sa3^b CoBURG and Gotha, K.G., tkc, <kc.
" We, the Most Worshipful and Right Honourable Lord Frederick FitzClarence, G.C.H., Grand Master Mason of Scotland, the Right Honourable Sir James Forrest of Comiston, Bart., Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Past Grand Master, and remanent Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, for ourselves, and on behalf of the Ancient Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland, approach your Royal High- ness with every feeling of sincere and heartfelt pleasure at your Royal Highness's arrival in Scotland.
" Our Ancient Society is a structure based upon the broad principles of philanthropy, brotherly love, and charity, and cemented and raised in peace and order, — with such principles as these all true Masons may be considered good and virtuous members of society, and loyal subjects of Her Majesty.
" We rejoice with your Royal Highness at the universal feeling of loyalty which pervades all classes upon this happy occasion, and which must convince your Royal Highness, if that were necessary, that Scot^ land hails with joy the presence of her Queen.
16
'' Thftt tlte Great Arclikct of tbo Uniroree may protect and blees your l^oyttl Hij^lm^ijs anJ yoar bclovcJ Consort lb^ Quc(?», uml royal offsppiiig, id the fervent pmyor of the Free Masoua uf >5r«tkTid,
*^ Givou under our hnud [Lnd ftecil iti full Grand Lodge ttast*mU<?d. 1 at EdiuliurgU tlU 22d day of Atignst 1(*42, and of l,i;*bt
I 5842.
I (Signoil) " FnrDEnrcK FitzClarexcEj
" Grand MoMer MarniiT *
A a tbc Gmnd Lodgo hvA ^<'o^ rrf|Licst(\l to lay 4 lie Foundstion-dit<inD
of tlio Victi-ria IliiU* to be t^ri^cttnl for the atcomnioilation of tlic Oenoral Afi^onility of tbc Cfiuri^li of Sirolluud, it wu^ propOHL'd ut Utia moctiag tlint the rf^rcmony alionlH tako plat<? on tbeday of Her MajostyV Vlwttotlio CUyon thc5d Scpt^rmbcr next ; which eiiggeation liaviog bc^n appTov<*d oft a ap^ciul Gruud Lodgri wiui summoned ft>r th:it ^iiy^ at tiint^ o'clock a.m.^ m tbe Gr<*at Jlall ^jf tbt> Hi^b School, txud wits tb^rc 0|t<*u(m1 in arojilc form by th(^ M<^t WorsLlpful tbo Gntud Maxtor, Lo^l Kroderiuk Fiii^ Cla.r«tJ0**j G.CMI., previous to walking iu I*roccw(ion to tho si to of tho buiMin;^ ou tbo Catfllo Htlt.
A lVacc««ion having been funned by tho Gmnd MarHbab^ TUt* Gmnd , Lodg«^ proccUod by the Junior Lodges, and attended by the ppop**r ' Officers, proccMofl along tbo Hcir^ijt TlridiM?, PnTtCCft Street, tho ^lound and Bank Street, to the Victoria Hall, where, having been arranged on the Platform allotted to the Members and Officers of tho Grand Lodge, the Brethren of the Daughter Lodges formed a double line inside the Military, through which Her Majesty and the Royal Cortege passed to visit the Castle of Edinburgh.
During the time Her Majesty was in the Castle, the Foundation-stone was laid according to ancient usage. The ceremony, though short, was most solemn, and the address of the Grand Master was couched in terms at once impressive and appropriate, in the course of which allusion was made to the auspicious occasion of Her Most Gracious Majesty's visit.
The Sovereign, as she passed to and from the Castle, took notice in an especial manner of the Grand Master and the Grand Lodge.
* [These Addresses were presented to Her Majesty at the Reception at Dalkeith Palace, by the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, and a Deputation consisting of the following Brethren, Patrick Maxwell Stewart, Esq., M.P., Provincial Grand >f aster for the Western Province of Renfrew, Sir David Einloch, Bart., Past Grand Warden, William Alexander Laurie, E^q., Grand Secretary, John Maitland, Esq., Grand Clerk, and Thomas Graham Dundas^ Esq. The Deputation proceeded to the Palace in State, and were received by Her Majesty in the most gracious manner. — E.]
I
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 243
The following is tbe inscription on the Plate deposited in the stone : —
To tlie glory of GOD,
In honour of The Queex,
On the 3d day of September, in the year of oar Lord mdcccxlii.
The day of our Most Gracious Majesty
QUEEN VICTOKIA
Visiting the City of Edinburgh,
The Right Hon. Sir James Forrest of Comiston, Bart., Lord Provost:
The Rev. David Welsh, D.D., Moderator of the Assembly :
The Foundation-stone of this Superb Structure, to be called
VICTORIA HALL,
For the use of
The General Assembly of The Church of Scotland,
Was laid by
The Right Hon. Lord Frederick FitzClarence, G.C.H., &c..
Grand Master Mason of Scotland,
In presence of The Grand Lodge and other Masonic Lodges.
James Gillespie Graham, Esq., of Orchill, Architect
John Lind, Master Builder of the Hall.
Length of Building from East to West, 141 Feet
Height of Spire over the Entrance, 241 Feet
There were also deposited in the cavity of the stone, inclosed in % glass jar, an Edinburgh Almanac, the newspapers of the day, a plan of the City, and a beautiful engraving of the building, with coins of the present reign.
On returning to the Hall of the High School the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, in a speech replete with good feeling and taste, thanked the assembled Brethren for the support he had received from them. Amongst those attending his Lordship was Brother J. F. Cooke, Right Worshipful Master of the Lodge Union, Nassau, New Providence, and subsequently Provincial Grand Master of the Lodges in the Bahama. Islands.
This years Obituary contained the names of Brothers Lieutenant^' Colonel Sir Alexander Bumes, C.B., Political Resident at Cabul, and Lieutenant Charles Burnes, 17th Regiment Native Infantry, who both fell a prey to Affghan treachery ; and also that of Sir James Spittal, Knight, late Lord Provost of Edinburgh, who had filled many high offices in the Grand Lodge, and been an active member of the Craft for half a century.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 245
that I may innocently do the other ; I feel that whilst I enforce the lesson — eloquently persuasive as it is — which may be learnt from the lamented decease of one whom regal birth and powerful connections could not shield from the penalty of dying, and whose removal, there- fore, strikingly illustrates the touching truth, that " All flesh is grass, and the goodliness thereof but as the flower of the field," I may also dwell upon the virtues which graced, the accomplishments which adorn- ed, and the usefulness which endeared the exalted individual whose loss we deplore, and whose services and philanthropy, important and valuable to the Nation at large, were especially so to that Venerable Order, of the mysteries and principles of which we are the favoured partakers, and of whose aim and object his whole life was a striking, beautiful, and most instructive exemplification.
" The oflspring of a long line of illustrious ancestors, he possessed almost every advantage which the highest rank and power could com- mand j a mind stored with the treasures of ancient and modem learn- ing, and literally crowded with accomplishments ; talents highly culti- vated, and assiduously directed to the best and noblest purposes ; and virtues which exalted the man above the prince, were his enviable and undoubted possessions. He, indeed, had many and no slender claims upon our gratitude and esteem. To say that he was perfect, would be to say that he was what no human being can be j but to say that the very errors which marked his course were but the scintillations of an amiable temperament, — that '* even his failings leaned to virtue's side," is to say what truth and justice imperatively demand. The various charitable objects to which he generously and almost unceasingly devoted his means and attention, attest the activity of his zeal in the cause of suflering humanity ; and if, as has been alleged, his patronage was too widely difiused and too indiscriminately bestowed, my honest belief is that he did so much, lest, by overlooking any claim, he might be found to have done too little. In him learning had a munificent patron, and science a fostering friend. As President both of the Society of Literature and the Society of Arts, his conduct was distin- guished by the greatest amenity and kindness ; and whilst he was the ready and princely protector of friendless merit he was the eloquent champion of scientific truth. His own retirement was dignified by the ardent pursuit, as it was rewarded by the solacing acquisition, of learn- ing; and he has left behind him a library which, in its Biblical department, is unrivalled by any private collection. My time and my limits forbid me to enlarge upon the public career, or to dwell upon the public services of the departed Prince ; nor is it needful that I should do so : For nearly half a century His Royal Highness was identified
944F TOE ffutiiAT at rues XAfln»lT*
with aleooit vrrrj h«aeTdei]t mornMBt. waa4 vrtb sIbcK ctct^t philftn- tluppic object ; and tl » m proof At fwinr rf hit wnrrntj intl rfiMiitnmtrf ttOi^ thai atlicr tfcu tM wvck Ml te «Qft vkciov «£ U» own «a6gfci-
tioBid7 UMCJbt te W tM |Btfc of 4Bt j.--li« ftfHUW nuT ofi^ wvHlj «0gnnfiMB«itt mJ porcr: ' Hcirr tkOril to nks tU wm^sd^ t&n to rwv* Ui uiUtion mbm to Wt« U«n to 4» gmA m Vk mtt mf , fcMUM lie mdly biBaral A«t wmj to W tW btft Lifc* tlw pAltiotor old, ho moHAdtfto «wnie« bimi^ whinertr fk# gswlor hifl oottdrtty, cr tlio bofiftMH of the «Muaaait^ i«q«ir«il j ond ht appoMi innmlilj to b&ro acted Qpm tko fc«««mlnt onJ oonpnbtii* oEvenuimof tboRoiAn Dtraotist,
1
*£Lhoo^^; L*tt*'^ &ikil»aa
'' Bot 1 Biiiil Wl«« to tbo btiof «oii«»d«tKtioi» — Tor mj linito flw to b« btidf^-Mif » ntbj«ct wluel), bdon an «ndiottco fi^o tke ■4^ct «Mai to wmnmiil le^^tbetsed ottlogtttpi and renwkt I ftU^de to Iba itoportaitl tt&lltm wltidi xhe. Pnoeo oo wkkf filled in oar Andeot «iid Fntrntitjr, — ft MVtion vUcb hU rbtiics dl^mfied, liii h«r&t! ftdonied, ssd bv •■!, letnitf^ ud dwrnlion, tttt* dcrtd on* of prc^«intDettt us^oloeas m&d t&}q^. For mon tluo thirlj years be officiated as Right Worshipful Grand Master of Eoglaody haTiDg succeeded his august brother, George the Foartb, io the year 1813 ; and so satis£su;torilj and successfallj did he dtscbaige hia important tmst, that under bis benignant role the moet perfect har- mony and ananimity penrailed ; the fraternity rapidly increased, both in numbers and respectability; its charitable institutions were ex- tended and multiplied ; its laws and regulations revised and improred ; and at the period of His Royal Highne:s*s death there existed, I beliere, not fewer than one thousand Lodges under the fostering juris- diction of the Grand Lodge of England. Such was his devotion to oar interests — and truly it is an interesting^ and affecting fact — that a few days before he died he intimated to the Board of Stewards for conduct- ing the Great Annual Masonic Festival, his wish and intention to dine with them at the Freemasons' Hall, on Wednesday the 26th ultimo. Before that day, however, arrived, it pleased the Great Architect to dose his eyes in death ! To wear out, rather than to rust out, seems to hare been the wish of his heart ; and to die at the post of duty hia laudable desire.
* And though the influence of his rank and talents be now lost to oar Order, the influence of his brilliant example must long continue : ' though dead, he yet speaketh ;* — and O ! Brethren, let him not speak
i
THE niSTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 247
io vain. Be, like him, trae to your principles. Let Masonic condnct attest the sincerity of your Masonic profession. Eschew, as he eschewed, the lost of the flesh, and the lust of tho eye, and the pride of life ; and seek, as he always sought, to enjoy tbo cheapest, the hest, and tho most enduring of all luxuries — the luxury of doing good : Seek, in short, by patient continuance in well-doing, for that glory, and honour, and immortality, which I devoutly trust are now his portion and bis joy — his earthly recompence, and his heavenly reward.
" Let, then, the sad Ceremonial of this night be the means of inducing us so to number our days that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom ; let it induce us practically to appreciate the touching and momentous truths that we are no better than fading leaves trembling on the tree of life, liable at any moment to be detached from the bough which sus- tains us; and that soon — and it may be very soon — ^the place which now knoweth us will know us no more for ever. Seeking, therefore, to have onr corruption clothed in incorruption, and our mortal arrayed in immortality, let us determine to honour God not by mere outward forms of allegiance, not by the mere sanctimonious profession of the truth, but in the way which He himself has appointed — with all our hearts, with all our soul, with all our mind, and with all our strength. Let us seek His favour, and entreat His mercy, and supplicato His peace, through Him, and for Him, who is the way and tho truth, and who has declared and proved Himself to be * the resurrection and the life, in whom whosoever belie veth shall live though he die, and in whom whosoever liveth and believeth, shall not die eternally.' Pray we, then, for strength equal to our day ; — pray we for grace to enable us to make our calling and election sure, that having lived the life, we may die the death of the righteous, and that our last end may be like his. Being now light in the Lord, let us walk as children of light; proving what is acceptable unto the Lord; and have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them. So shall we adorn tho profession, illustrate the principles, and attain the end of tho time- honoured Fraternity to which wo belong ; peace below will bo the glori- ous prelude to never-ending peace above; and joy, which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, nor heart conceived, will reward our faith and obedience; for if we are faithful unto death, Ho, to whose glory all our rites have reference, — whose holy laws our expressive symbols are de- signed to enforce, — and to the good of w^liose creatures all our proceed- ings are directed, — will assuredly give us a crown of life. Wherefore, Brethren, proceed ye in every good word and work ; be ye not merely hearers of the word, but doers of it, — not merely 8i»eculative and theo- retical, but, in the best sense of the terms, operative and practical Free-
248 THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
masons; ' and whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honesty whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report — ^if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things;' and having thought upon, piously resolve to do them, ' and the God of Peace shall be with you.' "
The Most Worshipful the Grand Master then rose and said : — " My Brethren, — Before closing the Grand Lodge, I must take this oppor- tunity of expressing my thanks to you for your attendance at the solemn Ceremonial which has just terminated ; and it is most gratifying to me to think that from the feelings of respect which have pervaded this assembly, the memory of the Illustrious Prince, on account of whose decease this Funeral Grand Lodge has been convened, is warmly cherished by you all.
" I should not have considered it necessary upon any ordinary occa- sion to have added a single word to the eloquent, impressive, and appro- priate address pronounced by the Grand Chaplain ; but from the high position which I hold among you, as your Grand Master, and from the long and intimate acquaintance which I had with the late Duke of Sussex, I feel that a few words from me may not be altogether super- fluous.
*' Possessing as I did for a long series of years the friendship, I may say affectionate friendship, of the departed Duke, T can safely bear testimony to the justness of the eulogiums which have been bestowed upon him, — not by the Grand Chaplain only, but by the Country at large. As a man, I will venture to say, that no one ever made himself more generally beloved than the late Duke of Sussex. He had no enemies, — on the contrary, he inspired those who happened to differ from him in opinion, with respect and admiration for the sincerity and manliness of his character ; and where he failed to convince he never failed to please. As a Mason — to you perhaps his praises have been moro frequently sounded — ever foremost in the ranks of hencvolence and charity, he lent a willing hand and the influence of his high station to promote that Institution of which he was one of the brightest ornaments the Craft ever possessed, and to foster those benevolent schemes con- nected therewith which imparted comfort an<l relief to the widows and orphans of many departed Brethren. His loss will be long felt, and severely too, by many of the departed Prince's fellow-countrymen. For myself, 1 shall only say, that remembering as I do the Royal Duke and Illustrious Brother when he was a younger man than I am now, and His Royal Ilighnes.s then in the enjoyment of more robust health
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 249
than I can at present boast of possessing, this event strongly calls to my mind the rapidity of fleeting time, and the impression and reflection that must follow, having seen the change from the height of health and strength, to the completion of threescore years and ten, when it pleased the Great Author of the Universe to call our late excellent and highly gifted Brother from this world to a better.
"Having, my Brethren, manifested, by this numerous and respectable meeting, our unfeigned and aficctionate feelings towards the memory of our late Illustrious Brother, let us supplicate a blessing on our beloved Sovereign, her Royal Consort, and her rising and interesting Family, that the Great Architect of the Universe may ever hold them in His holy keeping, and may she ever reign in the true love and aflection of her loyal subjects."
At the Quarterly Communication on 6th November, Brother William Donaldson was appointed Clothier to the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
This year Provincial Grand Masters were appointed for the Pro- vinces of Jamaica; and Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.
ft yavt is d^ I
l^je butJiiclcJ tW Gfuii Sggf^taTT to A^ttovteJfie rrrrifit «f the
eommanication, and to sUtie that the Lodges at Peebles, od the occasion rc^erre^i to, acted in gtrict confonnitj with the Laws of the Grand Lodgr; ; and that a^ tLe Brethren in qaestion continue to remain sepa- rate from the Grand Lodge of Scotland, the latter cannot recognise the Lo^lge fftylin;^ itself " The St John's Lodge of Melrose."
The rjTH'.-^t otj of — How far Benefit Societies in connection with Lodges »re coTidricire or otherwise to the prosperity of Masonry in Scotland, haring l^ecn fre^jocntlj brought nnder the notice of the Grand Lo^lge, a Bcloct Coinmittee was appoioted to enquire into the matter, who reported to the Qaarterly Commauication held on 6th May, as follows : —
** Tho facUj generally, as ascertained by the Committee, may be Mtated tliUM :
'* 111 Home Lo<lge8 with Benefit Societies it is explained to the candi- date that a Benefit Society is connected with the Lodge into which he ofrcr« hitJiMelf for initiatiou ; that the fee for becoming a member of the Lodge Im a Mtut4;d Huni, say L.l, 10s., and for becoming a member both of tho Loflgo and tho Society is so much more, say L.2 in whole, besides an annual contribution to the Society funds; and that unless the candi- date boconio a tneinbcr both of the Lodge and the Society he can neither oloct for nor bo elected to any of the offices of the Lodge, the Office- boAfurs boiiig gonomliy tho managers ex officils of the Society funds.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 251
In other cases, members of the Lodge, but not of the Society, may vote at the election of Office-bearers of the Lodge, but are not eligible for oflice themselves. And lastly, that the Societies in question are in many instances managed with great care, and are very beneficial to the parties concerned.
" The Committee feel the greatest possible difficulty in offering an opinion to the Grand Lodge on this subject, which they look upon as one requiring to be treated with great delicacy. For, while they are sensi- ble that the Benefit Societies do great good, and are deserving of every encouragement, the Committee cannot lose sight of one of the funda- mental principles of Masonry, viz. — That it is the undoubted right of every qualified Brother to vote at the election of Office-bearers of his liodge, and to be eligible, according to his knowledge of Masonry and his virtues and accomplishments as a Mason, for any of the offices of his Lodge, from the lowest to the highest. But according to the practice of the Lodges with Societies before referred to. Brethren of these Lodges, not members of the Society, are deprived of this undgubted privilege.
" The Committee are of opinion that the Grand Lodge should pro- hibit all Lodges who may Jtereafter form Benefit Societies from depriving any of their Members of their privilege of voting at the election of Office-bearers, or being chosen Office-bearers ; and that they should recommend to, and instruct Lodges having Benefit Societies already connected with tJuinj to make such alterations upon their bye- laws and practice as will admit every duly constituted member of the Lodge, not lying under any Masonic disability, to vote, or to be eligible for office, at the election of Office-bearers of his Lodge before next St John's Day.
'^ The Committee also think that it should be recommended to all Lodges with Benefit Societies to be very careful in keeping the funds of the Lodge separate and distinct from those of the Society."
Which Report having been duly consi<lered was approved of, and the following Resolutions in conformity therewith unanimously agreed to ; —
" That all Lodges who may hereafter form Benefit Societies are hereby prohibited from depriving any of the Members of their Lodges of the right of voting at the election of Office-bearers, or being chosen Office-bearers ; and those Lodges who already have Benefit Societies connected therewith, are instructed to make such alterations upon their bye-laws and practice as will admit every duly constituted Member of the Lodge, not lying under any Masonic disability, to vote, or to be eligible for office, at the election of Office-bearers. The Grand Lodge also recommend all Lodges having Benefit Societies to bo very careful in
.^1 jr FREE MASONRY.
.<. ■•*^^~^ p«?rfectlj separate and dietinct fr'.-m tho»€
!.^» iiau: Ltci».'r from the Grand Rf^'isirar of the
. .p-.j vfc;ic rvaii at iLi.-^ meeting, and :?uhse<juenllv cmb^.-IIed
. . nu-UkT -or the guiilauce of all the Daughter Lodge:* : —
"EmNHUHfJii, 22t/ M-jrch 1S44, 27, India Stkeet. . . .1 *A".Mt<niPFrL Sir, — As Registrar to the Keiigious and Mili- U...I- A the Temple, I have to direct your attention to a Kesolu- .. ■» '.v.i |'ii*c«od unanimou-ly in Conclave on the 11th instant, declaring . » .V MO longer necessary that person.^ tliereafter admitted into this iv^vi :u the Provisional Priory of the Grand Council, or in Provij-ional «>'«t::d Priories out of Scotland, «hall previously have obtained any >i.fcsv*uic degree.
" 1 intimate thi.s to you that it may be generally communicated to the b*r\v Masons belonging to Scoilanil, that they may be all made aware that Members of the Chivalric Order of the Temi»le, admitted as above, and holding Diplomas from Admiral Sir David Milne, G.C.B., present 1 1 rand Master, or his successors in Otiice, have not inct^sorUf/ been KutoHMl, Pass. .1, or U:i:<i'd ; :ind tLtit uili! r pr- "f of tln.-ir b'.'irij Musons is iv<[iii-it«' t;.a:i tiirir 'ri.-inj.iir J'ij''.- ma-, i'l.-r- 'i.- i«j<'«.'ivc.i In -i:" -i:.!;-
'• I'l liiakiii, \\\'- DMiHinirallxij, 1 i,i-iy «■ .:..-!y -t.it" <■;] i'..- j.ar: <•( :l:o
Iviiij-I.t-^ .'f ih'' 'i"» ;::|.;.' — u l.".-,- .-^'-..iti-li .j. -■. :.i I'l-.m tl.f .\iii.io!:t « -v-kr i- uin|ii- -ti'.rir 1 — -i. .: ai'lu-iiLili tin- «;"i;i;L-i-.it.:. wi.i'M !..i- t'-:!' a c ;.-il..T- ul-I(.' jM :i,).i i-i' i".:;..; .-:J.«! -t<'l '.i tw '-i. 'Ii-iii aii-i M:i.-: ]r.<- A-- ■<.•".a•i'•Il- i^ II'. \v iij -•'..•;i,' i.i'.M-ui-..' H.v«i.|. y.-: r..i- .Ml!;:' < r- i-i" il.";- < 'iil'. r, in tlicir aaxirty in |-: nmti' tht' \v. .I'a:,- ot" M.-.^ .::rv. ii.ivr ii:..;-i a--.''.i ti.c «:iio.-? \ t ry i-oii'l'lcMi ly \n UMi:.:t*:;i» il j.'/i--"::- ii.: ii;i_ tlii- 'i'l i:!}';*', wlivii-as [\\r i\'c> t'> tIi"-<' ahca-ly ^ri-i-:i> (•!>:, tiiiii ; a.- l'.<: i:ii riv. — I am. Sue a:;'! l»Ktii iii:K, y..ii'/s, tvc.
;>1^K"1) *• .1. L:>MN<. W'ui'l'.MAN, Vi- /.":',■ f,-.
•• Tu \V:i. A. L.M w::-. K-';., S.-ivtary, ( 'raji"! ].<)<\.:i: (-1' Sr'i'u.iii.I."
i'lio Ccr«,:j:u:;ial «•]' layiiiL:- tljo Ffi;ii'ljii«>Ti->tur.',-. at I lie Low (V.h;'n.' .•r IJK' Nv.v Pii'.jic iJatli.- 1 r the \V(..rkir.i:-C"ia.->e;f of K liiiliiirji, took I'l.u-r on i!it.' 2:»;:i .July 1>4 I.
[I'liis ^ito uj's. j.ri'vi«ius to llic'ir ciLCtif'ii. i>»iich.i^L(l ].y lhi» Nortli liiiti^h li.iilway ('<»ni|..'iiiy. A LuiMiii;: in Nicols n ?S«iu ir-j is now occuj-ifd .i> the I'uhlio l'atJi«.- J:. i
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 253
The Trades were marshalled in Bruntsfield Links, and after walking through several parts of the city, proceeded to the front of the Uni- Tersity, where they were joined hy the Grand Lodge of Scotland, which assemhled there at two o'clock, and was opened hy the Grand Master, Lord Glenlyon, assisto<l by the Grand Oflice-bcarers.
The Procession of the Trades, <fec., having halted when the rear reached the University, opened up into double lines, and the Masonic Procession, as arranged in the quadrangle of the University by the Grand Marshals, issued from the great gate, the Junior Lodges preced- ing, according to their number on the Grand Lodge roll. Amongst the numerous Lodges in attendance, was the Lodge of the 26th or Canio- Fonian Regiment, on the Registry of Ireland, which being a visiting Stranger Lodge, under the rule of a Sister Grand Lodge, was placed next the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
The Trades, <fec., in inverted order, followed the Masonic body, until it reached the site of the proposed building.
In Catherine Street the procession was joined by the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Town-Council, in their robes of office.
The Grand Lodge, preceded by the Band of the Scots Greys playing the Masons' Anthem, entered the space to be appropriated for the erection of the Baths shortly after four o'clock, amidst lend cheers from the numerous spectators, who occupied every ** coigne of vantage" on the surrounding heights and houses.
About half-past four the Most Worshipful the Grand Master took up his position facing the platform, accompanied by the Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge. The platform erected opposite to the Grand Lodge was occupied by the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Town-Council, the Directors, Ordinary and Extraordinary, as well as the Committee of the Baths. The various Trades occupied a large square area. On the com- pletion of the necessary arrangements, and silence being obtained, the Rev. John Boyle, Acting Grand Chaplain, offered up the following Prayer : —
" 0 Thou great and adorable Lord God, Almighty Architect of the Universe, and Sovereign Disposer of all things; King of kings, and Lord of lords, the only Ruler of princes ! we venture, in all humility, now to approach Thee for the purpose of invoking the fulness of Thy blessing upon this our present undertaking. In Thy hands, and in Thine only, are the issues of life and death ; — ^Thine we are, and Theo we are bound to serve ;-^Kleign, therefore, we beseech Thee, to render effectual the means now being adopted for the bodily health, comfort and well-being of Thy frail and dependent creatures ; prosper with Thy special fELVOur the laudable efforts which the stewards of Thy
b
thrt^i .4evf»r»i Hrftkes of the mallet, amiJat the moet entho^a^c cheer- ing,— th#» Bftn4 of the Seota Greyg playing the Queen's Anthenu The Orami MatYter havlnsr aMeemied the phuform. preceded by the Sabetitnte Orsaui Master Mid Grand Wardens, apoka an followa : —
'* My r^»HT> PROVr#«T, MaGLSTRATES, A3D DiRECTOBS,
" W^ Kav*» jaHt «oniplot^ the important ceremony for which we ihifi day awu^mKied. The Foondation-stone of the Public Batha fur fh# Wofkinj(-C1aM^ han now been laid with Maaonic HoDonrsy in tffmpVif^nr^ wifh th#^ir reqnest. Having' the honoor to hold the high <y^^ of Orand Ma^t^r of the Free Masona of Scotland, it has fallen t^ my lot t^» fflk<«i a prominent part in the proceedings of thia day, and I h*rf» now (h« p)<^artiire of a^ldresaing yon on thia occasion. Allow me, my lArrf] and O^ntlf^m^n, to c/>ngratalate yoo on the commencement of an In^fintion whifh mnnt hf^eafter prore of the greatest advantage to the w//rkin^-/'law^« of thin grf?at roetropoli§, and »o be coodocire to their h^nhh, clr»anlinfl««, and comfort. It most, I feel convinced, be no small mmrcf^ of pthlf^ Ut yon when yoo think that thia excellent Inatitation liM ori^'n)At«>d with iho workingclaaaca of Edinburgh. It reflects the gfMiieai crodit on thorn ; and tlicir good example, I feel snre, will be
THE niSTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 255
speedily folIowe<l by other large towns in thie country. Allow me also to express to yon my admiration at the excellence of all your arrange- ments on this occasion, and to conin^talate you on the order, regularity, and decorum observed by the numeroud large bodies of the trades and societies, and by the populace in general. That the work which we have this day commenced may go on prosperously, and last for genera- tions, is my most earnest prayer."
The Lord Protost in reply said —
" Most Worshipful Gram> Master, — I congratulate your Lordship on being privileged to lay the Foundation of this structure. Your prede- cessors have laid the Foundation-stones of gorgeous {>alaces, and solemn temples, and enduring monumeuts, which have been planned by the most exquisite taste and finished with the most perfect skill, and at a cost which has drained the treasuries of kingdoms. These were gene- rally raised to gratify the self-love of vain-glorious mortals, but the structure which wo have now commenced, though comparatively humble, has an importance which few of those magnificent edifices could pretend to. It is not in its immediate object that its value chiefly consists, but wo hail it as evincing an advance in the intelligence and morality of a large and important class of our fellow-citizens, and as a pledge of their determination to emancipate themselves from every habit that has a tendency to lower them in their own estimation and in that of their fellows. This, I trust, is but the beginning of an onward pro- gress in purity, and knowledge, and social comfort, and that the children of those by whose efforts this builtling is to be reared, will point to it with grateful recollection and say — this was the commencement of our improved condition, for which we are indebted to the virtuous exertions of our fathers.
Mr J. Wat.son, on behalf of the Ordinary Directors, having thanked the Grat>d Lo<lge and the other Lodges for their attendance, and the Magistrates for their countenance and support, the Grand Chaplain pronounced the benediction. The Masonic and other Bodies then left the ground in inverted order. The Grand Lodge, preceded by the Band of the Scots Greys, and followed by the other Lodges, returned to the University, where, after a suitable Address from tho Most Wor- shipful the Grand Master, the Grand Lodge was closed in ample form, and the Brethren disperse<l.
The utmost order was maintained throughout tho entire proceedingp, and it was calculated that not less than seven thousand persons took part in the Procession, which occupied three-quarters of an hour to pass a given point.
THE Qi^rORT OF FUCE VAdOXKT.
At ibe QuiU^crljr Communic:itloii on 5tb Aogiut, it was i^oftcted " That LtiJjtjett viajtlu^ a rruvuiL-iiil Grand Loil^ aoil not unUor its jumtlltiejon, i^hoM ho rGeeiv(*ti with tbe usual Maflomc HotiomrB." It WM abo Rc]K>] veil, " That no cftiKlithte for iDitia.tir>n AhuM be itdv;tp<!i«d from tbft degrt^ of Apprctjticc to timt of Fe!Iow-Cmft, gr nii**eJ from the de^gree ttf JMlow-Craft to tbiU uf Maxtor Mason, at a sJjorU^r inter- vn\ than that of two week*, uulo** where it shall bo certified by two Brctbrcn of the Lodge ia wbich tho candi^iate i^ to be Passed or ^ised that b« 10 to T«move from Scotland witliin tbo iDterra) bereby pr^ •cribt-nlj ot ill ut>y partirulu* «;i«e of etoergenrj, to be allowed by tbe Ma^tL^r of tb^ Lodgu on iia hv]t\g i^pociaUy cortiHed to tbe eatit^iactioa of bunaclf auij Win Wardeutf/''
For eoine timo negotiatiotin bail bcrn going op for tbi^ purcbast* of tbu Grand Lodgf^ property in N iddry SttcHj by tbo Town Council of Edlu* bunrb^ fur tbe purjwH^ of convcrtJTiif it into n School uudur tbe Im^ir tf^tllf-'uioiit uf tLo iato Dr Dell, tbo Kouader of tbo M^driiJi FyMom of Kduo.ition, rind a Mii^flivo of Salp was signed io tbe City Cbiiml:>cri on tbo lOtb day r>f October, wbf*roby ** tb(^ whole boritablo property beb>uging to tbo (Jra.nd Lod^u of Scotland at the f<K>t of Niddry Stroot, comprising two bnll^f sLopB, ^C't w&s di«ipo8<?d of at tbe price of L. 1800 stoHing'/*
Cbartcn» wer© thU year gmoted to the following Lodges abrotuL, via., *' AdrlaiJi*)" AildaJ^L^ South Anri^trEilia ; '* !i]:<ing St-iir of Western India/* Bombay; "St Andrew,*' Poonab ; "Elgin,** Jamaica; and " Acadia,*' Dartmouth, Nova Scotia ; evidencing tbe rapid extension of the Scottish Masonic jurisdiction in the different quarters of the globe : Fraternal relations were also entered into between the Grand Lodge of Prussia and the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the preliminaries arranged for the appointment of Representatives at these Grand Lodges.
1844. December 2. The Right Honourable George Augustus Frederick John, Lord Glenlyon, was re-elected Grand Master. At same meeting Brother the Reverend John Boyle, B.C. L., Incumbent of St Mark's Episcopal Chapel, Portobello, was elected conjunct Grand Chap- lain, and Brother David Bryce conjunct Grand Architect.
At the Quarterly Communication held on the 5th May 1845, Dr Joseph Stewart Hunter was appointed Provincial Grand Master over tbe Bermuda Islands.
On 2d November a Charter was granted to several Brethren residing in Kingston, for holding a Lodge under the style and title of " The Glenlyon Lodge of Kingston, Jamaica ;'* which designation had been fixed upon in compliment to the Most Worshipful the Grand Master.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 257
The Obituary of this year contaiDeJ the names of Sir Colin Mackenzie of Kilcoy, Bart., Provincial Grand Master for Ross and Cromartyshires ; Admiral Sir Darid Milne of Milncgraden, K.C.B., Provincial Grand Master for Berwickshire, and the Right Honourable Alexander Edward, Earl of Danmore, Viscount Fincastle, Past Grand Master.
1845. December 1. The Right Honourable George Augustus Fre- derick John, Lord Gleiilyon, was re-elected Grand Master ; Brother William Montignani was appointed Grand Director of Muaic ; and Brother William Rcid, Grand Sword Bearer.
At the Quarterly Communication of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, held on 2d February 1846, the establishment of a Fund of Scottish Masonic Benevolence was proposed by the Substitute Grand Master, Brother J. Whyte Melville, and seconded by the Grand Secretary.
At the Communication on 4th May the Grand Lodge cordially con- curred in the object of Brother Melville's Motion, and api>ointcd a Com- mittee to consider in what manner the Fund should be raised, and to frame Regulations for the proper application thereof. In accordance with this remit, the Committee brought up a Report to the Grand Lodge at the Quarterly Communication on dd August, which was unanimously approved of, and which provided for the establishment of the Fund in the manner set forth in the annexed Rules, viz.-^
" This Fund shall be solely and strictly devoted to the purposes of Charity, and shall not be appropriated to any other purpose whatever.
" Every Office-Bearer of the Grand Lodge shall contribute annually to the Fund, upon his election to office on 30th November, as follows ;— ^
The Grand ACaster, . L.10 10 0 The Grand Director of
The Depute Grand .\f aster, 5 5 0 Music,
The Substitute Grand Master, 5 6 0 The Grand Sword Bearer,
The Senior Grand Warden, 3 3 0 The Grand Bible Bearer,
The Junior Grand Warden, 3 3 0 The President of the Board
The Grand Treasurer, 3 3 0 of Grand Stewards, .
The Grand Secretary, . 2 2 0 The Vice President of the
The Grand Clerk, . . 2 2 0 Board of Grand Stewards,
The Senior Grand Deacon, 2 2 0 Each Grand Steward,
The Junior Grand Deacon, 2 2 0 Each Master of an Edin-
The Grand Chaplain, 110 bur^h, Leith, or Porto-
The Grand Architect, . 110 hello Lodge,
The Grand Jeweller, . 0 10 6 Every Proxy Master,
The Grand Dard, . . 0 10 6 Every Proxy Warden,
The Grand Director of Cere- Each Edinburgh, Leith, and
monies, . . . . 0 10 6 Portobello Lodge, 110
[On 5th February 1849 Provincial Grand Masters were ex officiU declared Mem* bers of Grand Lodge, and their Annual Subscription fixed at L.2 : 2s. — E.]
17
|
L.0 10 |
6 |
|
0 10 |
6 |
|
0 10 1 |
6 |
|
0 10 |
6 |
|
, 0 10 |
6 |
|
0 7 |
6 |
|
0 7 |
6 |
|
0 5 |
0 |
|
0 2 |
6 |
258 TiiE nisTORV of free masonry.
" The Fund shall he distrihuled and applied hy a Committee, con-> sisting of the Office-hearers of the Grand Lodge, and Masters of Edinhurgh, Leith, and Portohello Lodges, and Proxy Masters. Five to he a qaomro ; and the Committee shall meet on the last Friday of every month.
*' No Memher of Committee shall he allowed to attend the Meetings of Committee while he is in arrear of his Contrihution to the Fund of Benevolence, or while the Lodge which he represents is in arrear of Grand Lodge dnes.
" The Memhers of Committee shall not he suhject to canvass or solici- tation, hat shall have their minds free from prejudice to decide with impartiality upon the merits of each case, and if it shall appear to the Committee that this Rule has heen wilfully transgressed hy any applicant^ the application shall he deferred for Three Montlis, or such period as the Committee may think fit.
" All applications for aid from the Fund must he hy Petition, in the form prescrihed hy the Committee of Management,^ and must he oerti- fied and recommended hy the Master or Proxy Master of the Lodge of the Brother on whose behalf, or on hehalf of whose Widow or Children, the application is made. And no application shall he received from any Brother whose name is not enrolled in the Grand Lodge Books, nor from the Widow or Child of such Brother, subject to the provisions herein- after contained.
" All applications must ho lodged with tlie Grand Secretary or Grand Clerk, at least throe days previous to a Monthly Meeting of the Com- mittee.
** The Grand Secretary or Grand Qlerk shall examine each applica- tion, and certify whether the name of the applicant, or if the application be from a Widow or Child, that the name of the husband or Anther, has been recorded in the Books of the Grand Lodge.
" The Committee may, whenever they think fit, appoint a Sub-Cora- mittoe specially to investigate into the case of any applicant, and to report to the Committee.
" The Committee shall not allow any applicants to become pensioners on the Fund ; and repeated applications from the same parties are to be discouraged.
" The Grand Secretary or Grand Clerk shall attend tho Meetings of Committee, and enter in a book tho various applications, with tho names of the applicants, and sums granted by the Committee. The Chairman shall also sign or initial ui>on each application the deliverance of tho
^ [The Fonns of Application will bo found m tho Appendix, Nos. XXI and XXII, in/m.— E.]
TDE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 251)
Committee, which shall be a warrant to the Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary, or Grand Clerk, to pay the respectiye sums granted.
'' Notwithstanding that this Fund is intended for the relief exclusively of Scottish Masons, their wives, and children, the Committee may, in cases of extraordinary distress, afford relief to Brethren under the Con- stitution of the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland, or of Foreign Countries, on the production of Certificates from their respective Lodges; or other sufficient evidence, certificates, or testimonials, to the satisfac- tion of the Committee, and on satisfactory proof of the identity and distress of the applicant.
*' In cases of peculiar urgency it shall be competent for the Grand Secretary to call a special meeting of the Committee to consider and dispose of such cases, without waiting for the next monthly meeting.
*' And the Grand Lodge direct that the foregoing Regulations shall be referred to the Committee now deliberating on the Grand Lodge Laws, with instructions to embody them in the Laws and Constitutions of the Grand Lodge.**
It is gratifying to record that the ready support of the Scotch Brethren, both in this country and abroad, aided by several donations,^ has more than realised the most sanguine expectations of the judicious Founders of " The Fund of Scottish Masonic Benevolence." Experience has proved the utility of the scheme, and though previously the Grand Lodge Charity Fund was admirably administered, its precarious income was yearly expended in relieving the numerous calls made upon it by indigent Brethren, the widows, and the fatherless ; now, however, the income can be more accurately calculated upon, and notwithstanding the amount annually expended in relief, the Committee, by careful management and the liberality of the Craft, have always been enabled to make yearly addition to the reserve fund.'
At this Communication (3d August) Brother James Hunter Ross, of Melbourne, was appointed Provincial Grand Master of the Province of Victoria.
The Dnntocher and Faifley Union Lodge was allowed to transfer its Charter from the Province of Dumbarton to that of Glasgow.
The interesting and imposing ceremony of the Inauguration of the Scott Monument and Statue having been fixed for Saturday the 15th
^ [One of these was from the Brethren of Sherborne, as part of the proceeds raised at Lectures delivered by the celebrated philanthropist and Oriental traveller, Brother the Rev. Dr Joseph Wolff.— E.]
* [A statement of the Income and Expenditure of The Fund of ScottiBh Masonic Benevolence for 1856-57 will form Appendix No. XXIV of thisVolome. -E.]
nT Aoi^ut, tKtf siififv«T«i7 or Sir Widier SrotC* Urtb-dij, sail ihm Qaml Lii4n ^v>H ^«** ii^BwtoJ i« Uk« a praaiMst pMt is tke |itv^ •K^agt^il ntmufal UmA tW BntkivB, Um Cine AsthMtSn, *n^
Dii« v'dEclc on tLit 4kj, ta Um UaII of tW Hj^ Scboul. C&ILjci Hill, &DID wIi«(hm: tLcgr ittfrred in prooaMMW lomHa tW Mt/nuracot Uxnit s (|«ftri«r pAttt liro» pr^cwdbig aIimi^ llw Lontjoo R*aJ, WaiqHoo ir'bc*^ Mid Prinoet SlfoH, ABklrt Um fr(v|tteBl «pplatur of tbe moaetDhiod unltiU>J«i, «i4 ^oVtnd PriBACi Btrai*t gvxl«a« bj tfao v«st gitOi op^oiil* U»e Rn^ IjMtilBlitto. Tbo Jttftior LoJ^ Ittiing sirivcd ot tbe eiilTUi«e to tlie iodo<gJ araot Ittlt^il. ftwl iook op^ oilier, all the nihtt LcKlga^ In Ui« nMr foll4«vt«£ t)»D like oxAnipIv^ to tliot Uio Graiid I#ihJ^ pMieil tbpDO^ tlitrir nnkt to tlw nt« of th« SlvtiM^ »tt«iKtod only b/ Um MMbm ftpil Warden* of tacli Lodfv piowiifc dio oUi«r Lod;ji«f Mlmria; ncoortliog to woKftily. TUo Ma*i Womlll|kriil Tbo GraoO Miii«n prMi*tlod Ujr hit Svoril-Botter, M'I sti^tkiM bj Uto B^bl Wonbiprul Deputo and Subotitoles t^* Gn»id Uaidon*^ and odifT Ofleei^i pA^D^d to, aod took ttioir (tationt on ibe c*«t of tbo Fedoo^ U1| trtlhiti ibo cfCrrrtiA } «uil tbe Lonl Proriiwt and Ha^l«traL^ ^^ having taken ihnir places oa th« atepii loadmg th tbi^ «lcvat«d netilr« Hke^ at n ^ivrn - ^ - r^ wa^ firni by tbo Royal Arljt- lerj placed on the s uthern bank of the gardens. On the report of tbe first gon the screens, which had hid the Statae of the " Great Unknown/* fell on the instant, displaying a splendid tableau* The Mili- tary Bands having performed the Queen *s Antliem, the Ceremonial of the Inauguration commenced by Brother Stewart of Douglas, the Senior Grand Chaplain, offering up the following eloquent and appropriate Prayer :—
" With what reverence, 0 God, does it become ns to adore Thee, as the Eternal and Infinite Jehovah — the uncreated source of all created existence — our faithful and gracious Creator — the Father of Lights, from Whom Cometh down every good and perfect gift. At this auspicious moment we own with equal humility and gratitmle our dependence upon Thy blessing for success in all our undertakings. We know, and we delight in acknowledging, that except the Lord build the house they labour in vain that build it ; and now that our hearts rejoice in the happy completion of this great work, in which the National feelings have been so much interested, we would give vent to our joy in ardent Thanksgiving for Thy protecting Providence^ which has watched over all who have been engaged in it, and through which it has been com- pleted without one fatal or unhappy contingency during its progress : In this we would gladly recognize Thy gracious approval of the
TOE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 261
epint and the motives in which it was undertaken, and humbly trust, as we devoutlj pray, that through Thy continued blessing the views and the hopes in which it has been projected and carried ou may be amply realised. Long may this structure remain the ornament and the honour of this City, tbe memorial of the Nation *s admiration and gratitude to one who drew in it his first breath, whose genius was nurtured in its seminaries and matured amidst its intellectual society, and who has thrown around it a lustre of literary glory which has out- shone even its own former splendour : Long may it endure — a monn- roent of the respect and afiection entertained by his countrymen of his own time, for him to whose honour it has been reared, and who was not less amiable than great. May it call forth in succeeding generations the kindred feelings with which his memory should be cherished, whose high powers of mind derived grace and dignity from the con- genial qualities of a generous and magnanimous heart. May the view of this magnificent tribute to talent and to worth, while it kindles the emulation of genius, remind the aspirant to similar fame how much the splendour of the most brilliant talents is heightened by virtue. And when time shall have drawn over this structure his obscuring or defacing band, or shall have crumbled it in the dust, may the nobler monument which Scott has raised for himself in his works perpetuate his fame, abet and aid the inspiration of genius, and hallow it with the sacred glow of Christian benevolence and piety. May many congenial spirits arise to do honour to our Nation, and maintain the forward place which it now holds in the career of literature and science. May the talents which Thou bestowest be held by their possessors under a deep feeling of their responsibility ; and, united with the principles and dis- positions which Thou appro vest, may they be at once the glory and the blessing of our land. We thank Thee fo| the cordial and successful exer- tions of kindred genius which this favourite National work has called forth ; we rejoice that in this Statue of him to whose memory we are now met to do honour the intellectual power and the benignity of the original are so faithfully and happily expressed ; and we rejoice in the animating scene now before us, — in the myriads whose National feelings have brought them together to take part in the tribute of respect paid this day to him whom all regard as the Nation's pride : We cannot look without grati- tude to Thee from whom all good gifts proceed for this interesting feature in the national character, and without an earnest supplication for Thy blessing on all now before us, and on all our countrymen through- out the World. We implore Thy blessing on this City. Bless it in its University and all its seminaries of learning : May it long retain its eminence as a seat of literature and science. Bless it in its Magis-
lAiM^ >U Minitt^fi, tb« Jiit]g«a of tbe L&od, tkQ*l the vfaoU KodT of tbe fMpIs : Mijr thoy U distioiniidhed hy the ioflo^noo of * Uni wbdm vIllHb U from ohort^ which \» pure, pe«mU>I«» gcoik^ and caty •■ be ■fiiratotufl, UU fif nnrrjr ana of gdoil fniitji, mtboat pttttiftity^ m4 vith^ MA 1tf|NMriiy/ W« irffor oitf mmniA pnyer for Thv btoMMf oa all itt MHlbMfftj #r«r n^^or oar belored Qotv^, tier Rot«1 Cnwrt^ Uittr noyvl P^Nkgrny, «oJ nU tbo otlii>r hmncKo* of the Rojml FantUj. Ab4 »«v*. O lfi«r«]y Vbtlier, may Thy lleving n»t oti ftU of » hm bcbi* 7ltt«<. Uirongb Ohiiit otir Lord/' " So m^tb' it be^"
Tl^tt Mm! WonliipAil |ti« Gimofl Masior LovH GUctytn tb«& wvtit fibitngk ihfl c^pmnoTiy tstaftl i>ti murh orvntFton^ a« follovrs : —
Ontnd Aftt^Ur. — Rt^lit WontUip/nl Sub«titttt« Gntud MAJtCTt yw mitt tmumtf tlin rnmn* implomcutd to be Applied to tbe r«lefftalt u>4 port tliftt It b)i« IfCiTD r«im|tlct«d lu'^^riliog to tbc R[iTe«of Anrbttwrtorc Wli«na|ioii thft BnWttDio GmnJ Mut«r ordered tht Wardeitf to 40 llitir 4uty ; nnd tilt WtnteuB baring applied the proper woHtitt^ toolf to ikn tVlrital, 4«iilMVii tboir aattHfactlon of tbe vrork to tiio MoaI WiMiliijtful Grand Mfttflct,
Orand Mtuirr.—litshi Wor*biiifu1 Senior Qnvnd Wordco, Wtai k iHe profier J«i^e) of yirar vlSct t — Tbe Squ^e, Httve yoQ affplM tli9 f^'! tlK>*o portu (jf lb<? Pftt!<>»ttl timt are sqaftte f — I b*Tr, Moat
Worsliipfal Grand Master.
Rigbt Worsbipfal Junior Qrand Warden, Wbat is tbe proper Jewel of your Office ? — The Plumb line. Have you applied the Plumb to the several edges of tbe stone 1 — I have, Most Worshipful Grand Master.
Right Worshipful Substitute Grand Master^ What is the proper Jewel of your Office ? — Tbe Level. Have you applied the Level to the top of the Pedestal 1 — I have, Most Worshipful Grand Master.
Tbe Grand Master then said, Having, my Right Worshipful Brethreo^ full confidence in your skill in our Royal Art, it remains with me now to finish this Work, whereupon he gave the Pedestal three knocks^ saying, — " May the Almighty Architect of the Universe shower down His blessings upon this undertaking, and on the happy completion of this our work, and may it stand firm and sure in all future time, until the surrounding structures have crumbled to dust." " So mote it be."
The Most Worshipful the Grand Master then came forward and said " My Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Gentlemen of the Original and Auxiliary Committees, I have to congratulate you this day on the com- pletion of this splendid Monument, which will stand to future genera- tions as a memorial of that illustrious Poet and Novelist, the late Sir Walter Scott. I am sure that all of yon must have experienoed the
TUE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 263
greatest deligbt in participating in tbo proceedings of this day. It was in 1S40 that one of my predecessors laid the Fonndation-stone of this beautiful structure ; and we all feel deeply grateful to the Great Archi- tect of the Universe that in the course of its erection not a single accident occurred — a circumstance, I believe, almost unprecedented in the rearing of such a stately edifice. No words of mine can express the feelings of pride and pleasure with which I have presided at this most interesting National Ceremonial — feelings which, I have no doubt are fully shared in by the many thousands I now see around me. 1 b^, therefore, as my pleasing and final duty, to hand over this Monument, duly finished, to the care of the Original and Auxiliary Committees, and to the Lord Provost and Magistrates of Edinburgh, as a testimony to the memory of the great Novelist and Minstrel, in whom Scotland and tbe Scottish Craft have been so highly honoured, and as an additional ornament to this beautiful and romantic city.*'
The Lord Provost, addressing Lord Glenlyon, said — "I congratulate you, the Most Worshipful Grand Master, and I congratulate the country- men of Sir Walter Scott, on now seeing placed on its pedestal, in this mag- nificent Monument, a Statue worthy of its shrine. The tribute of a Nation's gratitude to one of the most honoured of her sons, adds a new feature of beauty and of grace to his native City, but the halo of his genius sheds a far brighter lustre over the name of Edinburgh and of Scotland. As one burning torch not only illuminates the sphere of its own brightness, but kindles the latent fire in others, so who can tell how many dormant spirits have been roused to arduous and successful exertion by the honour- able example of Scott ; even here we see how the glowing genius of the Poet has stirred the soul of the Architect, and awakened the talents of the Sculptor, whose skilful ohissel has moulded the rude block into the all but breathing form and features of Scotland's darling son. While we lament the untimely fate of the gifted Architect, we rejoice in the growing vigour of our own citizen-Sculptor, — who, by this exquisite work of art, has given earnest of future production that will rival the works of the most celebrated artists of this or other Countries. The sister arts of architecture and sculpture here we with each other in presenting their richest ofierings to the genius of poetry, history, and romance, and they are themselves signally honoured in combining to honour him who has contributed so largely to the instruction and enjoyment of the human race. This Monument and Statue, admirable for beauty and dura- bility, I trust will long adorn our City ; but though they crumble into dust, the Author of Waverly has reared for himself Monuments of more surpassing beauty, and more lasting endurance, and more extensive celebrity. The forked lightning may dash these turrets to the ground.
TBB QlirrORY CP FREE HA80NIIT.
thr tooth of time will corrode tlioso mairble features, but over tljc Monti- tnentfi of bis mental cn>ati^n tbe c^lctmenU bare no power; theac will coa- Uquo to be LonouW at home, an J unrloT 4iatant and more geniitl ekiea. Cotitincittfl (w jct nticxploreU will be tau^bt hy tbt> wisjom of Scott aod ftulivL'ncJ by Lit* wit, «ml riT'or? unkDown to song will reeoand with tbe UyB of bid miutftreUy ; but nowbrro will bi^i memory be cboriaheJ wilb fonder ftttacUmeot and morti eDduring delight Umn in tlie dttcs add hamlt^te of bifl own belored liind/'
Tbt^ Hcvert^nd John [{(iy)o of Tortubcllo, tbe J tin j or Gmnd CbaplaiTif th^n detivertnl tbe following' Addroma : — " It now devolve* upon me^ Eiy Lordt to close tUlw deeply iuterwtlngj Cereroony^ aad la tbn* dis- ohwging my oflicial duly, 1 ara glad to be rejieved frcnu tbe neccaaity of occupying any coa«idcmble portion of tbe time of this vnet Assembly. Tbe approprtUrto prayer ai my r««prcted colieague — tbe euitiible remarka of oar Moat Worabijtful Gmud Mtwter, Lord Glonlyon — and tbo Kmiimonts wbioh bare lieeti eu gtuL'i^fully and toacbiogly nttered by your Lor^Itfblp, havo rcndcrcxl it aeeiilea^ for me to s&y more than that 1 feel it tu be no ordinary pnrU«igti to be culled apon to a^iet in bonoiiring the menmry uf one whoM» gbntutt b&n irradiated — wboiii-* writinga bavo immortalized — and wbovo virtue* Lave honoured Lln> land wbtch gsivo J»im birth ; aad in tbe name and on beba-lf of my native Country, I beg you to believe tliat, with whatever pride Scotland may mention the name of Walter Scott, England will never cease to connect with it sentiments of high approval — of grateful veneration^— and of lasting regard. It only remains, my Lord, that I invoke the blessing of Heaven upon the countless masses now assembled to pay so well-earned a tribute to tbe mighty Minstrel, whose almost breathing effigy has now been solemnly inaugurated,"* — and turning to the spectators, Mr Boyle pronounced the ^Benediction :' — " The peace of God whicb passeth all understanding, keep your hearts and minds in the knowledge and love of God, and of His Son Jesus Christ, our Lord : And the blessing of God Almighty, the Father, the Son, and tbe Holy Ghost, be amongst you, and remain with you always. — Amen."
** Kule Britannia" having been played by the Bands, upon a signal another salute was fired, terminating the proceedings, which through-
* [The Statue is a fine specimen of the talents of Steel (the Sculptor), cora- prising, as it does, not merely a mechanical likeness of the features, but a depth and vivacity of expression which embraces the mind. It gives a finish to the design, and heightens the effect of the Monument, which is a model of judgment^ taste, and architectural symmetry, of which every varied aspect discloses fresh beauties, and is truly a relic of departed genius. It excites a mixed feeling — admiration of tho talents and fancy of Brother Kemp (the Architect), who gave effect to so grand a conception, and of sympathy for his untimely fate. — E.]
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 265
oat had excited a lively interest in the community, all classes evinc- ing an anxioas disposition to join in this last tribate to the memory of so illustrious a man, endeared to many nut less by the recollection of his warm affections and social qualities, than by his unrivalled talents. It was a matter of gratification that the unique and splendid structure, so chaste in its design, and beautiful in it« proportions, was now completed, and that a memorial worthy of the great name and distinguish- ed claims of the illustrious Novelist now existed in the Metropolis of that Country which he has rendered so celebrated. To Scotland his mind and all the inspirations of his genius were ever devoted : Scotland was the inspiring theme which awakened all his sympathies : Her antiquities^ her scenery, her brilliant chivalry, her national character, her language, her manners, in all their delicate and fleeting shades, were not merely studied by him, they were the visions that possessed his fancy in that season when impressions are made on the mind which never decay, and which his whole after life accordingly was devoted to illustrate and adorn.
The Procession returned in inverted order to the High School, where the Grand Lodge, which had been opened there in ample form in the Hall, was now closed with solemn Prayer, and the usual formalities.
At the Quarterly Communication on 2d November, Brother Allan Macfarlan of Glensloy was appointed Provincial Grand Master of Southern Australia ; and Brother Alexander Hadden of Perseley, Pro- vincial Grand Master of the Aberdeen City Province.
At a prv re nata meeting held on the 16th November, Brother James Linning Woodman, C.S., was elected Grand Clerk by a majority of 190, in room of Brother John Maitland, resigned.
1846. November 30. The Most Noble George Augustus Frederick John, Duke of Athole, was elected Grand Master; the Honourable Robert Sandilands, Master of Torphichen, was appointed Provincial Grand Master of Linlithgowshire ; and Brother James Robertson chosen Grand Director of Ceremonies.
At the Quarterly Communication on 1st February 1847, Brother John Campbell Renton of Mordington was appointed Provincial Grand Master for Berwickshire, and Brother Sir Evan Mackenzie of Kilcoy, Bart., for Ross and Cromarty shires.
The Grand Lodge agreed to an interchange of Representatives with the Grand Lodge of England, and authorised a commission in favour of Brother John Maitland, (late Grand Clerk,) with the rank of a Junior Grand Warden, to bo expede, so soon as the Grand Lotlge of England should be prepared on its part to appoint a Representative to the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
nv BmJiMa B^BmhM lU oi>o o dock in il>« Mdm Halt, Owirg* Street, il it* taadral rad i^wMili- T1» Band of tlM7lHli tvupMlB tb* fiiUcry of tW UaU duia^ iW Mtmbtiiifi of tbt Li*dgi^ and pUv«d atunnUel/ wltlt tli« OfgM* Om ih^ cotreiue lii tlko AdMmUj Bmwm tli« Udioq J«ck «u vnipvibiBd, aad on the tliMi Mm* iaftBtihl «Uk l»&»crf were dj^pUjod; on whkh w^tv t&Acnb^l tLo naiDtf* of t^«» vw<Kii nulw&vi with wUicK iKi* CUe- ^-ftiihi^ hju> U mojvor Icn eociiMtteJ, %m aImi tli« ittflM» of llie DirMi- ton <# Um Compukj, ftod Uk« Eit^Deen ami Costnclun for the worlu 9D tbe Uoc. Tha nMt« of Ui« pKH»«ioii Imi ibo ^Fitsio Bsllf «Uii^ O«orfe Su^et, Fradenck Sirwi, au) Priacw Stroot^ u> tke Lodtiut Bttwir wv DnwL bjr Uie 3d Dn^OiOB OimrcLt^ Al twi^tj mifecttea pot two oVIock U*o proiNMOO moted oiT io ^^ foUowiog onler: — *
Dati-J of tbe TUtrU Drm^oon GoarJ*, pircfyding tbe followtog LttlgQs: —
Coltic, EtlinUtifgh oiul Ltitb,
Ktrmivn E^i^Iot limloi) by ihetr CliKtD]noii in tsompleto unMMtTj.
OD borscbettk.
Edinburgh Defensive Band. St Stephen, Edinburgh. St James, Edinburgh. St Andrew, Edinburgh. St Luke, Edinburgh. St David, Edinburgh. Kilwinning, Peebles. Ancient Brazen, Linlithgow.
Kilwinning, Dalkeith. Journeymen, Edinburgh. Kilwinning, Hamilton. Canongatc and Leith, Leith and
Canongate. Canongate Kilwinning. The Lodge of Edinburgh, Mary's
Chapel.
Proxies of various Daughter Lodges. Band of the 76th Foot.
TuE Grand Lodge of Scotland.
A
Grand Tyler. Grand Steward.
Compass. Grand Steward.
Square. Grand Steward.
Mallet. Grand Steward.
Band of Music. ( With Draum Swords,)
(With White Rods.) ( Carried by Operatives,)
Grand Tyler. Grand Steward.
Level. Grand Steward.
Plumb. Grand Steward. (Carried by an Operative,)
Grand Steward.
(Carried by Operatives.)
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 267
Silver Vase. Cornucopia. Silver Vase.
Grand Steward. Grand Steward.
Grand Director of Ceremonies. Grand Bard. Grand Director of Music. Grand Steward. Grand Steward.
Architect.
Grand Steward. Grand Steward.
( Ushtr of WhiU Rod,) Grand Bible Bearer. ( Usher of WhUe Hod.)
Grand Chaplain in his Gown.
Grand Steward. Sen. G. Deacon. Jun. G. Deacon. Grand Steward.
Grand Secretary. Grand Clerk.
Grand Steward. Grand Steward.
Senior Grand Warden. {WUh Batons.) Junior Grand Warden.
Grand Steward. Grand Steward.
Depute Grand Master. Substitute Grand Master.
Grand Steward. Grand Steward. Grand Steward.
Grand Sword Bearer. The Most Worshipful the Grand Master.
Grand Steward, 1^ Master of Grand Stewards, j Grand Steward,
..rr. r. , . \ (OatTi/ing Grund Moster's Eod.)] ,,^7 „ , i (White Bod, J M ^ ^ ^l (While Bod J
Grand Steward. Grand Steward. Grand Steward.
Mounted Escort of Third Dragoon Guards.
The ground was judiciously appropriated to the accommodation of the company, three sides of the area being fitted with largo and secure platforms, adorned with various flags.
The Brethren having taken their places, the Band played the National Anthem, the company remaining uncovered, after which an impressive prayer was offered up by the Grand Chaplain.
The Grand Secretary then deposited in the cavity of the stone a glass bottle, hermetically scaled, containing the various current coins of the present reign ; the Act of Parliament constituting the Caledonian Rail- way Company; the names of the Directors of the Company; a list of the Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, together with a copy of the last Annual Circular issued by the Grand Lodge; a copy of the Scottish Railway Gazette, Edinburgh Courant, and Caledonian Mercury, with a copy of Oliver and Boyd's Edinburgh Almanack for 1847 ; after which the Grand Clerk placed a plate of copper over the cavity, oh which was the following inscription : —
tK THft Qrfrrony of vuwe »a.*i?#iiv.
of the
Calbpokun R^iLA^AT Statiok,
ttt
THR EofNnUKfUf TliKMIXUS,
Wiu laid with Masonic^ Hououru on tLe IKh (lay of April 1847|
In tho Tfiitii Year of the UvIj^q uf
Qltrkn VitrroutA,
by
TiTU GuA^D LoDQE or Scotland,
J Its Grace ibo ht^K^ of Atjtole, GmnJ Master Ma^ua^
AMi«teil t»y the other OlGcers of the timtjtl Lud^,
m presence of
The Lonl Provost and Ma^'Utmt«0 of KdJoburgh,
and
TlkC Directors of th« Culotloninn Railwityp
Willfara Tite, Esq. J Lcmdon, Aiicbitcct.
Joseph Locke and John Edward Erring ton, Kttqniren^ Eogineorft.
John OollUter, Esq., Kt>3]dcrnt Kuj^ineer,
Meflcin Joha St^^pht^nson and Co., Contnu!t<^rfl.
Meaftra Hope^ OUphant, and Mackay, W.S.j Solidti>ra*
The stone was then lowered, the Band playing the Masonic Anthem, and the square, plummet, and level, having been respectively applied to it, the Most Worshipful the Grand Master said it now remained for him to finish this new work, which he did by the usual ceremony of three strokes of the mallet. Immediately after, the cornucopia was handed to his Grace; who strewed the corn it contained on the top of the stone, and also poured upon it wine and oil, praying that the Great Archi- tect of the Universe would bless the work which was now commenced, and that through His almighty protection it might remain to future generations as an evidence of that day's labour. His Grace next addressed the Chairman and Directors as follows : —
" Mr Chairman and Directors, —
" Allow me to congratulate you on the commencement of the splendid edifice you contemplate erecting here. I need not on this occasion enter upon the merits of the Caledonian Railway ; they re- commend themselves, and no words of mine can in any way enhance the value of such a line of railway, which is intended to open up a communication between Scotland and the metropolis of England. I shall therefore restrict myself to a very few words in allusion to
THE UI8TORY OP FREE MASONRY. 26D
the work which we have this day commeDced by laying the Foun- datioD-stone of the Station here. Mr Chairman and Directors, it was with great satisfaction that I examined your plans and elevations, which were submitted to me early this morning. I must say that these do the utmost credit, not only to the architect, but to you. I am aware that you have manifested much anxiety that the edifice should be every way worthy of this great Metropolis and of your Company, and you have spared neither trouble nor expense in effecting this purpose. I under- stand that the building is the design of Mr Tite, the eminent architect, the same who drew the plan of the Royal Exchange, London ; and, so far as I am able to judge, they fully sustain the credit of that distin- guished individual, while they reflect honour on the Directory by whom his plans were adopted. The building just commenced will be an addi- tion to the many splendid edifices already existing in this city. The last time I had the honour of appearing in public in Edinburgh was at the ceremony of the Inauguration of the Monument to the late Sir Walter Scott ; and when this building is completed it will prove another ornament to the capital of Scotland. Allow me to say I have had the greatest gratificati6n in appearing here to-day, and taking part in the business in which we have been engaged. I must once more congratu- late you on this auspicious event ; no one I can assure you has a greater desire for the success of the Caledonian Railway, or would more cordially aid in promoting its prosperity than myself, and I once more beg to say that I wish all possible prosperity to this National undertaking.*'
John James Hope Johnstone, Esq. of Annandale, M.P., the Chair- man of the Company, then addressed the Most Worshipful the Grand Master in the following terms : — " In the name of the Directors of the Caledonian Railway Company, and all those who are engaged in carry- ing out this great work, I beg to return your Grace and the other Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland our sincere and grateful thanks for the honour you have done us in attending this day to com- plete the ceremony of laying the Foundation-stone of our Station here. We have felt indeed, that whatever privileges the Company may possess, that these also are attended with important duties ; and we have en- deavoured to find plans for our building here on a scale that will do no discredit to the magnificence of this great city. We thought the best course for us to follow was to place ourselves in the hands of a gentle- man of professional eminence, and at once commit the plans to his care, with the complete security that by so doing we would attain what we desired. We have heard, with the most sincere satisfaction, that after having examined the plans of Mr Tite, your Grace and the Grand Lodge of Scotland felt that they were worthy of your approbation. Yon
may rotit a^nrod ibftt it is Uie mo^t anxious wish of tlie Directore tl tbis groat unilertnking may Ixs brought into operation iJi a manuer liffording tlio most cotupleto acxromTOoJation to tbe public. W^ foel tLmt W(i i^e Eionnd t^i attend to tbe wAata, and consult tJio intoreata of o^rory ct&as of ttocioty, und f tru&t when onr own arrangements are complctoi], tb<? liuo will l>e found not only to add to the prospority of tbia city but to Scotland nt \iirgCi. Form it rnc agniii to return oar sincoro nnd gratt^ fnl tbnnka for tlio honour which your Grace and tbo Monibers of tl Onind Lodgv hav<? done ua iu ul tending on this occasion."
Mr John SrKPiiK^wjN, tljo Contractor of tbo Works, having briefly addressed tbo asaembjy, and the ceromonioa conncctt+d with laying the Koundation-atcno being oouiplcted, tbe Proccsaion movod ofT in reverai* order to tbo Music Hatl, whore tbo Lodges partook of a reftrctiou^ and Grand Lodge waf closed with thti usual :MdemnitiC9t
At the Quarterly Commnnication on 3d May a letter from Brother Em, I). Faure, of the Lodge United Brx^tbers, Trinidad, in relation to tbo TnfibiUution of Higbt VVurshipful Masters, hadng been read und con- fiblorud^ the Gmnd Lodg« pronouncod the following delivoniuoo : —
" Tbe Grand Lodge of Scot] an dj ainco its establlehment, boa nevi acVnowlodgod^ as connectnl with St John's Masonry^ any degret\ or I of any degree, but those imparted to every Master Mason, Fol- low-Craft, and Entered Apprentice, and reiterates her injunctions to all Provincial Grand Masters not to permit any other to be practised in the Lodges under them in their respective Provinces. The Grand Lodge farther considers every Master Mason qualified to be elected to, and fill the Chair as Right Worshipful Master, without receiving any additional degree or secrets whatever, and that it is inconsistent with the Grand Lodge Laws to require such. The Grand Lodge farther declares, that the Installation of the whole Office-bearers, including the Master, ought to take place in a just and perfect Lodge, opened in the Apprentice degree, where at least three Masters, two Fellow-Crafts, and two Ap- prentices must be present ; or, failing Craftsmen and Apprentices, the same number of Masters, who for the time being are held to be only of these degrees."
The prayer of a Petition from certain Brethren in Montreal, for the erection of a new Lodge there, under the style and title of " The Elgin Lodge of Montreal," was unanimously granted, as was also that from various Brethren in Edinburgh, for the erection of another Lodge in that city, under the style and title of " The Lodge St Clair, Edinburgh."
The Grand Clerk, seconded by the Grand Secretary, having moved at the Quarterly Communication in January last that the Fees on Charters should be reduced from L.21 to L.iO, 10s., the motion was at this meet-
rut
the
er to
or I
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 271
ing unanimously carriod, and the dues reduced accordingly. The thanks of the Grand Lodge were at the same time voted to the Grand Clerk and Grand Secretary for the very handsome and disinterested manner in which they had brought forward this motion.
The unanimous thanks of the Grand Lodge were at the same time voted to the Right Worshipful Master, GfBce-hearers, and Members of the Lodge Kilwinning-in-the-East, Calcutta, for the kind and fraternal feelings evinced by them to the distressed in the hour of need, in trans- mitting to the Grand Secretary the sum of L.34, 5s. towards the miti- gation of the destitution in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland.
At the meeting of Grand Committee on 11th May, the Rev. the Grand Chaplain was appointed to consecrate the Lodge St Clair, Edinburgh, on such a day as would be most suitable to the Members thereof.
At a pro re nata meeting held on Slst May, Brother Archibald Alison, (now Sir Archibald Alison, Bart.,) was appointed Provincial Grand Master of the City of Glasgow Province^ and at a Special meeting of the Grand Lodge, held in Glasgow on the 1st June, his Installation took place in the Trades* Hall, the Most Worshipful the Grand Master presiding. Upwards of 500 Brethren attended a Festival in the evening in celebration of the occasion.
At the Quarterly Communication on 2d August, the Lodge '^Scoon and Perth," No. 3, which had been for many years erroneously desig- nated as " Perth and Scoon," in the Roll of the Grand Lodge, was, on Petition, ordered to be recognised in future by its correct appellation.
The Charters to the Lodges " Hope," Kurrachee, Scinde, and " Per- severance,** Bombay, granted by Brother James Burnes, K.H., in virtue of his commission to that effect, were confirmed at the Quarterly Com- munication on 8th November.
This year*6 Obituary contained the names of Brother William Downe Gillon of Wallhouse, Provincial Grand Master of Linlithgowshire ; Brother Patrick Maxwell Stewart, M.P., Provincial Grand Master of West Renfrewshire, who was the fourth member of his family who had filled that office in regular succession ; and Brother Major D. Denchar, late of the 1st or Rojral Regiment of Foot, for many years an able and efilicient member of the Grand Lodge.
1847. November 30. The Most Noble George Augustus Frederick John, Duke of A thole, was re-elected Grand Master.
At the Quarterly Communication on 7th February 1848, a revised edition of the Laws and Constitutions of the Grand Lodge was unani- mously approved of, and the sanction of the Grand Lodge ordered to be
prciixi>(] tliereto. Thli eiUiion embraces the EnactmenU parsed maco 1836, boaidea many new Regulations; and tbe Intr\>cIuctiOiD auti Appen* dix contain much ^tilitionii,! valuable and interesting tnattct- A a tbia Id the code by wliich ftli Daughter Lodgos arc uow gororned, and nn tbc rnlw themn hud down are ap ^ell ItnowTi, furtbcr remarks opon tii« vnnoue judlcioua alteratioua thereoa in deonied suporflu^us ; but aa ae«liou ti of Cbap, XJX *bows tlic ticcrsiity for rt^gnkrity nn thf? part of Sul>OT<Hnatc Lml^cjt hi rcttirnin;Nf far rt'gUtratiou to the Gtund Lod^ the nsinira of all BrcthrtfU inittaU^d tbemtir uud na it a provlttjons^ wlitoh t-utitiot be ioa widely Uiiown or ]>rot]ipt1ji' acted upon, arc tif primary tmportaut^j to 11 u fortunately a lar^e class of the Craft> or of tlj08e whoso wdfan> li bound np in theirs^ it^ iti^crtion in thia place is deemed bi>tb a doty and a worvi«<*- It providoa ay^ follows : —
** No CkdriO/ petition can bf rec^iveil [by the Fund of Biwttieh Maflonif! Uoacvoleuue] frortt any 2if*oOurr t^hraf tiam^ « not ^trotied in thK booht 0/ t/itf Grand Lotijt^ or frum th6 Widow or ChUd of ettek BrotUrr
Qurtrto Presentation Copies of the Now Laws and Constitutions were voted to the Moat WoTwhipful the Grand Master, the Depute and Sub- Biitute Grand I^Iastcrsi, tbe Senior and Juittor Grand Wardcna, and to tbe Grand lt\>i\g^A of Eugiland and Ireland^ tbe Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Scotland, <fec.
At this meeting an interchange of Representatives with the Grand Lodge of Hesse Darmstadt was agreed to. On making this suggestion the Lodge of Hessse Darmstadt at the same time transmitted a handsome copy of their Laws for presentation to the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
His Grace the Duke of Athole, accompanied by the Office- Bearers of the Grand Lodge, paid a Grand Visitation on 14th April to the Lodge Journeymen, No. 8, and were received by the Right Worshipful Master thereof, and his Wardens and Brethren, with every mark of Masonic respect; on leaving. His Grace expressed himself highly gratified with his reception, and the very exemplary and efficient working of the Lodge.
On 26th September the Foundationnstrme of the New Sessional School, Canongate, was laid with Masonic Honours, under sanction of the Grand Lodge, by the Right Worshipful Master of the Lodge St Stephen, No. 145.
At the Quarterly Communication on 6th November a Charter was granted to certain Brethren in Halifax for the erection of a new Lodge there, under the style and title of the " Burns Lodge of Halifax, Nova Scotia."
A quarto copy of the new edition of the Grand Lodge Laws was ordered to be presented, with a suitable inscription, to Brother Stewart
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 273
Watson, in appreciation of his liberal donation of 250 copies of tlie Most Worehipfiil the Grand Master's portrait, which had been inserted as a most appropriate frontispiece into the said quarto edition.
The following Provincial Grand Masters (in addition to Sir Archi- bald Alison, whose installation has been already noticed) were appoinir ed in the course of this year, viz. — Sir Michael Robert Shaw Stewart, Bart., of Ardgowan, to Die Province of West Renfrew ; James Duff, Esq , M.P., (now Earl of Fife,) to the Province of Banff; John Dalrymple, Esq., M.P., (now Viscount Dalrymple,) to that of Wigton and Kirkcud- bright ; Dr James M'Fadyen, Kingston, to Jamaica ; and the Honour- able Alexander Keith, Halifax, for Nova Scotia, &c.
1848. November 30. The Most Noble George Augustas Frederick John, Duke of Athole, Grand Master. Brother Andrew Murray was elected Grand Sword Bearer.
The Festival of St Andrew was celebrated in the evening as usual, in the course of which Brother W. A. Laurie, Grand Secretary, present- ed to the Grand Lodge on behalf of Brother Bredenberg of Stockholm, a Swedish Masonic Stiver Medal, bearing a beautiful medallion likeness of the late King Charles (John) XIV, commemorative of His Majesty when Grand Master and Protector of the Grand Lodge of Sweden, which was instituted about a century ago under the auspices, and by warrant from, the Grand Lodge of Scotland. At the suggestion of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master the thanks of the Grand Lodge were unanimously voted to Brother Bredenberg for his fraternal donation. A similar gift from the present King of Sweden was presented on behalf of His Majesty to the Grand Lodge by the Grand Secretary at the Quarterly Communi- cation on 7th May 1 849^ for which the most grateful thanks of The Grand Lodge were returned Co His Majesty for the fraternal and condescending remembrance bestowed by him on the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
At the Quarterly Communication on 5th February 1849, The Right Honourable Charles, Earl of Aboyne, was appointed Provincial Grand Master for West Aberdeenshire. A Charter was of this date granted to the Lodge '* Kilwinning-in-tho-East," Calcutta, and on the 8th one to the Lodge " Caledonian Railway, Edinburgh."
At this meeting the Grand Lodge expressed the feeling of deep regret with which they now heard of the death of Brother William Campbell, President of the Board of Grand Stewards, and Proxy Master of the Lodge St James, Doune, a devoted and upright Member of the Craft, who for upwards of half a century had been connected with th« Grand Lodge, and liad on all occasions zealously promoted tlie best interests of the Order.
]8
274 TDtt niSTORY OP FREB HAHONftT,
On 16tli Jane, tliQ Lod^o St Joliu, DuoforinlmA, waa aaUionsoJ to preside at tbo Iniiugunitm of tbe f^Ut1la orecl^ tbero to tbe motnfiry of tbe Hev. Ralph Erftkine>
At the Quarterly Uommunication oi> 6tK Angtist, tbe Founcbtiou* etose of tbo Barony Pari^b Vw*t9 Jfoiisc^ Glnsj^ow, woa autburiAed to be tai<l by tbe rroviueial timmi Mast^-r <i the City of Gluog^w Province; unJ [mwor wtidi ut tbo emuc tiitie given bim to rvv^ive tbe ajbeeioft to^ tbo UrHiuI I.»lge of Scotlafi<t of tbe Lodge of tila^gow, St Jobn* who * cUimo^l to lioltl a Cliart<^r from Malcolm Canniorc, Kin^' of Scotliitid J
Oti tOtb Sc|itemW, th<^ valuable itud unique MaBonio Libmry eol^ loclLvt by tbe Urot^w*^*! Dr Chark^ J^furt^oti of OreenBel'l, Pbytacian to tbe Kcjrcee, aud wblch was prei^eutivl to the Grand Lodge of Scotland hy Wis widoWr wa« received by tbe Grand Secretary, along with tUo fol- lowing; Jotter of prwcntfttioQ ; —
"SiTt, — It Wild tbe wi«h of my late lamented hu:dbn.nd^ Dr Cbarloe Morisonj that bia collection of Ma^^tmio Book^ :ind Mtvim*crii>tif, whicli hHM o<'cupieil tbo last twi'iUy-fivt) yisirs of bii^ llf*?, should at his doeease be prraerved intitctj and that the same should if po^ble bocomo the property of tbe Grand Lodge of Scotland, altbongb he loft no direction to that effect. It is therefore a melancholy satisfaction to me to pay respect to what I understood his wishes to be ; and in compliance with them, I beg to present such Masonic Library to the Grand Lodge of Scotland, upon condition that the same be preserved intact ; that none of the Books or Manuscripts be sold or destroyed, but that any that may be declined by the Grand Lodge be returned to me.
"If the offering prove acceptable to the Grand Lodge, and to the Brethren at large, I shall be satisfied that I have done what I know would be agreeable to my husband. The Grand Lodge having ex- pressed a wish to possess a likeness of my husband, I beg leave to inform you that I have an excellent miniature of him, which I will either have
V [This ancient Lod^e which, hetween the years 1626 onH 1628, had joined with the other Lodges then existing in Scotland, viz : — "The Lodge of Edin- hurgh. The Lodge of Ayre, The Lodge of Stirlinge, The Lodge of Dunfermlinge, The Lodge of Sant Androis, and The Lodgf of Dundee," — in granting a Charter to Sir William St Clair of " Ilosling," but ^hich "Lodge of Glasgow" had not, at the time of remodelling The Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1736, joined that body, — was received into full comnmnion with the Grand Lodge at the Quarterly Communication on 6th May 1860, and a place corresponding with its antiquity, compared with that of other Lodges in the Glasgow Province, assigned to it on the Koll of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, viz. No. 3-*. — E.]
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 275
copied for the Grand Lodge, or by my Will I will beqaeath to the Brethren. *
" Mr de Bernardy, who was a friend of my late husband, and who kindly takes charge of the books to present in my name, knows exactly my wishes and feelings, and will act for me in all respects as I would myself. — I am, Sir, your's obediently,
" Emily Morison, No. 1 9, Quai Malaquaie. " To the Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Scotland."
To which communication the Grand Lodge sent the following reply :—
''Edinburgh, December 14, 1849.
" Madam, — The very handsome present which, by your letter of 24th August last, you were pleased to make to the Grand Lodge of Scotland^ of the extensive, rare, and most valuable Masonic Library collected by your late husband Dr Charles Morison of Greenfield, was officially inti- mated to the Grand Lodge at its Quarterly Communication on 5th ultimo.
" Be assured that the Grand Lodge is deeply sensible of the extreme liberality on your part, which has dictated the bestowal of this gift, and while it justly prizes and has reason to be proud of the unique collection of books which it can now call its own, it must ever highly value that Library, not only from respect to yourself, the donor, but in remembrance of the eminent Brother through whose indefatigable zeal, industry, and untiring perseverance, so varied a collection has been gathered together.*
"The Grand Lodge, at the Quarterly Communication referred to, readily undertook to redeem the pledge come under to you on its behalf by the Grand Committee, viz. — that your wishes and those of Dr
^ [The original Miniature was subsequently presented by Mrs Morison, and is no «f in possession of the Grand Lodge. — E.]
■ [** Le Franc Magon,** a Monthly Review, published in Paris (March and April 1849), in an article by Jos6phe on the late Brother Morison, stated that he had refused 12,000 francs (L.500 sterling) for his Library. The Librarian who wished to buy it from him owned that it was worth 20,000 francs (L.833:68:8d).
Charles Morison was bom on the Estate of Greenfield, near Alloa, on the Ist January 1780, of a family of noble origin. He studied Medicine at Edin- burgh, and served as Surgeon in the 10th Ilussars, commanded by His Royal Highness Tlie Prince of Wales (afterwards George IV). In the campaigns in Spain, which he made with his Regiment, he showed numerous examples of^ humanity in lavishing his care on the wounded of every Nation. When the war ceased he was placed on hnlf-pay, when, after travelling in Switzerland and Italy, he settled in France, where he lived twenty-seven years. —E.]
t7t TUB nnmmr or tuee kaboziat.
lifortMO, 64 exproMed In your letter of J2ltk Anjziut, mm to tbo Ulmty b«aiif pre^ervetl intnct^ vhtfuld be rigidly ftilherL^l to.
" I am rc^QCAteil ty the Gmnd Lod^ U> otTor to yoa il« ampere ■jvip«ibjr oti tho oc«aflioD of tli« afflicting bcr«&r«ni«&| witli wLidi tJi« Great Architect of tbo Univ«rve lately mw flt to TjMt you,— «iid I anij M Ai>AMj yoor moflt obedient,
<5i|^eU) ** Atuole,
'' Ontmd Ma^€r Mourn t^S&tiand. ** Mrs M orison, Qua! HaLai^aaiA, No. 19, P»HaL"
Brother Willtam LockIi;irt of Milton*Lockhartf M.P., w&^ apiiointedj at th(* Qniirt^rly (^^in muni cation on 5th NorcmWr^ ProTincial Ot^tid Mi*t^r of i\m Upp^r WurrJ of Lnnartehircrf and w&8 ituitalted at tfttmrk Ly % Deputation from the Onmd Lodge on tho 29tb of that montli, b prateoee of % niim«roo« ftttondanoe of the Brethren of tlio dt^tfict^ whrD an efficient st^ff was organi^eevl by the new FroTiaoiil^ OiMid M&ater, »o a« to plEu^e hie ProTincaAl Grand Lodge in that pOAtios ! whioh U 00 essential to the interests of the CrvXt throughout the Pro- Tinco* 1
1849. NovraniKR 30. The Most Noble George Au^stu? Fredeticlt John, Dake of Athole, Grand Master.
At the Qoarterly Commanication on 4th Febroary 1850, Brother The Rev. David Amot, D.D., one of the Ministers of the High Ghnrch, Edinburgh, was appointed conjunct Grand Chaplain (id inteirim, in room of Brother the Rev. John Boyle, resigned.
On 6th May Brother Philip William Le Geyt was appointed Provincial Grand Master of Western India, in room of Brother James Bumes, K.H., resigned, on account of his return to this country; and Brother Florentine Grillet was appointed Provincial Grand Master of the Republic of Colombia, ^ in room of Brother Jos^ Gabriel Nunez, resigned, — to both retiring Provincial Grand Masters the thanks of the Grand Lodge were unanimously accorded for the zealous discharge of their duties whilst in office.
The sum of L.20 was voted at this meeting for the purchase of a copy of the portrait of William St Clair of Rosslin, the last Hereditary Grand Master. The portrait, which was considered a desirable addition to the properties of the Grand Lodge, was copied by Brother Stewart Watson from the original in St John's Chapel, in the possession of the Lodge Canongate Kilwinning.
^ [Changed, by sanction of the Grand Lodge on 3d February 1851, to " Guayana in Venezuela." — E.]
THE HISTORY OF FBEB MASONRY. 277
The Grand Lodge, attoDded by a nnmber of the Brethren, patronised the Theatre-Royal on the CTening of the 9th May, the performances on that occasion being for the benefit of Brother Wyndham.
At the Quarterly Commnnication on 5th August, Brother Sir Alexander C. Gibson-Maitland, Bart, was appointed Provincial Grand Master of Stirlingshire, in room of Brother Lord Abercromby resigned, to whom the Grand Lodge awarded a vote of thanks for his past services.
A Charter was expede at this meeting in fevour of the Lodge " Felix, " Aden, Arabia.
On 4th November a Brother being desirous to take his seat in Grand Lodge as Right Worshipful Master of his Lodge, there being at the time a Proxy Master on the Roll and present in Grand Lodge who had been commissioned to represent it, and whose commission had not been cancelled or withdrawn on one or other of the St John's Days, as re- quired by Laws, Chap, xviii, sect. 6, it was held to be incompetent for him to do so until the commission in favour of the Proxy Master should be regularly annulled. The Grand Lodge also held that the portion of Laws, Chap, xviii, sect I, requiring Masters and Wardens of Country Lodges, intending personally to represent their respective Lodges in Grand Lodge, ''to give notice of such intention to the Grand Clerk at least one month before such meetings are held,'* — only applied to the case of Lodges which had not appointed a Proxy, and not to the case of a Lodge which had a duly accredited represen- tative.
The Grand Secretary having read a letter of resignation of the Grand Chaplainship from Brother the Very Worshipful Alexander Stewart of Douglas, the Grand Lodge, in accepting the same, ordered a vote of thanks to be recorded to that Brother, in testimony of their appred- ation of his past services. The thanks of the Grand Lodge were also awarded to Brother J. F. Cooke, Past Provincial Grand Master of the Bahamas, for his efficient services while Provincial Grand Master of that district ; and Brother the Honourable James Jarrett was appointed his successor.
The unwarranted establishment of a Lodge at Amsterdam, styled " Post Nubila Lux," was notified in a communication read at this meet- ing, from His Royal Highness Prince Frederic of the Netherlands, and this breach of Masonic discipline was subsequently intimated to all the Lodges under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, so that no members of the said pretended Lodge might be acknowledged by Brethren belonging to Scottish Masonry.
TAB mHTORT OV »REK »A«Cnvftl'.
Till* yisat an lotefchang© of Ropreafeutativea with tbf Omnd Oridot f>i llie N^lhvrlandrt waw agreed t/> ; and fraternul commaiiicfktiona eetiln lieboi) witb tbo 5wi«is Graud LoJgo Alpm^i.
Atiion^st tbo prowoU to Grand Lodg^o was n *^ Provincial Comnuflsjoii hy Eurl Fumfts nnd thn Gmnd Ltvdge of En^'hnd to Hie Erc<3lloncy Bob<»rt Melville^ Citptain-OcncmJ and Governor- in -Cbief of the Corribfl« Iflland*, diit<?d 17C4/' pretsent<^ by Brotber J, Wbyte MuKille, Uoputo Grand Mn^sitoiT ; odiI & *' QolWliun of Maaomi^ Soug« by Jitine« CitlJ«ndiir, MnAt'cr Mo^DD of St David'« Lodg^, Ediaburgb, No, U^. Edtuburf^b, 1755,** presented by DariJ Luing, lie<|.. Signet Library* Th&nk^ woro VDt«d to huiii dQUorit.
1S50. DECEiiBKH 2* TLc Mont Nob1« Qeori^ Aug^vtutt FrtrilertrJc Jofaot Duke of AtlKilo, Gmnd Maxtor. Tho Rov. David Arnot, D.Dp^ wjM oloctod Ghind Cbn plain, and David Bryoc, Grand Ambit«ct.
At tbc Qaart<?rly Conunuaicn^tioii «m 3d Fobruiiry DJ,>I, on a Beport Ufin^' brougbt up to tbo Gmnd Lodf,** by tbo Grund Committee i» reference to ennUry Lo<lgc* in tbo City of Glsw^ow rroviiioo, tie tbanka i>f tho Gmnd Lodge wcro ordt^rcd to bo givrn ■« tcritint^ to Drotboi' Dr Wulker-Arnott, Substitute Provtndid Gmnd M^LMler^ Glas^w, for tbo grt^at kbour^ cure, and Mtlotitlon, ^-blcb bo biff WMimtWnh T^Tlf*^ ^ gatioDS connected with the Glasgow Lodges^ and for the comprehensive Reports which he had framed.
Upon consideriag a Report upon Masonic Clubs and the issuing of unauthorised Circulars, the Grand Lodge strictly prohibited any un- authorised Masonic body or individual from issuing circulars regard* ing Masonic affairs to any of the Lodges in Scotland, under pain of sus- pension from Masonic privileges, or expulsion from the Order. With regard to Masonic Clubs, the Committee recommended that they should at once be disowned and prohibited, being not only an infringement of the Act 39 George III, cap. 79, but adverse to a leading principle in Masonry, viz. — the promotion of unanimity, and a violation t»f the " Ancient Customs " which countenance no meetings apart from those in an ordinary Mason Lodge, a Provincial Grand Lodge, or in a warranted Lodge of Instruction. Accordingly, the Grand Lodge authorised the Grand Secretary to issue a letter to every Lodge under her jurisdiction, announcing her prohibition of these or similar meetings. The following passage of this letter contains both the res gestae of the Report by the Grand Committee and the prohibition of the Grand Lodge : —
" The Grand Lodge has learned with much surprise and regret tbo existence, without her autltority^ of Masonic Clubs or private meetings, said to be held for the purpose of Masonic instruction ; those unauthorised
TUB HISTORY OF PREB MASONRY. 2T9
meetings are hereby prohibited and denounced as not only unnecessary but quite at variance with the true spirit and practice of Masonry, and subversive of that discipline, allegiance, and respect which all well-con- ducted Brethren owe to the Grand Lodge, the neglect of which in other Countries has led to the most disastrous consequences to the Craft. The Grand Lodge therefore earnestly calls upon all good Masons to aid and assist in discountenancing, and forbidding to be continued any longer, as Members, those belonging to such Clubs or Meetings as are held otU of a regularly constituted and tyled Lodge, — such couduct being a decided breach of Masonic Discipline, and subject to the penal- ties above stated. By the correction of such abuses the Grand Lodge will be enabled to keep inviolate that sacred pledge which, as the Guardian of the Craft, she, for the peace and good order of Society, has come under to the Government of the Country. The Grand Lodge or Grand Committee will grant temporary Warrants, gratis, for holding Lodges of Instruction in any District or Province, when a majority of the Masters therein shall petition for them."
On the motion of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master a new class of Members was introduced at this Communication into the Grand Lodge, viz. — ** Honorary Members,*' and the rank was at the sametime conferred upon His Majesty the King of Sweden, and upon His Royal Highness Prince Frederic of the Netherlands, both presiding respec- tively over the Grand Lodges in these countries, i
Brother R. W. Jameson a was appointed Grand Bard, in room of Brother Robert Giltillau, deceased. »
^ [The nomination of Honorary Members is vested in the Grand Master alone, each nomination being subject to confirmation by the Grand Lodge; they take precedence immediately after the Depute Grand Master, but liave no vote ; neither is the apron nor cordon of the Grand Lodge conferred on them, their distinctive decoration being a badge worn as a medal on the breast.— E.]
» [Author of " Timoleon," Ac, Ac— E.J
' [Robert Gilfillan was born in Dunfermline on the 7th July 1798. In 1811 be left Donfermline for Leith, where he served an apprenticeship as a cooper. On returning to his native place in 1818 he was employed as a shopman for several years. During this portion of his life he composed some of his finest songs ; <' Fare -thee- well, for I must leave thee," was a production of this period. Brother Gilfillan afterwards returned to Leith, where he long occupied a responsible place as confidential clerk in a wine merchant's estab- lishment, and was ultimately appointed to a public situation, the duties of which ho continued to discharge till his death, which touk place suddenly on the 4th December 1850. Brother Gilfillan was never married ; but to his brother's orphan family he fulfilled all the duties of a father. Of a kiudly and amiable disposition, he was much sought after as a companion, and his deatji
J60 TUE iiiBToair ow trkk mason Kr> ^^^^^
nn>tlier the Ifonoumblo Aitgusttia Q* Y. Jocolyn was nppoint^l f[oi«r()HcntatiYn from i\i\a Gmtid LoJ^o to the Orauil Ludgfl oi IrcUnd.
On 4 til Ftibnmry tlio first of a »enoej of MuwuSu BttlLi toiik place iu (ho Asi^cmbly HootuKj Edkiibtirgti. Tb« Masonic decorations wcro tioth WiUiaot flnij eflbctivoi &ud tLo whole &rT&Dgpm(mts wore on n walo worthy of tlio craft, *
A Cliurtcr vrna c^xpode on tlie I Otb MarcL in favour of tho LoJgo ** St Andrew/* Quebpti, with precedence from 5tb Novt^mW 1849, being the date wb(?na warrant wiw first ftpplicJ for; since which time tho Lodge hml boon working under a disiwiwation from tbo Provincial Gmad : Mnjitcr. *
On tho J Otb March tho Moat Worshipful tho Grand MnflUr, accom- p&uiod by tbo Grand OlftcCHbcarcn^ and. a great nnmber of the Brethren, attended tho Th(*atr*wR<>3?^l^ Edinburgh, the pcrfonijanoctf (nnder Iho Patroua^ of tbo Muni Worahipfn) tho Gmnd Miw!l4^r and tb^& GiMid , Tiodge of Seotlandj) haliig fur tbo benefit of Brother VV. H* Murray, the Manngeff on bia rettral from tho at&go after a sorrice of forty-two yeskn. Tbr bouAG was crowded to oxcosi;^ In tho coumo of tbc evening liti Address wa^ doIiTCTetJ by Brother Murray, and an appropriate lulditioa (compoeed by the Intern Qmud Bftrd) ho tho National Anthem wau siiBg by the Coaipany.
On tho 12th, Hia Graco, attended by several of the Office-bearers and Brethren^ paid a Masonic Visit to tbe Lodge Canongate and Leith, Leith and Canongate, No. 5, and were most warmly received by the Right Worshipful Master and Brethren of that Lodge, and by the mem- bers of Lodges present on tho occasion. The Grand Master daring his risit ddivered a most appropriate Masonic Charge, and expressed him- self as highly satisfied with the efficient working of the Lodge.
An application having been made by Brother Dr Strang, City Cham- berlain, on behalf of the Lord Provost of Glasgow and the Glasgow Bridge Trustees, requesting the Most Worshipful the Grand Master and the Grand Lodge to lay the Foundation-stone of the Victoria Bridge, Glasgow, designed to occupy the site of the old Stockwell Bridge in that city, the interesting ceremony took place on Wednesday the 9th April, in presence of a vast assemblage of the Brethren and an immense number of spectators.
excited a feeling of sorrow throughout a largo circle of friends, besides that much wider circle to which, if not personally familiar, he was at all events well known as the author of some of the sweetest and most popular songs of which our native modem muse can boast. — E.]
^ [Since the above date these Balls have taken place annually, the surplus being devoted in aid of the Fund of Scottish Masonic Benevolence. — E.]
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 281
The various Lodges began to assemble in tbe Cathedral about half- past eleven. As they arrived they were marshalled auder the orders of Captain Smart, on each side of the centre aisle. After the various Civio Bodies had taken their places, the several Lodges marched into the body of the Church, which was so densely crowded that several of them were obliged to remain in the nave during tbe service.
The members of the Grand Lodge having attired themselves in the Chapter-house, where the Grand Lodge was opened in ample form by the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, his Grace, accompanied by Sheriff Alison, Sir William Miller of Glenlee, Sir James Campbell, Professor Walker-Amott, and other Office-bearers, took their places in the front seat of the south gallery, opposite the side of the pulpit^ a few minutes past twelve.
Brother the Rev. John Leckie having given out the ld3d Psalm, after a suitable prayer, delivered an eloquent sermon from Ephesians V, verse 2, — " And walk in love, even as Christ also bath loved us." After prayer and the benediction, the various Lodges and Civio Bodies were again marshalled, and marched out by the great western door of the Cathedral down the High Street, along George Street, down Buchanan Street, and up Argyll Street to Stockwell Street, where the various Lodges halted to allow the officials to proceed to the Bridge.
The Procession proceeded along the route above indicated in the fol- lowing order : —
A Picquet of Queen's Own Yeomanry Cavalry.
Band of Queen's Own.
Troop of Queen's Own.
Police-Officers, and Officer carrying Civic Banner.
Town Officers (with Halberts).
Tbe Lord Provost and Magistrates, followed by
The Town Council (not Members of the River and Bridge Committees).
Judicial and Civil Officers of the Corporation.
Sheriffs of the County. Members of Parliament.
Military Officers.
Lieutenancy and Justices of Peace.
Chairman and Members of Bridge Committees and County Trustees.
Chief Engineer. Treasurer and Local Engineer.
Chairman and Members W River Trust Committees and
Additional Trustees.
Officer of Merchants' House.
Dean of Guild and Members. Deacon-Convener and Members.
Officer of Trades' House.
Troop of Queen's Own Yeomanry Cavalry.
l^
Tira BIBTVJRV OP TREE MASONtir.
TliQ following Ltid^CBy tho Juuior Lodges first, procsodcNl by tboir
Mother Kilwluumg.
Thft Ltnigo of fidinburgli Mary**
CttDoD^to Kilwinning*
the Lodge of nhis^-ow, St Join,
Glasgow Kilwinhiiig,
CanODgnto TiTi*\ Lciili, L. anJ C*
Uamilton KiJwintiiti^.
Greenock Kilwinning.
Toqtbiobeu Kilwinaiat^^ Batti^Mto,
St Jolin^ DunkeM.
Anciotit Hra/ori, Linliili^w.
St Juljn Kilwinning, UuniWrton.
!^t JqIu)^ Iteamiihtigow.
St Mango, Gliui^'ow.
AncioT>t, Stiriing-
St Mirih$M>l,Cri«m
St Joliu, AudileTurder
St John, Inverary. Loudon, Newmills. Doric Kilwinning, Port-Glasgow. Alloa.
Thistle and Rose, Glasgow. Kirknewton and Riitho. Navigation, Troon. Thistle, Glasgow. St James, Operative, Edinburgh. St Mark, Glasgow. Union and Crown, Glasgow. Royal Arch, Cambuslang. Do. Ruthergleu. St Mary, Partick. St Bride, Douglas. Royal Arch, Perth. Ayr Kilwinning. St Andrew, Kilmarnock.
St John, Campb<ou. Cadder, Argyll, St Andrew, Irviop, Edlnbtirgh DefonAivc Hand^ 0{>er3itive, DunkelcL Royal Arch, roUokabuwa. St liarcban, Kjlbarcbno* St John, Bcith. Roruftu G^IOf EdinburgliH Kr(!o OpoMtivo!*, RJg^r, St John, Groeinock. St Jamcfi, Old Moukland* St Piitrick^ Ghuigow, St Muugo, Mttudkline:. St Jobn^ Carluke* Calodonlan St John, R. A., CaiapMlo. St Andr^iw^ Coiubeniatibl. Oj>(*rativo, Amlrfc* Si Pftui, A yr iml Hc^rjfrew Militia, St Andrew, Strathaven. Cumberland Kilg., Port-Glasgow. Star, Glasgow. St Barnabas, Old Cumnock. St John, Thornhill. St James, Nethertonholm, Kilmar- nock. Shamrock and Thistle, Bridgeton. Blair, Dairy.
Celtic, Edinburgh and Leith. St John, Rothesay. St John, Woodhall. St Thomas, Larkhall. Royal Arch, West Kilbride. Duntocher and Faifley Union. ST John Operative, Ruthergleu. St Clair, Edinburgh. Caledonian Railway.
Band of the 2l8t Fusiliers.
The Grand Lodge of Scotland.
Troop of Her Majesty's 13th Light Dragoons.
rilE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 283
It may be here remarked that this is the greatest master of Lodges which ever rallied at one time under the banners of the Grand Lodge. ^
About three o'clock the Junior Lodge arrived at the gate of the enclosure at the foot of Stockwell Street, where it remained stationary, opening right and left, and so on with all the Lodges, to the Grand Lodf e, which passed through the lines to the site of the Foundation- stone.
On silence being obtained, the band played the Queen's Anthem, fol- lowed by " Hail Masonry," after which Brother the Rev. Dr Arnot, the Grand Chaplain, offered up the following prayer : —
" Almighty God, Creator, Sustainer, and Governor of Heaven and Earth, we would seek with united hearts to worship Thee. Who art a Spirit, and to draw near into Thy sacred presence, as the hearer of prayer and the giver of every good and perfect gift. We give thanks unto Thy holy name for all the unmerited bounties Thou hast con- ferred on us ; for the means of grace, and the hope of everlasting life through our Lord Jesus Christ. Enable us, we beseech Thee, through the merits of our Redeemer, so to live that we may receive the end of our faith, even the salvation of our souls. Gracious God, bless, we pray Thee, this great city in all its interests, sacred and secular. May the Ministers of religion and the Magistrates thereof be found faithful to the trust committed to them, and may all classes of the inhabitants be distinguished by godliness, righteous* ness, sobriety, and charity. May it^ merchants, who, like those of Tyre, are princes, and its traffickers the honourable of the earth, remember that the silver and gold are the Lord's, and that a good name is rather to be chosen than riches. May fulness of bread not be their snare : May their merchandise and their hire be holiness to the Lord, and may Glasgow still continue to flourish by the preaching of the Word. Almighty Ruler of the Universe, wo would acknowledge Thee in all our ways, for * Except the Lord build the house, they labour in vain that build it j except the Lord keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain.' Grant, 0 God, that the great undertaking so auspiciously com- menced may be brought to a successful termination. May the workmen engaged on it be preserved from all danger ; may the labour of their hands be rewarded by health, domestic comfort, and by that blessing which alone enricheth and addeth no sorrow." — " Our Father," <kc.
^ [In August 1822, when the Foundation-stone of tiie National Monument was laid, not more than thirty Lodges turned out, although the Urcthron walk- ing with these was not less numerous than those accompanying tho preceding seventy-two Lodgts iu the Victoria Bridge Procession. — E.]
391 Tits BISTORT or FBEB XABOMIY*
Two glusa botOc«, hf^rmt^ttcnUy i(«iiJtidj tbd one containing 0p<>cimeDB c»f oil thff ifoU, wlrwr^ uu*l fopf^er ooitia of iLo pro««nt reigD, the ot!jor oontmmng woonia, 4*o.* wero depusitod by the Ora.nd Treasurer and tbo Omtiil SecretATji over vrhlch was jilarofJ a pkt« bearing tbe follow- ing jnacnption ; —
From tho c^ntinnod increase in Ibe popnhtion nf Olngoy MKl^Hbe
Murronntling dLetrieta^ nod to provide rnoro :implc tuwtii of cvm*
ninnicatiun Lolween tbe Dorth HJid ^utb batiks of ibn ClyxW,
Tbtt Anvienl Brtd^'ti ^^f Glasgow, at one ttmo ciklW th«i
Bitibop^a or Oloj^gaw Rrid^o^ and iudto recently
*J'he Stock w«H 8troot Bridge.
Ha« be^n takon down ; nntl, by t)ie fiivour of Almighty God,
in proKcncc of
{>ir Jaui£H A^DGUflON^ Kuigbt, Lord Provcwt,
And tbe Public Bodies of tbo City,
Hia QrfKf* Tho DurE of AtuolK) Grand Master Ma»ou,
Asiaisted by tbo Gmad MnAonic Loifgo of Scotland,
And nunjerous otber Lodj^^j
Ln^id tlie Foundation-stone of tlutt Bridge,
To be called ■ ■■
The Victoria Bridge op Glasgow,
On tho Ninth Day of April, Anno Domino mdcccli,
Era of Masonry vmdcccli.
In the Fourteenth Year of the Reign of our Most Gracious Sorereign
Queen Victoria.
[Hero followed a list of the Trustees on the Glasgow Bridges.]
William Davie, Esq., Angus Turner, Esq., and Arthur Forbes, Esq.,
Secretaries.
John Strang, Esq., LL.D., Treasurer.
John Walker, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., L. and E., &o., &c.. Principal
Engineer and Architect.
John Timperly, Esq., Resident Engineer.
William York, Esq., Contractor.
Which Undertaking
May the Supreme Architect of the Uniyerse Bless and Prosper.
Tho Band here played the Old Hundredth Psalm.
Tho necessary workmen were then brought forward^ and these having completed the operative part of the ceremony, the Grand Master spread the mortar with a golden trowel, when the stone was lowered by three
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 285
distinct stops. The Grand Wardens, under orders from the Grand Master, severally applied the level and the plummet. The Suhstitute Grand Master, under like orders, applied the square, and the Depute Grand Master having delivered to the Grand Master the mallet, His Grace then laid the Foundation-stone of the Bridge with all the honours usual on such occasions, pronouncing the benediction : — '' May the Almighty Architect of the Universe look down with benignity upon our present undertaking, and enable us successfully to carry on and finish the work of which we have now laid the Foundation-stone, and every other undertaking which may tend to the advantage of the City of Glasgow and its neighbourhood, and may this Bridge be long preserved from peril and decay." The Band then played "On, my dear Brethren." On the music ceasing, the Substitute Grand Master delivered to the Grand Master the cornucopia, and the Senior and Junior Grand War- dens, silver vases, containing wine and oil, whereupon his Grace spread the com on the stune, and poured thereon the wine and oil, conformably to ancient custom, saying — " Praise be to the Lord, immortal and eternal, Who formed the Heavens, laid the foundation of the Earth, and extended the Waters beyond it ; Who supports the pillars of Nations, and main- tains in order and harmony surrounding Worlds : We implore Thy aid, and may the continued blessing of an all-bounteous Providence be the lot of these our native shores. Almighty Ruler of events deign to direct the hand of our gracious Sovereign, so that she may pour down blessings upon her people ; and may that people, living under sage laws, and a free Government, ever feel grateful for the blessings they enjoy." The "Masons' Anthem" was then played, and the Grand Officers retired to their respective places amidst the Grand Honours from the Brethren.
The Treasurer to the Bridge Trust, Brother Dr Strang, then presented to the Senior Master Builder Brother York, a purse of gold, saying that it was the pleasure of the Grand Master that those who hewed the stones, and those who laid them, and all who assisted, should " rejoice in the light."
His Grace The Most Worshipful the Master then addressing the Civic Authorities, said — " My Lord Provost, Magistrates, Members of the Bridge Trust, and Gentlemen, I have now the pleasure of inform- ing you that, in accordance with your wish, the Foundation-stone of the Victoria Bridge has been laid according to the established rules of Masonry. I must take the opportunity, in making this Report, of being allowed in a few words to congratulate you on this auspicious event. We have now laid the Foundation-stone of a bridge which is to
S80 TBS HI^OUV OP fRKfi MAWNHY.
r»plttoo one which wa« built so far ba<^k ms 1 34!>. I can only 9Ay I Bin- oerelj hofw fttitt triiHt l)mt tho ptrxcnt tin^le^ruking: wLich you are now &boot to coriitnimrr^, tuid tbc^ foniulntion of wbicb wc have ibis dny laid, wtl], Mrlien nitircJ up, ©ximI for more than Iho next fire contoHca.. My Lord JVovoat, Magii^trat^, and Memlere of the Bridge Truati Glaagoit m^y Hoft^t of womr of tbo fmc»t buildin^j-^s in tbo worhi ; uuii, amoo^ oihcrp, ahr may poitjt to ono n^ altogether un parallel rdi' — I xneitn thr Old C^thtvlml of G)ii«)U[ow, in which we thicj day &saomUcd. The pro- ce«<1titgft which b«gaD there wore bo auflpiciou^ly commeut^ed^ ttmt w^ may bnpL^ thL> tenniitatjon of the wurk vrtJl h^Lve a cloi^e €<|aaUy pros* poroDs with tho coTumcticoiuoDt. My Lord Provo^iL, thoro are tnany oth«r fino buiUin^ in G)a.tig0Wj but thi« Victoria Bridgo will vie with any of tbcm, and I niont vtaconjly pmy tbftt no drLngcr tuay cvrr hv{n\ it 1 con^mtnlatc you on tho anepici^ue tlay wbicb wt* have had, and on the cxcclJont arraitgenicntM tJiitt bav«s heeu uiade. It wm a moot gratifytti^' ^ijH^bt to-day to moo aucb a \fkfp^, naVj eiinnjiotie body of people « conduct themeelves in the orderly manner tboy htiva dortOj and I am Mirfi, my l^ordr the fti^ht mn^t have ^iveit yo[i very ^reat i^atisfaction. I oongnitukte you on thf^ pN^speetA nnd flourishing ii\i\ie of this j^reai oUy, — its* pommerc^J is extraonlinary, and it is perfectly wonderful to see what t!fe l^kbourt of maa- urill do in one short half oeatury. I am quite sure that the duty I have undertaken on this occasioD might bare fallen into abler hands, and been performed by those who could have done such a subject more justice, but there is no one who wishes more warmly than I do the prosperity of the city of Glasgow. It was with great pleasure I received your Lordship's communication, which request- ed that the Grand Lodge of Scotland should lay the Foundation-stone of this Bridge, and I derive<l still greater pleasure in doing it, when I heard that the Bridge was to boar the name of our beloved Sovereign — a Sovereign who is so justly endeared to all her subjects ; and I think that the Bridge Trustees have shewn their good taste and loyal feelings by giving this structure the name of our most gracious Sovereign. I will not detain you longer, but once more congratulate you on the auspicious event which has this day taken place. "
The Lord Provost then said, — " My Lord Dpke, in the name of the Bridge Trustees, I beg to return you our warmest thanks for the service you have this day rendered to us. The work of which the Foundation- stone has now been laid, is one of no ordinary magnitude, and is well worthy of having its commencement marked by a grand and solemn ceremonial, such a^ we have just witnessed. I trust our prayers for its successful completion may be answered, and that it may stand for many
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 287
generations a comfort and convenience to the inhabitants, an ornament to the city, and a monument of the advanced state of civilisation and of the arts in the reign of the good Queen whose name it bears. The former bridge at this spot had stood for many centuries, and although at different times widened and improved, had become insecure and alto- gether unsuitable for the accommodation of the public. A few years ago an Act of Parliament was obtained, authorising its removal, and the erection in its room of one of more appropriate dimensions. It was only lately, however, that the Trustees had it in their power to proceed with the building. When we contemplate the state of things which existed here at the period when the foundation of the old bridge was laid, and coDtraat it with that which exists now, how striking is the change that has taken place. At that time the population of this city was probably not a hundredth part of what it is now, and the river, at the place where we now stand, might without much difficulty have been waded across. No vessels then came within many miles of the Broomielaw — now an extensive harbour, crowded with ships from every part of the world. The requirements of the present day are accordingly vastly different from what they then were; and where a bridge of 12 feet in width stood, we are about to erect one of 60. The plan which has been adopt- ed is chaste and beautiful j and I have no doubt, when completed, will be creditable alike to the Trustees and to the eminent architect, Mr Walker, by whom it was furnished. The Committee especially entrusted with the superintendence of the operations, have been most fortunate in ob- taining a contractor of so much skill and experience as Mr York, who, in preparing the foundation, has already given evidence that he possesses ample resources to meet any difficulty that may arise, and with the advice of the resident engineer, Mr Timperly, will, I am ccrtaiu, execute the work in a most substantial and excellent manner. I congratulate Mr Mitchell, the Convener, and the other Members of the Committee, on this day*s proceedings, and again heartily thank your Grace and all the Lodges who have honoured us with their presence and aid. I feel obliged to your Grace for the notice you have taken of the manner in which the citizens have conducted themselves, and of that notlco I may say I am very proud. I have also to tender my most grateful acknow- ledgments to the military gentlemen, and to the gentlemen of the Queen's Own Yeomanry Cavalry, as well as to the various Civic Bodies, for the countenance and assistance they have so kindly given us.'*
At the conclusion of the ceremony, Brother Cruickshank, Depute Master of the Lodge of Glasgow, St John, presented the Grand Master with a handsome walking-stick made of oak taken from the old Stock- well Bridge. Brother Cruickshank, addressing his Grace, said —
** MoffT Wnnstiirrci* Gm^^D >!▲««. — ^I b&v« g«»t pl«»«urB in pciv iVittng jivo; tti tl>i< tuune uf tbe Maeicr ahO OfBoo-^Hiuvni of th^ ftnnont Lodge ii QWgtr«r, St JoIiq^ vitli tbe tftkk vikK 1 Wtl ta my IvuiJ. U 10 mule ffom a pdee« of lKd c«k wbich foraied put of tbe fMrniln' tioft of o«r MMJfnt Stockwcll Biidf» of Gb^BOW* ud wm ptocttrtd m Uiittg down Am rnncmblo MnetuT*. Altbo«gtt H eartutilj «ppeuB & xery tHaing ftrttdir, hikI tlw rftlne or tt tiot worthy of consklcm* lioOi still I bavQ 04 iloubt joor Graco will |:iriio tt niicltt wad valno ft a# fiikri i>i &□ aodetit iiibnc cu«)tttnict«d by tbc cnftflBtti of QIm^ gfvw «omc flftt WDtonee a^* uiJ Trom wLicb it luu ooly rery ve- oeutly been takao,. Voa wiJt alao, I am bure^ prite U fiii tieiDg pr^ Minted, Most WorvbipfiiJ Sir, by dio L^^^ of Glasgow, 3i Jolio, wlitcb boM« A royai cbjutCTf eti11 in tUoir posKMtoo, ^raDtod by Malcofm C&n- modv, fa tbe yMr 1 057 ; hcing, I b4iT« HO iloabt, tbe Lojgo wtticb laiJ tbc FonDdurtioD-Motie of Ma old Mnictiiro now rctaoroiS, M well aa tbo FountiatioD of oar ADneat aod rvnrniblo CatJiodnU, wmie c^n tuners before. TKIs Bti<^k i« a1«u prrpc'nteJ to you in coiiuiiMi«s»lioQ uf your Ikkjittg thr Fc>atidation^«tniie of ib^ Virtu ria Bridg^^^ on whicb ooomIoii we ftro now met Bo kind cnoogb, Moat Worifaipful Sir, to aocopt th« trilUng gifl n» Ik token nf tb? <»t€cna in wbidi you nro hM by ttie BretltroM of ttttPU^gOi and wi^bin;: y^^n mny bc^ lodg ipofed to be an oniament to the craftsmen is tbe h amble prayer of tbe Brethren.**
The stick had a massive gold head bearing the following inscrip- tion : — " Presented to His Graco the Duke of Athole, Grand Master of Scotland, by the Lodge of Glasgow, St John, on the occasion of His Grace laying the Foundation-stone of the Victoria Bridge across the Clyde at Stockwell Street, Glasgow, upon the 9th of April 1851." Around the rim was the following : — " This staff is made of part of the oak from the original foundation of the old Stockwell Bridge, bnilt in the reign of King David, son of Robert the Bruce, in the year 1345, and taken down in the year 1850."
The Duke of Athole said : — " Right Worshipful Sir, I beg you will tender in ray name, my warmest thanks for the kind manner in which the Lodge of Glasgow, St John, have presented me with this stick. It is not only valuable from its antiquity but also for having been formed out of the foundation of the old Stockwell Bridge. I beg you will con- vey to the Brethren my sincere thanks for the honour now done me."
The Lord Provost, Magistrates, Councillors, Trustees, and other Civic Bodies, then returned to the City Buildings, Wilson Street, followed by the Grand Lodge, which was closed in the Burgh Court Hall in ample form. The other Lodges retired from the site by the entrance opening to Clyde Street, and returned to their respective places of meeting.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 289
After the ceremony tbe Lord Provost, and other Trustees of the Glas- gow Bridges, entertained tbe Grand Master and a largo party, numbering in all about 350, at dinner in the City Hall, which was gorgeously decorated for the occasion. The banquet was most sumptuous, and the attendance of about 300 Ladies in tbe gallery added brilliancy to the scene.
In the evening the Grand Master, accompanied by the Grand Officers, attended a Masonic Festival in the Trades' Hall, under the auspices of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Glasgow. The attendance of the Brethren was very numerous, and comprised deputations from thirty-two out of the seventy-two Lodges which had taken part in the brilliant pageant of the day.
At the Quarterly Communication on 5th May, the appointment of Brother Dr Samuel Somerville, as Representative of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, was intimated and confirmed.
It having been brought under the notice of the Grand Lodge on 5th August 1850, that the Masonic Diploma of M&rshal Soult, which had been found on 21st June 1813 amongst that gallant Marshal's baggage after the Battle of Vittoria, was in the possession of the Lodge St Nathalan, TuUich-in-Mar,^ and the Grand Lodge being of opinion that no Brother or body of Brethren had a right to retain unauthorised possession of the property of a Brother Mason, directed St Nathalan's Lodge to be communicated with about restoring the said Diploma to its legitimate owner. After some correspondence it was transmitted to the Grand Lodge, and exhibited to the Members thereof at this Com* munication, when the Most Worshipful the Grand Master directed that it should be returned to Marshal Soult, through the Marquess of Normanby, the British Ambassador at Paris, and the Marshal's letter of acknowledgment transmitted to the Lodge St Nathalan, Tullich-in* Mar, for preservation in its archives, as a far more valuable memorial of a distinguished Brother than the possession of his Diploma could be.»
A vote of thanks, on his retiral from the Provincial Grand Masteiv ship of Nova Scotia, &c., was unanimously accorded to Brother the Honourable J. Leander Starr, for his efficient services when presiding over the interests of Masonry in that Province.
On the 22d May the Right Worshipful the Grand Master, accom- panied by several Officers of the Grand Lodge, paid a Masonic visit to
1 [It had been presented to that Lodge on the 30th June 1823.— E.] ' [The illnstriouB and gallant Marshal died in a few days after the Diploma was presented to him.— £.]
19
tW IV»tId«9 «f A jT, «ad ««re t«mr«d »i ti* J
Btni MmIm ^AynUtm\ljihm PhmMMl Grm»l
iftanr^FiU WJ a KsHnmn^ at wUA tte Qnmt HmUr vzfnsMed luouetf «* ^T^T gnUUM witli Im nnptaaa At the asnesi MttA «if Umm«7 in Soolksd. At tU QBfl«txCo«Hnaiart«sa«BM A^$«rt, Sf«dmC<^ Cwttp^
s|ipoi«t*J pRtTbcU f^iud MMfar rf Jiilf, ^ m««f BtotlMir
A lefm d( B^«k«wn* itteiv* I* Oft li)ri^ «£ F«Uikti^-«ton^ wov ■Miiliiii^j nifiiiiil wimi iJnflrf it ftii ■iinli^*
A ledMV ** dkled AnutftnlMh 17 Jv»ij IH^I," «*» ifoJ mi iLu Cam- aaua^Mi, rron BrDtlwTr U> J. V«gnt^ tti,|nmwlalH» af tb« Grmod todlg* «r &Atk«d Bt ikc Gnuil OticoA of tba NdlMbail^ tke fdlMno^ excerpt fram «liicli« gnhptlctlljr deUUukf 1u« frmUsnal raeeptioo tbere, mill he M\f ftpprorut«d bj tLe CiaA : —
" 1 wtm rvmred At Ike mm^ tia>» viib Um r«ftr«aaitftlJ¥« of lU«
Graod Stewards and a commission of the Brethren, with appropriate music ; the fitandards of the Grand Lodge, and the Grand Orient being l)ome before ns. Conducted before the Throne, we were complimented most kindly and heartily by the Grand Master, who expressed his joy for the knotting of those new ties of fraternity between the Brethren of the differ- ent countrle*, which would promote the interest of the Onier, and be a4i- rantageous to the Craft and to all mankind. I answered that I felt my- self honoured by representing a Grand Lodge that always practised the Royal Art in such a noble and pure manner; of a people so much resem- bling ours in reality of studies ; in religious sentimeots and civilisation; ID the whole busine^ of life; that I felt it more lively under such an en- lightened head, and so many worthy Brethren and Countrymen, to whom I was accreditetl. I assured the Grand Orient of the kind sentiments of the Grand Lo<lge, and how deeply they were affecte*i towards the Brethren in the Netherlands, and kinclled the hope that this union might prove itself profitable to the Craft. Now the Commission, approved by the Grand Orient, and subscribed by the Grand Master and the Grand Secre- tary, was rctumc<l to me, and I kept my seat at the head of the Southern m. There, behind me, the Standard of Scottish >!asonry was svt up,
RegulatioDs form No. XXIII of the Appendix to this Work. — E.J
I I
THE HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 291
and stands also at the head of all others, and the Portrait of the Grand Master, the Duke of Athole, is there i^uspended on the wall. The Standard of Hamburg stands at the other side, near the head of the Northern Column. It will be a fine decoration for the Hall when the Standards of the other affiliated Orients successiToly will be set up there. ... At the banquet that followed I was placed next the Deputy Grand Master at the place of honour, the second from His Royal Highness, who ex- pressed his wish to visit the Scottish Brethren, to whom he felt himself most obliged. I spoke much with him of Scotland, telling him of the great ceremony at Glasgow — that interested him much . After the solemn toasts to the King, the Grand Master, the Deputy Grand Masters, a toast was proposed by the Grand Master to the Grand Lodge of Scotland, its noble chief and its representative, and to those of Hamburg. Where- upon I answered for myself and my fellow-representative of Hamburg, the toast being received and welcomed amidst shouts of the Brethren and the mnsic of the Chapel."
The Foundation -stone to commemorate the renewal of the Old Parish Church of Dalkeith wad laid on the 29th August, under sanction of the Grand Lodge, by Brother Sir James Walker-Drummond of Hawthorn- den, Baronet, Right Worshipful Master of the Lodge Dalkeith Kilwin- ning, with the usual Masonic solemnities, in presence of upwards of 200 of the Brethren, and a large assemblage of spectators.
At the Quarterly Communication on 3d November the following letter from His Majesty Oscar I, King of Sweden and Norway, acknowledging receipt of the honours conferred upon him at the Quarterly Communica- tion on 3d February last, having been read, and received with every mark of respect and fraternal regard, it was ordered to be interleaved in the Minute-Book of the Grand Lodge : —
'' A Grand Maitre tres Venerable et aux Membres de la Grande
LooE d'Ecosse. " Mes Freres !
'' La joie que ressent tout Frano-Ma^on en obtenant un t^moignage de I'amiti^ de ses Frdres, cette joie je Tai ^prouv6e, lorsque je re^ns le dipldme de Membre Honoraire de la iiha V6n6rable Grande Lege d'Ecosse, que vous m'avez envoy6.
" En me d6cornant cette place honorable an milieu de vous, vous m'avez donn€ une preuve 6clatante de votre divouement h ma personne. J*appr6cie d'autant plus que je suis le premier ii qui cette distinction soit 6chue en partage.
" La t4che du Frano-Ma^on est noble et grande. II est de notre devoir de travailler sans cease, aveo un esprit 6clair6 et le coenr rempli
W* Tire HiflTonr of prbk MAsoHnv.
d^mmour fratemel k la perfection du genre bumain. Loa faiMos epprim^ Ot toua eeox qui eont dans la peine, otal de* droita incouU^Uiblce a notro jitoUctioQ i6!6e et cbaribiblc.
'■ Ce nW qu'en tenant fermt an lien itidiseolublo qni unit teas dob Fr^ree <It*pers^ mr la voHttoe da globe, f|iic noiw pouironf^ attoimlre le but, au<|m!l oou* tondona en «leuoe, nmis sa^na nous Jaaaer jamuiaj pui^quc nous aavtmii que purtout et toujour^ uqb Fr^rca »oiit pr^U il venir ji ii<»tro nidii iiToc cetto cljiirit^, cet esprit de ooycorde, et wtte ct^ntiauce qui doivmtt riinict^rje<cr tous Ice tnembrcs de notre Ordro,
■* SoycK p<?wna<l^a, mea FrSreSj que j*obaervo avec la plua gnimlo fttti'Dtiou la tHEurlie doe ^v<^tK-m«nt^ dan* !« monde Mn^^nuit^ue rt qu^ JO nie r<yonl8 ttiuc^rement des su«e^ tju^oLtionnt^ut los vruis Franca- Ma^onB, en tmvatlliLnt, dan« [o «eQft que je vious d'mdiqucr au buubeur at an bioD*Stro do rhutncLnlt^,
" Jo vftus offre, mes Fr^ivit, r&sttoninc^e do mon afTection fratemello ; fit ooiit par le saiut nt>njbro, qu*? j« vouh n^^ommande t«u8 & Ja protcc* tion touto piiissante du Omnd Arcbit«cto df* ruinvera qui roua donno pahjoie, rt b(n6dictiou.
" 3Tocituotii, k J7. Sfpkmbn 1$01.
" OSCAR"
" Ad, Tauvon,
" Grand A'i^crtCuire de la Grande Loge Nationale de Suede.*'
At this Communication the Grand Lodge ordered the particular atten- tion of all Daughter Lodges and Brethren to the following instruction ; —
" That it is the duty of all Brethren present at an Initiation into the Order^ to make the Initiant distinctly aware that it is essential for his interests that he ascertain that his Name and Description, and date of Initiation, be tiraeously reported, and the Fees of.his Registration or Initiation duly paid to the Grand Lodge."
A Member of the Grand Lodge having moved at the preceding Quar- terly Communication that it be considered " What meaning is to be attached to the Confirmation of Minutes," it was unanimously ruled at this meeting that Confirmation of Minutes implied that the res gestae of a previous meeting had been correctly recorded, — and not that the questions discussed and disposed of at such former meeting could be opened up at the succeeding one, when the Minutes were read.
This year the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, attended by the Grand Officers, visited the Lodge St Clair, No. 349, and the Lodge Roman Eagle, No. 160, in the Edinburgh District, at both of which
THE UISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 203
Lodges they were received in the most gratifying manner. His Grace at leaving expressed to each of the Right Worshipful Masters the satisfac- tion it gave him to witness their prosperity, and that the order and regu- larity which prevailed gave evidence of the existence of good discipline and efficient working.
Charters were this year granted to the Lodges, " St John," Grey- town, Mosquito ; " St Andrew," Sydney, New South Wales ; " Union," Black River, Jamaica ; and " Commercial," Glasgoi^.
1851. December 1. The Most Noble George Augustus Frederick John, Duke of Athole, Grand Master.
On the 12th December the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, accompanied by a deputation from the Grand Lodge, made a Masonic Visitation to the Lodges of the Aberdeen City Province, presided over by Brother Alexander Hadden of Perseley, Provincial Grand Master, and were received at a magnificent banquet by the following Lodges, viz. : —
St John, Dunkeld. St Andrew, Aberdeen.
Aberdeen. Operative, Aberdeen.
St Machar, Aberdeen. Old Aberdeen.
St Nicholas, Aberdeen. St George, Aberdeen.
In the course of the evening His Grace expressed the satisfaction he had received at meeting such a numerous assemblage of the Brethren on his first visit to Aberdeen, and his approval of the admirable manner of working practised by, and discipline maintained in, this Provincial Grand Lodge.
A similar Visitation was paid by the Grand Master and other Grand Officers on 4th February 1852 to the Provincial Grand Lodges of West and East Perthshire. At three o'clock the various Lodges of the Pro- vince, including Deputations, and a numerous company of Brethren from the counties of Forfar, Stirling, Fife, and Edinburgh, and particularly from the town of Dundee, assembled in front of the County Buildings, and having been admirably arranged within the County Hall, filed off before His Grace the Grand Master and Office-bearers to the City Hall, where the banquet was to be served. The decorations of the Hall were very magnificent, the most remarkable of which was a large Masonic allegorical fresco painting of St John.
The Chair was filled by Brother Sir P. M. Thriepland of Fingask, Bart., Depute Past Grand Master for East Perthshire, who, after Dinner and the formal introduction of the Duke of Athole and his Office-bearers, resigned it to His Grace as Grand Master Mason of
2^4 TBH HISTORY OF FMER MABO^NftY.
Bootland, when the Grand Lodge wu opened iu ample fonn* Be- tween seven and eigbt hundred Dretbren were present, and the even- ing wftA spent ID a bi^^hly plea^^iog Eind Batiafkciory manner. Ilia Grace And tho Grand Officers met with a meet entliusiastie and fraternal r&^ ceptiou, and both at their entry and retir^l tho plaudits were toad an<l prolonged. This great Masonic Demonstration, for union, harmony, good order, and nnmbera, qnite eclipsed anj other " Masonic Gathering*' that Ijad ever taken place within the Fair City*
Brother John Stewart of Natohy Hall, wart, on 28th Aprils nppointed to preside at laying the FoLmdation-^toTie of a new Baok at Lochmaben, iu coufonnily with an app)i4:ation from the Lodge St Magdalene to that effect
At the Quarterly Conimunica-tion on Sd May the following tetter from Hta Royal Highness Prince Frederic of the Netherlands, Grand Ma.'^ter ICfttionzLl, wag rood, and ordorod to he tntcHoared in the Minnte-Book of the Grand Lodge : —
"La Haye, le U Mare, IS52.
*' MONiSlEUIt,
''J*ai ou rhonnenr de recevoir votre lettre da 4 eonrt^^ par laqnoUd wonH aves eu la bont& de mo tmnsmettre de la part de le Grande Logo d*Ecoaee et par riateriB^dlaire du Fr^re D, J, VeegenA k Amsterdam.
" V. La Bijou qui m'a ^t^ destin^ comme Merabre Honoraire, et
" 2^ Un exeraplairo de rAlmanach Ma9onniqae pour rann6e 1852, le premier qui a €t6 public de ce genre en Ecosse.
'* Je vous prie de bien vouloir exprimer k la Grande Loge, combion je suis sensible k cetto marque d'attention de sa part ; en meme temps que je vous t^moigno raes remercimens trds sincdres pour la peine que vous avez prise de cet envoie.
" Veuillez me croire, Monsieur, votre tr^s devout serriteur et Frdre,
" FREDERIC Pr. des PAYS BAS, " Gr. Mr, N.
" A Monsieur Linning Woodman, k Edimbourg.**
A Resolution interfering with the internal arrangements of the Grand Lodge having been passed in, and transmitted by, a Provincial Grand Lodge, a Committee was appointed to consider the said Resolution and report thereon, which was done accordingly, and the labours of the Com- mittee homologated at this Communication. The report sets forth with admirable brevity and perspicuity the functions and status of Provincial Grand Lodges in the following terms : —
" Provincial Grand Lodges appear, from the terms of the Commission to the Provincial Grand Master by the Grand Master, to have been
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 295
establisbed for the purpose of visiting the seyeral Lodges which lie at too great a distance from the seat of the Grand Lodge to be visited by the Grand Master in person ; to inquire into the condition of such Lodges ; receive from them such proposals and requests as they shall desire to be offered to the Grand Master for the welfare and prosperity of Masonry ; and in particular, that the Provincial Grand Master shall not allow any other Degrees of Masonry to be practised within his juris- diction. The Commission also bears, 'requiring our said Provincial Grand Master to obey all such instructions as he shall receive from us, and to report to the Grand Lodge, from time to time, his whole actings and proceedings, in virtue of this Commission.'
" The appointment of Provincial Grand Master is recalled at pleasure.
" The Provincial Grand Lodge is composed of the Master and War- dens of the several Lodges in the Province which shall have complied with the Regulations of the Grand Lodge by producing Annual Certifi- cates and Receipts for Registration of Intrants, to shew that they are not in Arrear or under Suspension.
" The Provincial Grand Lodge has no statits whatever other than that delegated to it by the Grand Lodge.
" The only power a Provincial Grand Lodge has to adopt Resolu- tions, even for its own internal regulation, is that of calling upon the Members for an annual payment for defraying the expenses of regalia^ meetings, and other necessary purposes.
" Your Sub-Committee consider that the interference of a body, so constituted, with the internal economy and management of the affairs of the Grand Lodge, upon whom it depends for its very existence, is ttltra vires ; for it must be kept in view that the Grand Lodge of Scotland is a body representing all the Subordinate Lodges, and that they have the power of selecting such representatives as will carry out their views.**
The Anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo, (J 8th June,) was celebrated in Edinburgh by the Masonic inauguration of an Equestrian Statue in honour of the Duke of Wellington, placed in front of the General Register House. The day was observed as a holiday, all the Banks, and most of the Public Offices being closed.
The Grand Lodge and Daughter Lodges assembled in the Quadrangle of the University between twelve and one o'clock, at which hour the Grand Lodge was opened in ample form in one of the Class-rooms by the Most Worshipful the Grand Master.
The Lodges having been marshalled, they and the Grand Lodge pro- ceeded along the South Bridge, High Street, Mound, and Princes Street, to the General Register-House, — where they arrived at three o'clock,
296
TUK HISTORV OP FttSB MkmSRX,
atid were receiveil by tbe Members of the Wellington Statue Commit- tee, and tbe Uepresontativea of tbo various poblic botlica,
Tbo Ma^^onic pwceswion coDsiateil of ubotit 1^00 Brethren belonging to tbe followiDg Lodges : —
Elgin, Leveii.
St James' Operative, Edinburghir
Tbe Lodge of KtUnburgli Mary's
Cbdpeb Canongate Kilninning. Canongato and Loitb, Loitb and
Cnuoiigato- Hamilton Kilwinmng. Jounieymcn, Edinburgh. Dalkeith Kilwinning. 8t J^rbn^ Dtinkehl. AncioDt Brazen, LinlitbgoWi, St John, CnpaT'Fife, Old St JoliD, Lanark. Peebles Kilwinnmg. St John, Dunfermline. AitchiaoD*3 llavon, St John, Falkland. St David, Edinbnrgb, St Luke, Edinburgh. St Andrew, Edinburgh. St John Kilwinning, Haddington. St John, Inverkeithing. Kirkaldy. Kirknewton and Ratho.
6t Magdalene, Loohmabeu.
St Mark, Glasgow*
St John, Fisbcirrov^
St Stephen, Ediubnrgb.
Edinburgh Defeusiye Band.
Operatiro, Dunk eld.
Royal Areb^ Pollokshaws.
Roman. Eagle, Edinbargb*
St John, Greenock.
St Jamoft, Old Monkland.
Star^ Glasgow,
Portobello.
Lockliart St John, Camwath*
Union, Dunfermline.
St John, Thornbill
Quhytewoolen, Lockerbie.
St John, Galashiels.
Mid-Calder.
Celtic, Edinburgh and Leith.
Clydesdale, Lanark.
St Clair, Edinburgh.
The Ceremonial of inauguration commenced by the Grand Chaplain, the Rev. David Amot, D.D., offering up a suitable and impressive prayer.
The Grand Master and Grand Officers then proceeded with the Masonic portion of the Ceremonial usual on such occasions. On its completion, the Grand Master made his report to the Duke of Buc- cleuch. Chairman of the Statue Committee, who, in the course of his reply said —
" To attempt to recount anything of the early life of the Duke of * Wellington would be almost to give a history of India during the latter part of the past century and the early part of the present. It would be to give a history of those stirring scenes which many of you may recol- lect, and in which many here present may have borne a part, when ho alone was able to cope with him who was considered the conqueror of
TBB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 297
Europe, and who, by bis own anns and tbose of bis Marsbals, bad oyer- run the wbole of it, except tbis our favoured Island. He was in early life devoted to arms, baving entered tbe anny wben be was only eigbteen years of age. Soon after tbat be was engaged in active service, first in Europe and afterwards in Asia, wbere, fortunately for bim, bis brother tbe tben Governor-General, bad not only tbe discrimination to discern tbe talents of bis brother, but tbe moral courage also to put him for- ward in the place which led him not only to distinguish himself, but to distinguish bis country, and uphold the foundation of our mighty Indian empire.
'< But it is not in military glory alone tbat tbe noble Duke has shone. At an early period be was at Copenhagen, deputed to con- clude the capitulation there. In after times, at tbe Congress of Vienna, at Aix-la-Chapelle, and at Verona, he was called upon again to exert bis talents in the cause of diplomacy as well as arms. In our own country all who know him, know that be is actuated by but one feeling — that of duty and loyalty to bis sovereign and to bis country. He sacrificed bis time and bis energies to one object — that of doing his duty as a good subject and citizen. Whatever differences there may be as to bis opinions in civil life, be has tbe proud reflection, as we have also, of knowing tbat bis services have been as well appre- ciated as have been bis military services, and go wbere be will, no man is received with greater enthusiasm than be is, while there is no man in the Senate whose opinions and judgment are more urgently sought for. In ancient times it was the custom to raise monuments to great men after death ; it has been the custom also in tbis country to erect such monuments in grateful memory of those removed from us. Here, however, in this Metropolis and elsewhere, monuments have been raised to tbe Duke*s honour during his lifetime, and be has had the proud satisfaction of seeing and feeling that bis services are duly appreciated by bis countrymen. I cannot allow myself to close this address without remarking on our good fortune in finding a countryman and townsman of our own ^ not only worthy to undertake such a work as tbis, but who has also proved himself capable of creating a work worthy of tbe man to whom it is erected."
At the conclusion of His Grace's speech the Statue was unveiled amidst the loud and enthusiastic plaudits of tbe assembled thousands — the swelling strains of tbe Military Bands — and the booming of tbe guns of the Castle, replied to by a battery on the summit of Salisbury Crags.
^ [Steel. — This noble Equestrian Statue, Que of tbe finest in Europe, isi as yet, the ckef d^cewvre of the Artist. — E.]
«9S
THE HWTcmT OF FREE MAdOXKr.
A Lyric Odo oonipoflad for the oc<;aaion hy the Grand Bard was re* cited at tliia 0ta£9 of the proceediugan
Tlic ceremony Wd^ concluded the Qmnd Lodge returned ia inrertM OTddr to tho Qu&djuigld of ths Uoircraity, where the Grand Masl«r Iteld Et Mudoaic Leveo, the Msatcrs and \VarJ<'na of each Lodge bebg pr«ttuftt^ tteparately to Hie Qmccj a<Hrordiug to tWir sod only on the roll, After whkh the 15rothreti were oetigf&tttkted oo tKe very aucccj^ful termiufttioo of the day's eventful preeoodiogs, and the Gn^nd Lodge wu eloaod in ample form,
Od the 22d July the FoUDdatioa-ateno of the Royal InHnnsty at Daodoe was laid ^ith Maeonle eolemnitie* by HIa Crrnce the Grand Master, aa8ij>^ed by th(3 Oflioers and McujLera of the Gmud Lodge, ftud the lUothren bcW^^ttig to the foJIewiu^ Daughter Lodgoe, numborin^j DCttrly iijOOO, VIA- —
Scoon and Forth*
GnnoTi^to and Leith, L* aed C*
St John, Dunkeld*
St John, f'upar- Fife,
St Andrew^ St Audreiva,
Abanlt'on,
St Thomas, Arbroath.
Operative, Dundee.
Ancient, Dundee.
Kirkaldy. .
St Andrew, Perth.
St David, Dundee.
Elgin, Leven, (Fifeshire).
Glammis.
St Vigean, Arbroath.
Opcnittvo, Cou par* Angus,
Lindores, Xewburgb.
St Cyre, Auchterinechty*
Hoyal Arch, Perth.
Operative, Dunkehli
Thistle Opemttre, Dundee.
Incorporated Kilwinning, Mon- trose.
Forfar and Kincardine, Dundee.
Caledonian, Dundee.
Pan mure, Arbroath.
King Robert the Bruce, Auchter- muchty.
Lower, Forfar.
Camperdown, Dundee.
The Grand Lodge having been opened in ample form, it was ad- journed to the Queen's Quay, where it took its place in the procession after the Daughter Lodges, — marshalled according to seniority, — and proceeded under the Royal Arch on the Quay, by Castle Street, High Street, Reform Street, Constitution Road, and Somervillo Place, to the site of the Building.
The Grand Master and Grand Lodge on reaching the platform appro- priated to them, were received by The Baron Panmure, Lord Lieutenant of the County, by the Deputy Lieutenants of Forfarshire, Sir John Ogil vy, Bart., Chairman of the Directors of the Royal Infirmary, and other public functionaries.
TBB HISTORY OF FREE MASpNRT. 299
A most appropriate and impressiye prayer having been offered up by the Grand Chaplain, a bottle, containing the coins of the present reign, plans, <kc., was placed in the cavity of the Fonndation-stone, which having been covered by the inscription plate, the upper stone was lowered and placed in its bed according to the rules of Masonry.
On the conclusion of the ceremony the Grand Master made his report to Brother Sir John Ogilvy, and congratulated him upon the commence- ment of so noble a structure, destined to afford both relief and consola- tion to suffering humanity. Sir John having replied, and Lord Panmure, the Provost of Dundee, and George Duncan, Esq., M.P. for the Burgh, having severally addressed the Grand Master, and thanked his Grace for his attendance, and that of the Grand Lodge and Daughter Lodges, on this occasion, a Royal Salute was fired, signifying that the interesting proceedings were concluded.
The procession returned to Dundee in inverted order, where the Grand Lodge was closed in' ample form.
A Masonic banquet was held in the afternoon in a pavilion fitted up for the occasion. About 800 Brethren were present, who were presided over by His Grace the Grand Master, supported by Lord Kinnaird, Lord Panmure, and others who had taken part in the proceedings in the earlier part of the day.
At the Quarterly Communicaition on 2d August Brother Lord Jamea Charles Plantagenct Murray was selected to represent the Grand Lodge of Scotland in the Grand Lodge of England, with the rank of a Past Senior Grand Warden.
Proposals for the interchange of representatives between the Grand Lodges of Sweden and Hamburg and the Grand Lodge of Scotland^ were this year cordially agreed to. ^
The death of the Right Honourable William Ramsay Maule, Baron Panmure, Past Grand Master, and Provincial Grand Master of Forfar-
^ [On 2d May 1853 Brother Carl Ferdinand Unger was appointed, with the rank of a Junior Grand Warden, representative to the Grand Lodge of Ham- burg, and the commission from that Grand Lodge in favour of Brother Adolphus Robinow as its representative in the Grand Lodge of Scotland was dulj sustained. A Royal appointment in favour of Brother William Alex. Laurie, Grand Secretary, Grand Lodge of Scotland, from His Majesty the King and the Grand Lodge of Sweden, was unanimously confirmed on 6th Feb- ruary 1854, and a commission appointing Brother Adolf Gustaf Bredenberg representative from this Grand Lodge to the Grand Lodge of Sweden, was ordered to be expede ; which commission was duly honoured by the Grand Lodge of Sweden, and Brother Bredenberg formally installed therein as repre- sentative of the Grand Lodge of Scotland.— E.]
Hbiro, &Dfi of Broibfrr JoHd I^a^iifigtoHi Provincial Grand Miuter of Dumfrie^sbiro, Lftving bet^n Teq>ective]y intimated, tlic G»nd Lod^e directed the Grand Secretary to tmusmit letters to Lady Panmure and Mrn Iljihington, oondolitig with tbem on the irreparable lo8a they Lad Eiu^Uitif^U.
The following Frovinoial Gmnd Mast«ra were f^ppointed itt the coureo of this year, Yix* — Brother John Stewart of Nateby Hall, Putnfriesahire ; Brother tho Right HonudTfihle Fox, Baron Panmnre, Forfarshire ; and George Skene Daft", Esi|., M*P.j Elgin and Moray Shires. Charters wore^ during the »amc poriod^ granted to the foltew^- iug Lodges ; — '* A thole/* Halifax, Nova Scotia ; ** St Clair/* Glaagow ; *' Victoria/' Bolganm ; and *' St AadreWp** Frudericton, Now Brunswick.
1852» NoYEMBKR 30. The Mo«t Noble George Augustus Frederick John, Duke of Athole, Grand Master.
At the Quarterly (..ommunicatioD on Tth February 1853, a reduction (fruui Six Shillings and Sixpence to Four Shillings and Sixpence) la tbo Fees for Grand Lodge Dip1oTiia« wa8 unanimously agreed to, tt wait intiniatcd at thi» loeeting that Brother The Lord Panniure had been appointed by the Grand Lodge of England to represeut her la tJie Grand Lodge of Scotland*
On 4th March the death of Brother John Tinsley, one of the Grand Marshals, was intimated to the Committee by the Grand Secretary, who expressed their sincere regret at the loss which the Gnind Lodge had sus- tained by the death of so excellent, upright, and trustworthy an official.
On Tth July the Foundation-stone of an Asylum or Hospital for Defective Children at Baldovan, near Dundee, the seat of Brother Sir John Ogilvy, Bart., was laid with the solemnities of Masonry, by Bro- ther J. Why to Melville, the Depute Grand Master of Scotland, sup- ported by several Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge, in presence of a large assemblage of Brethren belonging to the Lodges in the Province of Forfarshire, and a vast concourse of spectators, for whose comfort and convenience every accommodation had been made by Sir John and Lady Ogilvy.
At the Quarterly Communication on 1st August letters were read from Brother Carl Ferdinand Unger, Representative of the Grand Lodge of Scotland at the Grand Lodge of Hamburg, thanking the Grand Lodge for the honour conferred upon him at last Quarterly Communica- tion, and announcing his installation as Representative of the Grand Lodge of Scotland on 26th June last.
On the presentation of a Petition from the Members of the Lodge *' Kilwinning-in-the-East," No. 353, praying, for reasons therein assigned,
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 301
that the Grand Lodge would change the name of said Lodge to that of ** St David-in-the-East," Calcutta ; the Grand Lodge, after mature deliberation, acceded to the prayer thereof, and a Charter, No. 371 on the Roll of the Grand Lodge, was subsequently granted to them, under the new designation.
At this meeting the jurisdiction of Brother Sir Allan Napier Macnab, as Provincial Grand Master of Canada, was restricted (at his own request) to West or Upper Canada, and Brother Thomas Douglas Har- ington was appointed Provincial Grand Master of East or Lower Canada.
A petition from the Lodge St John, Woodhall, for extension of its jurisdiction to Bellshill, a village about two miles from Woodhall, but both in the Parish of Bothwell, having been presented, the prayer thereof was acceded to on 22d August, to the effect of empowering the Members thereof, when assembled in terms of Grand Lodge Laws, Chap, xxi, seo. 1 3, to meet as a regular Lodge at Bellshill as well as at Woodhall, but not in these separate places at one and the same time,' or under dif- ferent Office-bearers ; an indorsation to this effect being made upon their Charter, and recorded in the Grand Lodge Chartulary.
By sanction of the Grand Lodge the Foundation-stone of the first of a range of Villas on the lands of Roscbank was laid with Masonic solemnities on the 1st October, under the auspices of the Lodge Royal Arch, Cambuslang.
Charters were this year expede in favour of the following Lodges, viz. — " Keith," Halifax, Nova Scotia ; " United Tradesmen," Qeelong ; and " Athole Union," Falmouth, Jamaica.
3M THE niSTORV or frbb kasc»ibt<
CHAPTKB v\IV.
AND rnANSACTTONS nP TRB OHAND LODCIB OP SCOTLAND FftOM IfOTKMDF.n 31), 1853, TO LAVUVn OP THE FOVNDATION-STQXK OP TIIB
NEW JHASflMC HALL OX SUMMER ST JOi£>''s DAY 18^8.
1853. Nov£M&Eti 30, The Most Noble Goorge Augustus Frodenek John, Dute of Alholo, K*T,j Grand Ma^^ter* Brother AlyxiinJ<*r Mac- keuxje was electee! Grand Director of Mq«io, in room of Brotlier Wil- liam B. JMontijun^ani, rrsijL'ooiL
At tlte Quarterly Ci>mn]Utiicaition on ftth FobruTiry 1851, the Gra^ad Lwlgo upf^roved of a fecommeudatioQ by th<) Gntn<l Committee tkM to a regulftr uttd unifonn system of Buoktf for Daughter Lodges; which fecommondfition was considered to be ihor^^iiirhly j^ractiL^al nnJ heBft- ficial in its nature, and likely to prove of essential service to the Craft. '
On 20th February an application was laid before the Grand Com- mittee in reference to laying the Foundation-stone of a New Town Hall at Stow on the 21st; on considerin<:f which, and the emergency which had arisen, the Grand Committee, \\ithout wishing to interfere with the privileges of the Provincial Grand Master of Peebles and Selkirkshires, authorised Brother Alexander Mitchell of Stow to officiate on the occa- sion, and granted the use of the Grand Lodge paraphernalia, in terms of the rules specified in Grand Lodge Laws.
At the Quarterly Communication on 7th August the resignation of the Hon. James Jarrett, Provincial Grand Master of the Bahamas, was read, and received with much regret, and a cordial vote of thanks awarded him for his past able services in the cause of Masonry in his Province.
* [These Books, hound to a particular pattern, are supplied, on application to the Grand Secretary or Grand Clerk, either in sets or separately, at the following: prices, and being contracted for by Grand Lod^^o in larp^e quantities, are more moderate than if made up by Lodges for themselves: — Whole set, consisting of four Books, L.3 : 3s. : separately, Petition Book, L.l ; Mi:iute Book, LJ : 3s. ; Attendance Book, 10s. ; Cash or Treasurer's Book, lOs. — E.]
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 303
. At the Quarterly Communication on the 6th November a Charter was expede in favour of the Lodge "Eastern Star," Port of Spain, Trinidad.
1854. NoYFJtfBER 30. The Most Noble Oeorge Augustas Frederick John, Duke of A thole, K.T., Grand Master.
On 29th January 1855, the Grand Lodge ordered a certified copy of the Charter granted to the Lodge St John, Greytown, Mosquito, to be forwarded to that Lodge, in consequence of the original one, with the Jewels, Furniture, <fec., belonging to it, having been totally destroyed in the wanton destruction of that town by the United States' sloop of war '' Cyane," on 13lb July 1854.
At the Quarterly Communication on 5th February, the Grand Lodge learned with deep regret the death, in January last, of their old and trusted servant. Brother Donald Ross, the Senior Grand Tyler, who had held office in Grand Lodge since 30th November 1829.
At this Communication Brother Robert Campbell, of Sydney, Member of the Legislative Council, was appointed Provincial Grand Master of New South Wales. A Charter was at the same time granted to the Lodge " St Andrew Kilwinning," St Andrew, Jamaica.
The death of Brother Lord Frederick Fitz- Clarence, G.C.H., Past Grand Mai^ter of Scotland, which took place at Poorundliur, Bombay, on 30th October last, having been reported to the Grand Lodge, at this meeting, it was recommended by the Grand Committee, on the motion of Brother Steventon, that in order to mark the estimation in which the deceased Past Grand Master was held by his Brethren, a Grand Funeral Lodge should be held in memory of the illustrious deceased Brother in Queen Street Hall, on the 24th current ; which recommendation the Grand Lodge unanimously sustained.
This impressive Ceremonial took place accordingly on the above named evening, and was presided over by the Depute Grand Master, Brother Whyte-Melville, in the unavoidable absence of His Grace the Grand Master. The Lodge having been opened in the Master's Degree, the service was in every respect solemn and effective, in the course of which the following Oration was pronounced by the Rev. Dr Amot, the Very Worshipful the Grand Chaplain ; —
" Brethren, — We have assembled this evening on an occasion of unusual solemnity. The Grand Lodge, in ordinary circumstances, does not present these emblems of mourning and woe which we now behold ; and our cars are not familiar with the wailing notes of anthem and re- quiem chaunted for the dead. Twelve years have passed since my reverend predecessor. Brother Boyle, delivered an Oration before the
304 T&v niSTOKr op free uabokbt.
Omiid Lodge OD occasion of the dcatli of Hid Royal Highness tho Duke of SuB«ex, GrftDii Master of EugWd. It ia now my duly to dischar^go the 9a md office in memory of His E xcoll en cy Lieu tenant- Goueml the Lord Frederrtk FitxClahencEj G,C,H,j late Piwt Graod Master of Scotland, who departed this life on the 30th October l^t
** Dwith, whorevef and in whatever form presented to our conlem-^ platkon^ la directly «nggVJHtivo of solemn sentimentii nml serious refloo- iiOTifn. Tilers ia aomctUing so trnly umrvelloud und iuti^resting io Lffb, anitnaX^d rxUtfjiev; fiomethtn^ in onr own iostlacUre feelings so alien to the idtia vf dieaolution^ and »o utterly averse to tho ronoeption of no«- cxiMl^nce ; eo much mental happinesa and corporeal cuj oy men t results from the * foarful ami wonderful ' organ laiition wherewith it has pleased the Almighty Cimtor to endow us; and so dark a veil is interpo^d hotwoeo futurity and the unassisted f»;ii]tJes of nmn, that it is not sur- prising wo shuuld ho deeply affected by the »pcctaote of mortality, and Dureolves he eonscioua of a ' secret dread and Inward horror of foiling into nought/ So strong, indee^l, is our attachment to life, that it would seem we have no clearer and xnoro ^ti^factory idea of immortality than that atlbrded in our conj^iouencss of ejcistence, indefinitely prolonged ; for in coQtt^mpUting the future in connection with onr own individuality, we cannot avoid carrying forward^ efon through tho moat distant cycles of time, that very consciousness which at the present moment bids us repel the notion of annihilation as an impossibility. We feel that we cannot realise tho idea of non-existence noiVf and that same feeling pre- vents us from conceiving it as the doom of hereafter. Hence deaths while it does not demonstrate that all which constitutes the living, thinking, sensitive, acting, responsible being, Man, has gone for ever to mingle with the insensate elements of nature — ' dust to dust, and earth to earth ' — yet makes us pause, with a strange shudder, to meditate on the dismal mission which the unseen ' king of terrors ' so unremittingly and impartially fulfils among the animated tribes of this lower world, and to ask — Where is now that conscious mind which was so largely inspired with a * pleasing hope, a fond desire, a longing after immortality, and which shrunk back on itself, and startled at destruction' ? All the hap- piness of which we are tho subjects is connected with life, and we shrink from death as that which seems to extinguish the susceptibility of happi- ness, or at least to sever us from all the wonted sources whence happi- ness was derived.
" Death — solemn, mysterious, painful, in itself — assumes a still more solemn aspect in consequence of the manifold relations in which we stand to our fellow-creatures, who are all placed under the universal law of nature, — 'the common lot' of mortality. No man is so solitary, so
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 305
isolated in society, as not to feel dependence on some others for blessings enjoyed or in prospect. Sympathy — identification of interests — more or less purely and keenly felt, is characteristic of human nature, in all grades and conditions of existence. Lore is a principle so inextinguish* able, so divine, that amid the ruins of humanity it lingers like some phantom, which, though it cannot appear in the broad light of day, on a scene where such foul shame and dishonour has been offered to its holy, heavenly name, yet will not altogether depart nor cease to cherish the fond hope that a brighter era shall arrive, when it will again take pos- session of that heart which was originally framed to awaken tenderness and benevolence in every pulsation. Man is attached to man by a thousand ties even when he knows it not, and cannot dream how and when these ' cords of love* were woven into the * bands of man.' Nay— and we use not the language of poetry only when we make the affirma- tion— there is nothing which has life, from the nobler of the inferior animals down to the scented shrub and the blooming flower, with which we do not feel ourselves closely connected by the subtile laws of sym- pathy. Now Death comes in, and robs love of the visible object on which it reposed. It cannot indeed break the sacred union of sympathy which has been formed between the generous and pure in heart ; for while memory lives, affection for the departed lives too, chastened and hallowed by the subduing touch of time, but embalmed by the spirit of love, and enveloped in the folds of undying devotedness. The most vivid idea, perhaps, we have of death, is derived from the loss of a dear friend ; and the soul of the good and the leal is never so much solemnized and fortified against the vanities of a passing world as when one by one of the near and the beloved is laid in the narrow house appointed for us all ; and never do they feel more reconciled to the inevitable destiny of the race than when they reflect that all they most valued and clung to have gone before them to 'that country from whose bourne no traveller returns.' And how varied are the ties, how nume- rous the relations, how tender the sympathies by which society is bound together ! Personal, domestic, social, patriotic — ^all endearing while they last, they are all destined to dissolution by death. Unnatural, mysterious, unintelligible, though death be, it is witnessed every day ; every day its bitterness is felt by the bereaved ; every day some Rachel is heard ' weeping for her children, because they are not ;* some one is heard crying in the anguish of his soul, ' would to God I had died for thee,' my friend, my brother, ' my son ! '
'' But there are other ties besides those of blood and friendship which are painfully severed by death. When the great and the good, who have occupied and adorned high stations in society, but
20
TB£ lIlBTOtty OP rn^^ MkSO^^Y.
wUow {a«oi wd liflvo never seea Id tlie fleeti, aud who are known to lis oQly by tlio voico of fame^ or ibrougli ibe magic of that art by wtiteh Ibo Linage of man id iinnaortaltBoJ^ ar« called from the scene whicli their wisdom and virtues tended to irradiate and beantlfy, n wholt? jMHipIo, iinrovererl in reveronlial awe, pj*ye homage to d«- purie^l worth, feeling that wlwn eurh m«n pcri^sh the pillars of tlio earth are t»hakeD. We seek oot now frigidly to aimlyHe the eraotlen which anfie« in sneh oa;see aa we allude to ; but that iiuch an omotion does arise none will deny. And if that emotion jiartake not of tlio poigTinnt and overwhelming grief with which we oonsiga to tho grave those who, in the vimouis pureuiLa of lifet have long been partakers in our joya and our sorrows^ our Bimggl&i nnd our triumphs^ it posscaaesat let^t the nu*red calmne^^ of disinterested ^orrow^ and inspires with un- wocited loftioewa of soul, by raising us, in onr sympathetic regrets, for the inomeDtT almost to the li^vel of the gr^^atnees aud the worth which we feol it to be a privilege to ndniire anil reverence* Comiuuuities — v\ri\ and ec deal astjcal — Frovincei? nnd Nations, thus express thoir cor- porate «onse of the loss sustained to the death of their rulers and bene- Motors ; and thero is eomothing at once becomiug and impressive m the buignia of mourning disTplayed on the occasion, And^ Brethren, it were •nrcly a gratuitous insult to tho eharacter of MasoDry to suppose that the members of an Order, not more venerable for its antiquity than dis- tinguished for all the virtues which compose the very essence of Brotlier- hood — the pith and marrow of humanity — should be behind others in evincing such a spirit of cordial sympathy, when conspicuous Office- bearers are lost to them ; or that one, who but lately filled the exalted office of Past Grand Master, could cease to exist without a summons being issued for a meeting like this which we now hold.
" Tho late Lord Frederick Fitz-Clarence was the second son of William IV ; ho was bom in December 1799, aud was therefore in his 55th year when he died. Ho entered the army as a Lieutenant, in the 13th year of his age, and seems throughout his life to have been devoted to his professiou. He was commander of the garrison at Portsmouth at the time of receiving the appointment of Governor of the Bombay Presi- dency, and was considered one of the most intelligent, smart, and active officers in the service. It was there that he devoted himself with such earnestness to the moral and intellectual improvement of the troops, — he himself delivering lectures for their instruction, as an example to the officers under him. Ho was a man of much kindness of heart and in- tegrity of j)urpose ; aud his death, said the " Bombay Times," casts for the present a gloom over our society. He was attended in his last hours by the Rev. Mr Fletcher of Poena ; and without pomp or ceremony his
THE HISTORY OF FitEB MASONRY. 307
body was taken to Poona on the afterooon of the dOth October, to be forwarded to England for interment in the family Yanlt. I haYe further to add, that His Excellency was ever an intelligent, zealous, and con- sistent Member and Office-bearer of our honourable Order.
" I need not, then, particularly recite the reasons why you hold a Funeral Lodge this cYcning. You do so out of respect to the memory of one who, besides being of Royal descent, and a most conscientious and excellent ofScer, was highly esteemed in all the relations of life, and was, in an especial manner, an honour to Masonry — ^by his conduct reflecting back the honour it had conferred on him, in his elevation to the supreme dignity of Grand Master of Scotland. But I feel it to be incumbent on me to address to you a few, and I hope not unsuitable thoughts, suggested by the event which has been the cause of our pre- sent convention.
'' We cannot assemble as a Lodge of Masons, even on the most ordinary occasion, without being reminded that we are Brethren in a peculiar sense. We are Brethren by all the solemnities of a ritual nearly world-old, and by the adoption and maintenance of social and religious principles coeval with the human race. This is neither the place nor the time, and I am not the person, to give a sketch of the history of Masonry ; but I may be permitted to say, that no association now existing on the face of the earth bears such marks of antiquity as the Society of Free Masons. It was through means of select and par- tially secret companies that the great truths of religion in the earliest ages of the world were preserved and transmitted from generation to generation. Diffusion of truth, then, would have had the very opposite effect of diffusion of truth now. There was no printing press to stereo- type the revelations of heaven. Centralization in the custodiership was absolutely necessary to prevent truth from being utterly corrupted by the admixtures which are unavoidable in traditionary transmission. The true religion, as you all know, was committed, so to speak, to an * earthen vessel,' — to one chosen race, which, compared with the world at large, was but a secret society, with all its signs and symbols of initiation, and fraternity, and instruction in spiritual truth. I know not if it has been ascertained at how early a period the secrets of Masonry proper — I mean architectural science— were conserved by a confederated association ; but I venture to assert that, along with these secrets of the Craft, and even anterior to them, higher truths and a sub- limer science than the principles of a merely mundane architecture were taught orally, or by symbolical representations, within the guarded chambers of the eastern sages. The arts of the peaceful Craft during the many cruel persecutions to which it was subjected, to a great extent
perubed ; but xrli&t noblo TnoDumentH bavo \teen left for the nineteentli century to wonder at, anU stri vo in vaio to rival ! Many of tlio ay tnt>otaj through which all imporUut truths were conveyed to the initiatwl^ m^y be iirewverubly lost ; but the g^reat pnociple^ on which the Society wad founded remain in nil their smiplicityt beouty, freshness, and power. Piety to Goi], and Love to Man, Id tbo motto wbich h Htill emhlazonod nn tbo MaAon'd banner* and eugmvod on the Mason's beort. We ai^, then, only carrying ont into act oht prime principles of pietyand frater- ntty when we meet to-nijt^ht to cctebmto tbo virtuea and deplore the \osa of A Brother of exjilted runic and officer. While wo profeda to lov^ the livm>f, we Citnnot but luoum over the dend^ Aud it is our privilege to indulge the ddi^btful thoug^bt that tbo prmciplee of Masonry, im* pregnat^^l, purified^ and etherlalisod by the spirit of ChrUtianity, witb wbieH Masonry 8^ naturally and lovingly asaimilates, may have cheered the fainting heart of our late Grand Master, a^ be listened to the lant office« of religioD performed by a aervaut of Christ beside bis dying OOUcb. Ji^quie*c<Jf in jKi<y! /
" Brethren, permit me, ere 1 close^ to remind you that the living shew respect for tbo dead beet when thoy profit by tbeir example and imitate tbeir virtaes* Empty barren eulogy ia but mockery pronounced by the liptr of hypocrisy. If there is not • that witbrn whicb passetb show' — sincere admiration of the virtues and graces which were cultivated by those whose memory we profess to cherish, — vain are * the trappings and the suits of woe' which we display, and the eulogistic language which we utter. We can pass an infinitely higher encomium on our deceased Brother by our future lives than we can by the most eloquent panegyrick the tongue of man can pronounce.
" Let us then remember that we are called, as Masons and as Christ- ians, with * a high and holy calling.' Each of us has a mission of deep responsibility to fulfil. That mission is practical obedience to the law of love. We have a Master, even Christ, whom we are bound by every conceivable obligation to love with ' all our heart and soul and strength and mind.' If wo truly love Him, we will keep his commandments. And this is His commandment, that ' we love one another.' We should shew this love not in words merely, but in active benevolence. The roost unequivocal proof of benevolence is an example of honesty, sobriety, generosity, piety. Masons should let their light so shine before the world that no aspersions may be cast upon their Order ; and while they boast of the principles of their Craft, they should beware lest, through carelessness, or inconsistency of conduct, they afford an occasion to the unintiated to throw out this reproachful taunt, ' What do ye more than others r For our own personal well-being the cultivation of a virtuous
TDE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 309
and religious spirit is indispcDsably necessary. If we lived habitually as we ought, and as we might, we should be i&T happier and more useful than we are. He who is most attentive to the calls of present duty is least exposed to the morbid anticipations of an uncertain future, and will be found at last to be best prepared to surrender his spirit into the hands of Him who gave it. * Let love be without dissimulation. Abhor that which IS evil, cleave to that which is good. Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love j in honour preferring one another ; not slothful in business ; fervent in spirit ; serving the Lord ; distributing to the necessity of the saints ; given to hospitality. Bless them who persecute you ; bless, and curse not. Rejoice with them that rejoice, and weep with them that weep. Be of the same mind one towards another.'
" The thought of death should stimulate our exertions and confirm our resolutions in a course of well-doing. For at death all the exertions and resolutions of man in his probationary state terminate. ' There is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom in the grave, whither we go.* And as our time on earth is short and uncertain, we should be all the more diligent in working out our own salvation, and doing all the good our ability can compass. Let us work in faith and humility, love and hope ; let us do all and suffer all that is appointed to us, submis- sively, contentedly, cheerfully ; and then we shall ' be blest in our work.* ' The night cometh in which no man can work ;' but how enviable the condition of that man who, when the shades of that final night are closing around him, can say, * I have finished the work given me to do : I have fought a good fight, and kept the faith ; and I am now permitted to depart in peace.*
" And oh ! Brethren, how transporting the assurance that death levels all distinctions, and commits us all to the same bed of rest, only that a surpassingly glorious reconstruction of the frail materials of which we are composed may be effected through the almighty working of that infinitely great Architect who ' in the beginning created the heavens and the earth;' who formed * Man in his own image;' who, by the sovereign and blessed operation of the Holy Spirit, creates us anew into that same image, and fits us for entering into those mansions in our heavenly Father's house, which are prepared for all the fEiithful; ' Blessed are the dead that die in the Lord from henceforth : Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours ; and their works do follow them. ' Now, the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, make you perfect in every good work to do His will, working in you that which is well pleasing
dIO THE EisToar or tree uasokry*
In Hb flight, throQgh J^us Chriit, to whom W glory for ever and everp
The mQ«iCj aelectod from Moxart^ Handel, and Mendelssohn, wsa nd- minibly rendered by Brothere Herr Fortnes, Reichnrdt, ofid Gh-egorio, to wbam, ftnd to Brothrw Mackcttxic and Keif(«r, tbe tlwioka of tho Grand Lodge wofo award*^ for their gn&tuitotu and Taloable professional awitftanceH^ At tha closo of th^^ service the Right Worshipful tbe Depute Omni] Master addre«Mxi tbe Brethren to the following elfect : —
" Mv BftETtfttESj — After the very eloquent and improasiTO Oratjou pronounced by oar talented Grand Chaplain, I abonlJ not hare <;onaider- ed xi necessary to allude to tbe many excellent qualities of our late la ED eu ted an J distingnlsbcd Past Grand Masierj were it not from my personal knowledge of him fvr ao many years* From n period previous to the ' Cato Street Conspiracy/ where be eo houonrably distingniahed hiinsolf as a Lieutenant in Her Majesty's Guards, to the time of hie umbarkation for Bombay — a period extending over more than thirty years — 1 bad constant opportunities of enjoying his friendship ; and I can truly say that a more kind and indulgent husband^ a more afleo* tiouate father or sincere friend, one more anxious to relieve distress or assuage the sorrows of others, did not exist. As a regimental oflScer he early distinguished himself by his zeal for the service ', and as Major- General he held the distinguished post of Commander-in-Chief at Ports- mouth, from which, upon being made Lieutenant General, he was appointed to the honourable command at Bombay, in the execution of which it pleased the Great Architect of the Universe to take him hence. As a Mason be was ever desirous to promote the first objects of Masonry —charity to his poorer Brethren, and kindness and good-will to all. There must be many here whom I have now the honour to address who were of ' the unintiated' at the time when tbe late Lord Frederick Fitz-Clarence was Grand Master Mason of Scotland ; but all who were present upon the occasion of Her Majesty's first visit to Scotland in 1842 must remember the kind solicitude evinced by him to enable all his Brethren to get a good view of the pageant as Her Majesty passed from Holy rood-Palace to the Castle in front of our platform, where we had just been performing tbe interesting ceremony of laying tbe Foun- dation-stone of that beautiful building, the new Assembly Hall. Upon every occasion, too, that I have met him, when coming from Scotland, he invariably inquired most kindly after his Brethren of the Scottish Craft."
* [The proceeds being in aid of the Fund of Scottish Masonic Bono volence. — E.]
THB HISTORY OF FRBB MASONRY. 311
At the Quarterly Communication on 7tli May, the following Address of Condolence was voted to Lady Frederick Fitz-Clarence : —
** To The Right Honourable The Lady Frederick Fitz-Clarbnce,
&c., &o., &c.,
" We, the Most Noble George Augustus Frederick John, Duke of Athole, K.T., Grand Master Mason of Scotland, John Whyte Mel- ville of Bennochy and Strathkinness, Depute Grand Master, Sir Robert Menzies of that Ilk, Bart., Substitute Grand Master> Patrick Keir of Kindrogan, Senior Grand Warden, Francis Robert, Lord Loughborough, Junior Grand Warden, and remanent Office-bearers of The Grand Lodge of Scotland, for Ourselves, and in name and on behalf of the other Members of the Grand Lodge, in Grand Lodge assembled.
" The Almighty Architect of the Universe, the Well-Disposer of all events, having been pleased to remove from amongst us our late much respected and much esteemed Past Grand Master, Lord Frederick Fitz- Clarence — a loss which we, as a fraternity, have great reason to deplore, — ^now offer to your Ladyship our sincere and heartfelt sympathies and condolence on the afflicting bereavement which has deprived your Lady- ship and us of one so deservedly and generally beloved.
" Permit us at the same time to assure your Ladyship, that the Scottbh Craft will long cherish in kind remembrance, as well as with pride and gratitude, the prominent and influential part which our late respected Past Grand Master took in their affairs while holding the office of Grand Master Mason of Scotland, — and more particularly at the period of Her Majesty's first visit to this Kingdom, — how, prompted by so much good feeling, his Lordship successfully exerted himself in bring- ing before Her Majesty's especial notice the true loyalty of Her nume- rous subjects, the Free Masons of Scotland, assembled on that auspicious occasion to do honour to their beloved Sovereign.
" Under the severe dispensation with which it hath pleased God to visit you, we must bow with all submission, while we would, with every sentiment of fraternal sympathy, commend you to the care and holy keeping of Him who is at all times the husband of the Widow and the stay of the Orphan.
" Signed in name and by appointment of the Office-bearers and Members of the Grand Lodge, in Grand Lodge assembled, at Edinburgh, this 7th day of May 1855, A. L. 5855.
(Signed) " Athole, Gd, Master 3fa8on"
*WS TUE BISTORT OF PREE HA50?ntr.
Tbia A4dms wns «(titrnsUHl to iht Depute GmnJ Master for prescDta- iion ; wtjo retvHf at tha Qufirterly Comtnnnication od 6th Augoat, th« following extmct from the reply of her LaJyj^hip : —
" J ain ^leeply toadied by the lionour done to the nieraory of the lato Lftrd FitK^CUrence, m tie document from the Gmnd Lodgitf af Scotland j vh\ch I \mtt received from yov. to^lay, anil I thank you most truly fori the kiod manner m which you haro conveyed it to me, I
'* May I hej^ of you to oxyirese to the Grand Lodge the profound sen* J timents with whit^h 1 rt^iid the ti^tftioiony of the reapect an^l affectioit^ they entertain »nd cLurmh for thtiir Past Grand Master, and my earnckst lUid gn^tcful thanks for the aympathii^e and eondotoDce they have ox:- pressed totrarda myself/'
Oo the same cvemng, (7th May,) the Gra.nd Lodge recorded an ox- prestrioo of sympathy with Drotber Hector Gaviuj a Grand Steward, and a very old Member of the Gmnd Loitge, on the melancholy and «uddon death to the Crimea of hh wn» Brother Dr H. Qaviuj late of the Lodge Caoon^te Kilwiuning,
The re^tignation of Brotbor Le Geyt, a? Provincial Grand Master of Wefltem India, waa laid before the Grand Lodge at tbia Communic*^ tion ; who, a« an acknowledgment of bis pa^t serviooi^r and in order Iq mark thetr couHdonce in bitr judgment, nnanimously agreed, upon htt recommendation, to appoint Brother Henry Durance Cartwright his successor in the government of that Province.
Of this date, May 7, a Charter was expede in favour of the Lodge Renfrew County Kilwinning, Paisley.
An extremely curious and interesting Cast, containing Masonic marks taken from Glasgow Cathedral, and bearing the date of 1556, was ex- hibited to the Grand Committee on 5th October by the Grand Secre- tary, on the part of Brother Kerr, Past Master of Lodge Journey- men, No. 8.
An invitation from the Lodge St Andrew, Boston, Massachusetts, originally holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, to attend by delega- tion tbe Centennial Anniversary of said Lodge in Boston, on St Andrew's Day ensuing, was laid before the Grand Lodge at the Quarterly Com- munication on 5th November ; upon reading which Brothers Clark and Taylor, members of the Lodge Edinburgh Mary's Chapel, at present resident in Boston, were empowered to represent this Grand Lodge on the occasion referred to.
At this Communication, Brotber Dr F. D. M*Cowan, Right Worship- ful Master of the Lodge No. 1, presented a commission appointing him representative in this Grand Lodge from the Grand Orient of France, which was unanimously sustained ; and Brotber P. Claude, Secretary to
THE HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 313
said Grand Orient, was chosen to represent the Grand Lodge of Scot- land in the Grand Orient of France. At the same time the Grand Lodge appointed Brotlier Carl Von Dahlen, Ph. D., &c., as her representative at the Grand Lodge of Prussia, with the rank of a Junior Grand Warden.*
The Morison Library was declared to be patent to all Members of the Grand Lodge, and to all other duly qualified Master Masons, recom- mended by Members thereof.
Amongst the various presents to the Grand Lodge during the past year was a beautiful MS. copy of the Al Koran, from the Rev. Her- mann Philip, D.D. and M.D., Alexandria, Egjrpt; and ft*om Brother the Lord Loughborough, Junior Grand Warden, a magnificent, curious, and elaborate Prayer Carpet, Altar Covering, or Veil to a secret door or holy recess in the Temple at Mecca, embroidered on Mecca cloth by Holy Men and Pilgrims, with representations of objects sacred to Mahomedan as well as to Christian Master Masons.
1855. November 30. The Most Noble George Augustus Frederick John, Duke of A thole, K.T., Grand Master.
At an extraordinary meeting of Grand Committee, held on Saturday evening the 2d February 1856, in consequence of the sudden death of Brother James Linning Woodman, the Grand Clerk, it was agreed to recommend to the Grand Lodge, at the Quarterly Communication on Monday next, —
" 1 . That on account of the deep regret which is felt by the Brethren on the present melancholy occasion, the business of the Quarterly Com- munication should be strictly confined to recording the event of the death of Brother James Linning Woodman, their late Grand Clerk, not only as a mark of fraternal respect to the memory of that Brother, but also to evince the sense the Grand Lodge entertained of their late Brother's active and efficient discharge of the duties of his office.
" 2. That an extract of the Minute, conveying the above sentiments, should be transmitted to the Widow of the deceased, by the Grand Secretary, assuring her at sametime how deeply the Brethren sympathize with her on the present afflicting bereavement."
Accordingly, at the Quarterly Communication on the 4th February, these resolutions were unanimously adopted, the Depute Grand Master presiding ; who, in moving the same, delivered a very feeling and eulogistic
^ [A commission from the Grand Lodge of Prussia, appointing Brother Pro- fessor Aytoun her representative at the Grand Lodge of Scotland, was sustained at the Quarterly Communication on 4th August 1S56.— E.J
«4tlna8 on the low euatamoil by tbe Gnod Lodge and the Cnft in
A pro re nala meeting for {JToceedtog with the bueiDeaa of the Coin- mitnietttbn wns ordered to ho (SbUeil for the 3d March oext, &t which Charters were expode in fitvour of two Lodgost vijc. — ** St John* Mathew- towii/^ luAgun^ Bfihaouis, ftud *' Stftr-iU'the-Efietr TiirkUh Contingents
At a pro rt ^iatu meetiiig hoM on the ^Jet March, Brother Ateiander Jaiito« Stewftft, Proxy Maxtor of tho Lodge St John, Dnukold, waa nnanitttousty elected to the office of Orantl Clerk nd ini^riia^
At the Quarterly Cominnnication on 5th May, a DecUration of Indo ]>etidenoej and Erection of a new Grand Ledge in Cana<la. by forty-eue Lodges huldiiig of the Gmnd Lo<J^s of England aud Ireland, wo^ pre* seated^ At xauje time a tetter was read from the Provincial Grand Master of Lower Canada, by which it apjienrcvJ that all the Lodges Id hitt Province holding of the Gmnd Lodge of Scotland had not only determined to rcmntn atntinch to Uieir allegiance bnt repadtated thv^ jdoa of severing a connection which they were so dosiroue to maintain with their Mother Grn.nd Lodge. Whereupon it waa moved by the Grand Master, and duly seconde^l, " that, in retipect to the very eati^- fact«>ry ex pi an ati on a atTorded by the couininnication of the Provincial Cirand Master of Canada East, the above Deolamtion of Independ- ence be not received, nor the parties thereto acknowledged by this Grand Lodge in any manner, as a separate Grand Lodge, independent of those of England and Ireland, from which the members of it appear to have originated." Which motion was unanimously agreed to, and the Grand Secretary was directed to convey to the Lodges in Canada under the Scottish jurisdiction, through the Provincial Grand Master, the expression of the fraternal wishes felt towards them by the Grand Lodge ; and in the Annual Circular to the Daughter Lodges the Grand Secretary, commenting on the high state of eflBciency and/Zia/ duty of the Daughter Lodges in the Colonies, remarked " that it had been a matter of great satisfaction to the Most Worshipful the Grand Master and the Grand Lodge to receive from the Provincial Grand Lodges of Canada such repeated assurances of their staunch and loyal adherence to the laws and jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Scotland."
At this meeting a Charter was granted to certain Brethren for the erection of a Lodge by the name, style, and title, of " St John, Croft- head," Whitburn ; and at the Quarterly Communication on 4th August a Charter was also cxpede in favour of the Lodge "Neptune," Aberdeen.
On 6th May His Grace the Grand Master, accompanied by several of the Grand Officers and a number of the Brethren and deputations from the most of the Lodges in the Edinburgh District, [>aid a Grand
TUB HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 315
Lodge Visitation to the Lodge St Stephen, No. 145, and were received by the Right Worshipful Master and Brethren thereof with every mark of fraternal respect; before retiring the Most Worshipful the Grand Master expressed himself as highly satisfied with the state of the Lodge, as also with the arrangements upon this occasion, and with the cordial and Masonic reception he had received.
At the Quarterly Communication on Sd November the Right Wor- shipful Master of the Lodge St John, Wilsontown Iron- Works, was appointed to preside at the consecration and erection of the Lodge St John, at Crofthead, Whitburn.
The recommendation of the Committee that a sum be voted for the relief of those Brethren who had suffered from the inandations in France, was, upon a motion to that effect, unanimously approved of, and L.20 ordered to be transmitted from the funds of the Grand Lodge to the Secretary of the Grand Orient of France, to be disposed of by him for the purpose contemplated.
1856. December 1. The Most Noble George Angnstus Frederick John, Duke of Atiiole, K.T., Grand Master.
Brother Alexander James Stewart, Proxy Master, St John, Dunkeld, No. 14, was elected Grand Clerk.
The Lodge Mother Kilwinning having renewed the application to have her Intrants recorded for Two Shillings and Sixpence each, it was resolved, at the Quarterly Communication on Sd August 1857, to adhere to the decision pronounced by the Grand Lodge on 1st May 1837, and again homologated on 6th May 1839 ; no new fact having been elicited to necessitate a departure from these previous deliverances.
Brother H. S. McCartney, who had been commissioned to act as Pro- vincial Grand Master pro tern, of the Bahamas, at the Quarterly Com- munication on 4th May 1857, was, at this Communication, 3d August, appointed Provincial Grand Master thereof, with the usual powers.
At the request of the Grand Lodge of Pern, Lima, &c., on good cause being shewn, this Grand Lodge agreed to disown the Brethren of the Lodge " Concordia Universel," instituted in the Valley of Callas, and also those of the Lodge ** Estrella Polar,'* Lima ; both of said Lodges Laving been expelled by the Grand Lodge of Peru.
1857. November 30. Ihe Most Noble George Augustus Freilerick John, Duke of Athole, K.T., Grand Master.
At the Quarterly Communication on 1st February 1858, the follow- ing loyal Address of Congratulation to the Queen on the auspicious
. P ■IJ"!IUM#iif^Jf*.^^.;-Wl^Pm||
916 ns HBTORT «F FW
PBWrtioii cf A> wnrhy cf Her 0(7^] mglin«M ili« PriiuDesa Itojal u Hk Bfljnl B^^bMM Hm Fniic« Frc^letick-^^'illiftm-Nic&iol&^CIurlos ^
I nMHSmvlj anloptc^, And ordered to be tnosmitt^d for^ ' to Ibr Meetly, wLc was pleased Iv receive die ante in
^ To m QmtrN's Mo^ Excellent Majeety.
* llo0f QMMmom SorrxsKiGst,
^W«^4» Hurt Weerii^rut unA Most Noble George, Dnke of Athole, 4lf llw MmI Aonent Order of tbe ThUtle, and Grand Master ,«h» Bight Worabipfn] JoLii Wbyte Melville, Pepate r« the KffiA Honourable Lord LoQghboroujrb, Subf^titate QmaA Mttta^ aad die otlier OtTK^e-beiirer^ a&d Mcniberc of tbc Grand tf04gi^ on Ao part of ou»eWe« ood of tbe Aocient Fmtenuty of Free oiidAMepledlftMMMof Seottaud^ bog to appro^^ch vourlloyal PreEeDce^ •ady thovgli ezdnded bj the Dataro of oar Order from tbo political Worid, wo b^ to fliaia jour Majesty that wo would feel our^eWCiB mwoiiliy ct all tbo bono u re which Royalty ha^ bestowed u|ioa our Cmhf did wo not moat diti fully and cordially joia in tho genDral voice of joy and coDgratalatioii npon the preset happy aod anspicioiia ooea^ ~ Bion, when the illustrious and beloved Daughter of your Majesty and the Prince Consort has, through parental kindness, been united io the Husband of her choice, — an event which, we trust and hope, will be the means of augmenting the happiness of your Majesty and your Royal . Consort, and all connected with your fioyal House.
" We would therefore humbly pray that the Almighty Giver of all that is good upon earth may look graciously down upon a union so con- sonant with the dearest wishes of a grateful Nation, and long preserve your Majesty, your Royal Consort, and your Family, in health and strength, in whose welfare and prosperity our honourable Order takes so true and so affectionate an interest.
" Given at Free Masons' Hall, in the City of Edinburgh, in fall Grand Lodge assembled, this 1st day of February 1858, and of Light 5858.
(Signed) " Athole. Gd. Master Mason.
" J. Whyte Meltille, Dep, Gd. Master. " LouoHBORouGH, Svh. Gd. Master.^*
At the same meeting the following Address to the Prince and Prin- cess was ordered to be transmitted to Brother Carl Von Dahlen, repre-
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 317
sentative of tho Grand Lodge of Scotland at the Grand Lodge of Prnssia, for presentation to their Royal Highnesses : —
" To THEIR Royal Highnesses the Prince Frederick- William-
Nicholas-Charles of Prussia, and Her Royal Highness
Victoria- Adelaide-Mary- Louisa, Princess- Royal of
Great Britain and Ireland, and Princess of Prussia.
" We, the Most Worshipful and Most Noble George, Duke of Athole, Knight of the Most Ancient Order of the Thistle, and Grand Master Mason of Scotland, the Right Worshipful John Whyte Melville, Depute Grand Master, the Right Honourable Lord Loughborough, Substitute Grand Master, for ourselves and the other Office-bearers and Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and on the part of the whole Frater- nity of Scottish Free Masons, beg leave to offer to your Royal High- nesses our sincere and hearty congratulations on your auspicious union, which, we trust, under Divine Providence, will equally tend to promote your own personal happiness as well as to preserve those feelings of friendship which have so long existed between this Nation add the kingdom of Prussia.
" It is with no ordinary feelings of fraternal regard that we are enabled to recognise your Royal Highness as a Member of our most Ancient Order, and occupying a high place in a Grand Lodge with which we are on terms of cordial and fraternal friendship, and which this union, we trust, will be the means of drawing closer in those cords of amity, goodwill, and attachment, which should always exist between us as Brethren and Free Masons.
" That the Great Architect of the Universe may take your Royal Highnesses under His especial care and keeping, and that you may long experience every domestic blessing and comfort, and long live in mutual felicity, and in the hearts of the Prussian, as well as the British peoples, is and will be the sincere and constant prayers of the Scottish Craft.
" Given at Free Masons' Hall, in the City of Edinburgh, in full Grand Lodge assembled, this 1st day of February 18.58, and of Light 5858.
(Signed) *' Athole, Gd, Master Mason,
" J. Whyte Melville, Dep. Gd, Master, " Loughborough, Suh. Gd, Master,"
The foregoing, accompanied by a present to His Royal Highness of a quarto Copy of the Laws and Constitutions of the Grand Lodge, magni-
318 Tns HUiiTaRY op fuee uasonry* 1
Jiccntly bound in green velvet, and richly ornamented^ ver© prcscntod at tho iMlace lit Borliu hy Brotht^r Von Hevri^, iTepregentative of the Grand Lodge of En jf land, tJi tho unit voidable iib^ence of Brother Carl Yiiu DuUlePf the ReprenenUtlve of the Gmnd Lodgo of Scotland, and were most jjracioualy received by their Royal Ui^'hoesses, — Hia Huyal Ili^ljneqa expressing liliugolf highly plOAeed botb witb the beauty > andj akil) dijifOnyed in tbo worktnnn^bip, of the volume. I
The want hitherto of & euitahle Hdl for the Gruud Lodge haviu^ loDg been a subject of very general regret^ not only by the Brethren in Edin- burgh but by tho^u from a di^t^neo durini; thoir occasional visita to tbo Mftropolis, the Grand Loilge, at tbo Quarterly Comuinnication oo 4tb Mfty IK57j appoiutod a Committee* *' to consider the propriety mid prac- ticnhility of purchasing or erocting a Buildings for Grand Lodge pur* powflj and the means wheruby it may he aeeomplished/'
Accordingly, at a Jlefting of the HaU Committee on the 1 1th May, J various buihliugs and localities ^ere pointed out by the Members 1 as tho90 which, in tbcir eetiniation, wore the most likely to meet the requirements of the Grand Lo^lge and the views of its Members, andj after anxious consultation, it was agreed that the site, OS, Georgo Street, wns the only ono adbrding ^tfficient ^paee on which to build a Hall of the size contemplated by the Grand Lodge. Brother David Bryce, the Grand Architect, having examined the premises, reported in the most favourable terms as to their eligibility ; and the title-deeds having been also examined, it was found that there was no restriction to the erection of a building for the purposes contemplated.
The Reports by the Hall Committee and Grand Architect were laid before the Gmnd Lodge at the Quarterly Conmiunication on 3d August, after the reading of which, it was moved by Brother F. D. APCowan, — " That these Reports be approved of, and that the Com- mittee be re-appointed and furnished with powers to purchase the build- ing and site ; to uplift and pay the funds of the Grand LoJge therefor ; and, with the view of preventing delay, that plans be prepared by the Grand Architect as soon as possible ; which plans should be submitted
^ [The following were the Members of the Hall Committee: — The Most Worshipful The Grand Master, Chah-vian; The Convener, Vice-chairman; Brothers David Lryce, Grand Architect, Vr. M., No. 165; David Bryce, Junior, U.W.M., No. 97; James Finlayson, H.W.M., No. 151; William IJunter, R.W.M., No. 8, (Coiivtncr) ; Alexander Sclandcrs, Pr. M., No. 37 ; Samuel Soraerville, M.I)., Tr. M., No. 248; Robert Rama«;e, Pr. M., No. 3-'-'; James C. Walker, Pr. M., No. 177 ; The Grand Secretary and The Grand Clerk, eacq^dw.— E.J
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 319
to the said Committee for approva!, and exhibited in the Grand Lodge Chambers for the inspection of the Brethren for six weeks prior to the meeting of Grand Lodge in November, and then brought up for the final approval of the Grand Lodge." Which motion was seconded by Brother Thomas Drjbrough, and unanimously carried.
In pursuance of which Remit the Committee held a meeting on 18th August, and having considered the matters remitted to them, appointed the Grand Clerk, to act as Agent in the purchase of the site, and authorised him to obtain the same at a sum not exceeding L.5,000, with entry thereto at a date not later than 1st April 1858, and for that purpose to enter into and execute such Minute of Agreement and Sale as may be necessary, in name of the following Trustees, for the Grand Lodge, viz : — The Most Worshipful the Duke of Athole, G.M., J. Whyte-Melville, Esq., Francis Robert St Clair, Lord Loughborough, Samuel Hay, Esq., W. A. Laurie, Esq., and A. J. Stewart, Esq. The Committee likewise directed that Plans of the proposed Hall, and alterations on the building, should be prepared by the Grand Architect, and lodged in terms of the foregoing resolution ; which having been done, the sanction of the Grand Lodge was given to the same at the Quarterly Communication on 1st February 1858 ; and on the 26th of April, the ceremony of breaking ground and commencing the excavations of a Hall for the Free Masons of Scotland was performed, in the unavoidable absence of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, by Brother J. Whyte-Melville, the Right Worshipful the Depute Grand Master, in presence of a number of the Grand Officers and Brethren.
At the Quarterly Communication on the dd May, the Ceremony of laying the Foundation-stone of the structure was fixed for the 24th of June, Summer St John's Day, which was looked forward to with great interest, and took place with extraordinary splendour and success.
From an early hour the principal streets were crowded with the arrivals from the country, and with the multitudes who turned out in anticipation of the spectacle. Excursion trains were run from Glasgow, Ayr, Perth, Dundee, Aberdeen, Kelso, Dumfries, and other places ; and in nearly all cases where no special accommodation was provided, the Provincial Brethren were supplied with return tickets at reduced fares. The special and ordinary trains brought into town on the evening pre- vious, or early in the forenoon of the 24th, probably 4,000 or 5,000 per- sons, the great proportion of whom were Members of the Craft, the day being observed in many of the towns throughout the country as a holiday.
The place of meeting appointed for the Grand Lodge was the ancient Picture Gallery of Holyrood Palace, which, by the gracious permission
^ TAR Hmoar or pabb iluo^^ht.
of Her MAJc«tj tJj« Queen, hnd beeo placed unreservedly at Uie Jja- po«ail of tl:« Omoil Lodge, tire d«coratiotie of wLidi were boUi mtor^^titig fttid iaftt«iu1, the moftl promioetit Wmg a full -length portnut of " William St CUir of Hoaalyn/' the last Hereditary Gmod Master, and another of ** Williamc Schaw, Maietor of Wark" to Hie Majesty King Jamea the Sixth of Scothind* Tho adjoining aparLmeDta of tho Dnko of Hamil^ ton, Past Hmnd Mustor^ wero ntsm^ in the moat handsome man per, given by Hia Gruco for the acoomaii>JatJon of the Grand Officen ; vhlle tJie Daughter Lodges aa&embled In U»t^ Palace-Vard.
A Cvrand Proccasion having been formed id the reception -zooms, it proceeded to the Picture (Mhry, where the Grand Lot J go was opened at twfilve o*dock by Hia Grace the Dnke of Athole^ K.T., the Moat WoTehipful the Grand Master. The appearance of the vaet Masonir nafl«»mb]y at ihia time wa« extremely imposing, there being nearly 700 Bretliren^ in full eoetnme> aasi^tlng at the openin^^ and rarely ha« that noble chamber witnessed eo britJiant an aeeemblage^ In addition to the Grand Office-bearetB, vi* : — J. Wbyte-MeWille of Bennochy and Stratbhinnesa, Depute Grand Master ; the Right Hon* Lord Lf^u^bbon^nghf Suh^iitnte Grand Master ; Henry Inglis, Senior Grand Wnrdf^n ; Major-GeDeral T. R. Swinhnme, Junior Grand War^ den ; Samne) Un.y, Grand Treaenrer ; WiHiam Aleiamler Laurie, Grand Secretary ; Alexander James Stewart, Grand Clerk ; Rev. David Amot, D.D., Grand Chaplain ; F. D. M'Cowan, M.D., Senior Grand Deacon ; Thomas Drybrough, Janior Grand Deacon ; David Bryce, Grand Architect ; Charles Mackay, Grand Jeweller ; John Deuchar, V. W. Grand Bible-Bearer ; Captain P. Deuchar, Grand Director of Ceremonies ; Lieutenant-Colonel James Hunter, Grand Sword-Bearer, <kc., — the Masters, Wardens, and Representatives of Lodges holding of the Grand Lodge, and a number of stranger Brethren of distinction were present, amongst whom were the deputations from the Cumber- land, Durham, Lancashire, and Northumberland and Berwick Lodges. Several Brethren connected with the Grand Orients of France an<l the Netherlands were also present, but without officially representing the Lodges to which they belonged.
After the usual preliminary ceremonial of opening the Grand Lodge, the Deputations from the Sister Grand Lodges of England and Ireland were severally introduced by the Grand Director of Ceremonies, pre- ceded by the Grand Wardens and tho Grand Stewards, and received with full Masonic Honours ; their Commissions having been previously read and a})prove<l. The deputation from the Grand Lodge of England consisted of the Right Honourable Lord Panmure, K.T., the Depute Grand Master ; the Honourable Frederick Dundas, M.P., Senior Grand
THE niSTORir OF FREE MASONRY.
321
Warden ; Wyndham S. Portal, Janior Grand Warden ; and Richard W. Jennings, Grand Director of Ceremonies. The deputation from the Grand Lodge of Ireland consisted of John Fitzhenry Townsend, Q.C., LL.D., Depute Grand Master/ Thomas James Quinton, the Grand Treasurer, and John Elliot Uyndman, the Grand Secretary.
Meanwhile the marshalling of the subordinate Lodges was going on in the Palace- Yard, under the Chief Marshal and his Deputies, — and the Grand Lodge having been adjourned, about half-past one o'clock the procession began to file off in the following order, preceded by the Band of the 16th Lancers : —
233 Hamilton.
226 St John, Portobello.
370 Renfrew County Kilwinning.
362 St Clair, Glasgow.
360 Commercial, Glasgow.
349 St Clair, Edinburgh.
348 Elgin, Montreal.
339 St Mary Cal. Op., luTerness.
335 Argyle, Dunoon.
333 St George, Port-Dundas and
Cowcaddens, Glasgow. 320 St John, R. A., Saltcoats. 317 Camperdown, Dundee. 313 St Baldred, North Berwick. 309 Lower, Forfar. 305 St John, Woodhall. 299 Panraure, Arbroath. 292 St John, Rothesay. 291 Celtic, Edinburgh. 290 Blair, Dairy. 280 St John, Coldstream.
219 Star, Glasgow.
216 Stow.
204 St Paul, Ayr and Renfrew
Militia. 203 St John Operative, Airdrie. 199 St Andrew, Cumbernauld* 192 St John, Muthill. 190 St George, Aberdeen. 187 St John, Carluke. 185 St Adrian, Pittenweem. 182 Incorporated Kilwg., Montrose. ]81 Hopetoun, Bathgate. 177 St James, Old Monkland. 175 St John, Greenock. 167 Free Operatives, Biggar. 166 St John, Airdri^. 160 Roman Eagle, Edinburgh.
275 Shamrock & Thistle, Glasgow. 158 Thistle, Operative, Dundee.
272 St John, Mid-Calder.
270 Thistle, West Calder.
261 Tweed, Kelso.
258 Quhyte woolen, Lockerbie.
254 Caledonian, Dundee.
252 St John, Thomhill.
250 Union, Dunfermline.
248 Lockhart St John, Camwath.
242 Houston, St Johnstone.
238 Caledonian, Annan.
234 St Peter, Mousewald.
157 St John, Beith.
156 St Barchan, Kilbarchan.
152 Operative, Dunkeld.
151 Defensive Band, Edinburgh.
149 St Andrew, Irvine.
148 Trinity, Elgin.
147 Cadder, Argyle.
145 St Stephen, Edinburgh.
136 St Laurence, Laurencekirk.
132 St Luke, Lauder.
128 St John, Shettloston, Glasgow.
[Appointed, but unavoidably prevented from being present. — £.]
21
'^^ Vi^^ftn* Arbraatb*
pj Elgin. lioveii. ^ij Mort**"* Lorwicli.
4)7 Tbistlej Glaagow, 30 Navigation, Troon. g5 Kirknewton Sc Ratho. 82 St Duthus, Tain.
76 St Andrew, Annan. 78 St David, Dundee.
77 St Regulus, Cupar-Fife. 75 Dunbar Castle.
74 St Andrew, Perth.
73 Thistle <k Rose, Glasgow.
72 Kirkcaldy.
70 St Abb, Eyemouth.
69 St John, Alloa.
68 Doric Kilwinning, Glasgow.
62 Thistle, Dumfries.
60 St John, In verkei thing.
57 St John Kilwing., Haddington.
^^^urt«T^
^ St John, Inverary. 4!^ Ancient, Dnndee. 47 Op«ratiTe, Dundee*
46 St John, An<?l>t<?ranler, 44 St Loko, Edinburgh. 41 Str«thb(irt, Kirkcudbright 40 St ThtiimLs, Arbrotitb. 38 St ^Ilcliad, Crieff. 3« St David, Edinburgh. 55 St Jt^bo, F^lklaDd. 30 Anciont, Stirling, 2S St John, Kirkintilloch, Kil- winning. 27 St Mungo, Gltiagow. 24 Peebles Kilwinning, 23 Dunsp,
22 St John, Kilmarnock, Kilwng, 21 Old St Jahii, Lanark, 20 St John, Lesmahagow. 10 St John, Cupar-Fife* 17 Ancient Brazen, Linlithgow. 15 Mantroee Kilwinuing, 14 St J^hn, Dunkdd. 13 Torphirhen Kilwng, Bathgate. 12 Greenock Kilwinning. 10 Dalkeith Kilwinning.
9 Dunblane.
8 Journeymen, Edinburgh.
7 Hamilton Kilwinning.
5 Canongate and Leith, L. & C.
4 Glasgow Kilwinning.
3-' The Lodge of Glasgow St John.
3 Scoon and Perth.
2 Canongate Kilwinning, Edinr.
1 The Lodge of Edinburgh Mary's Chapel. Mother Lodge of Kilwinning.
51 Loudon Newmilns Kilwinning.
Provincial Grand Lodge of Glasgow.
Deputations from Provincial Grand Lodges in England.
Deputations of Stranger Brethren.
Deputies from Sister Grand Lodges of England and Ireland.
Grand Lodge op Scotland.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 323
The line of procession was^ in the first place, from Holjrood by the Canongate to the High Church ; and seldom perhaps has that ancient and pictnresque route, associated with the memories and traditions of many bygone scenes and spectacles, been more densely crowded than it was on the present occasion. The Palace- Yard, as far as the " Abbey Strand,'' where a barricade was erected, surmounted by an archway of flags, ike, was guarded by a battery of Royal Artillery, with their guDs and carriages ranged in field order, commanded by Major Craw- ford; the route from thence to the Nether Bow was lined by the Staffordshire Militia, under Major Inge, and from the latter point to the High Church by the 16th Lancers, under Lieutenant -Colonel Pattle.
On reaching St Giles' Cathedral the van halted and took open order, the example being followed by the Lodges in the rear, thus allowing the Grand Lodge, and the others, according to seniority, to pass into the Church ; the members of the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland receiTing the compliment of precedence. His Grace the Grand Master and his Office-bearers, with the Deputations, occupied the Eoyal Seat, the Lodges filling the galleries, aisles, <&c.
In the High Church the Grand Chaplain, the Very Worshipful the Rot. David Amot, D.D., delivered the following Discourse from Genesis, chapter xiii, verse 8 : —
** And Ahram said unto Lot, Let there be do strife, I pray thee, between me and thee, and between my herdsmen and thy herdsmen ; for we be Brethren."
'' Our time forbids me to enter upon any historical details connected with this subject ; and I therefore at once remark, that the great duty inculcated by the words now read is Brotherly Love ; and that I have selected this theme because no other could be so appropriate on an occasion like the present, when I have the honour to address a Society whose basis is the inmiutable principle of jtutice, and whose comer- stone is charity.
" The argument for Brotherly Love, suggested by the text, is con- tained in the words ' for we be Brethren.*
'' There is something peculiar in the term Brethren in this passage ; for, in strictness of language, Abram and Lot were not so nearly related by the ties of consanguinity as to be styled ' Brethren ' in the common acceptation of the word. Nor, as is the opinion of some, is the pecu- liarity explained, and the difficulty to common readers got over, by a reference to the well-known fact that among the Jews kinsmen of
VAj-ioDfl near degrees were de«igt]iitod by tbis term ; And thn^t in tbe pf«a<»t)t infttauce, therefore, it yrtis quite fippropriate, na Lot wua Abrtim's n«p1iew, aod also, as haa been corijocturcd, iUa brother of S:ir:tb, bin wife, Sonie FUppoee that, on tbeir departure from Ur of the Cbaldeett, certain srgns and tokcca were agreed upon by wblcb tticy maid all reoogntM each otb(?r t^ a peculiar people^ a thosen aociely, bound to one another by epocial ties of Brotherhood j ties ucknowltdged to bo binding r:tit only by the ohief«i but by the whole fraternity of their dependents. Without veuturin|T to offer any opinion on the probability of Ihijft eonjeoture, we may remrirk that nothing \s more natural than that bodies of mm should associate together, when urged by parli- rulrir circunistaueea to do so ; *?, y., ia order to defend thom^elves frotu the inroads of hostile powers, or the intrtwluetion of erronoona eenti- ineitts ; and that such Asttociatioas n^ere of very early origin is made apparent from tbe records of history Neither will wo enter upon any defence of the practice of etnpJoyiug eccret words and signs for the accomplisltment of euch a purpo^ ; althoagb it might jually he MTgtsi that in times of prevalent degeneracy, when error runs to aud fro, and is greedily adopted by men who maj^^ almost he aaid to desire to bo iafatuatod, true knowledge, especially koowloiige of a moral nature, is apt to be di^^ipated and irreeoTorably Wt when left in tbe bands of the irresponsible multitude, instead of being entrusted to the guardian- ship of the well-instructed few, and hy them communicated to others who, out of a true and honest heart, come to them as willing disciples, and thus testify their worthiness of participating in the benefits which such associations are avowedly framed to bestow.
*' It is at least perfectly clear that Abram, and his hand of trusty adherents, including Lot and his retainers, were united by bonds of the most endearing character. They had forsaken their native land, and all their kindred and relations, at the same time ; at the same time they had submitted to have all their early associations, prejudices, and attachments broken up ; they had been companions in the course of all their wanderings, vicissitudes, enjoyments, and sufferings ; they had been exposed to the same temptations and the same dangers from those heathen tribes among whom it was their lot to sojourn ; and they had all been instructed by their venerable leader in those doctrines, which, we may conclude, he received from the Almighty, when first he was commanded to depart from the land of his nativity.
" Thus they were all doubly * Brethren,' and under obligation not only to unite in order to defend themselves from a common invasion, but to promote, as far as lay in their power, the welfare and comfort of each other in their days of prosperity and repose ; and hence we see
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 325
the propriety and the force of the argument for the good nnderstanding and social harmony expressed in the words * We be Brethren.'
" Brethren of the ancient and honourable institution of Masonry ! per- mit an unworthy Brother to remind you, that if there exists a human Association on earth more distinguishetl than another for the principle and the practice of Brotherly love, it is yours. In the earliest ages, when mankind were sunk in gross darkness, the light of your mystic Brotherly Covenant shone, inviting with its benign rays the ignorant to approach, that they might be instructed, and the vicious, that they might be reclaimed from their enmity and strife. In every age, and down to the present day, the same benevolent spirit has been the badge of honour to every true Member of the Fraternity. Princes, Nobles, Senators, Philosophers, the good and the wise, of all ranks and classes of men, forgetting their nobility and their splendour, have sought the honour of Membership in a Society where all are considered as Brethren, and where only worth and benevolence confer a title to respect. Nor do you boast merely of a society long famous for the principles on which it is founded : The annals of Masonry are bright with a galaxy of deeds —deeds of the purest and loftiest philanthropy. We could tell you of captives delivered, and exiles restored, the oppressed succoured and the poor relieved, by the Brotherly love of Masonry. And we would remind you that its spirit is unchanged ; that its fundamental principles have descended uncorrupted from the earliest ages of the world, and that they are sacred and perennial. The great objects of Masonry are to spread the light of science and of useful knowledge ; to kindle and dif- fuse the glow of sympathy and love, and to promote the interests of sound morality and pure religion. That every Member of the Craft practically acknowledges these principles in his conduct we would not assert, for it is not the fact ; but he must be an ignorant and unworthy Brother indeed, who does not know that such are the tenets of the Society to which he belongs ; and if he acts in opposition to them, then with all his profession, he is no Mason, — ' the voice may be Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau.'
*^ Daily observation and experience teach us that the great mass of society is very slightly influenced by the spirit of Brotherly Love. We have only to use our eyes, or our ears, to be painfully satisfied that strife, confusion, and every evil work prevail to a most lamentable extent, both among those who are Brethren in the church, and in the world at large. Selfishness and party-spirit, the very antipodes of the Masonic spirit, and the great antagonist principles of Christianity, have usurped the throne and sceptre of disinterested kindness and universal
benevoleDoe^ And nnder their baneful eway eDcourag^yment w given to eelf- seekiDg, iudifference to the w^nt^ and Huffenu^ of ihosa arouDd us, to the animoelty aaU bitternetiA of p^riizaQsliipf ceQsonousQeas, malice, and eril speaking^. These rices htq, no doubt, to some extent the cbanio i^mtkos of all etagea of society } bat we perhaps live in that stage when they moat n^tumUy spring up, and moat rigorously lloiirish. Competi* don, which haa now bee o mo ucireraal io every profeasii>np cannot bo eustainod without contention ; in the race of humaii life we cannot well avoid jostling and impeding those whose movements may seem to croj^ or prove slower than oui own ; and in the acquisition of a fortune grettt temptations will occur to the expert and the powerful to keep down or to defraud such as are Jea^ skilful, or who possess not the nicane of resifttance and protection,
** And though observation were blind, we have too high authority for bolieviDg in the innate corrnptton of our nature to permit ua for a moment to qucetton the fact that the aeifi^h Jispoaitiona of the heart wilt oftvu prevail over our better principles, and betmy ua iuto a violation of our social ohhgxLtionsH. Of nuch violatinna no true and accepted Masott^. cnn doliberatcly be guilty, for all his actions are regulated not only hy rectitude and upnghtuesSj hut moulded into the symmetry and perfec- tion of all -harmonising love. And if at any time a brother is detected so far forgetting himself as to be guilty of a breach of the relative duties, it is not to be imputed to his principles, for they decidedly condemn him, but to his ignorance of those principles, and the absence of that spirit which they implant and foster. I would therefore, at this time, address you, Brethren of the various Lodges here assembled, in the spirit of a Brother, and would most earnestly counsel you to live consistently with your principles, by a rigid observance of all the duties of justice, generosity, candour, charity, benevolence, and piety. We would espe- cially counsel such of you as have been raised to the sublimer degrees, and who are naturally supposed to have imbibed a larger portion of the spirit of the Craft, and whose influence over the less exalted Brethren must be powerful and extensive, that ye let your light so shine before them that they may be led to admire and to imitate the virtues and the graces by which you are adorned. It may be that some of the junior Brethren arc acquainted with Masonry only from the conviviality and the mirth which they witness, and in which they share. Be it your duty to instruct them, both by precept and by example. The herdmen of Abram and the herdmen of Lot would have been encouraged in their animosities had they witnessed contention between their masters. And so it will happen with you, if a loftier spirit and a purer practice be not exhibited by those among you who bear rule in your several Lodges.
1
TDE HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 827
Snch of yoa as have more light than the rest shoald walk worthy of the light. You are like a city set od a hill ; you are seen by all and watched by all.
" Brotherly Love, then, may be exercised in two ways, directly and indirectly ; directly, by uniting with heart and hand, with your coun- tenance and your purse, in the promotion of charitable purposes ; — and, indirectly, by refraining from those practices which are at variance with the great law of love.
" For the first of these. Masonic Brethren have ever been distinguished. In the records of many Charitable Institutions the memory of their liberal contributions is embalmed, and the reward which they did not seek has been found in beholding the protection, comfort, and usefulness of multitudes, who, but for the Institution that sheltered and reared them, might have perished from penury, or roamed about, the pest and the disgrace of civilized society.
" Yon will easily perceive why we have called this the direct way of manifesting your love as Brethren ; for it is the natural consequence of your avowed principles ; it is the eflect following its cause ; the stream flowing from its fountain. This was the argument used by Abram in the text, and it is the argument we would, in the first instance, use with you, and with all whom we would persuade to do the works of charity and kindness. But there is also an indirect way of compljring with the precept * Let there be no strife;* and this we find pointed out, as it were in a casual way, at the end of the seventh verse, where we read, in im- mediate connexion, you will notice, with the mention of strife, that ' the Canaanite and the Perizzite dwelt then in the land.' This seems to us a most important parenthesis. It means. Why should we, who are Brethren, — who enjoy such exalted privileges, and who profess to be united by ties so peculiar and so tender, and to be a people altogether separate from the surrounding nations, — why should we indulge in quar- rels in the very presence of our enemies, who will therefrom take occa- sion to mock, and to say, ' What do they more than others who have no such high pretensions ? *
" Now, it must be very plain to all of us, that while we may main- tain the Masonic character in the highest reputation by deeds of actual charity, we may bring dishonour upon it by our violation of other lawGf, and our neglect of other duties, which it is equally incumbent upon us to observe ; and thas we may prove ourselves deficient in that Brotherly Love by which our Order should be distinguished . Whatever is a breach of the duties of justice, benevolence, and piety, is inconsistent with our profession, and injurious to the Brethren and to the world. You will, therefore, permit me to state, — nay, I must in conscience state, — that in
^4 Vm ftlOTCtnV OF FRrB »A«mRT.
»Otn« parte of the coajjitry a large measure of ridicule and scorn hafi beea heapM upon Maw>nr'y, botb by tho totally ignorant and tbe jmrtially initiated, from tbe too- notorious faut, tbal wbile it baa not byanymeftna a»urd to give fortb bnlllaat e^cbibitious of tts brotherly and cbaritable spirit, it lias yet been gigTialiEeJ, in an Clonal degree, by tbo intern pet- snco and di^erd^r of itu convivial meeting*!- For eucU Mota Masonry ia not an^werabto in any degree ; for, aa it permits rational and frlocdly festivity, as in nowise inconsistent with the spirit of pure and undefikil religion ; so, it w strictly forbids every appruocb to oxeese, and every iymptcm of disorder. NevortheUas, it ia a factj wbicb need not, and wbicb must not, bo concealed, tbat by many of tbe iil-iu&tructed HrctbrcD, tbe secret signs of tbe Fraternity are regard e^l in no otbei li^bt tban a pa«a]>ort to licensed revelry; and they do not tbink tbe nigbt properly Gpeot unlese tbey Lave indulged to tbo fnlL in interdicted debaucbety ; — tban which nothing can be more inconsistent witb their profession. Exeesis of every kind is robbery : It role either ^ man a family^ or tbe man's self, of nc^eu^Jiary enjoyments, and tbe poor of what is due from a richer brother ; or it roha *ocictv of tbe benefit of a good exaniple, whieh, though too much overlooked, is indeed a crime of ft reiy dark and malignant nature. He whose character is tbe opposite of temperate, iuduatrioufi, frugal, pure, and pioue, ju.^t does all that lies in bis power to render those around him intemperate, idle, prodigal, impure, and irreligious, inasmuch as example is a more effectual teacher tban precept.
" Nor is it of any avail to 8Sky that the man who is given to excess is also given to chanty ; for whereas he will get perchance only five to imitate him in his beneficence, he will get fifty to imitate him in his excess ; and thus he will pull down with his strong right hand what he has built up with his feeble left hand. Charity is a word of large signification. It does not mean money ; it docs not mean the expres- sion of tender sympathy with one in distress ; it does not mean love for a few select friends. It means love for all mankind ; love expressed in every possible way, — by precept, by example, by friendly advice and substantial relief, directly and indirectly, in private and in public.
" What effect, then, do you think such inconsistent conduct as has been mentioned will have upon the junior, imperfectly instructed Brethren of your Lodges, if by them it is witnessed in their superiors in office ? Will it not tend to cool their desire for more thorough initiation into the choice arcana of the mystic science, and to diminish their reverence for the Institution itself, and to look upon their solemn vows as no better than a ridiculous farce, with hardly enough of formality about them to protect them from a worse appellation ? I trust. Brethren, you
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 329
will pardon this freedom of speech ; seeing I speak not so much from observation as from hearsay; and seeing it is love of the Crafty and zeal for their honour and happiness, which impel me thus to address yon ; and seeing also that I hope better things of yon.
" But) again, what effect do you think such conduct will have upon the world — upon those who are without your light ? The ' Canaanite and the Perizzite are in the land ;' your enemies watch for your halting; they will maliciously rejoice in your misconduct, and in any strife that may arise among Brethren. We would earnestly exhort you to refute the calumny, if it be one, by your stricter and more circumspect behaviour in time to come ; and if it be indeed too true, go back to the real principles of your Order, build upon the old foundation, and con- struct a fabric of virtue and piety which the world shall see only to admire. Do justice to Masonry, and it will in a short time vindicate itself from all the charges and aspersions which have been cast upon it by its enemies. By your conduct demonstrate that it is founded on pure benevolence, that it gives encouragement to no manner of license, or of laxity of morals, and that it may be made an instrument of unspeakable worth in promoting the best interests of the human race.
" And in order that your charity may flow from a sacred and endur- ing source, let the love of God in Christ Jesus dwell in you richly. Be it your constant desire that a sense of your obligations to Him may reside within you. Listen to the language of St Paul — ' For we are labourers together with God : ye are God s husbandry ; ye are God*s building. According to the grace of God which is given unto me, as a wise master-builder I have laid the foundation, and another buildeth thereon. But let every man take heed how ho buildeth thereupon. For other foundation can no man lay, than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ. .... Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you 1 If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy : for the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are.' — 1st Cor. iii, 9. Listen also to St Peter — * Wherefore, laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil-speakings, as new born babes desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby : if so be ye have tasted that the Lord is gracious. To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious, ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to ofibr up spiritual sacrifices, accept- able to God by Jesus Christ. W herefore also it is contained in the Scrip- ture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner-stone, elect, precious : and he that believeth on Him shall not be confounded. Unto you therefore which believe, he is precious : but unto them which be disobedient^ the
330 rail arvTonr or PttsE kasonky.
Btono which the buUdera diB&lIowod, the Mmc is m&flo tie head of the
corner, aod a slt/ne of fitunibliD;|f, and a rock of offence, eveo to them which etaiuMe ftt the word, beings disobedientj wheronnto also they were appointed. But ye are a chosen genoration^ a royal prieathood, a holy tiatiouj a peculiar people ; tb«-t ye sliould shew forth the praises of Him who hath curllotl you out of djitrkaeaa into HIb marvellous ligbt.^ — Ut Peter, ii, K"
la the Chur«b of Weet St Gilee Divine Service wais conducted by the Rev. Andrew R. Honar, Minialerof the first charge of Canongate, acting Chaplain of the Lodge Canongatc Kilwinning, and who, on very «bort notice, uoderteok the duty of addressing tho^a Brethren wbo could not be »ocommodatod in the High Ohnrclt,
After Torscj? Gth and Tth of Pttalm cxxii had been aang^ by tbtt assemblage, Prayer was oflered up ae follows: —
" 0 Lor^l, Arcbitcct of the Uuiverse, we thank Thee for all the past mercies which we have enjoyed* To Thee we lift np cur cry, in Whom we live, move, and have our being : Thou art the former of our bodies and the father of our Bpiritflj Who compas^est our path^ and lying dewn^ and art ac<|uainted with all our ways; Who bast spread out the heavens as a tont to dwell in. Who takest np the islos as a very little thing ; Who hast also given to man faculties and powers whereby he is enabled to promote Thy glory, and likewise, through Thy grace, to contribute to the comfort of those who are about him.
" We entreat Thy blessing, 0 Lord, upon our assemblage, and on the occasion of our present meeting. Enrich us all with the possession of the treasures of Thy grace. Help us to live together as brethren in unity. May no jarring or discord ever enter amongst us, and may we seek to be brethren in Christ, and interested in the provisions of that Covenant which is well-ordered in all things and sure.
" Bless all now before Thee in their temporal and spiritual interests ; especially may our souls prosper, and be in health. May we keep the unity of the Spirit, in the bond of jieace and in righteousness of life.
" May the edifice which is this day to be founded be carried forward prosperously to a completion. Do Thou protect the workmen, securing them from all injury ; and, when completed, may it be made con- ducive to the strengthening of a spirit of fraternity and love among Brethren.
" We dedicate it, 0 Lord, to Thee ! And we beseech of Thee, for Christ's sake, to hear our prayers now humbly offered, and to answer the voice of our supplications. Amen."
TBE HUTORT OF FBBB MASONRY. 331
ADDRESS.
^ We are met apon a very interesting occasion. From all parts nearij of this portion of the empire Brethren have assembled : On no preTioos occasion has soch a gathering been seen ; bat, from the short notice given me, and for another reason also, my remarks shall be few, and condensed in regard to expression. Indeed, the protracted nature, necessarilj, of what has already taken place, and the importance of the ceremonial jet to come, would render it inexpedient for me to trespass unduly on your patience.
" Allow me then to say, that there is much reason for congratulation in connection with our present meeting. It has excited a very large amount of interest. Forgetting political and sectarian sources of estrange- ment, we are met as Brethren in unity. Acknowledging, as we do. Brotherhood in Christ, the highest and unfiling bond, — ^yet we believe this Institution and Fraternity to be wholly reconcileable with the pre- cepts of the Gospel, and in entire accordance with the mind and spirit of Him who said, — ' a new commandment I give, that ye have love one to another.' ' Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ.'
'' We have met as Brethren. Let us not forget what that relationship implies. Let all wrath, malice, and uncharitablencss, be for ever put away. It was meet that we should assemble, and beneath this sanctu- ary-roof, invoke God's blessing on our proceedings this day. We feel that it is a sacred cause, and are conscious that we are anew reminded of the strain which shepherds heard in Bethlehem, * Glory to God in tho highest, peace on earth, good-will to men.'
" From the highest heavens our Saviour came, that He might atone for His people's sins, and reconcile mankind to His Father. Were His spirit but imbibed, and His example followed, how very different would be the aspect of our world ! Oppression, war, slavery, alike would cease, and ' the kingdoms of this world ' would become the kingdom of our God and of Christ.
'' Blessed Name ! How often have the weary and sorrowing found in Thee a refuge. Healing for the diseased, comfort for the mourner, strength for the weak, aid to the tempted, — such support He is able and willing to bestow, and none have ever called on Him in vain.
" Looking, as we do, upon the erection of edifices upon earth, let us all remember also that there is ' a house not made with hands,* eternal in the heavens. Strife and discord there may be, sometimes, attendant on the erections of human industry and skill : But there was once a temple erected, the materials of which were previously collected and
{iroptirod. Nosoaud waa beard, as the stately fabric grew* So, Brethreut howevof strongly wo rocojjuiso tbe ties of Brotherbood on eartb, yet let U9 live iu expectation of tbat brigbtei- aod better worid ; liviog as candi- dates for it : Knowing tliat far away thore abalJ bercnftcr expand a more jnagniGcent orection, founded npon tbe everlastiog billed, — wb^ro no vtorm sb^iU ever ruge, — where oo tear-iirop aball ev^er fall, — wbcro oo gmvo eT«r aball be opened, — all wboae inb^ibitatita aball be ' boly to tlio Lord/
" McnDwbile, Jet us Btriro to keep our garmente * unspotted by tba tlosb ;* and lot the rcAdy b;ind be extended to aid our Bretbren. W^ profoe^a kindrodj^blp witb Christ ; lot U be our desire to jutitify tbat claim; and niay the whole of tbia day^s prooerluro be sanctttled atid blessedj for Christ Jesus' sake. Amen/*
At tbe conclusion of the services, the Procoasion wsw ro-formed in ib« SAino order as that to which it left I^lace-Vard, and proceeded down
Bank Street and the Mound, alon^^st Princea Street, Cbarlotta Street and S(|itare^ U* George Street, whero the Lodges took open order mi before, t4i allow tbe Most Worshipful tbo Grand Master, attended by tbg Grand Office- Boar ers^ and followed by tbe Lodges in tbeir seniority, to pass to the Site of tbe Foundation-stone, Tbe building, which ooitt^" pies the front portion of the site of the future Grand Lodge, bad by this time uudergone a nietamorpbosis fitting it to bear a part in tbe august ceremony about to take place. Masonic banners were displayed from all tbe upj)er windows ; a line of flags stretched across the whole breadth of the street ; while the entrance and lower window spaces were decorated with evergreen arches and wreaths of flowers. Tbe walls of the corridors were covered witb cloth, plaited in red, white, and blue folds, and the coiling was emblazoned with scrolls and allegorical figures ; while over the three inner doorways leading into the great Hall were worked in flowers, on a ground of evergreens, the words " Grand Lodge of Scotland — Juno 24, 1858." The Foundation-stone was sus- pended by a crane at the north-east corner of the Hall ; along the west side ran a balcony for the Masters and Oftice- Bearers of Provincial Lodges ; and at the south end was another, on which tbe Band of the 16th Lancers was placed. The Ottice-bearers of the Grand Lodge, and Deputations from the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland, occupied a platform on the east, surrounded by the Members of tbe Grand Lodge, and as many other Brethren as could find standing room. At half-past four, his Grace the Grand Master took his place upon the platform, sup- ported on the right and left by the Depute and Substitute Grand Masters, and accompanied by the Senior and Junior Grand Wardens, the Grand
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 333
Chaplain, the Grand Architect, and other Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge. There were also on the platform the Representatives of the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland ; Sir Archibald Alison, Bart., Provincial Grand Master of Glasgow ; Mr Forbes Mackenzie of Port- more, Provincial Grand Master of Peebles and Selkirkshires ; General Belshes of Invermay, Lord James C. P. Murray, <kc.
The Band of the Lancers having performed the National and Masonic Anthems, Prayer was offered np by the Grand Chaplain, in which he implored a blessing upon the undertaking, and the consecration of the edifice in the affections of the Brotherhood ; to which the Brethren responded by an unanimous Amen. After which the Grand Master called upon the Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary, and Grand Clerk, to deposit the coins and documents in the cavity of the stone, which being done, the Grand Architect brought forward the necessary craftsmen, whereupon his Grace descended from the dais, and laid the Foundation- stone in the usual manner, the Band meanwhile playing the Old Hun- dredth Psalm-tune.
On the completion of the ceremony the Masonic Anthem was again performed, the Brethren marking time with the usual accompaniment ; at the same moment a salute of fifteen guns from the Castle announced the completion of the laying of the Foundation-stone of The New Free- masons' Hall of Scotland. The Queen's Anthem having been per- formed to mark the conclusion of the Ceremony, three cheers were . given for the prosperity of the undertaking, followed by three cheers for his Grace the Grand Master ; the Ladies ; Lord Panmure ; and the English and Irish Deputations.
The Most Worshipful the Grand Master resuming his place on the platform then spoke as follows : —
"Right Honourable and Honourable, Right Worshipful Senior AND Junior Grand Wardens and Brethren : —
" On occasions like the present it is usual for the Grand Master to give a short address ; but here, however, there is not so much to say as there would have been had we been laying the Foundation-stone of any other public Institution. I cannot, however, allow this opportunity to pass, without saying that I am both pleased and gratified in seeing the Masons of Scotland coming forward so enthusiastically to erect a Grand Lodge Hall, thereby showing that they too feel with myself the neces- sity there is for such a Building. I must at the same time take this opportunity of thanking the Brethren for the very gratifying manner in which they have turned out to-day.
►
B$A TffR mSTORY OF FRRB HA^N^Y,
** W« are M extr«inely happy to see you, the Dcpmics from the Grand Lodges of EDglund and Irclanr], johiing wiiU us; I teudeir you, for myvelf atid Breilireiir our wannoat tbanka for tho honour you bave done u» in laying ih\s nioet iniporUDt Fountlution-^tone ; and I trust that the «toDO laid ihiB day will in conrse of time have sucli a superstructure tliat ^111 tlu credit U> the Masi^tDS of Scotland.
"I need eay nothing nior«, except that it must he m grttttfying to the Brethron aj9 it ia to me to sec the vt^ry flattering reception W4i have met with in Edinburgh to-day,"
After giving thn?o chcere for the Lord Provost and Magistrates of the City^ for Lord Tauinure, Sir Archibald A1is(»n, and others, the Grand Lodge and Brethren left the llall, and, joining the Lodg^ outaide, proceeded iu inverted ord^r by George Street, St Andrew S^^uare and Street, Waterloo I'laco, and tbu Regent ttoad, to Hulyrood Palaoo, where tboy arrivcil about hnlf^(mjrt five o^clock, when the Gmnd Lodge was c]oc»od, and the Orcthrou disperwed, the whole proceedings of the dayi being marked by the niu^t sign&l suocea^^
^ [Not the leant mtercfiCin^f of which wjui the d^I^Terj^ b^ Convener Qeor^ T)btrat(«, of the cetebm^ted " Blui^ Ulankot " tu Drotht^r Kerr of the Lod;^ JenmeymeDf Edtebur^b, in preseneo of fli^vertil of ihn I^oncona of tb« Incorpo- rated Trades and a large concourse of the citizens. The privilege of displaying this interesting relic on the present occasion was granted to this Lodge in con- seqaence of its original connection with the Masons of Mary's Chapel, one of the fourteen Incorporated Trades of the city.
The following particulars gathered by Brother Hunter, the present Master of the Lodge Journeymen, from the Uistory of this famous relic, written in 1722 by Alexander Pennccuick, Burgess and Guild Brother, will doubtless be perused with interest. According to Pennecuick a number of Scotch mechanics followed Allan, Lord Steward of Scotland, to the holy wars in Palestine, and took with them a banner, on which were inscribed the following words from the 51st Psalm, viz. : — In bona voluntate ttia edifcenter muri Jerusalem. Fighting under this banner these valiant Scotchmen were present at the capture of Jerusalem 'and other towns in the Holy Land ; and on their return to their own country they deposited the banner, which they styled " The Banner of the Holy Ghost," at the altar of St Kloi — the Patron Saint of the Edinburgh tradesmen — in the Church of St Giles. It was occasionally unfurled, or worn as a mantle, by the representative of the Trades in the courtly and religious pageants that in former times were of frequent occurrence in the Scottish capital ; and, on account of its blue colour, was generally known by the name of tho " Blue Blanket.'* In 1482, James 1 II, in consequence of the assistance which he had received from the craftsmen of Edinburgh in delivering him from the Castle, in which he was kept a prisoner, and paying a debt of 6,000 merks which he had contracted in making preparation for the marriage of his son, the Duke of Rothesay, to Cicely, daughter of Edward IV of England, conferred on the good town several valo- able privileges, and renewed to the craftsmen their favourite banner of "The
THB HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 335
The Dumber of the Brethren on this eventfu] occasion amounted to nearly 4,000 ; no fewer than one hundred and thirty-one Lodges haying responded to the call of the Grand Master, — a much greater number than had ever hitherto assembled in the history of the Scottish Graft.
His Grace the Grand Master and the Grand Lodge conveyed to Major-General Viscount Melville, K.C.B., commanding the Forces in Scotland, their especial thanks for the very handsome and liberal man- ner in which his Lordship had acceded to their request regarding the dis- position of the military, as well as to Lieutenant-Colonel Dalzell, Adjutant-Genera], and the other Commanding Officers, for their excel- lent arrangement of the troops, which had proved so eminently efficient in the preservation of order and regularity.
The New Freemasons' Hall, the laying of the Foundation-stone of which so full and minute an account has been given, is situated on the
Holy Ghost." James's Qaeen, Margaret of Denmark, to show her gratitude and respect to the Crafts, painted on the banner with her own hands a St Andrew's Cross, a crown, a thistle, and a hammer, with the following inscrip- tion, viz. : — ** Fear God and honour the King with a long lyffe and a prosperous reigne, and we (that is) the Tradds, shall ever pray to be faithfuUe for the de- fence of his sacred Majesty's royal persone till death."
The King decreed that in all time coming this flag should be ** the standard of the Crafts within burgh," and that it should be unfurled in defence of their own rights and in protection of their Sovereign. The Incorporated Crafts were therefore ever ready to hoist this banner when any of their privileges were assailed ; and hence James VI, in his work entitled " Basilicon Doron," which he addressed to his son ^enry. Prince of Wales, says : — ** The Craft»* men think We should be content with their wark how bad soever it should be, and if in anything they be controlled, up goes the Blue Blanket." The Crafts, nevertheless, showed no less alertness in bringing it forth to uphold the honour and independence of their country, and to protect the life and liberty of their Sovereigns. It is said to have flaunted amidst a thousand streamers of all shapes^ devices, and hues, on the Boroughmuir, when the Cratltsmen rallied to accompany James IV to Flodden. It was displayed to assemble the Incorpo- rated Trades to protect Queen Mary after her surrender to the Confederated Nobles at Carberry Hill ; and it went op to rescue James VI himself from a rabble that assailed him in the Old Tolbooth for refusing to listen to a petition presented by the Presbyterian Ministers, complaining of his undue leaning in favour of the Popish party. The last time it was publicly exhibited was on the visit of George IV to Scotland in 1822.
The ^ Blue Blanket " was long in a very tattered condition, but a number of years ago it was repaired by lining one of its sides with blue silk, so that it can now be exposed without subjecting it to much injury. It was inspected by the Grand Master, Lord Panmure, and other distinguished Brethren, who ex- pressed their gratification at seeing a relic so famous in the annals of the city of Edinburgh. — E.]
336 Tim wi^TDiiT wr fuke masonry* '
aoutL mJo of George Street, towards tlio west enj^ and extends bock- ward« to Iio*o Strwt Lane, Eitcrtially, the structure will lo tb© mean- time hnrc n, [ilain but elegAOt frontuge^ with ahofis on cither ?ide of a pilUred entmnce ^ the Becotid nod third floors being oc<nipied as the Libmry, Lod^^e Roonoa, Comnultee-lloomH, tbo Grand Secretary and Grand Clerk'a Offices, iiiidbou^ekooper** apartmenU. Proceedings, bow- ever, are U) be taken nis eoou a« practioablcj to replace this exlenor by a moch more imppHng and ornamcntiil frontage. iatemaUy, the Hall will reprrttfint an Jonic Tetnpln. A corridor and reetibnle of nearly 50 feet iu )t;Qgtb Ittida to tbo j^rtncipci) aparttneiit. In tbe deai^ and oroa^ mentation t«f which a great amount of artiiitic uktU will be expended.. It is to cousT^t of a spacious haU, T^"^ feet long, 36 feet wide, and 23 feet an height from floor to ceiling, the latter forming an elliptical arch, sup- ported by a range of Ionic pilasters^ with a rich entablatnre. Over each pilaster, on the frieze, are to be Masonic devices^ elaborately bmught out^ with a scroll omtiinental fricite between each — the other members of tbo coruice bdug aUo rifeotivcty ornamented. Light will be admit- ted by three large wiiulowe placed at tbo southern extremity, and also by Qutnerons panelled comp;irtmuots in the ceilings filled witb pfate- gloea, An orcheutm, having en arched •' back/* for acoustic pur- poBca, will occupy the north end, leaving a sufficient epace for an organ. The arrangements and construction of the cuisine — an indis- pensable adjunct to such a Hall — will comprise every modern appli- ance and convenience. There are also to be arrangements in connection with the building itself, and adjoining apartments, which will admirably fit it for a public concert-room.
The plans were prepared by Brother David Bryce, the Grand Archi- tect, and are now in process of being carefully wrought out under the superintendence of Brother David Bryce, Junior.
The Plate, which was deposited along with the coins of the realm, an Edinburgh Almanack, copies of newspapers of the day, and a Plan of Edinburgh, in the cavity of the Foundation-stone, bore the following inscription :—
By the favour of
The Almighty Architect of the Universe,
In the Twenty-second Year of the Reign of
Queen Victoria,
and on the
Twenty-fourth day of Juno, in the Year of the Christian Era mdccclviii,
and of The Masonic Epoch mmmmm.dccc.lviii.
I
I
fiaH tKrOrand, and Bnilding Fuii QmiatltaC^lJjy *•' '' ~-»» -".1«««4.^. -^
»
A -— — — ~«^.«^v%.c..r, » xii.
id, and Bnflding Funtt
».
c
Y^-
AU« iUavoaiO ApUCIMlWMlfM.DCCC.LyiTT,
THB HISTORY OF FBEB MA80KRY. 337
THE FOUNDATION-STONE OF A NEW HALL
For tho accommodation of the Grand Lodgo of Representatives of the
Ancient Fraternity
of
THE FREEMASONS' OF SCOTLAND,
Was Laid with great solemnity
by
His Grace Gborgb Augustus Frederick John, Sixth Duke of Athole,
Knight of the Most Ancient Order of the Thistle,
Grand Master Mason of Scotland ;
assisted by
The Grand Office-Bearers,
in presence of
Representatives of the R. W. Grand Lodges of England and Ireland, and
of a great assemblage of the various Lodges and Brethren of
Edinburgh and the Provinces.
David Brtcs, Architect. Robert Hutchison, Master Builder.^
At the close of the Grand Lodge the Brethren, to the number of nearly 900, returned to the Music Hall, George Street, to partake of the Banquet which had been announced to take place shortly after the conclusion of the ceremony of laying the Foundation-stone. The Hall was very appropriately fitted up. The gallery opposite the platform was reserved for ladies, a considerable number of whom graced the assembly with their presence.
The chair was occupied by the Most Worshipful the Grand Mastei^ supported on the right by the Right Honourable Lord Panmure, Depute Grand Master of England ; John Whyte-Melville, of Bennochy, Depute Grand Master of Scotland; the Hon. Frederick Dundas, G.L.E. ; Wynd- ham S. Portal, G.L.E. ; Richard W. Jennings, G.L.E. ; Lord James Charles Plantagenet Murray; William Mercer, Provincial Grand Master, Hong Kong; Henry Inglis, Senior Grand Warden; W. A. Laurie, Grand Secretary, &c. ; on the left by Thomas J. Quinton, Grand Treasurer, G.L.L ; John E. Hyndman, Grand Secretary, G.LJ. ; Lord Lough- borough, Substitute Grand Master ; Sir Archibald Alison, Bart., Pro- vincial Grand Master of Glasgow Province ; Hon. F. Drummond ; Cap- tain Drummond ; Major-General Swinburne, Junior Grand Warden ;
^ [In addition to the above there were also inscribed the names of the Grand Officers ; the Honorary and Representative Members of the Grand Lodge ; the Provincial and Past Grand Masters ; the Board of Grand Stewards ; and the Grand, and Building Fund Gomnl]4tee6.-^£,J
22
338 THB niSTOftT or free masotthy,
Dr Samuel Sninervillo, RcpreaenUtive »t the Orvad Lod^o of ScotUtnJ of t\w Cratifl Lo*1ge of IrelatJti ; AlexatiJer Jftniee StevraH, Grtin^l Clerk, ikc. Tlio Lixlges were pla^>©<lj as ftir as pmtrLiraUe, ua<[M tboir rwtpC*-*Live Mastprs and Ward<^na.
Grace was eaitl by the Kov, Audfevr I^ Bonar, wbo also rt^tutiiBtl Tiianks.
Tbfi tooflU of "Tbo Qu^eop" "Tho Princo Stward of ScotUutl," "Tbe Prinoo Contort and the Rojal Fumily;' " Tbe Cmft and Ftoi^- Masonry all over tb« World/' *' The Navy urul Army/* were eeverally proposed by the Cliainnan, and cordially rewived, — to tbe lost of whicb Major-froneral SwiDbumo replied*
Tho CiiAikMAx then pfoposcd '* The Grand Lod^o of Rn^'tan^ and tho Karl of Zotlmid*" Ho said — '' Tbey bad all benn vrty much gra- tified ia tt*^ti tbu Deputation from ihta Grand Lodge of Ki^^land, which bad kindly given tb<?m thoir preacnoo on this occasion, bpfulod by ibc Higbt Hon. Lord Paitnmre, D^pnl'^ Grand Ma»tef> He fdt it to bo tlie greatest honour that could have been paid to tbeni ; and he woiild only aay that if at any tim** tho aervicea of tbe Grand Lodge of Scot- land were rei^uirod in England, they would ni03t gladly and willingly repay the conkpliuionL*^
TLo Right Hononrahlo Lonl PANwrnn, in reply, siid — " Worshipful Grand Master and Brethren all, it is with tho greatest satisfaction that I rise to perform the duty of returning you my sincere thanks for the honour which you have just conferred upon the Grand Master and Gran<i Lodge of England. Brethren, it will be my pleasing duty, and that of the Deputation which has accompanied me from England, to report that we have this day witnessed one of the most successful Masonic gatherings that ever took place within the British Empire. I know of no occasion on which upwards of 4,000 Masons have been gathered together in sucb successful order, and with such attention to the rules for observiug their places, as I witnessed this day. Nor do I believe, except in this city itself, that anywhere else such a gathering could have taken place. We have had the privilege of seeing you lay the Foundation-stone of a Masonic Hall for the Craft in Scotland ; and the Deputition and myself have most earnestly prayed the Great Architect of the Universe that in the superstructure to be reared above that Foundation-stone the Masons of Scotland may advance the dignity and the interest of the Craft for ages to come. Brethren, it has been our lot upon this occa- sion to witness a very rare conjunction of the planets of Masonry. We have seen a Masonic garland to-day — tho Thistle receiving the Rose and the Shamrock, and uniting in one harmonious whole. With His Grace the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, I trust that iii
THK HISTORY OF FREE MA0OMBY. 339
EnglaDcij aj^ and in Ireland too, similar re- unions may take place, for I believe that tliere is nothing which can conduce to the unity of the Craft throughout the Empire so much as such great meetings as this, where the separate Grand Lodges are distinctly and individually repre- sented, and all three meet together upon the same base. Brethren, permit me to say, before I sit down, that independent of the gratification which I have received this day as Depute Grand Master of England, and representative of the Grand Master Mason of England, my heart has warmed to the sight which I have witnessed in the capital of my coun- try— ^a sight that must prove to the world, and to Masons throughout the world, that the Craft is cherished as warmly, as sincerely, as zealously in Scotland, as in any other quarter of the globe. Again thanking you, Most Worshipful Grand Master and Brethren all, for the honour you have' done the Grand Master Mason of England, I repeat that it will be a duty incumbent on this Deputation to report, in the most favourable terms, of the reception they have met with at your bands, and of the magnificent spectacle of which you have afibrded them the contemplation.**
The Chairman next proposed " The Grand Lodge of Ireland and the Duke of Leiuster," and expressed the gratification with which they had received the visit of a Deputation from that country.
Brother Quinton, in reply, said — " The reception of an invitation to be present at this great demonstration, had afforded the Grand Lodge of Ireland the greatest pleasure ; and for the deputation, he could most truly say that they had been highly gratified by the spectacle which had been presented to their view to-day. Indeed so interesting an occasion could not but be gratifying to every well-wisher of Free Masonry ; but to see such an assemblage as they had recently witnessed — an assemblage that in their wildest fancy they could hardly have contemplated — ^required much more eloquence than he could by possibility command to express his feelings regarding it ; but this he would say, that he joined most sincerely with Lord Panmure in imploring the blessing of the Great Architect of the Universe upon the work they had commenced this day, trusting that it might be for ages a nucleus round which Free Masonry in Scotland would continue to rally."
The Right Honourable Lord Panmure then said — " Brethren, by the permission of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, I again intrude myself upon you, and do so for the purpose of proposing a toast, which, although intimately connected with your own interests, I must never- theless beg you to assist me in doing the greatest honour to. It is to the health of an individual at present the supreme head of the Craft in Scotland — to one who has not filled that high situation with merely a
n&ino for domg iU duties. Eyot nnoo tlie Dtike of AUjole Iia« boen OrnTifl Maattrr f»f Scotland, b^ lias n>aiio it hU earnest omJeav^onr to aUi^uiK'o tilt* ijjti^ri?sts uf tlie CraSi to the titmoat of iiis ability, find be hM acliievtHl tliia hy jgiving tiia presetice, axtd leading thtt Cmtt, on all o«ca«ioDa where Ma8t>Di<i duties w(?to to be performed in anj part of ISootUnd. It K and must be, a subject of pride to your Must Worshii^ fid rjmtid ALtstcr Id know that eucU a Ntitional structuro as tbe SctJtt Monument wae inaugurated under liia prce'idencj. It must be a «ourco of pride to Idni io kitow tliat to tbe We^at he boa laid the foundAtion of a bridge which is to ttfford convenience not only to multttnde^ of the Citjw*nft i}f Ghiftgow^ but to tbe trade of a city third only in the world. 1V& owe to tho Gmiid Maxtor a dec^p debt of gratitude for laymg' ibe fonndation-jfitone of n refuge for #ickoess and misfortune in another g^rc^sU tmilin^ city of Bootland^ namely, in Dundee ; aud if bo bad doQO nothing dae tm a Masfin lu Sootlund^ he has tlxie duy jdac^^l the copo* Mone on hit* triumph us a Mattter Mawtij by laying tbe Foundalion-stoao of the Free Ma^t^Dci' Hall of Scotlabd^ Tbcso are but a few of the works of the Grand Master. 1 will not detitin you, for it wonld dctaiD you too longj to go over the wbole of tbem. Suffice it for lue to aay, th:it I think yon ebould bo proud of one who baa fille^l your throue eo bmg with 80 mucb credit to bEniBf^lfand bo mucb benefit to tbe Craft in Scotland."
The Chairman said — " I do not think that I can find adequate words to return my sincere thanks to Lord Panmure for the very flattering manner in wliicli he has proposed my health, and to you, Brethren, for the very kind way in which you have received it. Brother Lord Pan- mure has kindly alluded to difierent occasions upon which, as 3'our Grand Master, the duty of laying foundation-stones devolved upon me ; I can only say that when the Free Masons of Scotland did me the honour to elect me their Grand Master, I felt that it was the greatest compli- ment that they could confer upon any one, aud as such, I should be little repaying them for their kindness towards mo Avere I not to endeavour to devote the little time that I have to doing my duty to the best of my ability. At the same time I must say that those duties have always been to me of the most pleasing character, aud never more so than on the present occasion."
Lord LoufinnoRouGii proposed "The Foreign Grand Lodges," a toast to which every Scotchman here would do most ample justice, for he was quite certain that the heart of Scotch Masons abode not in Scotland alone, but, like the principles of Masonry itself, embraced the whole world. " I am aware (he said) that we cannot this evening greet a de- putation from any Foreign Grand Lodge ; but I know that there are pre-
I
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 341
sent many representatives of such Lodges who are alike an ornament to Scotch Masonry and to the Foreign Lodges which they represent, and I beg of such to carry back, when they visit or hold corre*- spondence with their Lodges, the good feeling which they have expe- rienced on this occasion. I would have them tell the Grand Lodges in Foreign parts that Scotland has at last a Grand Lodge Hall of her own, which, magnificently begun, would probably some day equal that of any in the world. In the garland adverted to by the Right Honourable the Depute Grand Master of England, I should wish to see the Lily of France joined with the Koae^ the Shamrock, and the Thistle ; indeed, there is no flower that may not be entwined in the garland of Masonry, — it being universal, reaching to every country in the globe.*'
Brother Dr M'Cowan, Senior Grand Deacon of the Grand Lodge, and Representative of the Grand Orient of France, in responding to the toast, said " that it was just three years since the Grand Lodge of France inaugurated their new Hall . On that occasion a deputation was present from Scotland, who were received with the most kindly feelings ; and he was instructed by the Brethren of that country to wish them the greatest success in the undertaking which had been commenced and so gloriously carried through to-day."
The Chairman next proposed " Prosperity to the New Hall. " He said — " I feel assured that every Mason in Scotland, as well as in other parts of the Empire, will respond to the sentiment, ' Prosperity to the New Hall.' I feel also certain that no building, the foundation-stone of which has ever been laid, will eventually prove of more advantage to the Craft than the one which has this day been inaugurated. The in- convenience arising from the want of an adequate Hall to meet in has long been felt not only by the Grand Lodge, but by Daughter Lodges coming to Edinburgh on Masonic business, and I rejoice that this incon- venience will now be very soon at an end. I must once more thank the Brethren in Scotland for the very liberal manner in which they have come forward to enable the Grand Lodge to build a flt and proper Hall for its meetings, and I trust that we may all bo spared to meet ere long within the walls of the structure, the foundation-stone of which we have this day laid."
The Chairman then gave "The Provincial Grand Lodges of England and the Deputations from them," to which Brother William Berkeley, Provincial Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Northumberland, returned thanks, and expressed the interest felt in the Masons of Scot- land by their Brethren of England, and the great gratification which he had had at being present at the proceedings of this day. On behalf of the Deputations from the Provincial Grand Lodges of Cumberland, Dur-
342 T01 Bin-on V o^ fr£6 ma^^rt.
hnxtif LaDcn«hlrcj and NorthttmbcrUod nud llerwick-ou^Tweftti, 1m bifgg«d U> th&Qk tb« Most Wombipriil tho tiruod AlaJitor for tb« bcinour a0W dona Utetn.
At tbia «Ug« uf tlie proceiHiin;,'» tho Oroncl Miuier mtiniAiod tbai A« ho was obli^'«d lo l*^avo towru by tram, bo had rpfiutsted tbe DoptiU) Omnd Ata«tor, B^Hlle^ Wbyt^MclviUo to take tbo diair; luL t>eforo ^jnitting it, be b<^ggod to propose tb<? cordiiil tlmnka of tbe Itretbreu to tbu ComTiiiindi^r-in*Chi<!ifj and to iht* comtaaiaWng officora of tbe )6tb Lunuuiv, Artilli^ry, and StafTor^Jsljirt^ Militia^
, for tbo valuable asoUtaiieo wbicb thuy bad aflordod them- Ht« Grace thou left the Hall, the BrelUreu tmn^ and Gbecrmg him ae belefl
Tbe l>c|>uto Omnd Miiator having taken tbe chair, Brother EWwortb jping a MaAunlo ebant, writt^m for thc^ occasion hy Mr AlL^xanii<*r MaoIaf^EJ^ atid dt^dicaloU, by pvnnid^iivii, to tbn Moet Wor^iblpful tbo Oratid Maater and tbo Rretbreu ; after wbicb
Tb« HoQOumblo Frederick Dundaa, M,P*, in [iropnatng ''Tbo Pro* vincial Grand Lodgee of Scotland and their Depulatii^nOj** eouploU trith the name of Brother Sir Archibald Alison, eipreaaod ** tiie very great grftti^catiuit thut tbu Momberft of the Grand Lodge of England htid ex^l
perieuccJ in hiiviug had tbo privilege of taking part in one of the grandest spectacles ever witnessed. It might have happened that a stranger Brother should have asked the question wliether Masonry pros- pered in Scotland 1 What ho had seen this day and evening had given a most conclusive answer to that question ; and he sincerely hoped that the ceremony tlicy had witnessed of laj'ing the first stone of a Grand Masonic Hall in this city would be the means of extending Masonry and its benefits to the end of time. He thought they might fairly ask — to what might they ascribe the prosperity of Masonry in Scotland ? They readily found the answer — to the zeal and encouragement afforded, and attention paid by tbo Provincial Grand Masters in carefully watching over their provinces."
Sir AuciiiUALD Aliso.n returned thanks. Ho said — " I feel that I owe the high honour of returning thanks in the name of the Provincial Deputations of Scotland to tho circumstance of being the Provincial Grand Master of that city which, in tho eloquent words of Lord Pan- mure, has been styled the third commercial city in the world, and which, I trust, may be said to be second only to this in tho zeal with which it is animated in tho cause of Free Masonry. I rejoice to say that 1 came this morning in the train from Glasgow with one thousand itealous Free Masons, and some hundreds came in another train from the
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 343
towns in tho vicinity. I am happy to say tbere is no part of the United Kingdom — I may add there is no part of the World, which takes more interest in the basiness of our Ancient Order than the West of Scotland, and I am certain there is not one in that great community that feels a greater zeal in the canse than myself. There is no indi- vidual, perhaps, who has so much reason to say that he is grateful to Free Masonry, for I am sure there are none who now hear me who have a family anecdote so interesting to narrate, or one which shows how much the principles of Free Masonry may surmount even the animosities and the anger of wan In the American War there was a young English officer who was wounded, and had a bayonet pointed towards his breast in one of the entrenchments that he was storming in the United States. When the bayonet was at his breast, be got hold of a young American officer, to whom he gave the Free* mason's grip. The American knocked up the bayonet, and saved the Englishman's life. He took him to his own home, and treated him as a brother, and for two or three months he lived in his family. That officer, thus saved by Free Masonry, afterwards returned to Scotland, where he married a lady, a relative of the noble family of Erskine, and the issue of that marriage was Lady Alison, my wife, and mother of two who have bled for their country in India.
" While I regard the grand demonstration which took place to-day as a proof that the great cause of Free Masonry, which was flourishing when the Temple of Jerusalem was built — which has survived the tyranny of the Romans — the conquests of the Goths — and the inroads of the Saracens — is now as rife as it was when Solomon laid the foundation of the Temple of Jerusalem — I feel assured that it will be to the end of the world as permanent as the principles of the Gospel, of which it was the prototype, and of which it was the completion — namely, the principles of peace to man, and good- will to mankind.
*' Allow me to say, before I conclude, that I trust that this meet- ing, composed of the Masons of Scotland, of Deputations from Eng- land and Ireland, and of a Representative of the Free Masons of France, may be regarded as a proof of the approach of that period when not only are the principles of Free Masonry to obtain a more lasting and a more permanent place than ever they have had since the days of Solomon in the hearts of mankind, but that the union which has been shown this day in this magnificent assemblage is a type also of that increasing warmth of feeling which pervades all parts of the British Empire, and which, I trust, will enable us not merely to unite cordially in all the works of Christian benevolence and universal philanthropy, but, should we be compelled to draw the sword, to exhibit
oa iDvincible front aliko to tbi) treachery of Sepoy tuutint^era and ftJI
Tho CuAmMAif, iti propoiin^ '* ?rQ«p«nty to tW Daughter Lodges of SeotlftTid/' rcfcrr^ to tbc noblo appoamnoia wLtoU they preaODt^ id the Pr&L^c8iion, Hi3 wo^ quite a^tia^ed tlu^t Lf aaythto^ were wiULtiiig to provo Lbo htgii a|kpromtioii of MasoiOTj lo Sootlaud &t this moraenti it oeuld Dot tievo hceti more fulJy shown than by the eppurimDce miulo by tho Mn:!otiic body thU thy.
Tbo olhor to.ijitji which followed were — " Tho l>optit« Grand Miuitert J. Whytc-Mdvilh*/' by TtioHxa J. Qiunton ; ^'Tlio SuUtitnte Onmt Miiati.'rf Lord Limgbborouxb j^ "TbeSuDmnind Junior Orarul Wardens /* " The Grand Trvaeurer^ timod Seur^Ui-y, tind other Grand OfHoen of tho Gram! Lml^^e of Scotland/ by the Chairman ; ** The Building Cont-* niittoo end Brother Hunter/* by Lord LorGUDonoraa ; ** The Grand Arohitotct, Brttther Brycc/' by the Chairman ; ** Tbc Duchees of Athole^ tbo I^dio?, and the Ladi^i prc*rnt/* hy Brother Miltox <it St An- drews ; ** Tho Omnd Mtimhtklf Brother Coghill," and " The Memory of St Clair of RrtwUti/' by the Ciuiuaian,
Tho Bauquot ti^nuiLiated shortly after ten o'clock, when tbe Brethren dteportieil, eoine to visit the Lodges lo l^ldinhhirgbt who cntei^ tsiiiicd l;it;jo Dopntjitinnw of tliolr rrovinnijil Bpotbn>n; whiist others attended tlio Hall in tlio Assembly Rooms in honour of the occasion ; at which nearly "iOO were present.
Tbo Patronesses were — Tbe Countess of Bucban, Mrs Craigie-Halkett Inglis, Mrs Gillon of Wallbouso, Mrs Henry Inglis, Mrs Mercer, and Mrs Merry. Tbo Patrons were — His Grace tbo Duke of Athole, J. Wbytc-Mclvillc, Esq., of Bennocby, Lord Loughborough, Major- Gencral Swinburne, Samuel Hay, Esq., Henry Inglis^ Esq., William A. Laurie, Es(i., and Alexander J. Stewart, Esq.
Amongst tbo company were — Lord Panmuro, Lord Loughborough, Lord Ncaves, Major Crawford, R.A., Captain Bedford, 79th High- landers, Captain Hay, E<linburgb County Militia, Lieutenant .AI'Farlan, R.\., Samuel Hay, Esij., W. E. Hope-Vero, Esq., Henry Inglis, Esq., Richard Hunter, Esq., George M'Kenzie, Esq., Arthur Campbell, Esq., Mrs Neaves, tbe Misses Ncaves, Miss Melville, tbe Misses Davidson, Miss Hunter, itc.
Tbe music was under tbe superintendence of Mr Howard, and the dancing was kept up with great spirit until an early hour.
Thus happily terminated Summer St John's Day, 1858 — a day long to be remembered in the Annals of Scottish Freemasonry.
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 345
CHAPTER XV.
HISTORY AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE GRAND LODGE, FROM THE QUAR- TERLY COMMUNICATION ON 2d AUGUST 1858, TO THE CONSECRATION AND OPENING OF THE FREE MASONS* HALL OF SCOTLAND, ON 24Tn FEBRUARY 1850.
At the Quarterly Communication on 2d August 1858, the Grand Clerk read a communication from tbe Grand Lodge of Ireland, addressed to Brother Dr Samuel Somcrvillo, their Representative in the Grand Lodge of Scotland, which contained the following Resolution, passed in the Grand Lodge of Ireland at its meeting on the 1st of July last : — ** Pro- posed by Worsliipful Brother the Honourable George Handcock, Junior Grand Deacon, and seconded by Worshipful Brother Arthur Bushe, Senior Grand Deacon — * That the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, duly assembled, at their usual monthly meeting on Thursday the Ist day of July 1858, desire to convey their warm con- gratulations to The Right Worshipful the Grand Lodge of Freemasons of Scotland on the auspicious event of laying the Foundation-stone of a Now Masonic Hall in the City of Edinburgh : They also avail them- selves of the opportunity to express the high satisfaction they have been afforded by the courteous and fraternal reception accorded to the depu- tation from the Grand Lodge of Ireland present on that occasion.' '*
At this meeting the sanction of the Grand Lodge was given to the draft of tbe Ceremonial to be observed at the Consecration and Erection of a new Lodge ; as also at the usual Installation of the Office-bearers of any Daughter Lodge. *
The Grand Lodge then proceeded to the election of a Grand Clothier, &c., in room of Brother William Donaldson, deceased, when Brother William Mann, of Messrs Millan k Mann, 135, George Street, was chosen to fill that office.
On th6 motion of Brother Bryce, Right Worshipful Master of Lodge St James, Edinburgh, No. 97, it was unanimously resolved that the letters from the Grand Lodges of England and Irelaad to their respec- tive Deputations to this Grand Lodge, on the recent occasion of laying
^ Vide Appendix X, page 469, anUcu
23
B4€ THV HPrnilir OF PHEfi MAEONJIV.
the Fauntiatiot) -Atone of ttio Frootn&sons* H&ll of ScotUnd^ BbotiU be fmmefl ft ml hung np in the CotDmittce Roatn* thereof.
At the Qunrtcrly Communimtlon hM on Sth Novtmbcr^ n let(^ from the Provrndiil Gmnd Miist«r of tho Pro vi one of Upper CiLiifttlA,
tint} another from the Provincial Gr^nd Ma«t«r of tha^ of Unltthgo^, feigning tLeir reapectivo offircp^ ^^tb reatl, and accopto'l with regret*
The Urantl SocfOtnry rrport,<^cl the prog-reA-a made with tho Now Unlit and nUiUnl that the Gniud Ardutect aeauroil him of ii» beiug r«:idy for CouiMM^Tatioii ia February eext*
Brother Hay, Right Worsliipful Master of tbe Lrxlgo Celtic, EJm- bur^^li ^nd Leith, No* 2£>li presentod a cbo^^ee for L.50, fts the covtri* bation of his Lodge to the Grand Lod^e Buildings Fund ; for which very handnome donatioji the tbtinks of the Grand Lod^o were unaiti- mf^unly accorded to hiiu^ and the Olfice-hearera and Meinhcra of tlio Lodgo Celtic*
On tbe motioD of Brother Dr SoiuerviUe, certain comtnanicationa made to him, aa Hepre^eiitative fn^m the Grand Ledge of Ireland^ relative to a miatindcr standing between th^t (^rand Lodge and tbe Lodge St George, Bermuda^ boUiing of thttt Gnind Lodge, were remitted to tlio Grand Ceaimittee, with fall powers to adjudicate thereon, and decide tbo matters at issue.
Brother John Ormiston, Past Master of the Lodge St John, Wilson- town Ironworks, was appointed to consecrate the Lodge St Andrew, Drybridge, No. 380, and instal the Office-bearers thereof, on such day as might be found suitable for all parties.
Brother Dr M'Cowan, Senior Grand Deacon, and Representative of the Grand Orient of France, moved that Brother Chevalier de Saulcy be appointed Representative from this Grand Lodge to the said Grand Orient, which was unanimously agreed to.
Tbe Petition and Memorial from the Provincial Grand Lodge of Glasgow relative to Mark Masonry, and tho working of tho Mark by the Lodge of Glasgow St John, No. 3-', having been presented, alongst with answers thereto from the said last-mentioned Lodge, it was agreed, in order to a discussion of tbe question at issue, to open tbe Grand Lodge in tlie Master s degree, which was accordingly done by the Right Worshipful the Substitute Grand Master, who occu- pied the Chair ; whereupon it was moved by Brother Andrew Kerr, Senior Proxy Warden, No. 3-', seconded by Brother J. G. Houstoun, Proxy Master, No. 4, " That the Grand Lodge of Scotland hav- ing on 1st February 1858 adopted Resolutions to the effect that it had been proved to the satisfaction of the Grand Lodge that certain Lodges have wrought the Mark since their foundation, and previous to
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 347
the existence of the Grand Lodge, and have continaed to do so till the present time, any interference with the rights and privileges of Lodges so situated was an invasion of the privileges of those Lodges, which the Grand Lodge was bound to protect. And having taken into con- sideration the complaint of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Glasgow, Resolve, That the Lodge of Glasgow St John was in ortler in continuing to practise a Ritual to which their ancient privileges entitled them, and dismiss accordingly the complaint of the Provincial Grand Lodge, and find no expenses due. Quoad ultra, till the special Committee appointed to confer with the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland present their report, defer consideration of all questions involved in this matter till then." Which, after considerable debate, was carried by a majority so large as to be almost unanimous.
The Brethren then proceeded to the election of Grand Stewards for the year 1858-59, when the following were appointed, viz. — Brother John Cunningham, — President Brother W. D. M'Ritchie, — Vice-President Brother W. Belfraoe. Brother Col. Jamfjs Hunter.
C. CoBBOLD. ... George Paterson.
W.Forrester. ... James Turner, Jr.
H.Gavin. ... Charles S. Law.
John Haig. ... A. N. Clarke.
John D. B. Hay. ... Owen Gough.
William Hunt. ... William Mann.
Evan A. Hunter. ... David Bryce, Jr.
F. S. Melville. ... James Finlayson.
H. A. M*Neill. ... Thomas Duncanson.
James Nairne. ... J. Elston.
S. Rathbone. ... C. G. C. Christie.
J. F. Skene. ... J. G. Houstoun.
J. Steventon.
1858. November 30, — St Andrew's Day. The Grand Lodge having been opened in due form by Brother Dr M'Cowan, Right Worshipful Master, No. 1, he declared the Offices of the Grand Lodge vacant ; and, in accordance with the nomination at the Quarterly Communica- tion on the 8th instant, he proposed as Grand Master Mason of Scotland
His Grace The DUKE OF ATHOLE, K.T.
His Grace having been unanimously elected, he was escorted into the Grand Lodge by the Acting Grand Wardens, and the obligation of office was administered to him by Brother M'Cowan.
" " " I ." irji~ **'** -^ ^"
Rtatn Hon. Lon LKM7cnoaoc«itf Si^ WMO^fM S«tHtiM« 6nj>J
nwjimt Imu^ W,«, Prwr HMt«r ■ Trivftr; Elm Bulit WMlii|>riiI
OMlk' l>itoLar, m^t W«nfc>ptal Jvior GfUMl Wmnlcn. SaHVMl JUy, (Union lUDk.) ProTV Ma«uv ' PmUoi KQvtsttt^^*
WtLLfut Ai.i£X^jrt)»t L^rftie, W,5_^ Ptvxy MaJlvr ' Ri^of Sur tiF Wc*«em Utik* BocnUj, ^l^hi Wonbi|ifnI Grmm*] SecnrUfy.
ALBLiUii'Eii Jamza Stewart, W.&., Proxy Mtfter ' St Jobn/ Dnnkdd, Kjgbt WonliiiJ^ul Grind Clerk.
Uttr. David Ammt, DJ)., Pr^xr Muter ' B^rat," HftCliu, Nom Soollft, V«tf7 WonUpfiU Giaad C^uipliiB.
F, D* M'Oowji?(, M.P., Rtj^fct TiVo«liipfiil Martyr ' Lo-tp^ of EilititorarS
Mriry'* ''[jf^l^'^'/ v^.f^.r w r.^kir.fQ] Senior d-T^J iK-i^,.-,
TnoMAH DiiYBRoifiH, Right Worshipful Master *Canongat<» Kilwinniog/ Edinburgh, Very Worshipful Junior Grand Deacon.
Davii7 Buyce, Proxy Master, * Royal Arch/ Ayr, Very Worshipful Grand Architect.
CiiARLicH Mackay, Proxy Master * Royal Arch,' Rutherglen, Very Worshipful Grand Jeweller.
John Dkltiiar of Momingside, Proxy Master * St Mark,' Glasgow, Very Worshipful Grand Bible Bearer.
Captain P. Dkuciiar, R.N., Proxy Master * St Ninian,' Brechin, Grand Director of Ceremonies.
Lieutenant-Colonel James Hunter, Proxy Senior Warden ' St Michael,' Crieff, Grand Sword-Bearer.
Charltch W. M. Muller, Proxy Master * Kilmollyniock,' Elgin, Grand Director of Music.
John Cooiiill, Proxy Master * St George,' Aberdeen, Chief Grand Marshal.
James Watters, Grand Marshal.
\\'iLLiAM M. Bryce, Grand Tyler.
Brother William Mann, Clothier and Paraphernalia Maker.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 349
The obligation defidell administraiione was then given by the Grand Master to the various Office-bearers present/ after which the Brethren adjourned to celebrate the Festival of St Andrew.
The occasion was one of more than usual interest to the Brethren, as the young Marquis of Tullibardine was for the first time introduced by his noble father to the Grand Lodge, he having been initiated that morning in the Lodge St John, Dunkeld. After the usual loyal toasts had been given and received, and the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland duly honoured, Brother Dr M'Cowan proposed the health of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, enlarging upon the progress which Masonry had made in the kingdom during the time that his Grace had held the office of Grand Master Mason of Scotland, and congra- tulating the Craft on his Grace's re-election. In reply, his Grace expressed his gratification at being again chosen to fill the office he then held, and his anxiety to do all in his power to forward the interests of the Craft. The healths of the visiting Lodges were then given, and respectively acknowledged. At the conclusion of this series of toasts General Swinburne proposed the health of the Most Noble the Marquis
' The following are Honorary and Representative Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, viz. : —
Honorary Mewbers.
Ills Majesty Osoar, King of Sweden and Norway. 11. R. H. Prince Frederic of the Netherlands.
Reprcdentative Members.
To the Orand Lodge of Eitghnid.— Brother the Right Uonourable Lord James
Charles Plantagi.xet Murray. From the Orand LoOge of England — Brother the Right Honourable Baron
1*ANMURE, K.T.
To the Grand Lodge of Ireland. — Brother the Honourable Augustus G. F.
JOCELYN.
From the Grand Lodge of Ireland. — Brother Samuel Somervillb of Ampher- law, M.D.
To the Grand Lodge 0/ fi'twc/en.— Brother Adolf Gustaf Bredenbero.
From the Orand Lodge of Swtdtn. — Brother W. A. Laurie, Grand Secretary.
To the Grand Orient of the Netherlands. — Brother Professor D. J. Veeoins,
Amsterdam. From the Grand Orient of the Netherlands. — ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
To the Grand Lodge of Hamburg. — Brother ('arl Ferdinand Unoeb. From the Grand Lodge of Hamburg, — Brother Adolpuus Robinow. To the Grand Lodge of Prussia. — Brother Carl von Daulkn. From the Grand Lodge of Prussia. — Brother Professor W. E. Aytoun. To the Grand Orient of /Vance.— Chevalier De Saulcy, G. O. de France. From the Grand Orient of France. — Brother F. D. M'Cowan, M.D., Senior
Grand Deacon.
TBK BtSTORT OF rnBB MASONHY,
of TuUibardino, wlucb waa rocoived willt Masonic UotiDUis. TLe noble M^niiuit u^ulo ftM apfirupmtd reply, ami expt^tftttnl Ihti utmoist g»t]£ca^ lion at boing a({niitto4 iato the Fraternity. Tb^ remuintng toaaU, vix, Ibo btttltbei of the Dopni^ Gratid Mat^tor, Jf)bii Wliyte-MolvilLe, Esq. ; of tbi3 SuUtttuU Grand Master, Lord Lougbbcrottgh ; of tbo Dacbeas of AUjoIo ; auJ tbt? Oruti*! Warilouft, bavlug hteu rvapoctivcly ^iV(;ti, tb« pcooetdiDgs Urminat^d by tbe cl(^it>g of the Onnd Lodge in urojile
At tbe Quarterly CotnniiinicatioD on Ttb Febraary 18^f) tb^ follovr- ii)g Brethren wcro dented to [>crrorm tho datics of Gnud Coiumiltee for tKoyfliir 1859-60, r\t.\ —
^K Tn^ Gaamd Master. Dkittk Qhanix MAjn-im.
I Tbo MA^Tt:K;*i of alt Lodges in Ediobargb, LiJJtb, ttud Portobello, vit.: —
ft
TuoMAN Dryurocgii, CanoQgato KitwioDtng*
Tn(tMAJ« nr>:cA>, Caoong&to and Loitb, Loitli aird Canoii£Ht«.
WiLMAM Ui/>TFJi, Jouruoyuion, Kdixiburgb,
Alexander Dow^lk, St P:ivid, Etriubtir^'b. „ George Paterson, St Luke, Edinburgh. „ Charles S. Law, St Andrew, Edinburgh. „ James Leooat, St James' Operative, Edinburgh. „ Edward Mitcuell, St Stephen, Edinburgh. „ George Lainq, Edinburgh Defensive Band. „ Dr MiDDLETON, Roman Eagle, Edinburgh. „ Alexander Scott, St John, Portobello. „ Patrick Cowan, Celtic, Edinburgh and Leith. „ William Mann, St Clair, Edinburgh. „ Thomas Pearson, Trafalgar, Leith.
And the following Proxy Master^^ : —
Brother William Belfrage, Ancient, Stirling.
„ W. Ireland, St Luke, Lauder.
,, A. N. Clarke, Panmure, Arbroath.
„ Adolphus RoBiNOW, Eastern Star, Colombia.
„ William Hunt, St John, Dunfermline.
,, James Turner, Junior, Torphichon Kilwinning, Bathgate.
,, Jamls C. Walker, St James, Old Monkland.
„ William Pringle, St John, Beith.
,, James G. Thallon, St Thomas, Arbroath.
TUE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 351
Brother S. Somerville, M.D., Lockhart St Jobn, CarawatL.
„ Andrew Kerr, Lodge of Glasgow St John.
„ William Mann, St Nicholas, Aberdeen.
„ R. Shedden Patrick, Mother Kilwinning.
„ Lindsay Mackersy, Caledonian St John, K A., Campsie.
„ T. H. Douglas, King Robert the Bruce, Auchtermuchty.
„ John Coghill, St George, Aberdeen.
„ Alexander Hay, Midcalder.
„ James Nairne, Royal Arch, Cambuslang.
„ David Bryce, Junior, Stow.
The Lodges " Trafalgar," Leith, " St John," Galashiels, " St Mary," Coltness, and " Stonehaven," were, upon petitions presented by each, respectively reponed, on payment being made of all arrears of Grand Lodge dues. A new Charter was ordered to be expede in favour of the Lodge " Zetland," Grangemouth.
The Grand Secretary read printed excerpts from Minutes and Resolutions adopted by the Standing Committee of the Supreme Royal Arch Chapter of Scotland, of date 8th December last, and Minute of approval thereof by the Supreme Body on the 15th of that month, pro- testing against this Grand Lodge working the Mark Master*s ritual. The Grand Lodge having considered these excerpts, and also the laws of the Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter, were of opinion that that body have acted at variance with their own laws, which enact the recognition of any one as a Mark Mason or Past Master that has been made in a Chapter holding of themselves, or i7i a Lodge holding of tlte Grand Lodge of Scotland ^ and directed the Grand Secretary to write to Com- panion Gaylor, pointing out the discrepancy between the resolutions and the laws of the Supreme Body.
Thursday, the 24th February, having been fixed upon for the Consecra- tion and Inauguration of the New Free Masons' Hall, 98, George Street, Edinburgh, the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, the Grand Officers, and Grand Stewards, met in the ante-room of the Great Hall^ at half- past 12 o'clock, where, having been clothed in the proper regalia of their respective offices, the Grand Lodge was opened in ample form. A pro- cession was then formed, and the Grand Master, preceded by the Grand Stewards with their rods, together with the other Office-bearers, <ko., passed into the Great Hall, where they were received by the Brethren, all standing, with the usual Masonic honours, the organ playing until the Grand Master was conducted to his place. The Grand Master having taken the Chair, stated to the Brethren that jthe Grand Lodge had been already opened, according to ancient custom on similar occa-
rsM norroftY ov f^cR ^utftonttY.
«iuuB. Wliemifiou Tbc Vory Worrhipful Uio Actiug^ Grmi^d Cimplailt, Brollior Atidn^i* H-^ Bonur, (the OnwiJ ChapUin Wmg^ abseot frum in- Jijfpositiojj,) commeucod tlie c^remowj of Co&aeciutiod by oUering up ibo Mhwiug pmyor :—
n Ailorsillo Lonl God, Maker uf all tJiin;?!^ attd Jadge of aII mcit^ ref*KnI, wo liitmblj boaoM^b Tln?cj, tvilh Thy spocloJ favont, this oiir proHent titidcrUk- id|f, aud grat]t (bat the work wlijch trc row commence io TUjr tiHtnt^ may c^oq- duoc to Thj^ glt^fy* ^iid to lb« eood, ttmipomJ and eternal^ of Tbj dr|>cnd«tit cruAttircs. L«t a scrujtalotiv rc^tt^ to the obltj^iLtioii which, iti Thj tiiuno^ ood atidcr Tbine all-aeoiu^ uyOf ^^ ]iavo sutured intOf iliatinj^tsh ilU upon wboia our prlTil«gv« liav© Leva cmifHTTtHl,— tbat they, abouodinfif in all bolj cohv^t- Motion aud |;odUjiefn», may U<coni& tnut nitd worth)? aofflbtm of itor vm^qublt Onfor, ftitd Ibat ilidr [^raclkti muy, in wit thiitga, comwipond witb tUotr pfl>* famtioti,
R^4p<m^ hy the lirtihrtm.*^-^ uoto it l>t>; followed by tbe Gnicid Honodrft and Soleuixi MQ«io*
BroUier The Htiverend Willum Gtnb&m of Nowhaven, A^jistant Acting Grand CJiaplait», tbon rcail P^lm cxxx[it> when the Gmud HotiQuri! wcro tkguin givoti j aft^^r which tho fi>tIoviu^ OrHtioTi wfi^ pro* tiouDced by lbs Very Worttlilpful the Acting Giuud Chaplain ; —
" Mon'Wousnii'FULGRANDMAfJTEd, OnAxr Officers, awd BREmrBEX.
" I have reason to regret that the honour of addressing you on this im- portant occasion has not, from unforeseen circumstances, fallen to the lot of my Reverend Brother, Dr A mot, Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, whose services, rendered on occasion of the laying the Founda- tion Stone of the Edifice in which wo are met this day, gave such satis- faction to the Members of the Fraternity, that had from so many dif- ferent quarters assembled.
" We cannot forget the imposing ceremonies of that time, and the proof given of the extensive diflusion of Masonic light. Brother met Brother upon an high and peculiar occasion. Far separated friends were anew reminded of obligations resting upon them mutually, and departed to their several homes with a deepened conviction that Free Masonry has most important ends in view, and contributes to the secur- ing of most valuable results.
" Christianity — the Gospel of Christ — is the great motive power that acts upon a dead and slumbering world, — proclaiming the Son of God to man, and enforcing the love which man owes to his brother. Under its influence the bonds of slavery have been relaxed, if not entirely broken : the position of the female sex has been altered for the better: even the horrors of war have been softened ; and, for the mitigation of distress.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 353
and the alleviation of the woes of suffering humanity, sums have been contributed and hospitals erected, — circumstances which were wholly unknown in heathen times.
" Christianity, I repeat, prefers the true balm for human misery — the remedy for man's sin. It teaches the details of duty, and enforces them from the highest motives, while it opens up to view a vision of the celestial mansions in which the just shall dwell,— elevated far above the storms which rage over this lower region ; — * where the pure in heart shall see God,' and the mourners shall have their sorrows com- forted,— where there shall be nothing * to hurt or offend in God's holy mountain,' — where, under a pure and serene sky, undarkened by cloud, the generation of the blest shall rejoice in the light of God's counten- ance for ever.
" Masonry has sometimes been denounced as antagonistic to religion. There is, some say, the motive power, — and shall man dare to supple- ment its working by any human institution or contrivance, as though unhallowed hands were touching the ark of God 1 Our secret symbols —our exclusive gatherings, have been misrepresented : the faults, too, entirely unconnected with Masonry, the errors and vices of members of the Craft, — have been appealed to as confirmatory of the accusation, — by the uninstructed and unenlightened. Let it be our aim to vindicate Masonry from such aspersions, untrue and undeserved. Our meetings are begun with prayer, — our proceedings are carried on in the fear of God. No dark conspiracies are formed amongst us. We would fear God — we reverence the Queen. With the utmost latitude of feeling regarding political dogmas and external points of religious faith and practice — we recognise, and I trust feel, the force of that sublime law of brotherhood— obeyed in recognition of Him, our Almighty Parent, who * made of one blood all the children of men ' who dwell on the face of the wide earth. With various measures of hope and belief, do we not strive to tread in the track of Him, our Saviour and Elder brother, who said, ' By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another?' * We know that we have passed from death unto life, because we love the brethren.'
** What we would desire to advance for Free Masonry is, that it may prove auxiliary to a higher power — that which draws us to the love and service of Him who gave us being — who has placed us in this goodly uni- verse— and enjoined on us the duties of active piety and benevolence. Such duties are not impeded, they are helped on by the impulse which brings us together ; and, if we remember that One who was far * greater than the sons of men' consented to tread, ' n weary pilgrim on the world's highway, ' — that over the ' acres of Palestine trod those blessed feet
3.')4 TIIK HI.STOUY OF FREE MASONRY.
that wore nailed to tho cross for man's redemption ; ' tbat He cared foi the poor and such as had none other to comfort them, we may take en- couragement in tliinking that we are so far complying with the roqaest of Him who said — * A new commandment I give unto yon, that ye love one another/ as ' I have loved you.'
" This Hall is dedicated to ' Virtue,' — a term applicable, in its proper acceptation, to * manly strength,' such as Craftsmen are called open to exert,— or to that abstinence from evil and that desire of doiag good which every member of the Fraternity is called npon to cnlti- vate. There is solid and substantial good wrought through this cod- federacy, spread through all parts of the world, — even where around far
* Remoter isles the ecu- waves beat.*
" How often have the hearts of Brethren been warmed and stirred to- wards a poor, depressed Brother ! What liberal gifts have shewn tbat each will assist his Brother as far as he has means ! The sacred bond of Masonry has been recognised when foe met foe upon the field of hon- ourable warfare. Its ties have bound Brethren to do something, nay much, for a Brother's wife and children. Without exaggeration I may say that, within the compass of its sphere, it has walked as a ' minister- ing angel,' soothing the di.stressed, comforting the desponding, and hold- ing out its free-will gifts with an ungrudging, unselfish hand.
'* Let us i?trive to * keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace and in rightcouanoiss of life ;' renicnibering thiit ^ pure religion and un- tlolilcd before God and the Father, ih to viait the fatherless and widows in their aflilction, and to keep ourselves unspotted from the worM/ * Let us seek, us we have oj>portunity, to do good to all/ and remember likewise the tic of brotherhood by which we are connecte<l.
'* ]Masonry presents one spot of j)eace upon this earth of varying sentinients and creeils, whore brother e>tecms brother, and friend meets friend, — a feeling that cannot be opposed to tliat of Him whom wo own to be our Master and Lord.
** Not long since, not merely Scotland, but the Empire generally — nay many in our distant Colonial possessions — paid homage to tho memory of Scotlantl's true>t Poet — who, whatever the errors of his c.ireer, ;uid the sad reverses he encountered, — has yet uttered many a .strain which the world cannot let die. Tho homage was paid to the memory of a man of intellect, and a JJrot/nr whom the Creator had gifted with hi^h and peculiar powers. The (Jenius of his native land caught him in the corn-Iield and upon the hill-s>id(3. The * moors and mosses' he invested with poetic lustre. On the ' lanimas night ' the harvest ni'>on --till sernis to shed its beams. Ilis s<»ngs go straiirht to the heart.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 355
His truthful descriptions will remain so long as oar language lives. Bat who can tell how mach his efforts were inspired, and the flame of ambition was kindled in his breast, by the * kind glad greetings * of the Brotherhood ? one section of whom shewed their appreciation of his genius by conferring upon him the Laureateship of the Canongate Kilwinning.
" This incidental notice, I trust, may be pardoned, though it may serve to * beet the patriotic flame.' But we profess to hold ourselves by the ties of a much more universal Brotherhood ; and all will cordially join with me in the desire that this day's proceedings may issue in sub- stantial fruits ; that the Divine approbation may rest on our procedure ; that the ' flame of brotherly love ' may be augmented ; and that the * Great Architect of the Universe * may bless all here assembled, and all the Brethren throughout the world."
The Oration was followed by the Anthem (with full organ accom- paniment) " When earth's foundation first was laid," <fec., as on page 470, antea, Appendix x.
The Grand Architect was then desired to lay upon the table the Jewels of the Grand Master, which having been done. His Grace de- sired the President of the Grand Stewards to deliver to the proper OflScers the Jewels of their respective Officers, viz. : — The Compasses and Square to the Depute Grand Master, the Square to the Substitute Grand Master, the Level to the Senior Warden, and the Plumb to the Junior Warden, which being done, the Grand Secretary delivered the following Address : —
" Most Noble and Most Worshipful Grand Master,
" A brief period of time has elapsed since your Grace stood within this area, snrrouuded by the Freemasons of Scotland, — at the greatest Masonic Gathering that has ever taken place in Europe, — and founded, by the favor of Divine Providence, the noble, the chaste, and beautiful Temple in which we now stand, and are met here to consecrate with all Masonic solemnity.
* *^ Like the Founder of the First Temple, the Monarch of Israel, your Grace invoked the blessing of the Almighty Architect of the Universe upon the work ; and the successful termination at which it has this day arrived, without difficulty, and without accident of any kind, must con- vince all, that by His blessing alone, they who have builded the House have not laboured in vain.
" With heartfelt zeal and sincerity, allow me thus. Most Worshipful Grand Master and worthy Brethren, to congratulate you, and the Hall
356 THE HISTORY OF FUEE MASONRY.
Committeo^ and all concerDcd, on the great progress, stability, and ever- increasing prosperity of the Craft, which have enabled this Fraternal and National work to be coniplete<l, — ^an edifice, which does equal credit to the talents and taste of the Architect, as well as to the Crafts- men who have executed the work, and which promises to add to the strength, and beauty, and glory of Free Masonry throughout the civi- lized world.
" Whence all this perseverance, and even this popularity in the build- ing of a Hall 1 Is it not because the character of the Fraternity is reflected in its institution, in the events that excite its enthusiasm, aa well as in the monuments it has assisted in raising, and which have become the objects of its chief interest i The Brethren in maiuy dis- tant lands, from the banks of the Ganges to tlic banks of the St Law- rence, have contributed their oblations towards this good work, the announcement of which ought to stimulate every noble heart at home to emulation, and inspire a wish to contribute to the perfection of so beautiful and elegant a design. Nor can the generous example of the illustrious and noble Grand Master who so honorably sways the Hiram over us, be wanting in its due eflect and influence, — a nobleman — ^you my Brethren must all agree with rae — not more distinguished as a Mason than as a man. Under such auspices may the Scottish Craft long rest happy and secure, and flourish for ever like the graceful and stately palm tree, until its branches shall cover tho whole surface of the habit^ible globe. It is now my duty Mo?t Worshipful Grand Master to inform your Grace tliat it is tlio unanimous wish of tho Fraternity to dedicate this Temple to Masonry. "
This Address was followed by tho .^lasonic Anthem " Great Light to Shine." Psalm xcv, verses I to 7, was then chauntod, with full orgin accompaniment.
After which the V. W. the Acting Grand Chaplain ollered up tlu* follow in;: Prayer : —
(Jrcat Architect of tho Universe! Maker and Ruler of all Worlds I dti^n, from Tliy celestial Temple, from lieiihns of li^'ht aud ^'lory, to blesa us, in ii!i the purposes of our j)resent assembly.
We humbly invoke Thee to «^ive us at this, and at all times, wisJoui in all our doini^s, btren^'th of iniud in all our difficulties, and the beauty of harmony in all our communie.itions.
Permit us, O Thou Centre of li/^ht and life, great source of love and happi ness, solemnly to cont>ecrate this Hall to 'J'hy honour and glory. Amen.
Iusj)o/ise Inj thi M. W. tlu: (t . M. — Glory bo to Goil on high ! llesivmsc hij ilut hrdhr* }i. — As it was in tho bo^^inning, is now, an«l ever shall he, woild without end. Amen.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 357
The Consecratioo ElemeDts, — Corn, Wine, and Oil, — were here snc- cessively sprinkled on the Hall by the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, who at the same time invoked the blessing respectiyelj on each Element, viz. : —
lilay the bountiful hand of Heaven ever supply the Inhabitants of this City, as well as all the Brethren throughout the world, with abundance of Corn, [Wine,] and [Oil,] and all the necessaries and comforts of Jifa
Which being done, the Grand Chaplain resumed, as follows : —
Grant, O Lord our God, that they who are invested with the government of this Grand Lodge, may be endued with wisdom to instruct their Brethren in all duties : May brotherly love and charity always prevail among the Members thereof, and may this bond of Union continue to strengthen the Lodges throughout the world !
Bless all our Brethren, ^ the Children of the Widow," wheresoever dispersed, and grant speedy relief to all who are either oppressed or distressed.
We humbly commend to Thee all the members of Thy whole family. May they increase in the knowledge of Thee, and in the love of each other.
Finally, may we finish all our works here below with Thine approbation ; and then have our transition from this earthly abode to Thy heavenly temple above, there to enjoy light, glory, and bliss ineffable. Amen.
Beiponse hy the M. W, the G. M. — Glory be to God on high !
Response hy the Brethren. — As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
Grand Honours, followed by Solemn Music. After which the Brethren perambulated the Hall three times, salnting the Most Wor- shipful the Grand Master in the three degrees ; whereupon the Grand Master addressed the Brethren as follows : —
" RioHT Worshipful Senior and Junior Grand Wardens and
Brethren.
'' I have very great pleasure this day in consecrating this Hall for the purposes of Masonry.
" The want of a Building where the Grand Lodge might hold its meetings has been very much felt, and I was very much gratified when I laid the Foundation-stone, on the 24th June last, of the Building in which we are now met.
'' The very liberal manner in which the various Lodges have come forward with funds to enable the Grand Lodge to erect this Building has been highly satisfactory.
" During the many years I have now been Grand Master Mason of Scotland, there is nothing of which I am more proud than that it has
ftW
riti msTony of fkcr ii>ao:«iir.
darioff tbo fx^riod 1 har^ hrld tliat hi^h oSco tbU Uii« tlmU bcot] bailt find innugtinit^d.
*' I am ttnro jou iirn nil rerjr mttch j^rtiliBed whti ilso «xpMtUinii uil tftant)i*r in vUioU titfi ttuiMin^ ornmi^ntueotA 1iav« 1>md curivij out, wlijcli reflect eo uiotL crcijit on all tlioi^o rntrii«t«d witU Ibe w«tfk
'' DroUircii; n<!corHiog to otir Aiid«nt mlon, it oct1j rmfmloft Tor mo U dccUro tbttf Hall to be tho F»ur, M^iifuxH' Hall op Siiotlaxp^ dnti- catctl to Maeicixiiy.'*
I
Wh^ri^tipOTi tbo Gmn<l Scvcr^tAry proclaimc^d to t)io 6r^thr«i tkat tiw was now tho Fnro MtuOQtf* Hall of ScoUand, dtidtcftleO hy tUo Movt U^oraiiipful tho Grand Master to Motfotiry,
R<$p<in^ 6y /A^ BretJtnm. — So mole it be.
Tie Graod Maaier tlieo Jfldicat^d tho HaJI to Vmrrr. : Tb<? Or Socretary repeating to tbo Bn^tbron tbat the Hall tra« d«dicat«U tbo Most Worsbipfut tbo Omnd Montcr to Virtue.
Hr0pmi»c bit thit ^reihrtjt. — So moto it be*
Tb<> dratid Master tbou <]«di(3iiod tbo Hail to UMtVER^AL CuAiir and BtiNRvoLt^NCB : Tbo GraDd Seoiotary reftoatiug to tlio Brotlireu that tiio !Iu]l waa ticdic/itoil hy tbo Moat Woi^bipful tbe Graod MaMcr
to Universal Charity and Bonevolonce. Response hy the Brethren. — So mote it be.
Tho reading of part of 1st Kings, Chapter viii, verses 22, 23, 26-30, 43 middle, 60 ; and Chapter ix, verses 3-5, by tbo Very Worsbipful tbe Reverend William Graham, was succeeded by the singing of tbe following Anthem with full Organ Accompaniment : —
To Heaven's high Architect all praise, All praise, all gratitude be given ;
Who deignM tho human soul to raise, By mystic secrets sprung from heaven.
Chorus. Sound aloud the Great Jehovah's praise ; To Him the dome, the temple raise.
GRAND HONOURS.
Benediction by the Acting Grand Chaplain — May tho Free Masons* Hall of Scotland, now dedicated to Masonry, be ever the sanctuary and receptacle of Virtue, Universal Charity, and Bene- volence ; and may the Great Architect of the Universe bless all here assembled, and all the Brethren throughout the world, henceforth and for ever. Amen.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 3.59
The Qaeen's ADthem^ with the additional verses, originally composed by Brother Hay/ having been sung by all the Brethren with accom- paniments, the Grand Lodge was closed in ample form, and the Brethren dispersed, — the proceedings having occupied two hours.
About two hundred Daughter Lodges were represented at the cere- mony. Among the Brethren present, besides the Office-bearers of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, were — Sir James Fergusson of Kilkerran, Bart-.; Sir P. Arthur Halket of Pitfirrane, Bart.; Sir George Beresford; Chevalier Burn cs, K.H.; Major-Genoral Belshes ; Major Ramsay; J. Erskine Wemyss of Wemyss ; A. Robinow, Hanseatic Consul ; Samuel Somerville, M. D., Representative from the Grand Lodge of Ireland ; Provost Taylor of Leith ; Professor Ben net, &c. The Hall, besides being tastefully decorated with Masonic emblems, was adorned with the banners of the Representatives of Foreign Sister Lodges ; and the " dim religions light, " streaming through the beautifully-stained glass windows, gave the scene a rich, imposing, and solemnising aspect.
In the evening a grand Masonic Festival and Banquet took place in the Hall, which was attended by upwards of three hundred Brethren. The Most Worshipful the Grand Master occupied the chair, and was supported on the right and left by John Whyte-Melvillo, Esq., Sir P. Arthur Halket, the Chevalier Burucs, Major-General Swinburne, &c. An excellent band occupied the orchestra, and the evening was spent in the most agreeable and fraternal manner.
At no more fortuitous epoch in the History and Transactions of the Grand Lodge of Scotland could this record have closed. From small beginnings, with only thiriy'three Lodges rallying round her in 1736,
* The following are the verses by Brother Hay, above alluded to :—
« Hail ! Mystic, holy light, Heaven-bom and ever bright,
Spread more and more. Light of the bold and free, Honour and loyalty, Light of Freemasonry,
Ne'er leave our shore.
" Almighty Architect ! Counsel, uphold, direct,
Victoria our Queen. Round her Thy covering spread, 0*er her Thy spirit shed — Take her anointed head, Under Thy Wing."
TUB nUTOUT or FUSS UAJKJ^mr^
nor i«ir«nitiit tbe bu atoAtUly sad progT«Mtive1jr ponnvd ber for tt|vwsr(ii of <tse tisoifvil sod twmtjr yttrx, ssU cut ncitr i nearly thrr< huttdfpti DsQght^ I^o^lpM si tii>nie and sLrtittd. obUIUhIiqU a I)enevo1«Dt Foai), wlticb, lieoiki dlipitti4iB|f raJtvf Is sasj s ]>oor DrotlicT, atiU ^inog fooooartMiiuuijs Widswaod Of|Uwnt» ' i««M>U sf s reit futnl rxf^^^cctii^ vncr tlinumni ins Lnsdrod l« In pMMMdOD or a LiljriTJ trhicll U Ufje^UElllorl, in s
^ Yj^ir, by any Bimihir roll^ction, «itW pubUc ur pcirsio, m Eutq^ And by b»r recent psrobsM «h<» hu MtsblUliwl fur hefself s p^tv*- o«tit *' hahitatton ssd s nsino" which wHI rssk ber on s pu* with t^ Sifltor GmiKl Lotion of England ntid Ir^bmlj nnU |^ri» ber s mora p«vai* DOilt |M>ntion tbAD fb^^ ha' evorbitbeHu bcM smoogit tli« Iiistititta«s» vf
UnT pnnUion 19 on^ of whkk tba Scoltlftb Brctbnm raaj well \m ptt>iid ; nnd MfUan another eenttiryof tidr oxift^^occ sbaJJ bsr« slimi^, timt flbo ttiay lo fau:i4 t<* barn m«Js s comMpondiog jtro^gnwtidci, ssl bs foreojont iu f^rirry good work, i» tlie devout aji|iirstioi] sot ontj i^ er»Ty Mndon who hmip from the SooUl«h Umner^ but i>f stl lbs '^ Cbtldm ni tbo Widow'* tbrouj^out tb« world.
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 361
CHAPTER XVI.
NOTES ON THE PROVINCES AND DAUGHTER LODGES THEREIN LIST OP
LODGES ARRANGED IN PROVINCES, WITH DATES OP CHARTERS AND COLOURS OF CLOTHING — PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTERS — FREE-MASONRY AND LODGES ABROAD.
The paucity of materials, the research, and somewhat unsatisfactory results would, it is deemed, have been a sutHcicnt apology for curtailing this Chapter very considerably, but for two considerations : Ist. The desire of seeing the information here gathered together put into a more permanent form than it now has in the scattered, and, in many cases, fast-perishing memorials from which it has been drawn. 2d. That, seeing how little printed accessible information the Brethren really have, the Office-Bearers of the Lodges under the Scottish jurisdiction may be thus induced to place anew u]>on record sketches of the history of their respec- tive Lodges, the leading events in which they have borne a part, and the names of the men of note who have been entered therein, — the materials for doing so being in most cases yet attainable by the cus- todiers of the records of each individual Lodge. These sketches, col- lected and arranged, would not only bo an invaluable repertoire of Masonic information of the most valuable and reliable kind, but would in many instances be of inestimable value to the archaeologist and historian.
In the following Notes free use has been made of such Minute-Books as have come within reach, — the three or four printed, and not many more written sketches, which have been drawn up by some of the Lodges relative to their early history, — as well as the short " History, Nature, and Objects of Masonry" by Brother James Miller of Glasgow, author of the '' Architecture, Architects, and Builders of the Middle Ages."
The Notes on the Provinces are of course drawn solely from the Minute-books of the Grand Lodge.
24
101 I'lUi^auij^u UMiirt^«i/^WMIIi)
lolHJI.N lollMl.llLV r:XISTINO.
MtlH
It I • HI) U IhOMtilitii 114 I I.Ulli , l.lhtlMtiHit liu |'thi«> u( \N.«Im«, Iioiii KitliilMiriili
Orlg. No.
123 Rnjal Arch. Ediakarfk I4H New Edinbtirgh Kflwin Sift Caledonian, Edinborvfa ZM I'hopnician, Lcith
't Im> t.thi|M'i III llio I'Mliiliur;;)! or Metropolitan District are anUer tk% iliiot (lull III ilio MmhI \\'nr«lii|iful tijo (iriiml Master, his Depute, or Sab- tilihilK Tint l.tnl/MH Nmm. I, 2, /), and 8 were anioDgst those who olmyotl ili»' uiuiiiiiiMitt (if tlio llorotlitiiry (iruinl Master in 1736, and con- i*.'(|»u'iilly l«»«»l» piul ill ilio iloliliorations of the first Grand Lodge. On tliiit iMMHaicm (lut I«.i.|^Mi III' Miliiduir^'li Mary's Cliapel was represented liy •• 'rimmiin Millii, .Munli^r, Suimicll Ncilfcion and Charles Mack, WurdeiiH," iliK Ciiiiou^'iilo Kilwinuiii;^' l»y "William St Clair of Ross- liunl, I'!rt<| , MumIit, (h'or^'o ('niwfurd and Francis Kempl}', Wardens," tho Caii(m;;ulrund I.oiHi, Koitli and (*anongato, by "James White, Master, Thomas l'\?r^iiHNon ami .lamoH Hamilton, Wardens," the Journeymen hy " William Brownlio, Master, John Drownlie and Robert Gray, Wardens. "
Tlie Lodge of Eilinburgh Mary's Chapel is undoubtedly one of the oldest and most distinguished Lodges in Scotland. According to tradition
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 3C3
the Brethren belonging thereto built Kelso Abbey, founded in the year 1128. Tliey also built the first Abbey of iMelrose, erected in the time of David the First, of pious memory. The Lodge afterwards travelled north- ward, and settled in Edinburgh towards the close of the fifteenth century, when it formed a connection with the Incorporation of wrights and masons, which was constituted by an Act of the Magistrates in 1475. This In- corporation, when it was first formed, and for a long time afterwards, was probably composed exclusively of the two crafts referred to, but in process of time other trades were admitted to its privileges, for, by a decision of the Court of Session in 1703, the bowmakers, glaziers, plumbers, and upholsterers, were added to the masons ; and the wrights received an accession to their ranks of the painters, slaters, sieve* wrights, and coopers. The Incorporation, previous to the passing of the Scotch ^lunicipal Reform Act, had a double representation at the Council Board of the City, and was generally called the United Incor- poration of Mary's Chapel, from the circumstance of holding its meetings in a building in Niddry's Wynd, which had been originally a chapel \ dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and which was swept away when the South Brid<;e was built in 1785 ; it afterwards fitted up a Hall in Burnetts Close, in which it still holds its meetings, and which is embel- lished by a picture, executed in 1721 by one Chambers, a herald painter, containing a full-lengtli portrait of a freeman of the different trades comprised in the Incorporation, all represented in the costume of the period, and labouring at their respective employments in front of the Palace of Holy rood. The Lodge took the same name as the Incor- poration, held its meetings in the same place, had generally the same Clerk to record its transactions, and the Deacon of the Masons was most frequently the Master of the Lodge. In the Charter granted to Sir William St Clair, the Lodge of Edinburgh stands first on that interest- ing record, represented by " William Wallace, Decon, John Watt an4 Thomas Patersone.'* ( Vide Appendix II, p. 439, infra.)
Several of the Lodges which obtained their original charter of erection from the Mother Kilwinning took also tho name of Kilwinning, with that of the town or place where they carried on their work. Of these the most distinguished is the Edinburgh Canongate Kilwinning, No. 2. This Lodge claims a sort of traditionary existence from the year 1677. In their Charter from tho Mother Kilwinning, of date 1736, they are acknowledged as part and parcel of the old Lodge, a sort of "alter ego,^ resident in the Canongate of Edinburgh, aud reference is made to a petition presented on the 6th December 1677, to be permitted to meet as a lawful Lodge ; the prayer of which petition is asserted to have been granted at that time. Many of the brightest names in th?
lilomtiiro of thti )aet century wem initi&tckl m lhi« liodgo ; into it Robert Barna wm nrtilmlotl, (likI wna 8ubdieqiiontly crowncU its Poet-
Tho LtJil^'ft Jotinjeymon *latoa fU origin from the year 1707, *n»l waa ftit ofTdUoot from the LoJ^e of PMlTtUitr^^U M^ry^ rtiuf>oh At ibi.* lime the 9chiijtm took place it croatod a i^reat eon^atiou in tbe incorporated body, ami [cg(i\ mcwiirc* woro trio*l, iliongh vainiy, to bring tb« " Jtmt- ijoynirn ** to ulw^liencc. Miicli Inttcrncaa w.ia ititlocd shown by tho rt^^roas proccL*i3iu|,Ti of tlio pan'^nt Lotl^^r, but so sflocca.if ill ly did tlio m<:TijW« of the nt^w Sotmty conduct tli*?ir prococdtnga that thoy ^n«d tho a^tujKUljy and n^):»roUatLoii of iLo Lord^ of CouncU and Session^ who proAontoil tbeTh witli a pnrf^o in whicL to bold tbeir monoyj aad which if* preserved in tbo Lodgo to thr present tima
The difipntc howercr at length coolod down, aad tbc hoilgc; of Edia- bnrgbj by a Minutu dated 17th Dccenibc*r ITIS, roMinded the act for- merly mude by them eeclndiag IhL^ entered journeyman masons from ^ th«tr Society, and ri^^admittcd ttiem, under certain couditioxifir to tbcir former privilege* : — " The wime day the Societie alto i^nanimoudly approved of Janies Gumming^ Patrkk Mitt-djell, Matthew Mofla I, Peter Stewart, and David Lrsly, journeymen, who had aH been received and admitteil ro!low-cmftsi by tho Rodety of Journeymen Pince tbcy left tbo Deacons, WurJens, and Masters, and authorised them to be Members of the Socictic equally with tho other journeymen."
On St John's Day of tho following year, that is, in 1719, James Watson, who had left the Lodgo of Mary's Chapd, along with the journeymen in 1712, was once more elected to tho offices of Deacon of tho Incorj)oration and Proses of the Lodgo ; and at the sametime, four journeymen, out of a lect of ten given in by tho Journeymen Society, were chosen as Joint Managers' of the affairs of the parent Lodge, After this the journeymen were all gratuitously raised to the Degree of Master Mason in tho Lodge of Edinburgh, and occasionally celebrated their festivals in one of the apartments of Mary's Chapel ; and on one occasion at least, the Lodge of Edinburgh held a meeting in the Hall of the Journeymen Lodge. For one hundred and twenty years deputations have been exchanged, mutual assistance rendered, and tho most frater- nal intercourse carried on by the two Lodges, — the whole being crowned by the unanimous election, in 1857, of the Right Worshipful Master of the Lodge of Edinburgh, Mary's Chapel, to the position of an lionorary member of the Lodgo Journeymen.
The Lodge St David, besides those of many other illustrious names, has the honour of having inscribed on her list of members that of Sir Walter Scott.
THE UISTOllY UF FREK MASONRY.
365
The Lodge St Luke was originally known by the designation of ** The Lodge Holyrood-bouse, No. 44 ;" and of late years an inclina- tion has been shewn to resume that ancient title in conjunction with its present appellation.
The Lodges Nos. 48, 97, 145, 151, and 160, have always been highly distinguished for their knowledge and practice of the Royal Craft, on all occasions rendering it good service, as have also Nos. 226, 291, and 349, though not of so old a status. Trafalgar, Leith, for a series of years extinct, was resuscitated on 7th February 1859.
The Lodges of this district have an annual Festival, each taking the management in rotation, at which that harmony and good fellowship so characteristic of the Brotherhood is maintained with the greatest success.
II. — AYRSHIRE PROVINCE. — Erected 1792.
Provincial Grand Master. — The R. W. M. of the Mother Lodge of
Kilwinning ; Conform to Minute of Agreement, 2d Novembor 1807.
|
Year of |
||
|
No. Name of Lodge. |
l^'SrS? Clour .f Clothing. |
|
|
Charter. |
||
|
0 Mother Lodge of Kilwinning, |
Green and Gold. |
|
|
22 St John, Kilmarnock Kilwinning |
1737 |
Scarlet and Gold. |
|
51 Loudon NewmilLs, |
1747 |
Red — Blue Trimmings. |
|
86 Navigation, Troon, |
1762 |
White— Crimson Edge. |
|
124 Ayr Kilwinning, . |
1770 |
Sky Blue, Scarlet Trim. |
|
126 St Andrew, Kilmarnock, |
Crimson, Dark Blue Trim. |
|
|
127 Thistle, Stewarton, |
Green and Gold. |
|
|
135 St James, Tarbolton, . |
1771 |
Deep Skye Blue. |
|
149 St Andrew, Irvine, |
1780 |
Crimson. |
|
157 St John, Beith, . |
1784 |
Dark Blue aud YeUow. |
|
165 Royal Arch, Ayr, |
1786 |
Scarlet. |
|
169 Thistle and Rose, Stevenston, |
1787 |
Dark Green. |
|
173 St John, Largs, . |
1789 |
Red and Blue. |
|
179 St Mango, Mauchline, . |
1791 |
Crimson. |
|
198 Royal Arch, Mayhole, . |
1797 |
Crimson. |
|
204 St Paul, Ayr and Renfrew Militia |
k, 1799 |
Dark Blue— Red Trinigs |
|
210 St Andrew, Newton-Ayr, . |
1802 |
Red— Green Trimmings. |
|
230 St Barnabas, Old Cumnock, |
1809 |
Blue and White. |
|
237 St John, Girvan, |
1810 |
Red and Blue. |
|
245 St Andrew, Glenbuck, . |
1812 |
|
|
290 Blair, Dairy, |
1821 |
Crimson and Blue. |
|
31 1 Caledonian, Dunlop, Stowarton, |
1824 |
Crimson— Tartan Trim. |
|
314 Royal Arch, West Kilbride, |
1825 |
Blue— Crimson Fringe. |
|
320 St John Royal Arch, Saltcoats, |
1826 |
Crimson— Yellow Border. |
|
334 St John, New Cumnock, |
1833 |
Blue. |
Tie Aywliirt^ Provinro wtm originnlly in tlio Glft-^^goAT or WeBtem District, and in thr cl>iirtcrj|rn*titcU in Sir Willbm St Clair (p, 43J>, ift/ra,) the iiigT\atHrc5 of " Hew Douok Ji'ikon of iho AIe;L8uunoa auJ VricUlii ofT Ayr^*^ utifl Gr<^rg4> fjiil(on) dt^Anid of qiiarlmt'n tiud ooy qnajtof^ maatcr," follow t!io ^iguatufeii of ibo Deucon si nil MtuJt«r of tlio Lot1g« of Olaisgow,
On Ttb May 1702 a loiter w^aa laiJ bf^forp tbo (Jmnil Lo^lgu from Brotlier I>euminicr) cnivingtbo iip}«ointiiieiit.or ProviudalGmufJ Maxtor aver tUa Lofigca in the town of Ayr, an J 8cver;;il oilier Lodges in tlmt Tteigli- boarloudj but tie action eecms to biive been tuken beyoml remitting tho applicELtioii tt> tliO ProviuciaJ Grand Master of Dumfries to report.
f>n 'M Novcinbcr 1801 Brfitbcr Campbell of Fairfield was traneferrcd from the Soutlicrn District, and installed Provincial Grand Master, which office he held until 2d November 1807, when, — in terms of an agreement between the Grand Lodge and the Mother Lodge of Kilwin- ning, wherein it was ])rovided that the Maistcr of the latter should be ipso facto Provincial Grand Master for tho Ayrshire District, — the Grand Lodge authorised a Commission, as Provincial Grand Master foresaid, to be made out in favour of Brother William Blair of Blair, the then Right Worshipful Master of tho Lodge Mother Kilwinning.
AVhen the Grand Lodge of Scotland was constituted in its present form in 1736, the Lodge of Edinburgh Mary's Chapel was placed at the bead of the Roll as No. 1, and the Kilwinning next to it, as No. 2. About seven years afterwards the Brethren of Kilwinning reclaimed against this arrangement, maintaining that, as the *' Mother Lodge of Scotland," it was entitled to the first place on tho Grand Roll, and to take ]>recedenco of all the other Scottish Lodges. The Grand Lodge however decreed that (p. lOG, supra,) although it was well known and universally admitted that Kilwinning was the birth-place of Scot- tish Masonry, they had not produced any documents to show that they were the oldest Lodge in Scotland, or to establish their identity with the supposed Mother Lodge, and that the Lodge of Edinburgh Mary's Chapel, who had shown authentic documents, reaching as far
TIIR HISTORY OF FUEK MASONRY. 367
' ad an undoubted riglit to retain the position and rank -signed to it. Resenting this conclusion, the Kil- m the Grand Lo<lge, and asserted an independent iditional anti(j[uity, to ^rant charters of erection •r is it very many years since this diilerence •if Mother Kilwinning, with rank next to >i- the sake of Masonic harmony. ..winning Lodge was represented by " George tiivw Hay and Alexander Hunter, Wardens." ■Aion, instituted on 17th May 1771 by Charter from iiwinning, also holds a Charter from the Grand Lodge of And 26th May 1774. ous circumstances liave occurred to make some of the Lodges in ? large an<l influential Province not so efficient as could be desired, but for which the Lodges themselves are not to blame, the chief cause being traceable to a change in the channels of commerce, which, while depressing one locality exalts another more fortunately situated. The decrease of " the light " in some quarters is however amply made op for by its brilliancy in others, the Lo<lges in tiic aggregate fully sustaining, in what may be appropriately termed the Cradle of Scot- tish Masonry, the ancient renown of our timc-hallowcd and venerable Order.
JII. — PEKTHSHIRE, — EAST PROVINCE. — ErecUd 1827.
Provincial Grand Master, — The Rt. Hon. Baron Kinnaird k Russie ; Appointed 5th November 1827 ; re-appointed 30th November 1829.
|
Year of |
|
|
No. Name of Lodge. |
o?Da""o? Colour of Clothing. |
|
Charter. |
|
|
3 Scoon and Perth, .... |
165» Li^ht Blue. |
|
48 St John, Auchterarder, |
1745 Waterloo Bl. -Yellowed. |
|
74 St Andrew, Perth, |
1758 (Jreen and Gold. |
|
105 tit John Upcrative, Cupar- Angus, |
1 767 Royal blue, Gold Border. |
|
122 Royal Arch, Perth, . |
1770 Criuiboa and Silver. |
|
174 at John, Duuuiiig, |
1790 Mazareno Blue. |
|
192 St John, .Muthil, |
1795 Blue. |
|
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING. |
|
|
Orig. |
Orig. |
|
No. |
No. |
|
85 Moncur |
S94 St Andrew, Btruthmore |
|
181 St John, Blairgowrie, Cupar- Angus |
330 Union, Methvon |
All the Lodges in this District are of a very ancient standing, and quite sastain their well-earned fame. The Lodge Scoon and Perth is
on© of greiit aotiquily^ and ^HuiBeiksea » aeries of well-kopt recoria for
upwards of 200 jroara* Ifa (charter runa as follows : —
** In Uio name of Ga^l. Anioii. To all and gundrio penOBfl wUonte tJ»c*o pTCKOMts doe belong, Witt vo u#, the pcrsoDs »indcr-siib3cnliet% MiLitcrsj FrccmcNj nnd FdlowM^mft Mas ones, reside ntcra wiOiin ihe Bru^di of Poartb. That wlxcir fur wamt'iklts as we aud our predecojsgore hav<s tiiid Ituid from the Tompk^ of Temples luitd on tlii* earth, sino UDiform conitnunitio and nttiou tbrougliout tbo whole worh^ from which Tcunplo procc*d<d ono in Kilwinniog iu ih\s our Nation of Scotland, And from that of Kilwintiing tntuuy more within thiti kin^domej of the which there prtjcco^led the Abh^ujio uiid Lodg^j of Soone, built by men of art and arcbitecture^ wbeir they placed that Lod^e a£ tbo second Lodge within ibiM NattuUj which h now paat inemono of many gencmtions, and waa upLohl bo the Kings of Scotbud for the tymo hoth at Si;ono and the dpeuycd eitio of Ilerth, vUvu it stood, and now att Perth, head BrugU of the Shoritrdom thereof to thii* vcrie day (31th Dccemher 1C56), wbieh U now four hundredth three score and fyvo ycirs sinc« or thereby, and during that itk ^paco the ^aid« Mo^terM, Freemen^ aud Fellow-eraft^ itibabitanla within the fwiid Brugli of Peartli, wer^ alwaye* able witKin tbeuiBelrea to niaintyDj^ their firist HbeHioa, and are yet wilUng to do the mT\\t^^ ns tlio Mnstcrs, Freemen, and ]'\dlow-eraft8 did formcrlyH whoso names we know not. But to our records and knowledge of our predeces- sors, there cam one from the north countrio named John Mylne, ane Masonc, a man weal! exported in his calling, who entered himself both Freeman and Hurgcs of this Brugli, who, in proces of tyme (by reason of his skill and art,) was preferred to be the King's Majestic's Master Mason, and Master of the said Lodge of Scone ; and his son, John Mylne, being (after his father's decease) preferred to the said oflice, aud Master of the said Lodge, in the reign of his Majestie King James the Sixt, of blessed raemorie, who by the said second John Mylne, was (by the King's own desire,) entered Freeman, Mason, and Fellow-craft, and during all his lyfetimo he mantyned the same as ane member of the Lodge of Scone ; so that this Lodge is the most famous Lodge (if weall ordered) within this kyngdom ; of the which name IMylne there hath continued several generations Master Masons to their Majesties the Kings of Scotland, aud Masters of the said Lodge of Scone, till the year one thousand six hundred and fifty-seaven years, at the qlk tyme the last Mr Mylne, being Master of the Lodge of Scone, deceased, and left behind him a complete Lodge of Masons, Freemen, and Fellow-crafts, with such of their number as Wardens, aud others, to oversee them, and ordained that ane of the said number should choise ane of themselves to succeed as Master iu his place : The names of these persons follows, to witt," &c.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
369
IV. — QLASGOW PROVINCE. — Erected 1739.
Provincial Grand Master.-^ir Archibald Alison, LL.D., Sheriff of
Lanarkshire j Appointed 31st May 1847.
No.
Name of Lodge.
3-' The Lodge of Glasgow, St John, 4 Glasgow Kilwinning, . 27 8t Mungo, Glasgow, 73 Thistle and Rose, Glasgow, 87 Thistle, „
102 St Mark, „
103 Union and Crown, „ 117 St Mary, Partick, „ 128 St John, Shettleston, „ 178 St Patrick, „ 219 Star, 275 Shamrock and Thistle, „
332 Duntocher and Faifley Union,
333 St George, Pt.-Dundas & Cowcaddens, 360 Commercial; Glasgow,
Year of Institution or Dato of
Charter.
1057 1735 1736 1768 1762 1766 1766 1769
1791 1807 1818 1S31 1833 1851
Colonr of Clothing.
Light Blue and Silver.
Dark Green.
Royal Blue.
Crimson and Yellow.
Blue and Gold.
Crimson.
Crimson, BI. Fr. Gold Ed.
Crimson, Yellow Trim.
Green, Red Trimmings.
Black, Blk. Rd. andBl. Tr.
Orange and Blue.
Rod, Yellow Trimpiings.
Red, White Fringe.
Light Blue and Silver.
Light Blue and Silver.
LODGES formerly EXISTING.
OriR.
70 MontroBO, Glasgow
7ft Argyle» Glasgow
77 Royal Arch, Glasgow
Orig. Ko.
77 Partick Kilwinning, Glasgow 144 St David, Glasgow 371 8t John, Ororative, Glasgow
The Lodges in this Province were at first placed amongst those originally known by the designation of " West Country Lodges." On 7th February 1730, Alexander Drnniniond, Master of the Lodge Greenock Kilwinning, received a Commission from the Grand Master, empowering him to visit the several Lodges in the counties therein mentioned, (in margin, " West Country Lodges,") " who acknowledged jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge, or such Lodges as hereafter shall he regularly constituted by authority thereof." On 30th November 1739 the Commission was renewed, he being styled therein " Provincial Master of the several Lodges in the Western Shires of Scotland," and again in the same terms in 1740, 1741, and 1742.
310
to* StSrOHV OF FREH UAmsnY,
On J Hh November 17^7 Collector MoUi^ion was upptttatc^d PrnvinciAl Gcan4 Miut(?r nt Gbffg'ov Proviticc, conform to report of Qt&d4 Com* mitt^d OD 1 <3th Aiijcru^t of tbat year, the Lodges being — LwJko of KUvrinttJug, Giaag^jw St Muiigo,^ Hamllttm.i Damb^rtoiL GrocDock Kilwiuniiig.^ lieBiuaba^w.
Lanark.^ Kilntarnock. Glasgow Kilw^inmtig/
Kirkintilloch.^ Colttipw, lavorary*.
0(1 2d February 175fi, Arcbibald Hamiltoti, Etsi^juiro, of Dalserf* waa ap|H)itito4 to tbe Proviacittl Qmnd MaatersUip, witb autiioriiy ovor tbo Lodg<jfl Ar^'yje^ Gbw^ow, lloyiLl Arcb^ Ghisguw, aud tbe *ix niiirkM thus^ above imuiod. Bn»lli^r IJADiilloa wa» auooettdi^d on (^tU Kobruary 170i^ by Gcorgis ^FtinWbt K«|iiiro, hit) Provost of Olaagow, wUo unu appointed ProV4iiciH.l Grand Mzutc^r fiir tbo Lodges of Lu^nark, RettfreVf Ayr, Dutn batto ti , ft lid A rgy 1 ts On 2d Nov <jt» b r:; r 1 7 0 j BrotU*ir A cdrt « HoUdtcm of JordaDbiU was appoiutud^ vico Murdoob, deci^au^tL Od 4tU Fobruary IHOj^ Sir Jobii StuM^art, uf Alliiiibiiukj »tit;ceodod iSrotb(?r MoasloD SA Provincial Grand M^ter of Latiarksiitrc '' Undt^ Ward ;' and on 3d May J>i L^f, Jolin Maxwclb EsijuirCj Younger of Pulb>k, M.P.^ (now ^ir John Maxqrcll, Hart.,) wi^ appointed as ^ Provincial GniT)d JMaHlvr of Glasgow and Under Ward of Lanarkdbir^," wbicb bo re^i^n^d
lin^^>iutu^.'Mt to K:Ltit Roorrewt^bin} on Ctli Febntary 1820^-1 successor being Henry Montcitb, Esquire of Carstairs, M.P., appointed 5tb February 1827.
We bave already (page 274, supra,) noticed the high antiquity claimed for tbo Lodge of Glasgow, St John, and its reception into tbe bosom of tbo Grand Lodge as No. 3 *, on her Roll of Daughter Lodges. The following is a copy of the Charter believed to have been granted by Malcolm III, surnamed Ceanmore, or Great Head, in 1057: — " Malcolm the III, by the grace of God King of Scots, wishes health and safety to the Bishops, Princes, Earls, Barons, Ministers, and Adminis- trators of our Law, and all good men of the Nation, both Clergy, Laicks, or common people, and to all where these presents shall come, greeting. Whereas our trusty and well- beloved friends, the Operative Masons in the City of Glasgow, hath, by their Petition, humbly represented to us that the inhabitants of this city has been imposed upon by a number of unskilled and insufficient workmen that has come to work at our Cathedral, and other parts of the city, and also has erected Lodges con- trary to the rules of Masonry ; and being desirous of putting a stop to such unskilled and irregular Brothers, most humbly pray to grant thera our royal licence and protection for stopping such irregular disorders ; and we, being willing to give all due encouragement to so reasonable a
IHB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 371
PetitioDi are graciously pleased to condescend to their reqoest, and we do, by these presents, ordain and grant to our Petitioners to incorporate themselves together in one Incorporation, and wo strictly discharge any Mason within the foresaid city to work in it until ho serves his time as an apprentice for the space of seven years, or be married to a freeman's daughter, and he or they shall be examined anent their skill and know- ledge on the Mason Craft by three of the ablest of the Mason Trade, and if he or they be found of cunning or knowledge, to be received into the Incorporation. Each shall pay twenty pounds Scots to tho common funds, and three pounds to the altar, and clerk's and officer's dues, which the foresaid Incorporation shall always be allowed to be the judges, of that and other laws made for behoof of tho foresaid Incorporation. Item, That the Free Incorporate Masons of Glasgow shall have a Lodge for ever at the City of Glasgow, none in my dominions shall erect a Lodge until they make application to the Saint John's Lodge, Glas- gow, and they, considering their Petition, and examining their charac- ter and behaviour, grant them a Charter conform to their Regulations. Item, That all the Members of said Incorporation shall have liberty to quarry stones, lime, sand, and other materials from the groun<ls of per- sons, for paying the damages of what they occupy, or damage, for build- ing of the foresaid Cathedral. But if the owners of the said lands and the foresaid workmen do not agree, each party is to choose an honest man to value the expense of the foresaid damages. Item, And that any having power from me, maintain my peace firm and stable against all other pretenders and usurpers who encroach on me or my subjectf*, to disturb our peace. Item, And that you and all my subjects in this obey the Magistrates in all things relating to my peace and the good of the city. Item, And that you instruct and teach apprentices, and that none take or en)ploy any man's apprentice, when their time of ap- prenticeship is not completed, under the pain of paying twenty pounds, the one-half to the Incorporation, one-fourth to the Lodge, and one- fourth to Saint Thomas' altar to say mass for their souls. Item, And I strictly charge and command that none take in hand to disturb the Free Operative Masons from being Incorporated P'reemen, or to have a Free Lodge, to take away their good name or possession, or harass or do any injury to my Free Masons and Petitioners, under tho peril of my highest displeasure, and we order that notice be taken that duo obedience may be rendered to our pleasure herein declared.
"Given at our Court at Fordle, the 5th day of October 1057 years, before these witnesses. Earl David my brother. Earl Duncan, Earl Gilbert of Monteith, Sir Robert of Velen, Adam of Stenbouse, and Andrew Hamilton, Bishop of Glasgow.*'
In their Petition to tl seniority waa rcateti —
Firsf. Oti the poftswwiou of this Churtor.
tS^&^tuL The rccr^rile'l fnct that ;i C^tbtiJral ChuTcb roquinDg tbe aitl of the Ma^nic FrftUmity wtu f^ttuded id OhuBgow iti the begiaomg vf the twelfth contury.
T/iird, The ip«ml chatter gmntcd hy WillJwn the Lion olwut the ye^ 111)2, for thcconfiniiation ami utiouaragoiiieiit of Uio Frci^maffoaa is Glas- gow omployrd by Biiibop Joocline, f^r the re^coastructlan ofthcCathodr:^! di^«trt)yod uhoiit thtit iiuna by ftre^ i>f wbicb the following is a traafibt* tion L — ' Will mm, by tbo Gmco of God King of tho Sot/Uv to all good men of bid whole rci^hn, both Clerjj^and Laicks, greoting : Sympatbisiug With tho ntic^'H2»ity of tbi^ Glasgow Cfl^tbedral, and entorUining for it a dovout afroirdon^ both out of regard to its SupreEue King nin] lUs ni<^i Jl(/ly ConfcHsor, Kouti^^orn* Wo will to take oj^on ourftolvcts tbo cans of ailtnmiijlcring rotnfort to its do^olutlnn, and to chc^mb it as far as Sn UB lies, with tbu HUfipurt of our Hoyal protoction. But semng; that thi« joctber of omi^y NattonSf borotoforo In pinched and straitened clrcum- etancesr deulrcs to bo amplifloil for the glory of God, f^ud, moreover, in
cup nnr dny»^ htvs hfion conennicd by fire, rrqdiring the most ample el* penditures for its repairing, and demands both our aid, and tliat of more good men, — i\iQ fraternity appointed by the Right Rev. Jocylin, Bishop of said Cathedral, with advice of the Abbots, Priors, and other Clergy of bis diocese, we devoutly receive and confirm by tho support of our Royal protection, aye and until the finishing of tho Cathedral itself; and all tho collectors of the same fraternity, and those who request aid for its building, we have taken into our favour, strictly charging all our bailiffs and servants that they protect, and take them by tho hand everywhere throughout our kingdom, and forbidding that any one should offer injury, violence, or insult to them, under pain of our highest dis- pleasure. Before these witnesses, Hugh, our Chancellor ; Archibald, Abbot of Dunfermline; William Lindsay, Justiciar; and Philip de Velen, at Rokesburgh [Roxburgh].'
Fourth, Tho distinct declaration in the preamble of the application for separate letters of deacon ry made by tho Wright Craft in tho year 1600, that until that time they, and most of the other crafts in Glasgow, were all under the jurisprudence and authority of the Masonic Incorpora- tion and Lodge ; of which application there are many printed copies in circulation here.
Fifth, The subscription of the Master and Wardens of the Lodge of Glasgow to tho charter granted by the Masons of Scotland to Sir Wil-
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 373
liam St Clair in the year 1628/ and by wbich subscription the identity of the present Lodge of Glasgow, St John, with the one there represent- ed, is, by reference to its printed records, placed beyond a doubt.
The Lodge Glasgow Kilwinning, No. 4, was represented in the first Grand Lodge by " Charles Selkirk, Deputy Master, George Home and John Murdoch, Wardens."
It may be worthy of note that the Lodge Thistle and Rose was origi- nally known by the name of the Lodge St Paul, Glasgow.
The Lodge St Mungo, No. 27, originally held their Charter from the Lodge of Glasgow St John, which, being an Operative Lodge, and con- nected with the Incorporated Masons of Glasgow, refused to enter Speculative Masons, but granted a Charter to them as a Speculative Lodge. They afterwards got a second Charter about 1728 or 1729 from the Lodge Mother Kilwinning, under the name of the " St John Kilwinning, Kirk of Glasgow St Mungo Lodge," and the Brethren are in possession of a Minute-Book of that date setting forth the above title. The Lodge St Mungo was present by deputation at the formation of the Grand Lodge in 1736, the representatives being " Thomas Hamilton, Master, Thomas Hamilton, of Falla, and Robert Walkinshaw, War- dens."
V. — INVERNESS PROVINCE. — Erected ^ 7 ^7-
Provincial Grand Master. — William Brodie, Esquire, of Brodie ;
Appointed 5th November 1827 ; re-appointed 30th November 1829.
Year of
No. Name of Lodge. ^rJ^toof* Colour of Clothing.
Charter.
6 Old Kil wining St John, Inverness, 1678 Dark Blue— Silver Edge.
43 Fort-William, .... 1743 Orange and Blue.
55 Brodie, Dyke, .... 1753 Green.
339 St Mary Caledonian Op., Inverness, 1843 Green.
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING.
Grig. Grig.
No. No.
31 St Andrew, Inyemcas S50 Gperatiro, Clacknacudden
57 Cumberland Kilwinning, InvemeaB 360 Union, Inremefls
115 Fort-George, Arderseir Point
This Province was erected on ISth August 1747, John Bailly, Esquire, W.S., being Provincial Grand Master. On 2d February 1756, Sir
^ Vide Appendix 11, tn/ra, p. 439.
Oull&no Chureb, (oow iti ruin^t) upwania of seven mWcB from Hadding- ioxx, but fur wliat fmrpoio cannot he maOo out, tbc writing l>eing so iJl«gil>tc J l>ui it 18 highly probable that U Tvaa for tho Iiiiliatiou of Cfindi- dit6S^ as auljAeqaont Minutes boar tbnt tho LoJgo wa^froqncnUyojtcnod for that pnrpoAc in tbo Parish Cburch of HufMingtoa.
IX, — BEWFllEWSniKEs — WEST PftOVrJTCE,— ^rt^rf 1820,
provincial Grand Mailer. — Sir Mjcbael Robekt Seaw StewarT,
Biirt., M.P. ;
Appoialed TlU Tcbruary 1548.
Ynrof
]$ nn*«tioek Kilvliiuiog, . IT:£^^ T^luo and Gold.
€6 Pork Kilwinninf^f rort-Gluf^iTj \7Ti} nia«.
113 Mt.-Stewnrt KiFjj*,rircenocWj</>orjw«n/,) 17f?* \A^\\t Hint-
17(S Kt John, (.Tre&nock, * ITim llhr«.
317 Cumberland KUwiPQuagj Fort-GLisgoWp 1B07 11^*
LODGE FOllMKRLy EXTSTlNa
Orlff. No, 282 St Andrew, Crawford's Dyko.
Tlic date of erection of the Province of Renfrew cannot now be pre- cisely ascertained. On the loth November 1772 a warrant was ordered for its institution, *' but," it is added, " the Secretary to inform himself who are to bo the persons named in the Constitution." Nothin^ij defi- nite, however, appears to have been done ; afterwards it is found con- joined with Dumbartonshire ; and on Cth February 1826 *' it was stated in Grand Lodge that lieiifretv^kire Province had become vacant by the death of Sir Michael Shaw Stewart, Bart.," the date of whose appoint- ment does not appear in the Minutes of the Grand Lodge ; subsequently the Province was divided into two, viz. — East and West — and on 5th August 1830 John Shaw Stewart, Esq., Sheriflf of Stirlingshire, was appointed Provincial Grand Master of the western portion. He was succeeded by his brother, Patrick ^Maxwell Stewart, Esq., M.P., on 8th November 1841 ; his successor being the present Provincial Grand Master, — which honour has been in the family of Stewart ever since the institution of the Province.
The Lodge Greenock Kilwinning was represented in the first meeting of the Grand Lodge by " Alexander Lindsay, Master, Andrew Martin and James Campbell, Wardens."
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
1 1
The Lodge Camberland Kilwinning, Port-Glasgow, was established hy Instroment of Constitution and Erection from the Mother Lodge of Kilwinning, 4th February 1747, although the Charter from the Grand Lodge of Scotland is only dated 2d February IS 07.
X. — LINLITHGOWSHIRE PROVINCE. — Erected 1827. Provincial Grand Mastership — Vacant
Vo,
Name of Lodge.
13 Torphichen Kilwinning, Bathgate, 17 Ancient Brazen, Linlithgow, 85 Kirknewton and Ratho,
181 Hopetoan, Bathgate,
270 Thistle, West-Calder, .
272 St John, Mid-Calder,
374 St John, Crofthead, Drybridge,
380 St Andrew, Drybridge,
Year of Institation or Date of
Charter.
Ckdoar of Clothing.
Crimson.
1737 Light Blue.
1761 Crimson.
1792 Blue.
1818 Blue— White Edge.
1818 Crimson— -Bl. & Yel. Br.
1856 Dark Blue.
1858 Dark Blue— Red Trim.
Orig. No' 3G9 St Margaret, Quconsferry
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING.
Otig. No.
02 MaddUton
90 Pythagoric, Bo*neM
The first commission to a Provincial Grand Master of this Pro- yince was issued in favour of William Downe Gillon, Esquire, of Wall- house, M.P., in 1832, at whose decease the Honourable Robert Sandi- lands, Master of Torphichen, succeeded, conform to commission dated Norember 30, 1846, which he held till 1858, when his resignation, on acoount of infirm health, was accepted by the Grand Lodge with much regret. No successor has as yet been appointed.
XI. — FORPAR AND ANGUS PROVINCE. — Erected 1747. Promncial Grand Master. — The Right Hon. Fox, Lord Panmurr, K.T.,
(Repreeentative of the Grand Lodge of Scotland at tho Grand Lodge of England :) Appointed 2d August 1852.
No.
Name of Lodge.
15 Montrose Kilwinning, . 40 St Thomas, Arbroath, . 47 Ancient Operatire, Dundee, 49 Ancient, Dundee, 65 StonehaTen,
|
Tear of |
|
|
Institution or Date of |
^ Colour of Clothing. |
|
Charter. |
|
|
1745 |
Red— Blue Trimmings. |
|
1740 |
Crimson. |
|
1745 |
Lt. Blue— Gold Lace. |
|
1745 |
Mazarene Bl. and Orange. |
|
1755 |
Blue. |
|
25 |
|
37^ THB HISTORY OF |
PftBS uisorvaY. ^^^^^^^^^ |
|
|
Yti«,rf |
^ |
|
|
Xd. Naw vf U4oiL |
IniHtaltoi or 0*to (rf |
Colour of CLoththc* ^H |
|
mm Ninbn, nrochiD, . |
1756 |
Greuii— lied FHaftep ^^^ |
|
7H tit DaviiJ, Dtmjfw, |
1758 |
Cum9an^~G<f{4 lae«. ^H |
|
11^ GUminifi, |
1765 |
U^hi Blufs, ^H |
|
101 St Viff<MiQ, ArliroAlb, , |
nofi |
Uffht nime. ^M |
|
119 St John, JohaitlmroTi, . |
1793 |
^M |
|
ISO St Potflr, MiJOtMws, , |
1769 |
Gi^n. ^H |
|
!£) St JamoA, Jtr^hin, |
Itlua^Scarkt Trim. ^H |
|
|
13G 8t Ljiurt^nco, Ltnr^^ncoktrk, . |
lll*"^ |
Cri^titi and Red. ^H |
|
IfiS HiUtlt» OjKTjitivo, Ottudt^o, . |
17&5 |
(drt?«Q— Ydlow Fringfi* ^^ |
|
1S2 liicrtrjJttrittttl Kilifiiriiii;;, Motitrosc*^ Ijyj |
CHmffMi- J |
|
|
2Sri Torfdrund Ki«L^ardu*i\ Dan4cop |
1S<>6 |
Grtioti aad Gold. ^H |
|
2♦■5^ t-ttloJonmrt, DuiHoo, |
1S14 |
Crimoon ttsd G«ld. ^^| |
|
989 3t Atidrovr, LochloQ, . |
ldl0 |
B«d— Gjwn £d^. ^H |
|
SW Atrlie, Kirritfmtur, |
l^ |
■ |
|
299 rammiro, Ai^binath^ , |
1^33 |
Crimion and White* 1 |
|
303 Lowor, Forfftr |
14^4 |
Piirido atnl Orattj^c* 1 |
|
317 C.4ti4»(»rdowa, DiiQd»«, . |
1526 |
Crimeoti-'l.t Drab Fr, J |
|
^^ L0I»t3K«l FOltHCnLY KXISTIIfQ, ^^M |
||
|
m ^ |
OH*. So. |
^H |
|
^H ttB^rvi* |
3»7 B£ F&IUdJoj, AuchfliblH ^H |
|
|
^^V^ Hi F«Hkr fCnwInolnir |
avn IItrm<iny» eftonflhuven ^^^| |
|
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WH^itJlnaruw, &trftthinw- |
^ |
TliLs Province was instituted on 13tlj August 17-^7, and confirmed on 11 til NoveniV»cr following, as tiie Province of Forfar or Angus and A1)onloen. T!io first Provincial Grau'l Muster was either Provost U()l)crt Thomson or John Cumin:,'', Esquire, but which of them does not appear distinctly on the records. On 2d February 175G, David Dairy mple. Esrjuire, Advocate, was appointed to the then vacant office. A redistribution of Districts having taken place, the Honourable William Maule of Panmure (afterwards Lord Panniure) was appointed Provincial Gran<l Master of the Province of Angus on 4th May 1801, which ho hold till liis deatli in 1852, when he was succeeded by his son, the present Provincial Grand Master, on the 2d August of that year.
The Lodge Montrose Kilwinning was represented in 1730 by " Robert Allison, Master, Charles Mack and Samuell Neilson, Wardens."
The Lodge " Dundee," which, by ** Robert Strachaune, Master,'* signed the charter in favour of Sir William St Clair, and took part also in the first Grand Lodge by " John Young, Esq., Dep. Master for the Earle of Home, Alexander Tait and Chalmers Lewis, Wardens," is supposed to have been the Ancient Operative, No. 47, whicli asserts a tradit'onal antiquity of more than a thousand years. It also clainis as one of its ancient Masters David Earl of Huntingdon, to whom is ascribed the erec- tion of a fine old cathedral, which was partly destroyed by fire in 1841.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 379
xiT. — DUMBARTON PROVINCE. — Erected 1837.
Provincial Grand Master. — Alexander Smollett, Esquire,
of Bonhill, M.P.;
Appointed 1840.
Year of No. Name of Lodge. 'OTDate^o? Colour of Clothing.
Charter. 18 St Jolm Kilwinning, Dumbarton, 1726 Purple.
28 St John, Kirkintilloch, 39 Kilsyth,
147 Cadder, Argyle, Moodiesburn, 170 St John, Leven, Dumbarton, 199 St Andrew, Cumbernauld,
1735 Crimson — Red Edging.
1 740 Ste w. Tar.,Wb., B.& R.Fr.
1777 Red, Blue, and Yel. Edge.
1788 Green.
1797 Black.
384 Athole, KirkintUloch, 1858 Athole Tartan.
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING.
Orig. Orig.
No. No.
235 Denny and Loanhead 892 St Andrew Ro^al Aroh, Donhlll
This Province was originally conjoined with that of Renfrew, William M'Dowall, Esquire, of Garthland, M.P., being appointed in May 1801, Provincial Grand Master of Dumbarton and Renfrewshire ; afterwards it was joined to Stirlingshire, for on 5th August 1822, Thomas Graham Stirling, Esquire, of Airth, was appointed Provincial Grand Master of the Province of Stirling and Dumbarton, vice Major Mayue, of Powis Lodge, late Provincial Grand Master of Stirlingshire, deceased. On 13th November 1837 it was erected into an independent Province, John Cross Buchanan, Esquire, of Auchentoshan, being appointed to the charge thereof, and was succeeded in 1840 by the present Provincial Orand Master.
XIII. — FiFESHiRE PROVINCE. — Erected 1745.
Provincial Grand Master, — John WnYTE-MELViLLE, Esq., of Bennochy
and Strathkinness ;
Appointed Ist August 1841.
Year of No. Name of Lodge. omJSJ*^ Colour of Clothing.
Charter.
19 St John, Cupar-Fife, . . . 1736 Dark Green.
25 St Andrew, St Andrews, . . 1736 Light Blue and Silver.
|
^^^^ 380 Tmt U!*JT0IIY |
1 OF |
FREE MASONRY* ^^B |
|
|
Ywrpf |
i |
||
|
^H «t«. »«D»ori^«^, |
Imtltiitioi or IXttte of |
* ColvvrofaoCbXnf, ^1 |
|
|
^H 56 Si Jolin, DutirormUne, |
1736 |
White— Crimson Ed^ia^, B |
|
|
^1 ^ Si JoLii, Falkluid, |
1737 |
Bltjc— Red Border. 1 |
|
|
^H 00 8i Johti, Tarcrkoithinj;, |
1754 |
Dflrk B1a&— Orang^Trim, fl |
|
|
^H 72 Kirkttldf, . , . , |
1758 |
Dark Bttir. ■ |
|
|
^H 77 St ]Uf;ulu9, Cup4ir Fife^ |
J75D |
Clirtt— SiJrcr Fd^ng, ^^ |
|
|
^H 91 lUgmf Levcn^ |
1763 |
Dark liluo and R^?d, ^^B |
|
|
^V 106 Lmdorce, Nowbureli, . |
17ti7 |
Oranj^e and DltU), ^^^H |
|
|
^H 121 &t Cyrc, Apctacrmuchtx, . |
1770 |
^H |
|
|
■ 172 St Bnce.Kirlsflldy, . |
17SB |
Lt^^ljt Bine. ^^H |
|
|
^ J85 St Adriiin, Vittcowcrm, |
1*113 |
Emoratd Orcon- ^^^H |
|
|
SflU L^iion, nunfonnUncv . |
1S13 |
B(ue— Sc^trlct Trim. ■ |
|
|
304 Wtn^K^'tH^rtfli^IlruceyAuchtennuchtf, 1323 |
liofoX Blue -If od Cdjpnf^. ■ |
||
|
n27 3t Si^rff, Kiiiro«¥, - |
. |
1829 |
Mazarcne Blue. H |
|
385 jLlintQ, UoLKolly, . • |
* |
ISW |
Crimfinn., ^| |
|
LOPnlCS FOAMmilLT EXmTTNG. ^^| |
|||
|
nrlff. |
OfU. |
^^^H |
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|
Nfr |
No, |
^^^^^H |
|
|
ni Itjurt |
101 OtHffHld Af Danntkttfr ^^^H |
||
|
irie h( AnJrvm, Cfmrt |
3MI ICdLn Op«amUn,StntiunU|lo ^^^H |
||
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:)17 8t MI{ihA*l. L«Mlh«« ^^^1 |
|||
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331 TliiiM |
of Fife ^^^« |
||
|
lift 8t Aylc, Angtrnther |
344 Tay Union, Ferry-Port-on-Craig |
14.') St Mungo, Uoyal Arch, Culross
On Ttli August 1745 Alexainler Melville, Esquire, of Balgarvie was appointed Provincial Grand Master of the Lodges within the County of Fife, which, in 1747, numbered only five, viz. — " Coupar-in-Fife, St Andrews, Dunfermline, Dysart, and Falkland." On 2d February 1756, John Cunningham, Esquire, younger, of Balbougie, was ap- pointed Provincial Grand Master, and the Lodge Inverkeithing was at the same time added to those above-named. On 30th November 1801, Cienenil Sir James St Clair Erskine, Bart, (afterwards Earl of Rosslyn), was appointed to take charge of this now large, influential, and important Province, and on 30th November 1838, George William, Earl of Rothes, 6ucceede<l, vice the Earl of Rosslyn, deceased. The Earl of Rothes received, in 1840, the highest honours the Brethren could confer, being, on St Andrew's Day of that year, elected Grand Master Mason of Scotland, and whose death, in the year following, threw a gloom over the whole Scottish fraternity. He was succeeded in the Provincial Grand Mastership by John Whyte-Melville, Esquire,^ the present Depute Grand Master.
^ The Grand Lodge, in 1841, divided this Province into the Eastern and Western Districts, and Brother Why te-Melvillo was appointed, on Sth Noveni-
TflE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 381
The majority of the Lodges of this Province are of a very old stand- ing, three of them having been present at the meeting of the Grand Lodgo in 1 736, viz. — ** Coupar-of-Fyfe," represented by " Doctor John Moncriof, Master, John Ross and John Sheen, Wardens ;*' " Dum- fermling, " represented by " Captain Arthur Forbes, Master, Baillie Charles Chalmers and Henry Findlay, Wardens ;" " Kirkcaldie," re- presented by " William Baxter, Master, James Wylie and Alexander White, Wardens f and appended to the Charter in favour of William St Clair we find the following : —
Dumfemiling — Robert Pest
Thomas Weir mason in Edr. Thomas Robertsoun wardane of the Ludge of DuNFERMLiNG and Sanct Androis and takand the burd- ing upon him for the brethren of the Mason Craft within they Lwdges and for the Commissioners efter mentionat, viz. David Skowgall Alexander Gilbert and David Spens for the Lwdge of Sanct Androis Andrew Alisone and Archibald Angous Commis- sionaris for the Lwdge of Dwmfermling and Robert Baize of Haddington with our handis led on the pen be the notaris under- written at our commandis because we can nocht write.
Ita est Laurentius Robesoun notarius publicus ad prsemissa requisitus de specialibus mandatis diet, personarum scribero nescien ut aseruerunt testan. manu mca propria
[Ita est] Henricus Banna[tyne] connotarius ad premissa [de man- datis] antedictarum personarum [scribere nescientinm ut aparuerunt teste] manu mea propria
And to that granted to Sir William St Clair, about twenty-six or twenty-eight years afterwards we have again :
Tli^ Ludge of Dunfemdingey (Robert Alisone, one of the Masters of Dunfermling.)
ber 1841, Provincial Grand Master of the Eastern part of the county only ; Brother George Walker- Arnott, of Arlary, LL.D., Professor of Botany in the University of Glasgow, being appointed, of the same date, to the Western part of the Province ; this diWsion being found inconvenient, the commission of the latter was recalled on 1st August 1842, when Brother Whyte-Melville was appointed Provincial Grand Master of the whole Province.
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^^I^B |
^^^H |
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3*5 THI? niKTOBT DP PftBE JfABOKBT. ^^H |
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XTT,— tA5ABKsnTRE, TTrpEft WARD mOTISCE.— ^/w/<frf 180l< 1 |
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J*n>vincud Oratui MagUr.^W iLhixM Euwam Hopc^Vrre, Ksq^ of | |
|
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Cmigiolia)] and |
Blackwood ; 1 |
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AppomLe<l aoth NoretnWr 16td7> f |
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\wiA ■ |
|
|
K«b NuMofU4ti^ |
'.S^lMti'of Colfturof Clsthtofr ■ |
|
i»i»rt*r, ^^B |
|
|
30 St John, r^ma^A^^ir, |
]T3fJ ^M |
|
21 Old St John, J^nark, , , . |
IT.'Kf HlwK-Red Edgirtff. ^^| |
|
IIS St nrido, Dou^rka, |
17«i!> arwn. V |
|
lin Frc« ()pt»ri^Hv«i, B^gaj-, . |
17H^ lilUL. ■ |
|
1H7 J^t JciUD,CATlllkC, |
179A Grr^n. H |
|
236 StJolin,WiI*HmUmIrooWOTk% |
ISJO tlJut^-Wbito V4\^fi. ■ |
|
1S13 Cbfl— CrimTOn Edf^n^t* | |
|
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24S Lo<;Uh»H,t>t John.Ctrotvath, . |
1^12 D^tie-Wlxito nd|ii»K' ^H |
|
d06 8i ThomaA, Lftrkhnll. |
lS2n Crimen illue EdK^nf^^^^H |
|
32t> Cl/ddidiJi^. [iinark. |
162S Gr^on. ^H |
|
tODOCa rORUEHLV ^XL-!Tt>a ^^| |
|
|
%*** |
nriit ^^H |
|
If«^ |
^^H |
|
MLaurkKUwIiiDlut |
ZTt/ Bt DATld, Ktw LtnfLTk ^^H |
|
U3 LAtllkbKKnw |
^^^ |
On 4tli May 1801, Lord ArcliibalJ Hamilton wa8 appointccl Provincial Grand Master of this district, which was divided into two in KSIG, viz. — the Ui)j)er and Middle Ward Provinces, Daniel Vere, Esquire, of Stone- byres, being appointed in that year to the Provincial Grand ^lastcrship of the Upper, vice Lord Archibald Hamilton transferred to that of the Middle Ward. On a vacancy occurring, Sir Charles Macdonald Lockhart of Lee and Caruwartli, Bart., was appointed thereto on Mi November 1827, and at his death was succeeded by the Marrjuess of Douglas and Clydesdale, now Duke of Hamilton, in November 1 S'S3 ; upon his transference, also to the Middle Ward, in 1838, Sir Norman Macdonald Lockhart of Lee, ttc, succeeded to the oQice, at whose decease his kinsman, William Lockhart, EMjuire, of Milton-Lockhart, M.P., was appointed in 184.0, and worthily held the Iionour until his death in 18.i7. The present Provincial (irand Master is thus the 7th within the present century.
The Lodges " Lesmahaggow," (St John, No. 20, above.) *' St Brides at Douglas," "Lanark," (Old St John, x\o. 21, above,) and '* Biggar," (Free Operatives,) wore all present by their representatives in the Grand Loilge in IToH; St John, Lesmahagow, being represented by "Robert Blessit, Master, David Bosuall and Peter Campbell, Wardens," St Bride bv "John Douglass, Master, Thomas Allan and John Oswald, Wardens/'
THE IIISTOKY OP FREE MASONRY. 383
Old St .lohn, Lanark, by " Sir William Baillie, Master, George Bull and Henry Hepburn, Wardens," and " Biggar" by Thomas Trotter, Master, John Nisbet and Hew Penman, Wardens."
XV. — BERWICK AND liOXBURQH PROVINCE.^ — Erected 1827. Proviitcicd Grand Mastership. — Vacant.
Year of
No. Name of Lodge. o?*Dlte of" ^o^o"' <>' Clothing.
Charter.
23 Dunse, .
68 Kelso, . 132 St Luke, Laudor, . 261 Tweed, Kelso, 280 St John, Coldstream,
1736 Green— Gold Lace.
1772 Sky Blue.
1816 Mazarcnc Blue.
1819 Light Blue.
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING.
Orig. Orig. No. No.
lao St John, Jedburgh 903 Beaumont, Yetholm 243 8t Andrew, Jedburgh
This Province, at one time conjoined with that of Peebles and Selkirk, was erected into an independent one in 1827, the first Provincial Grand Master being Brother Hay of Dnnse Castle, appointed November 30, 1829. Nothing farther occurs in the Minutes regarding it until 1836, when Admiral Sir David Milne of Milnegraden, K.C.B., was appointed to the Provincial Grand Mastership on the 30th November of that year. On Ist February 1847 John Campbell Renton, Esquire, of Mordington, succeeded to the honour vacant by the death of Admiral Sir David Milne. No successor has yet been appointed to Brother Renton, who died in 1855.
The Lodge "Dunse" was represented in 1736 by "David Home, Master, William Robertson and Robert M*Clollau, Wardens." Its records go as far back as 1728.
The Lodges, though few in number, sustain in the most creditable manner the interests of the Craft in this classic portion of the kingdom.
^ There is a Lodge in Melrose with a Charter f^aid to be dated in the early part of the 12ih century, whose office-bearers it is uvorred have in their cus- tody books and records going buck for nearly the last 300 years. This is the only Lodge in Scotland not in connection with the Grand Lodge. See. also page 250 of this Volume, supra.
Jolin Marmy, ERrfulroj Keeper of tbe Minnie- Book of tbo Court of SewioT), wag iipjioiotoil in 17^7 ProTinciftl Graod Mitsior of " Poebletb dec./' a 11 it wa^ aucoet'dod in 17^6 by James Ljdderd:i)e, Ksquiro^ CoUi?ta- torof Escciae at Kcl^. In 1801 Georgo Dou^la^, Eaquire, of Cavcra, was appointed Provincial Grand Master of *' Peebles, Selkirk, Arc.,*' at whose death William, Gth Marquess of Lothian, K.T., succeeded on 8th May 181.5 as Provincial Grand Master of " Peebles, Selkirk, Roxburgh, and Berwick." In 1827 a re-distribution of Lodges took place, when John Hay, Esquire, younger of Hayston, <tc., was appointed to the Pro- vincial Grand Mnstcrship of Peebles and Selkirkshires only, which he held until his death in 1838.
The Lodge " Peebles" (Kilwinning), was represented in 1736 by " James May, Master, Robert Hay and Samuell Todd, Wardens," and St John, ''Sclkrig," by '^ Thomas Milln, Master, Robert Douglass and George Kcir, Wardens."
The Lodges of this ancient Province enjoy a high degree of prosperity, which is doubtless owing in no small degree to the advantages derived from recent railway comnmnication, and the consequent rising importance of the places in which the Lodges arc situated. In Peebles a great change has taken place within a very few years, and the last occasion on which the Lodges of this district assembled in the town of that ancient and royal burgh will be indelibly inscribed in her annals, viz. — the Keying of the New Rridge across Eddlestonc Water, and laying the Foundation- stone of the Great Hall of the Chambers Institution.
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 385
XVII. — STIRLINGSHIRE PROVINCE. — Erected 1745.
Provincial Grand Master, — Sir A. C. Maitland Gibson- Maitl and,
of Clifton Hall, Bart. ;
Appoiutcd 5th August 1850.
Year of No. Name of Lodge. q,. pi^te of Colour of Clothing.
Charter.
30 Ancient, Stirling, . 1708 Light Blue.
69 St John, Alloa, .... 1757 Light Blue.
76 Royal Arch, Stirling, . 1759
195 Caledonian St John, R. A., Campsie, 1796 Tartan, BI. and Bl. Edge.
312 Bruce and Thistle, Bannockburn, 1S24 Dark Blue.
391 Zetland, Grangemouth, . 1859 Red and Buff.
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING.
Orig. Orig.
No. No.
19 Falkirk 247 Lennox Kilwinning, Campsie
138 Carron 24d Operative, Falkirk
213 Munlsburgh, Kilsyth 301 GrahamBton and Carron
On 6th February 1745 it is recorded that " John Callander of Craig- forth is appointed Provincial Grand Master for Stirling, and other Lodges in that part of the country, for tho ensuing year, and thereafter, until another be named in his place, with the ordinary powers." The names of Sir Alexander Dalmahoy of that Ilk, and Sir Alexander Hopo of Carse, occur afterwards in connection with tho office, but regarding either of whom nothing farther is recorded. On Ist February 1802 Major Mayne of Powis Lodge was appointed to the vacant chair, at whose death in 1822, Thomas Graham Stirling, Esquire, of Airth, was appointed Provincial Grand Master of Stirling and Dumbarton, his successor, for Stirling Province only, being Colonel the Honourable George R. Abercromby, afterwards Lord Aborcromby, appointed 1st August 1836, and resigned in 1850. On the 5th August of that year the present Provincial Grand Master received the appointment, and was formally installed into office in 1852.
The Lodge Ancient, Stirling, reference to whose antiquity has been made on several occasions throughout this volume, claims to be the representative of that body of Masons who were engaged in the con- struction of Cambuskennelh Abbey, founded by David I, in 1147.
TU Lodge Si John, AUott^ is ^o oflTalioot from tl)« LoJ^ ADoent, ^^D o6«boo% Ijowcvcr, or n very foii4Mfi»Ue growth, ^ it oonplcied ItA fint oODtcnur/ iim ilie Htb Nownbcr 1857, wKtcIi w%9 oetebmiod fay s UtK^neij pre«iiIoil orer by tho Ppoviaoi&l Gnn^ Mut«r, «ti«l ftttended Ly tlf^pntatjona fn>m tbv Lcxtge* Aiid«iitr SttHiiig ; Rnoe aod Tliiirtle, IJ*ntiockbttrn ; St Clair, FJitaburigt, 4jc.
Tbu Lodg(' Kalkirkf tLoo^^b long bince extinct, took pn^rt In tho mnot- ing of tbo firtt Gmnd I^^lgo. being rcproscnttxl oxi tfaat ocotiton by " MicbiMl Brncttp Mii»tor, Hob^rt Mirn4^ atid William Walker, W'^rdefiB," It i« fartbtT wuftby uf not^ iLat it Hua tbc Loilgs wU^ ncommetided tbo Petitioti of the Lod^e St Andrew, Boston, HttMncbvsottjs, (or h Vhr^TUfT from tbo Gmnd Lcnlgo of £^ttJand, from whom tt at &nit b^d. 'l'bif< Lodge cdebmtod in tlio eity of Boeton, on St Andrew's Day tJ^^^t tU«ir fimt cent^nial aiiQiTeragtry, wb«u tbe Gmnd Lod^c was repm- vetUcHl by op«ci&l inritatioi]^ as [ticfltiooed on fvage 312, tupn^
XVni,— ABKRDEKN, CtXT PaOVllfCK, — Eftcted \Sli .
Provincial Grand Master, — Alexi^t^pba Hadden, £9t]uire of Peneley ;
Appointed 2d November 1S46.
Name of Lodge.
34 Aberdeen,
51 yt Macliiir, Aberdeen,
93 ?t Nicliolas, 110 St Andrew, „ 150 Operative, Aberdeen, 10*4 Old Aberdeen, 1.90 St Georf;e, Aberdeen, 375 Neptune, „
One No.
iKt 8t Luke, Gilcomston 22:J .St Junics, Al>crdcen
|
Year of Instituti.in or hate of |
Colour of Clothing |
|
Charter. |
|
|
1070 |
Li;;lit Blue. |
|
1753 |
Li<;ht lilue. |
|
17(;3 |
Green. |
|
1 7<ls |
Hoyul Stuart Tartan |
|
17M |
Blue— (.Jreen Friu<^r> |
|
178G |
Blue. |
|
1794 |
Bed. |
|
1S56 |
Dark Blue. |
|
' r:\isTi NO. |
|
|
Orig. No. |
|
|
318 St Peter, Alx-nleeii |
|
|
390 St Machar, WooUsiJo |
Tlie Lodges in tbc Aberdeen City Province, tbough only erected into an independency on tbe .>tb February 1827, bad previously been mixed up in a great degree witli tboso in Forfarsbire; tbus, in 1747, tbo Lodge Aberdeen appears tberein ; and on tbe appoiutment of a new Pro- vincial Grand Ma.stcr for tbe Forfar, ttc, district, in 1750, tbo Lodge St Macbar is inter alia added to tbose formerly under bis jurisdiction ; in
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. [3387
point of fact, all that has been already said relative to the Province of Forfar is applicable to the -whole of Aberdeenshire up to 1827.
The first Provincial Grand Master was the well-known Thomas Burnet, Esquire, Advocate, appointed 5th February 1827, for a long period of years Secretary and Purse-bearer to the respective Lord High Commissioners to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland; his successor in 1834 being William Watson, Esquire, the highly esteemed Sheriff-Substitute of Aberdeenshire, and whose name is widely known and inseparably connected with the institution of Ragged Schools; he having resigned the office, Louis Crombie, Esquire, younger of Phesdo, was appointed on 4th November 1 839, and was succeeded on 2d Novem- ber 1846 by the present Provincial Grand Master, with whose efficient rule the Grand Master, on the occasion of his visit in 1851 to the Lodges in this Province, expressed himself highly satisfied.
As will be seen by the dates given above, nearly all the Lodges are of an ancient standing, some of them even claiming a more remote one than that here allotted to them, the most prominent being No. 34, which has been referred to on page 84 supra, and which, on 30th No- vember 1743, was granted precedence in the Grand Roll from 1736, on which occasion it was represented by ** The Right Honourable The Earle of Kintore, Master, David Maull and Robert Biggar, Wardens. "
XIX. — ELGIN AND MORAY PROVINCE. — Erected 1827.
Provincial Grand 3f aster. — George Skene Duff, Esquire, M.P. ; Appoiuted 8th November 1852.
|
Year of |
||
|
No. Name of Lodge. |
Institution or Diito of Cliarter. |
Colour of |
|
37 St John Operative, Forres, . |
1739 |
Green. |
|
45 KilmoUymock, KIpfin, |
1744 |
Dark Green. |
|
144 St Lawrence, Forres, |
1777 |
|
|
148 Trinity, Elgin, |
1777 |
U^hi Blue. |
|
193 St John Operative, Rothes, |
1795 |
Light Blue. |
|
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING. |
||
|
Orig. |
Orig. |
|
|
No. |
No. |
312 Granton CraigeUachio 367 St James, Archiestown, Knookendo
328 St John Operative, Charleston, Aberlour 314 Bt Ninian Operative, Nairn
Though erected on 5th November 1827, there was no appointment to the Provincial Grand Mastership until 30th November 1833, when Sir Thomas Dick-Laudor of Fountainhall and Grange, Bart., was chosen
Fr^riodal Orvuid Matter thereof, whicK ofBot b« rwjgoetl qu being ftppoinUnt *SiiWitut« Umnd Mo^i^^r ou 3iAth November 1838, the Ri*,^hl Hounumhlfi FcuL Mtiulo (nuw LofU Pautuuro) beiDg in? aDisoc^soJ-, iot which be a1«or«9«ti;^ed,oQ 30tb July 1S''t2, mi biJi tmrnftrrvDce to the Pn^ rinc^ cif Furfuj-, auJ hla aecewioti to tlic fatnily iitlctf ttfld eetatcfb Tb« premot ProvinciM Gmn<l Master suoooedoU a^ above atUed. !l is to b« hoped th&t thg laiidnblo tktul sU^y coursd hitborto ]>grniodf ft^uetitly in ifao face of many (It0ieu1ttej»r by the Lotlgc* in tbi9 an«) th« other Proviucee in tbo North of Scotlandf now that railway (ydTpmuotcatiuQ ha# mado ibom more ncra'o^'iblo to tb« publico geuoniJIy, will meet witb th^t enoovngoinoiit aii<l Biucr(r48 wbkh ibcy wedl merit
XX. — DEEHIT AJTD ZJffTLA5D PEOVIKCB, — ErtCttd 1747^
x«.
^■uudI Lading
3S-* Kirkwall Kilwinning', Kirkwall, 89 Morton's, Lerwick, Zetland,
Ymtt/t
or PM*tf
1740 176*-2
Mazarene Blue. Green.
LOIXJE rOUMKHLY KXISTING.
Orig. No. 237 St Paul, Kirkwall
In 1747 Andrew Ross, Es<[uiro, Stewart-Depute of Orkney, was aj)i)ointcd Provincial Grand Master over " the Lodges of Kirkwall in Orkney. ' lii November I SOI Sir George S. Mackenzie of Coul, Bart., was appointed Provincial Grand Master of '' Orkney and Caithness," and tlio Grand Lodge, on the 1st of February 1S02, sanctioned the transference of several Lodges from the district of Inverness, with con- sent of the Provincial Grand Master thereof, to that of Orkney and Caithness. Sir George having resigned, Colin Mackenzie, Es(juire of Kilcoy, was appointed his successor on 1st May 182(> as Provincial Grand Master for " Orkney, lloss, and Cromarty." On 1st February 1847 Sir Evan Mackenzie of Kilcoy, Bart., succeeded, under the title of Provincial Grand Master of Ross and Cromarty, which see, page 392, antta.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 389
XXI. — WIGTON AND KIRKCUDBRIGHT PROVINCE. — Erected 1747-
Provincial Grand Master, — The Hon. John, Viscount Dalrymple ; Appointed 8th May 1848.
Year of No. Name of Lodge. 'o/Date^of Colour of aothing.
Charter.
41 8t Cnthbert, Kirkcudbright, 1741 Light Blue.
161 St Stephen, Gatehouse-of-Fleet, . 1785 Green and Gold.
162 St John, Newabbey, 1785 Blue and Orange. 323 St Mary, Kirkcudbright, 1827 Green and White.
LODGES formerly EXISTING.
Orig. Orig.
No. ,No.
123 St Bernard Kilwinning 2&3 St John, Castle-Douglas
125 Wigton Kilwinning 273 Stranraer Kilwinning
183 St Andrew, Creehridge 296 St David, Kirkpatriok-Durham
245 Union, Newton-Douglas 374 St John, New Galloway
248 St Thomas, Whithorn
This Province was originally classed under the head of " West Country Lodges." In 1747 it was erected into a separate district by the title of the Province of " Kirkcudbright, Ac," under the care of Collector Mollison, Provincial Grand Master of the " West of Scot- land Lodges.." Nothing further regarding its history appears from the Minutes of the Grand Lodge until 6th May 1833, when a petition was presented from the Lodges in the Province of Wigton and Kirkcud- bright, praying for the appointment of a new Provincial Grand Master, in room of Sir Alexander Gordon, deceased, of whose election, however, no record exists. Difficulties seem to have arisen as to his successor, as nothing was done until 8th May 1848, when the present Provincial Grand Master, then John Dalr3rmple, Esquire, M.P., was appointed to the vacant office.
XXII. — ARGTLESHIBB AND THE ISLES PROVINCE. — Erected 1801 .
Provincial Grand Master, — Walter Frederick Campbell, Esquire, of
Shaw field ; Appointed 30th November 1838. Year of
No. Name of Lodge. OT*D!SeS Colour of Clothing.
Charter.
60 St John, Inverary, ... 1747 Bine.
141 St John, Campbelton, . 1776 Light Blue.
292 St John, Uothesay, . 1821 Dk. Bl.— Ed. with Lt. Bl.
335 Argyll, Dunoon, .... 1834 Argyll Tartan.
L01>a^ FORMEHLY GXIBTINO.
No"
Wi fit KU4a, l*ortrR4>
ttC fit Martin^ Ar^v aSft Lnri» ID J Arrookuir
Colcmol Cttrapbellt younger, of Sha'wfieM, wa^ appointed lite firit Proviii^^uil OraoJ Matit«r or tliia widely extendcil disUtct io 1801, and ut lii^ dDatli wfifl flutceeJod on .'>tli May 1915 Ly Reginald Mttcdotialdr Eflr|nirD, of Staft% iifterwiirde Sir Regiuald MacdonalJ Stewart Scton, Ddrt. j the prcMent Proviuciftl Graod Maxtor aucceeiling on SOtli Novem- ber 1838, on the death of Sir Reginald* Tj»e Lodgta io thla and tbe following^ Province were nt first oowprehendeU andor tbe tittoof ** West CoUDtry Lodges/'
K
IX nr. — DUMFBiESSHiRB PROVINCE. — Erected 1756.
Provincial Grand Master, — Joitn Stewart^ Esi^uire} of Nateby HaU ;
Appomted 2d August 1852.
No.
Name of Lodge.
63 Dumfries Kilwinning, (Suspended,)
62 Thistle, Dumfries,
63 St Michael Kilwinning, Dumfries, 79 St Andrew, Annan,
100 St Magdalene, Lochmaben, .
107 Eskdale Kilwinning, Langholm,
140 Operative, Dumfries, .
234 St Peter, Mousewald, .
238 Caledonian, Annan,
262 St John, thomhill,
258 QuhytwooUen, Lockerby,
Year of Institution or Date of
Charter.
1750 1754 1755 1760 1766 1767 1776 1810 1811 1814 1816
Colour of Clothing.
Light Blue.
Dark Blue— White Edg.
Dark Blue.
Green — Pink Border.
Blue and White.
Red— with Blue Border.
Dk. Blue— Lt Blue Trim.
Crimson — Gold Fringe.
42d Tartan- White Edge.
Dark Blue.
Blue — Red Border.
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING.
1
Orig. No.
139 8t Paul, Nithsdale 159 Hartfell, Moffat 170 8t Andrew, Puinfiies 105 Sanquhar, Kilwinning
Orig.
No.
204 Union, Dumfries
256-2 8t Ruth, RuthweU
336 St Orwald, Langholm
Andrew Crosbie, Esquire, was appointed Provincial Grand Master of the '' Dumfries District" on 2d February 1756, and was succeeded on
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
801
2d May 1785 by Alexander Fergusson, Esqaire, of Craigdarroch, the commission styling him Provincial Grand Master of the Southern Dis- trict of Scotland. At his death Brother Campbell of Fairfield was appointed on 30th November 1796, whose transference to Ayrshire occasioned a vacancy, which was filled on 4th May 1801 by the appoint- ment of Francis Sharpe, Esquire of Hoddam, to the Provincial Grand Mastership of " Dumfriesshire." On 2d August 1813, Major William Miller succeeded, vice Sharp, deceased ; Major ISIiller's successor being John Babington, Esquire, of Summerville, of the Honourable East India Company's Service, appointed on 7th November 1837, and died in 1852, in which year the present Grand Master was appointed.
The Lodge Caledonian, Annan, No. 238, is in possession of " Burns' Mason Punch Bowl," which was purchased at the sale of the Poet's effects by the late Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esquire, the celebrated antiquarian.
XXIV. — ABERDEENSHIRE, — EAST PROVINCE. — Erected 1827.
No.
Name of Lodge.
56 Koith, Peterhead, 67 Forbes, Rosehearty,
Year of Ir Date oT Colour of Clothtop.
Charter.
1754 Blue.
1755 Blue.
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING.
Ortg.
No.
72 Hantly
205 St Anthony, Invorury 263 Solomon, Fraserburgh 287 Fraserburgh Freemasons
Orig. No.
327 St James, Peterhead
338 Fraser's, Striohen
3&I Ellon, Aberdeenshire
341 St Paul, Geometrical, Huntly
This Province, although instituted on 5th November 1827, had no Provincial Grand Master appointed to it until the dd February 1834, when Lieutenant Colonel Sir Andrew Leith Hay, M.P., received the Commission, with the usual powers, but as he never acted upon it, the appointment is in abeyance, the Lodges meanwhile recognising the jurisdiction of the Provincial Grand Master of West Aberdeenshire.
892
TBB H1«r[ORY OF PRBS llAMNHT.
Txr. — KoztBritGtt PaovrocB, ( Tide poge 363^ #upm.)
xxvj. — Eoss AND caoMAETT nomxcE,~£rtct^ 1847- Prwin€iai Orand -Bfturfrr.— Sir Eva:< MACKENXtE, of Kilwy, Bart- ;
Ito.
Iftmui tj LodiK
h
|
Yttxtt Hhitllutlon Clurtar. |
CWtrar of riotblnp. |
|
1761 |
a won. |
|
17*:: |
LJffht I«iio, |
|
n7J |
Hky Biuo. |
|
1S2Q |
Blue -SilYor Kdgmg |
106 Fortr<]w. Htonioirft^j
Tbon^H cncted eo late ai Ut Fobruary 1847 into un iDdcpencJcnt PfovluL^o, jta c?jti*totit?o in connection *riUi otbors d.itpD from the begtumng of tbc [inweiit contury* Tini/i, id ISOl, it wiw int^orporatod w^Uh lover* nCHB und Elgin, and In 1826 wilb tbat of Orknoj anO Zetland. Sinc^ its erection it ba4 beou nuder tUe euporiotondeEioo of iu present Pn>* vinoial Gmud MA«tor.
XXVII. — RENFREWSHIRE, — EAST PROVINCE. — Erected 1826.
Provincial Grand Master. — Sir John Maxwell of PoUok, Bart. ; Aj)pointcd tJth February 1S26.
No. Name of Lodge.
116 Royal Arch, Rutherglen,
129 St Mirrin, Paisley,
153 Royal Arch, Pollokshaws,
156 St Barclian, Kilbarchan,
242 Houston, St Johnstone,
347 St John Operative, Rutherglen,
370 Renfrew County Kil winning;,
|
Year of |
|
|
Institution or Date of |
Colour of Clothing. |
|
Charter. |
|
|
1769 |
Red and Blue. |
|
1772 |
Blue — Purple Fringe. |
|
1783 |
Crimson. |
|
17S4 |
Blue— Red Fringe. |
|
1811 |
Crimson. |
|
1846 |
Crimson & Waterloo Blue |
|
1855 |
Green. |
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING.
Oriff. No.
1[V) Montgomery Kilwinning, Eaglcshara
175 St James, Paisley
193 Prince of Wales, Renfrew
2.'k>-1 Royal Arch, Paisley
272 St Winnock, Garthland
Orig.
25«» St Andrew, Paisley :i08 St John, Erskine and Paisley ^4 Thistle and Crown, Neilston 378 Union and Crown, Barrhead 3S6 St John, Paisley
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 393
Renfrewshire, as a ProviDce, bas been in existence since 1772, prior to which date — ^and in fact, up to 1801, when it was known by the designation of the Dumbarton and Renfrew Province — ^it was under the superintendence of the Brethren, for the time being, who had the over- sight of what was vaguely termed '* The West Country Lodges." In 1826 it was divided into the Eastern and Western Districts, on which occasion the present Provincial Grand Master, then John Maxwell, Esquire, younger of Pollok, M.P., was appointed to the newly created office.
XXVIII. — BANFFSHIRE PROVINCE. — ErecUd 1801.
Provincial Grand Master, — James, 5th Earl op Fife ; Appointed (as Jaues Duff, Esq., M.P.,) 8th May 1848.
|
Year of |
||
|
No. |
Name of Lodga |
SDa?eo? Colour of Clothing. Charter. |
|
52 |
St Andrew, Banff, |
1749 Blue. |
|
92 |
St John, Operative, Banff, . |
1764 Crimson, Black Edge. |
|
224 |
Innocents, Cullen, |
1808 Blue and Yellow. |
|
LODGES formerly EXISTING. |
||
|
Grig. |
Orig. |
|
|
No. |
No. |
|
|
206 M'Duff, St James |
335 Fife Geometrioal, Keith |
|
|
250 St James, Operative, Keith |
358 St Andrew, Tomantoul |
|
|
262 St Stephen, Portsoy |
300 St James, Dufftown |
The first Provincial Grand Master of this District was the Most Honourable George, 9th Marquess of Huntly, K.T., Premier Marquess of Scotland, and was succeeded, on 5th November 1827, by the Right Honourable James, 4th Earl of Fife, — his successor being his nephew, then James Duff, Esquire, M.P. for Banffshire, who succeeded to the Earidom in 1857.
The Lodge St Andrew, Banff, is in possession of the first minute-book of the Lodge, dated December 27, 1708. It contains 140 pages, 32 of which have only been written on however, although it records the pro- ceedings from 170S to 1727 ; and as its length is only six inches, and its breadth scarcely three, it can readily be supposed that it contains no extraneous matter or redundant sentences, but goes right to the point at once. Some of it is extremely well written, one or two signatures to several of the Minutes being perfect gems of the handwriting of the period. There is a tradition that in the early days of the Lodge's exist- ence it used to meet in the Clayholes, on a cliff near Banff,
26
SS4 TiJit nfarroity or fbbb WAeoNHY.
XXIX, — ABBHDREKSHIRE,— WEST ritOVmCE.— JS'frttf^ 1827. Troinnnat Grand Jtf^a/^?r,— Tlie Moit HoTiuumllc Charles Gordon,
Appoiijl«^d (a* E;(iri of Aboyne) on 5th FVbnmry 1.S4D,
Vwr pf
Ko. NMwttf i^flQ. l,tniV,!l7 c^«^ of Clothing.
2W) St NrtthiiLm, TuIiMi in-Mur, 1^1/J yoMow^^S^Het Trfro,
tf^\ ClmHtifttDnof Abo^nt^ . . iSld Bl uu^ Yellow FHoge.
Wo. ^ N<K
JBHA >t AnAmw, Inch f^Arrloch 37S Si 0«nt*t fl%M4
:M9 iSt John, Ni»iv Mi)g^i^ 373 SI DftMIV*, FlttNM
Tbflngtt instituted »n /ftli Novc^niber 1827| no appiiintnioiit followcnl tititil tlic above ilate.
nofercTK'c l>as Uetn tfo fully mu^lo on |m^'e !2iH3t itupt^t^ to tbo powes- eion ly tlie LoJgc St NfithaUn, Tallicb^iQ^Mnfr of MarHljiil Soult^s M^iwoic Dtf>1oTUR^ tliat noticing fartbor necil be eiaiJ in lbi8 plnce^ unless h vrore to iTttmrk that itotlnn^ muM exceed the brothi^rty fmi coufteooa ttTiJis In wliicb the corrosponfJont'e nOafivo to its restorLitioii waa carried on by the OfKce -bearers of tbo Lotl^^.', uor, upon cause being shown, tho alacrity with which the request of tho Gran«l Lodge was complied with, and there can be no doubt but that, had the veteran soldier been spared to pen a reply, it would have been such as the Brethren of St Nathalan would have regarde<l as one of the most precious of their muniments.
XXX. — CAITHNESS PROVINCE. — Erected 1747.
Year of *T # w J Institution _ , ,,,,.,.
No. Name of Lodge. or Date of Colour of Clothing.
Charter.
284 St Peter, Thurso, . . 1S20
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING.
Grig. Oric
No. No.
45 St John, Thurso 252 St Fergus, Wick
This Province was erected on llth November 1747, the first, and in act only Provincial Grand Master thereof, being William Budge, Esquire, Writer to the Signet. Practically, it, as well as that of Orkney and Zetland, are under the superintendence of the Provincial Grand Master of Ross and Cromarty.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 895
LODGES ABROAD.
Grand Master of Scottish Free Masons in India, <fcc. — James Burne8> D.C.L., F.R.S., Knif^ht of the Koyal Hanoverian Gaelphic Order.
BENGAL PRESIDENCY. — Eastern India Province.
Year of
No. Name of Lodge. 'o^Slteff
Charter. 371 St David-in the-East, Calcutta, .... 1855
389 St Paul, Mhow, 1858
BOMBAY PRESIDENCY. — Westem India Province.
Provincial Grand Master. — Hy. Durance Cartwbight, Esq., Bombay;
Appointed 7th May 1855.
No. Name of Lodge.
Year of Institution or Date c^
Charter.
342 Rising Star of Western India, Bombay, . . 1844
343 St Andrew-in-theEast, Poonah, .... 1844
350 Hope, Karrachee, (Precedence from 25th April 1842,) . 1847
351 Perseyerance, Bombay, (Precedence from 27th Dec. 1842,) 1847 363 Victoria, Bclgaum, ...... 1852
ARABIA.
Year of No. Name of Lodge. ^rS?J?
Charter. 355 Felix, Aden, 1850
The great success which has attended Scottish Masonry in India and Dependencies is undoubtedly in a great degree attributable to the unwearied zeal, great erudition, and popular manners of the first ap- pointed Provincial Grand Master, the Chevalier Burnes.
His appointment on dOth November 1836, the day on which the first Centenary of the existence of The Grand Lodge of Scotland was celebrated, has been already mentioned in Chapter XII, page 219, supra. His Commission of that date, gave him jurisdiction over the Provinces of Western India and Dependencies only ; but on 24th August 1846, on the retiral of the 8th Marquess of Twceddale from the Provincial Grand Mastership of the Eastern Provinces of India, it was, on account of his Masonic services, extended over the three Presidencies, including Aden, with the title of Grand Master of Scottish Free- Masons in India, — which Commission he still retains.
A brief Memoir of a Brother so distinguished in Masonry, will no doubt be welcome to the Craft in general, and will, it is certain, be hailed with satisfaction by the Brethren in our Eastern Empire.
thr HtoTanr of prek »ji«oxRr,
Brother Daruee it tlie Aon of a genUcmftn well kooirn in Scotland M a bUo Prorost of Montrose, anU an !Lctiv6 Magi«trat« of lUe county of Forfir. HU grcftt-gr^nJfatb^r, a To irti- Council lor of tbe wnie burgli, vrm elJer brother of WiUjam Buroe«, iLc fatLer of S^tlftnil'e im mortal Poet ; au<i lib j*tVDdiiitboT waei tie relation to wboiii the iinfortUDAto Bori KpfKwMt aniL not m vaio, for pecimiary relief wbon on hU OoAtli-boiL
Brother tttirncn wm cdnc&te'l at the UutverHitjr of EJbhur^U, ojui Guy'standStThonme^A Hoi^pitaU in Londoit, anJarriveil at Howhay iu th^ CoitipAuyu ServiuL\ witli hia l>rothor, the lato Sir Aloxatvder, on tho3]cl October (821.
Aft^r Icing sn^ewirHyftttoch^ to the ArtiDory at Uotoonga; tLe ConvaJcKcent HoflpitAl at Bevtmrlroog - tho ^th Hei^uioQt MmAliM Native Infantry at Malli^m ; 4o4 tb« :j4lh Re^'itneat N. L at BwA* 4ora ; lie vr^ pontcrl in KobtUJtry \B23 to the 18th Hegiuient N. I , atuttonfM] ut BomWy, where? he wiup tUito selected to i^U|>erinteD<] tbo Institution for the rhecic nf Cbulom, In 182^^ tho honouiublo iip|>oitkt- ment of Surgeon to tbti Residency in Cutch having been o^oml by Mr EI[ihinatone for competition, a« a rcwaril to Me^iiCMl Olficera who would pnfi9 in tbo DUtive Inngnagc, Brother Burtie* wns the one of five caadi* dates who waa suoceBsfah
In 182.% be nccompanied, as a volunteer, tbo field force and detach- mcnts which expelled the Scindians and other plunderers who had in- vaded and devastated Cutch, forcing tho British Brigade to retire to the Hill fort of Bhooj. In 1827 the Ameers of Scinde, between whom and our Government a very uncordial feeling had subsisted for years, unex- pectedly solicited his services, and sent an Envoy to invite him to their capital, whore ho remained several months. He afterwards published a Narrative of his Visit, for which he received the thanks of the Govern- ment, the Coinniander-in-Chief pronouncing it a most valuable addition to the geography of India. The Government of Bombay directed it to bo presented to the Royal Asiatic Society through Sir John Malcolm ; circulated to public servants ; and printed at tho expense of the State. The Narrative of a Visit to Scinde drew from the Geographical Society of Franco a declaration that he had deserved well of Geography.
In 1829 Brother Burnes married Sophia, daughter of the late Major- General Sir George Holmes, K.C.B.
In 1830 the same reputation in the North -West frontier, which had induced the Ameers of Scinde to invite and welcome Brother Burnes to their capital, led to the Cutch Regency bringing his conduct and services specially to the notice of Government, with a request that they might have the power to remunerate them. He had now been nearly five years in that lately conquered and distracted country ; and such was
THB HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 397
the feeling towards him, that the Resident reported, in the words of the Cutch GoverDmenty that " there was do one of anj class or rank who would not, if sick, reckon upon his services at midnight.'*
Nearly of the same date is a Government letter to the Resident at Bhooj, passing a high eulogy on Brother Burnes's History of Cutch, which has since been published along with his Narrative, and may be found in a compressed form in the last edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
In October 1833, Brother Burnes was forced to quit Cutch, on sick certificate. In February following he embarked for Europe, taking the route of Malta, Sicily, Naples, Rome, Florence, Venice, Geneva, and Paris. While at home, amongst other honours conferred on him, he was created a Doctor of Laws by the University of Glasgow, and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, and of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. He was also presented at Court by his friend the late Earl of Dalhousie, and received the honour of the Gnelphic Knighthood from the Sovereign.
In Edinburgh, whilst making preparations for his departure for India, a public entertainment was given to him, Lord Ramsay (now Marquess of Dalhousie, and late Governor-General of India) in the chair, when he received the present of a magnificent silver vase, bearing, besides a Masonic inscription, an intimation that it was a token of " regard and esteem for him as a gentleman."
On the 24th December 1837, Brother Burnes returned to Bombay; and Sir James Carnac conferred on him, unsolicited, the first vacant medical staff appointment in his gift, namely, the Garrison Surgeoncy of Bombay. The following year his Masonic Brethren voted him " three massive silver pillars, surmounted by the emblems of Faith, Hope, and Charity, to mark, their * deep felt gratitude for his conduct to themselves, and their high sense of his brilliant efforts in the cause of charity ^ friendship, and love to all men,' "
In 1 840, Brother Burnes paid a visit to Calcutta, the exciting events of which will appear from the following paragraphs of Dr Grant's Memoir, published at that period : —
" The reception of the Provincial Grand Master of Bombay by his * Brethren of the mystic tie ' in Calcutta, has been worthy of him and of them ; and it was decided, with genuine hospitality and brotherly alacrity, to get up a round of Masonic banquets, to mark how welcome was his arrival among the fraternity in Bengal. It were difficult to say which of these entertainments was the most delightful, or at which the eloquence of the distinguished visitor shone with greater lustre.
" The two leading reasons of this popularity with the Craft are his perfect knowledge of the forms and institutes of Masonry, and the
aflbctiotiatc conlijiHty vriih wltich, m tho«c forma aod injatitutc^e, Lc ^m- bmcos the uifioif CmStf high a.»d low. It ia poaeiblr^ tW Brother Duruoa^s counerliou witli Mtthoury La« boou so promiufrntly brougbt f^rwari aa to giro tliose at a tJUtunce rrr>ni CftJcattji tlie notion tbnt M&fioury U tlie cliiof plume id hi« caji — the crcwt and chief quartering of his stiidd. Nothing cHii br* a griuitcr tnist^ike. Mtwonry Li only wa it were a tongue through which he^ in hours of kieuro ami n?hxivtioUr has become kno^ru ttnd cheriiheU by a ct^rtaiu do^, cmbrucii)^ m itaolf men of all nmks and gnuio8» Bnt h« ftpeakctU other languages— or, in other vronls, hU buai- DGAs honrs lie in otbor trucks, irhoro tlto philosophic ob§o rr or, tll6«t»ttat, an J tbo catni, looking- forward] politico-oeonomi^t, iu>w moot %lso what the Ma* on hails, a woU-inatnictciJ, hi^^hly t]U»lificd Brother of ^ Crafi**^
Brothor Bnrne§ relunicHl from Ciikutta early in 1^41, having boun reqncfitod by Sir Jamce Canmo, thon Governor of Bombay, to nndcrtiko the olHcc) of Socr^t^ry to tho McJiciil RoanL In that ycttr bo prosi^letl at the St Andrew 'a dinner. But ouring to the Cabool oi^tat^trophej in irhirb hia brothers lost their Uree^ hu r«m:iinod for aotue timo after- vrardn In retirement
Hin nv'xt prumiuoot appcsiranco was on tlie occasion of his laying thn Foundation-stone of the Jatnsf^jco Joejoobhoy Hoapitn) in Jamtary 1 H431, which ceremony crealetl & groat fionsation in India. On that oc<?as)on he delivered the following address : —
" Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebuoy, — Many and memorable have been the occasions on which the deeds of charitable and philanthropic men have been consecrated by the ancient rites and ceremonies of our Masonic Craft, but never have those ceremonies been employed to aid a purpose more congenial to the feelings of the upright Mason, or the true-hearted lover of his species, than the present. The splendid structure which you here propose to dedicate to the relief of your fellow-creatures, as well as the many other transcendent acts of benevolence that have chai-acterized your career, are, like our Masonic Institution itself, kindred and goodly fruits of the most generous emotion that can swell the bosom of man towards man, — the desire to succour his brother in distress, — and to give free scope to that ever-hallowed charity —
* Which droi>peth as the gentle rain from heaven, And blesseth him that gives, and him that takes.'
" It is with cordial sympathy, therefore, as well as with sincere pride and gratification, that the Masonic fraternity of Bombay have re- sponded to your summons, and borne their emblems to this spot to-day. And, when the Record of these proceedings shall be read within tho houses of our Order, dispersed throughout the civilized world, our Brethren also, of every tongue and nation, will rejoice that we have been aiding you in this good work ; and will j)articipate with us in ex- ultation, that by far the foremost man for deeds of true wisdom in this portion of the globe has also, in giving cfl'ect to munificent designs of
TUB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 309
love and charity, been tiio first of his tribe and country to solicit the countenance of our brotherhood.
" It has been usual to explain these ceremonies ; and in this, the (irst instance of their being practised at Bombay, it is essential that I should at least guard against their being misinterpreted. There is one portion of them which will awaken a sympathy in the bosom of every reflecting individual, even of this vast assemblage, — composed though it bo of men of all varieties of sects, customs, and habits of thought, — since no con- dition of society exists in which — at the season of doubt and anxiety, but especially at the commencement of a momentous undertaking, the plan of which he may conceive, but the execution of which depends on a far mightier than he, — man will not feel his absolute dependence on the Omnipotent Creator, and, by a natural instinct, turn to His Throne for support. But the impulse which prompts this appeal acquires intensity when the frail and transitory being comtemplates the erection of an enduring and stupendous structure which may rear its stately head for centuries after ho is mouldering in the dust, — and hence, from the remotest ages, and in almost all countries, the founda- tion-stone of important edifices has been deposited with an impressive solemnity, indicative of the founder's bumble trust and fervent prayer that the Great Architect of the Universe may prosper his work, and ever shower down his bounty and blessings upon it. As visible types of these blessings, it has also been usual, in accordance with a practice which needs no elucidation amongst a people long accustomed to shadow forth solemn truths by symbols and allegory, — to pour forth, with a^ spirit of hope and thankfulness, the abundant fruits of the earth on tho first corner stone, — in the corn of nourishment, the wine of refreshment, and the oil of joy. Such, then, is the simple origin of one portion of these ceremonies, which so far will be recognized as analogous to those performed by one of our most distinguished Parsee families in lading the foundation keels of some of those superb vessels which, of late years, have brought Great Britain and India into closer and dearer connexion.
The other part of the ceremony I have more ditiicolty in explaining, not that it is less clear to myself, but that there are certain landmarks which I must not transgress, and within the strict limits of which explanation may be embarrassing. But I do not despair to render it also intelligible, and your character and conduct, my worthy friend, afford me scope for doing so. You have seen me, then, apply certain implements of operative architecture to this stone, in accordance with the ancient and immemorial usage of our Order at the foundation of all stately and superb edifices. But you are too enlightened a man to sup- pose that the esfience of Free Masonry lies in a mere formality like this, or that those about me, and myself, have linked ourselves together in an indissoluble tie only to practise ceremonial or display. >^^o ! As tho corn, the wine, and the oil, were symbols of God s bounty and provi- dence, calling forth reverence and gratitude to the Creator, so also, even this stone and these implements are emblems conveying to the enlight- ened Mason pure and precious precepts of his duty to his neighbour. They are, in truth, tokens of a great and practical system of universal good- will and benevolence, — which, establishing moral worth as the standard, welcomes to its bosom the ffood of every colour, clime, or
400 TH* aiSTOBV OP FBEE JUAflOXAT. "
crcQfl l.hrtt nolctjowlrdj^es GocJ, — wliich binJs ytm, whoee n:im(3 aurl dcoda fill meri*ti uiuuthe, aa thoao of thp '^ b(.'iJtsv6lout Parsee of Bombay/' and, ^^N^o iiita^iaUi}, luyaclf, tbo cliUd i>f NorClioru Europe, &nd all vho are willii;^ to work witL us to * miti^ato U*o *um of h^miiiD woe,' into one vajat <*hftm of fmtrmity and lovc^ — wliich onfofcc^ the moet dcvaut revcninor to tb<j Supremo Anihit*'«V ^^^ tUe etritrteat couscicotioud duty to our «>tirtlily rolera ; but, at tbo t^mo time, peremptorily exctudce alJ diecu88>oiJ« on pointn of fnith^ aUitt^ politics, or other i:|ue3ttoii9 likely to oxcitr tbo iin^ry p3.Miotj« of iun.n n^it]*t mati, — and wbicb, in fibart^ U fouudod on the glorious [jriurtp!*?^ timt
* Ood huth mudo nflAnkJDd one mighty brolborhoo^, Dimaclf tbeir Moatcr, and the World their Lodge/
" Many of ibo^o eminent individualdj vboae nnniesaro dearest to Tndia^ bavo beiMJ pn>ft*o«or? und promoters of this vo^t tsyeteai. In tbo Right Worshipful Brother by py^ido, you vnll rocojc^nize one from whom crco yon havo obtained eucouragemtot ; uiid who baa, with zeal and fervetjoy, devoted Ida )l^^^ a? a muD, and bis ]>owcr as m govetnur, to the dti^ fin?uii nation of uhiirity and enli^btenmetit amonjfHt your countrymen. The late Marrjuitt of Hastings, certuinly irjfenor to none of the illii^trioud men that Eun^po baa lent to Asia, was a stately pillar of our Cmft \ find there i» a valued and elevated Brother prci^ent, wbo could testify bow (Jeoply \i6 priaciplee influeneed the eondutit of that diatinguisbed aoldief and «tate^man. The pre^nt ruler of Imlia shewed hits ro^cet for \if by demanding, ^o late as 183^, that a logiafativeeuf^ctmeiit should t>e so expressed as not to reflect upon \\m Members. We have lately Bcvn the goverrmient of a si- tor Pr^i^idt'Ticy triLTii^fLTrcd fmm olio noble Brother to another, and if we cannot include amongst us the distin- guished officer who presides at Bombay, we have the satisfaction of seeing his son amongst our Office-bearers.
*' Through the mercy of Providence, from the earliest period, the system 1 have described has been in operation, assuaging tbo horrors of strife, and encouraging the spread of civilization ; and while your remote fore- fathers were bowing with adoration to the glorious orb of day, the visi- ble source of light, heat, and productiveness, our ancient Brethren, if they were not identical with them, were also, by the symbols of the sun, the moon, and the starry firmament, inculcating the mighty truths of God's power, omnipresence, and divinity, and of man's responsibility, hope, and final destiny, — thereby evincing their sympathy and connec- tion with those
* Who morn and eve
Hail their Creator's dwollini^-place.
Among the lights of Heaven.*
*' 1 have said that your life and character aflx)rd scope for illustrating our system ; and I now turn to my Masonic Brethren, and present you to them as a Brother who has practically attained the summit of the Masonic structure, which is Charity. Never forgetting that you com- menced, and must end upon the level, — following the plumb-line of rectitude, — acting on the square with your fellow-men, — circumscribing your own wants within compass, but extending your benevolence to a circle which, if it depended upon you, would evidently embrace all
THE HISTORY OF FREE MAfiONRT. 401
mankind — we need not wonder that yon have attained the highest elevation of moral worth, — that the love of your family, the respect of your fellow-citizens, the applause of men, and rewards from your Sovereign, have flowed in upon you ; and that, ahove all, you enjoy the serenity of mind arising from the inexpressible delight of having sac- oonred the distressed,
* Which nothing earthly gives or can destroy.'
'' And although, my friend, it has not fallen to us, who are after all but ' nature's journeymen,' to initiate you into our mysteries, we cannot doubt, after the splendid deeds of love which you have achieved, that you are a wise master builder,^ — a living stone, square, polished, i^hioned, and proved by the hand of the Great Master himself, — that your patent is from the Grand Chancery on high, — and that you need neither sign nor token, warrant nor diploma, pass-word nor grip, to ensure you a welcome to the heart of every honest Mason.
" May you. Sir Jamsetjee, like the foundation we have laid, long be stable and secure, — may you for years be spared as the corner-stone of charity, the prop and support of the widow and the fatherless, — may your good deeds form a constant source of enjoyment to yourself while you remain amongst men ; and when the time does come that overtakes us all, and the solemn Tyler Death must raise the curtain of a new existence, may it be to usher you in as an accepted and exalted com- panion to the Supreme Chapter on high, there to take your place nnder the all-seeing eye of Him who seeth not as man seeth, but who will un- doubtedly pay the workman his wages according to his work ! "
In December 1844 he established the Lodge *' Rising Star," for the admission of natives, and a beautiful medal, cut by Wyon, was struck by them in consequence. In July 1846 he was promoted to be Superintend- ing Surgeon, and a service of plate was voted him by his brother officers.
In February 1847 Brother Bumes was transferred to the Poena Divi- sion, where he remained until his promotion to the Medical Board in Sep- tember 1848. Shortly after his arrival at Bombay he was appointed a Member of the Board of Education, and the interest he took in its busi- ness is best shown by his Addresses at the Grant College ; by his sue* cessful efforts for the student apprentices ; and by the Board having, on his departure, recorded " its deep regret at the loss of his valuable services, particularly in the department of Native Medical Education, to which he has devoted so much attention, and wherein his rare talents and extensive experience have enabled him to act with such marked efficiency;" — a regret in which the Government expressed its entire participation. The Medical Board also intimated to Government, on the 15th November 1849, their deep regret that ill health was about to deprive the Medical Service of an officer who had been " so long its pride and ornament, and of whose honourable career and eminent merits the Public Records bore such ample testimony."
LoJ^^ Bubeicribed for
'^^^^^^lAfl rvw^irii of emifi^ucc iird
p^^^^t^'-"*^'" Byculla Schools, an<J th«
J'^^^^'^i^^ Utter of wbicU he, tu tlic lii^hc>
*Zy'^Z^, totdt an Mpeoial lalofrst; &n4 tho
^ '^•"j^troWi where lie himeelf was eiQciUcih
^^'^^^****'^ ia ord^t to mark »till ftitther tlioJr li^h
^^ ^ ^^j^v'<^ of tbif aciMnnplUbed an^L gil\e4 Maeoo,
•^J^^J^^^^lrim in M«*oni<i OrUcr frf*iii the Town Hall to
^^'Zh/^ ^ |l* P**^ ^^ eraWrkatUin ; wuA fiiat all MoTiihera of
i^'^^^^r^YT Di^iJPMf Lotl^^^e, or N&tiotj, ho iovitctl to ntt«n*i/'
^oiilflff J#dineii the Festival and Procoi»Mioi], but bia oniUtrkft^
'^i^**^Sl#*^**^ '" " *^^^ OvcrrJftTnl Timea ** of I (Jth DiMsemher, piih^
^ i# '^^A;i t/Jf**^^** ' — '* l'* Burnc3 waa aocompanietj by troops of
1^^ '^ftJwirerB, auJ ncariy every Miwoo on the i«bnd. A nnmber
i^'r^ ^^ft fri caiTtageR^ liml tt took bim no ebort titne to poaa to oacU
.^j] aJioa. iSir Wiiiou^jhby Cottoiij aiut ail tljc leaitiog- meu of
t ciJ-^n^^y' were prejscTil ; ami the regret at t bo parting about to t;iko
*^* hftfl^iit tho CotmnttrnIer-in-Cbief and Dr Burncs soerjierl to bo
/^(.qu.iNy by both. Dr Bwrues apjicaro^l, by the time be reached the
, ^j tv^icl^ awaited bini, to have been completely overcomtj with itjid
1^1 (iroijf fr^mi hi^ fricDiU cf the siDConty of their attacbinent to him.
^[1 ^rotting oil board his boat be turned round aod took a liiiai farewell
pf ft large Tiumber of the Masonic Craft who atteaded bim to the water's
Partk-ipating in tbe geoeral feelitig, the Government abo iasued a Oenoral Order to t[ie Army, calling; attention U> '* tbe etuinent tneritaof Dr DuriicM, whtj, during bia stTvieoof 28 years?^ has ever been eonspicuouii for tbe zoul and aliility with which be has aciiuitt..^J hiuiiielf; " and poioting out ibitt " tfie Hecorda ("bow bis servjees to have exteaded be- yonJ tho litio of bia uva prufesi^loti j anJ tbatj on thc^ ucea^luus like- wise, be ha« always evinced tho eanio coaspicuouft ability, energy of character, muA ze:iluut* duvotitJii to tho public iuterests, wbieh have dis- tinguished him throughout his meritorious career in the Medical Department, from the head of which he is now retiring with honor."
His successor iu the Provincial Grand Mastership of '* The Western Provinces of India " only, was his friend Philip William Le Geyt, Esq., who had been for a number of years Depute Provincial Master, and iu accepting whose resignation in 1853, the Grand Lodge " as an acknow- ledgment of his past services, and in order to mark their confidence in his judgment, unanimously agreed, upon his recommendation, to appoint Brother Henry Durance Cartwright to the government of that Province."
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 403
JAMAICA PROVINCE. — Erected 1771.
Provincial Grand Master. — Colin Campbell, Esquire, Kingston ;
Appointed 4th August 1851.
Yeftr of No. Name of Lodge. o^uSJ^Sr
Charter. 344 Elgin, Jamaica, ...... 1844
346 Glcnlyon, Jamaica, ...... 1845
357 St John, Greytown, Mosquito, (Precedence from Feb. 4, 1850,) 1851
359 Union, Black River, Jamaica, .... 1851
367 Atholo Union, Falmouth, Jamaica, .... 1853
369 St Andrew Kilwinning, St Andrew, Jamaica, . . 1855
The year 1771 is assigned above as the period of erection of this Province, that being the date when it is first mentioned in the Minutes, but from what is there stated, there can be no doubt but that it was insti- tuted at an earlier period, though there is no trace of its previous history until May 30, 1771, nor are the names of its Provincial Grand Masters recorded until 7th August 1843, on which occasion William Pollard Burton, Rector of St Thomas-in-the-Vale, was appointed to that honour. On 8th May 1848 he was succeeded by Dr James M'Fadyen of King- ston, at whose decease the present Provincial Grand Master, then a Magistrate and Alderman of Kingston, was appointed to the vacancy on the recommendation of the Brethren of the district.
BERMUDAS PROVINCE. — Erected 1803.
Provincial Grand Master, — Joseph Stuart Hunter, Esquire, M.D. ;
Appointed 5th May 1845.
Year of «, -kT * T J InBtitutlon
No. Namo of Lodge. or Di^tc of
Charter. 200 St George, Bermuda, ..... 1797
The Bermudas Isles Province was erected on 16th November 1803, its Provincial Grand Master being John M'Lauchlau, Esquire, who was succeeded by Dr Hunter of St George's, on the above date.
BAHAMA ISLANDS PROVINCE. — Erected 1842.
Provincial Grand Master. — H. S. M*Cartney, Esquire ;
Appointed 3d August 1857.
Year of
No. Naxno of Lodge. op Date of
Charter. 231 Union, Nassau, New Providence, .... 1809
37:2 St John, Matthewtown, Inag6a, .... 1856
404
TBM nmomr
ONRT.
Joho Frftndfl Cook«, Evqnird, wu %pi>oiDte4 Provincial GraDil Master on 7th Nuvrmbor 1842, atid rc^i^cit upon the 4tL Xovember 1850, Wng itti<>cev^eU l>y tbi» HouQumLtc^ Jamt^Ji Jiirrctt, Member of tbe Hoaae of AMMnbly, to wboni llie GranJ Lodge, un hia re&i^atton la 1854, ftwafUod a conJial vot« of thuDk^for his jia^taUe §cmco« in tlio causi^of M(i*onry in thi« IVorinee. The present Proriucial Grind Mastw, who for fK>tu9 time pro not! A Lad been acting pro (fm., wzii appoiuteJ^ aX the rcqncNt of the BrcUireu, iq Angiut 165T| witb the ufiuaJ power&
WEST IXPIA TSLAN1>9 PEOVINCK.— £'l¥<;(frf 1709.
Proviiiciul Grand Master — The Hououmblo William Stei'IIEwso^,
GreDo^la ;
Appointed 13th Norfimb«r 1S37*
ftSl UttJiftd Broihors>Tnaiaa4,
3S6 Moant of Olivean St ChrUtoph«r, *
940 fc^cotia^ fUrb^duffv, ....
368 Ks^iern Stftr, Port of Spaiu, Trundjd,
VctATDf
i&i3'
1881 1636 1644
1654
This Province was at first known as that of the Leeward Carribee Islands, its Provincial Grand Master being James George Verchild, Esquire, of Lodge St Luke, Edinburgh. On Gth November 178C, Alex- ander Frascr, designed Provincial Grand Master, St Kitts, succeeded, in the room of Brother Verchild, deceased. Brother Fraser having died, James Stevens, Esquire, was appointed on Gth August 1792, as Pro- vincial Grand Master of the Leeward Carribee Islands ; the Commisaion however of his successor, Dr Stephenson, on the above-mentioned date, states that he is ' to be Provincial Grand Master of the Province comjyrt'hendinj the Carribean Islands."
. »,..»w.. f iT>^T ) CANADA, AVEST OR UPPER. — Erected 1853.
\ ) CAN
No.
CANADA, EAST OR LOWER. — Erected 18.53 Provincial Grand Masterships. — Both Vacant
Name of Lodge.
Year of
Institution
or date of
Charter.
348 Elgin, Montreal, ...... 1847
356 St Andrew, Quebec, (Precedence from 5th Nov. 1849,) 1851
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 405
Ou 14th November 1757 it was " Ordered tbat a Commission be made out and passed under tbe seal of the Grand Lodge, constituting and appointing tbe Right Worshipful Colonel John Young, Provincial Grand Master over all tbe Lodges in America holding of the Grand Lodge." In 1768 James Grant, Esquire, Governor of the Province of East Florida, was appointed Provincial Grand Master of North America, Southern District, and in 1769 Joseph Waren, Physician, was appointed Provin- cial Grand Master of the " Lodges in Boston." On 5th May 1834, James Law, Esquire, W.S., was constituted Provincial Grand Master " over all the Lodges in North America holding Charters under the Grand Lodge of Scotland." He was succeeded on Ist August 1842 by Sir Allan Napier Macnab, appointed Provincial Grand Master of Canada. On 1st August 1853 the Province was divided into two, viz., " Canada, West or Upper," and " Canada, East or Lower," Sir Allan retaining the Provincial Grand Mastership of the former, which he resigned in 1857; whilst Thomas Douglas Harrington, Esquire, Quebec, was appointed on the said 1st of August 1853, to the latter, which he resigned in 1858. To neither have successors been as yet appointed.
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA, NEW BRUNSWICK, AND PRINCE EDWARD
ISLAND. — Erected 1843.
Provincial Grand Master^ — The Honourable Alexander Keith, Halifax,
Nova Scotia ;
Appointed 6th November 1848.
Year of Institution No. Name of Lodge. or Date of
345 Acadia, Dartmouth, N. S., 352 Bums, Halifax, N. S., . 361 Athole, Halifax, N. S., .
364 St Andrew, FrederictoD, New Brunswick,
365 Keith, Halifax, N. S., . 376 8t Andrew, Richibnetoo, New Brunswick, 379 Royal Albert Lodge, North Sydney, Cape Breton, . 1858 383 Victoria, Charlotte Town, Prince Edward Island, 1858
Charter. 1845 1848 1852 1852 1853 1857
The first Provincial Grand Master of this important Province was the Honourable John Leander Starr, appointed 6th November 1843 ; on his removing to New York he was succeeded by the present Provincial Grand Master.
The Hundredth Anniversary of the establishment of Free Masonry in Halifax was celebrated with great eclat on 19th July 1850, the Pro- vincial Grand Master presiding.
400 Tjm inrroiiv op tubb UAmnnr.
FAOVIXCK OP GOAVAVA TX TEKSZUBLA. ^
Protinciml Grand Majftcr, — Se&or I'^i-ohentino Oeillbt, CJadftd Bolivar, (An^wtiim ;)
Appoioled firh &!ay ISTiO.
308 Ettitem Sur, CbtombU^ An^toatum, . . l»Z4
When first crojite*d i\\U wiw tclyleit thr Prorinco of Cnlombia, if*o Provincial Cjrinil Ma»U^r tli^rtof bviftg Don J 036 Gnlmel Nunri^ thw daU* of wlioao ilpJ>^>Tntn}c^t however ia not rociinltNl in tho Mmiitoe of t})G (imnd Lo«ige; Ilrotbcr Nuuez having retiflf^'nt^Jr the prt^^ont Pn^vin- ciai Gmn4 Ma*tct wiu apj>ointed hia fluco^j?«or. On yJ KoUriiary 18jI tho [Ic^igniitioQ of the Provittce 'waa cb^ngod from Cototuhia to tb&L Ly which kt xs at present known*
PEOVIWCE OF AUSTRALIA FKLTX OR VrCTOHIA.^
ProviiuMi Qraud MttMrr*. — The IIononraMe William Clabk HAnrtt; Apjjohted IM Mav 1856.
366 United Tradesmen, Geelong, Victoria, . . . 1853
3S8 Lodge of Juduli, Melbourne, Victoria, . . . 1858
The first Provincial Grand Master of this Province was the Honourable James Erskino Murray, the date of whoso appointment however is not minuted. He was succeeded at his deatli by James Hunter Ross, Esquire, W.S., of Melbourne, appointed as Provincial Grand Master of " the Pro- vince of Port Philip." On his resignation in 18.58, the Honourable William Clark Haines was ni)pointed, on the above-mentioned date, Pro- vincial Grand Master of tho Province of " Australia Felix or Victoria."
PROVINCE OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA, ADELAIDE. — ErCCtcd 1846.
ProvinrAal Grand jVasOr. — Allan MACFAULANof Glensloy, Adelaide ;
Appointed 2d November 1846.
Year of . , , Institution
No. Name of Lodge. or liate of
Charter.
341 Adelaide, South Australia, .... 1844
Brother Macfarlan was appointed on the above date, on Petition from the Brethren in Adelaide.
^ The year of Erection not minuted.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY.
407
No.
Nnroo of Lodge.
PROVINCE OF NEW SOUTH WALES. — Erected 1855.
Provincial Grand }f aster. — Rohert Campbell, Esq., MerchaDt, Sydney ;
Appointed 5tli February 1855.
Year of
Institution
or Date of
Charter.
1851 1858 1858 1858 1858 185S 1858
The following incident in tbe history of the Lodge St Andrew, No. 358, well merits a place here : — In 1857 Brother M*Crone, originally a member of tbe Lodge Journeymen, Edinburgh, died in Sydney, leaving a wife and a large family in poor circumstances, the Brethren of the St Andrew's Lodge not only paid the passage-money of his widow and children to Scotland, but transmitted tbe sum of £20 : 1 9s. to the Grand Secretary, to be obtained by her on arrival in Edinburgh, and which was received by her on 8th March 1858 with heartfelt thanks, and the fervent prayer that He who is the Husband of the widow and the Father of the fatherless, would shower down His choicest blessings upon the generous Brethren of tbe Lodge St Andrew, Sydney.
358 St Andrew, Sydney, ....
377 Newtown Kilwinning, Sydney,
378 Sydney Tarbolton, Sydney,
381 Harmony, West Maitland, New South Wales,
382 * Port Macqnarrie, New South Wales, 386 WooUooinooloo, New South Wales, .
3S7 Star of the South, Deniliquin, New South Wales,
MILITARY LODGES. — Not Stationary,
No.
Name of Lodge.
328 George William, 94th Regiment, (Doi'ffiatif,) .
373 Star-in tbe-lOast, Turkish Contingent, Kertch, {DormaiU,)
Year of iDBtltution or Date of
Charter.
1830 185G
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING.
Orig." No.
66 Duke of Norfolk's 63 Welsh FusilicrH 73 White's 32d KcKimcnt 97 Mooker 8t John, 17th Regiment
100 Fort-Ueorge. 31st Regiment
101 King (Jeorgc 111, 5Gth Regiment 1U0 Duke of York
108 Kt George, 31st Regiment
121 Union, General Marjoribanks* Regiment
laS Moriah. "HA Regtment
137 Royal Welsh Fusiliers
147 United, 4th Regiment
Orig.
No.
ISA St Patrick Royal Arch , 43d Reffimen t l.'>H-2 St Andrew Royal Arch, Scots Greys 108 Unity, 17th Regiment 1S8 Queen's 7th Dragoons 211-00 Union Royal Arch, 3d Regiment, I iragnons
258 27.S 2fi» 310 311 820
St John^Military, Argyle Aboyne, North Britirii Militia Rov^ Tliistle. Ist Regiment St Andrewr, 42d Regiment Fifcshire Militia St Cuthbert, Durham Militia
^ Although the Office-bearers were named in the application, at the date of granting the Charter the name of the Lodge had not been definitely fixed upon.
406
T0£ maroKT op free mawxry.
Ttio Loilge Goor^ WiUmin, 94ih Ftegtmeat, sguI iU CLa.rti;r for pre> eervntlon iu tbe airhivcN of tlie Grand Lodge, before embarking for active fiervjcfl in tbo Crirn*^ Id IHJS* Tbe Star-iu-tho-Eastj Turk lab Contingcot, was iosti luted at Kertcb daring tbo Crimeaii War; tU Clmrtrisr, hooks, ^c, ftro aUo id the posAewion of tbe Grand Lodge,
Nrw ZEJiUkurt^-^On 3d NDvembvi- 1S40 a CommUsiou waa granted to Pbiliji Cumiiio Lloyd to institute Lodges in tbU qua^rter of tbe globe, and report tho eanio within twelve fuontba to tbe Gmod Lod^o, in order tbat Ubarterw mijj;bt be i^ncd for tbe same, Aa yet, however, nono have been reported.
Altbougb DO Commidiiions are now in^tif^d to tbo undemoted place^ it IB refjiiisite, oa well on account of the appomtmont^ appearing in the Minutea a« for tbo completion of tbU Chapter, that tbey obonld bo rtjcordod here.
Part^ of Europe and A%ia bordering on the MediUrratiean Sea. — On 3Utb November 1747 a Provincial Commi^ion was iaaned in favour of Alextiuder Prnmmond, giving biin powers to conatituto and auperintend tbe Lodge* in the territories speetfiod, — Vide utipra^ page 107*
France. — On 10th November 1788, M. Louis Clavel, Right Worship- ful Master of the Lodge " L'Ardente Amitie," at Rouen, was appointed Provincial Grand Master over the Lodges in France holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
Andalusia f — Spain. — On 3d August 1807 James Gordon, Esquire, was appointed Provincial Grand Master over all the Lodges holding of tho Grand Lodge of Scotland, east of Balbos, in Andalusia.
LODGES FORMERLY EXISTING FURTH OF SCOTLAND.
Orlj?.
No.
81 St Andrew, Boston
82 Blandfonl, Virginia
98 Union, Charleston, South Carolina 102 8t Andrew, Scots Lodge, Jamaica 117 St John, Norfolk, Virginia 143 Grant's, East Florida 151 St Andrew, St Christopher 100 La Parfaitc Union de Namur 177 St John, Philadelphia 199 St Magnus, Gottonburg 2<)7 Imperial Scots Greys, St Petersburg 216 Union, Carlisle
Grig. No.
217 Union, St Christopher 223 St John, Pythagoric, Antigua 236 La Duce Hannonle
227 LArdonte Amltie
228 Faithful Friends, rOricnt de Marseilles 274 Oningo, Ceylon
273 Turk's Island
27(5 Desired Re- Union (Spain)
338 Royal. Isle of Man
349 St Andrew, Scots Lodge, Quebec
333 Kilwinning-in-the-East, Calcutta
393 Thistle, Ualifax, Nova Scotia
THB HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 409
CHAPTER XVII.
MARK MASONRY CHAIR OR PAST MASTER — AND DEGREES OF ARK
MARINER AND ROYAL ARCH.
MARK MASONRY.
Freemasonry is defined as a Science based upon Astronomy, Mathe- matics, and Geometry, divided into tho two branches of Practical and Speculative Masonry — the former comprising a knowledge of the liberal Arts and Sciences, and their application to Architecture and Building, —the latter being a system of Morality veiled in Allegory, and illus- trated by the symbols of the former. The entire. order of Craft Masonry is comprised in the three degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellow-craft, and Master Mason, commonly known as St John's Masonry.
Mark Masonry is a modern designation of the First Division of the Order, which, from the prevalence of Speculative Masonry, is now chiefly retained in the Ancient Lodges that have preserved their operative character, and is communicated principally as a section of the Second or Fellow-craft Degree, to the class of Fellow- crafts known as Fore- men, Overseers, or the superior order of Fellow-crafts, designated Menatzchim, in the following classification of the workmen engaged at the building of Solomon's Temple, who, according to the tradition of the Craft, " caused all the Craftsmen, as well natives as foreigners, to be numbered and classed as follows, viz. : —
1. Harodim, Princes, Rulers, or Provosts, in number 300
2. Menatzchim, Overseers and Comforters of the People in
working, that were expert Master Masons 3,300
3. Ghiblim, Stone-Sqnarers, Polishers, and Sculptors ; and
IsucHOTZEB, Men of Hewing ; and Benai, Setters, Lay- ers, or Builders, being able and ingenious Fellow-crafts... 80,000
4. The levy out of Israel, appointed to work in Lebanon one
month in three, 10,000 every month, under the direction
of noble Adoniram, who was the Junior Grand Warden, 30,000
All the Free-Masons employed in the work of the temple, ex- clusive of the two Grand Wardens, were 11 3,600
27
TBB BiaroUT OF Pn£E HASOXBV.
** Deul^ee tlio IsL-Stibbttl, or mou of burthen, tho r^ni&iiis of the OM Cannon) IcA^ nmonulin^' Ui 70,000^ wLo am not nntnWiviJ amon^ Msk^vTi^*
*^ Sohtuttu |>^jrlIUi>riotl iLo Fclfow-crafta Jut^i (^ertnin Lodgco, with a Mjistt*r ut)<l Warilens in t^cb, ti*iit thoy iiiight receku comtuiintis iti a texuUr uiaun^r, nught tnkc rJ*ro «f their tooli and jowrls, liu rcjij^jJaiHy paiil every wt-tk, und duly fed nnU tlotherl, itc. ; nw\ the FeUow-crafU took cB-m of tlicir aumjcaaiuu by tiiucatiug ciit<^rcil Appn cticoa/'* The snTii<v nmLTigvnttfut ftppcatH to hi^ve loon pmctitfod by tl^r II ni Mere oftbo MiddU? Agc^tf; and exiet«. with eomo moiliriciition^f umopgjst tlic Opcra- ttrcf Miii^au^ t>f tho preflcnt dny.
Thu Approntic(?3 wrrc dtvtdod into fltnall Conipacios or Lod^^j which weto pTO»bl*Td ftvcr »nd in^iruclcfl hy tbo Fellow-craft* or Jourri<*ytn«n | who w^T^) tilao di%Mcd io A blujllitr mdunrr, prniidcd over aoi JDAtract^ by tbo FoivuiLm or Overbter* ; and th<!*JO ugjiiii by lh<3 Maxtor Mssoti. Tho dnty of ihu Mud Lor Ma*oii waft to |>rL'puro dosi^tf and plati«^ or rtshicro Bucb uu mi;^'ht fio 4ubmittcd to him by hU employers in a prac- tical form, und iji«truct his Foremen or Ovctvooni in the manner tu whirh ho rof^uiroil thr^ni tti be c^irriod out ; ho wjia likewifto rirflponsiblo for tho worh executed by the wurkmeo e-njployod iit:dcr bi^n, iind ft>r eiifomng the lawa of iho Fmteraityv The ^Vanl4^U4 aatiixied hini in tho duttes uf tfuprrmlcndrncCp one acting na tim^kcoper^ anothor ws irfrosnror nnd payniJister.
The duty of the Foreman, or, as lie is occasionally designated, the Mark Overseer, was to direct and instruct the Fellow-crafts or Markmeii in the <letails of the work upon which they were engaged, and see that it was conipletcil acconling to the plan furnished.
Tho Fell(»w ciafts were responsible for the instruction and work produced under their direction by the Apprentices, who were allowed to choose such of tlicni for intructors as thoy might prefer.
To admit of tho duties of the several classes of workmen being pro- perly carried out, and prevent the work of one being passed off for that of another, a series of marks or signatures were arranged to be aHixed to the work of each. These were of three kinds, viz. — irregular or blind marks, used by the Apprentices ; regular marks, used by the Fellow- crafts or Markmen ; and otlicial marks and numbers, used by the Fore- men or Mark Masters. These marks were originally cut on the external face of the stones, but are now, when used, placed on the beds, and do not therefore require to be so neatly cut as formerly.
As the Fellow-craft was responsible for the work of tho Apprentices under his care, his mark was frequently placed along with that of the
* Auld's History of Masonry, 3d Edition. Edinburgh, 1772.
TH£ HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 411
Apprentice on tbe same stone, and bis own individual mark only on the work performed by him, which enabled tbe Foreman or Overseer to know by wbom any part of the work was done, and in what quantity ; and if an error was committed, wbo should bo called to account for it. The official marks were used by the Overseer to satisfy the Master Mason that tbe work bad been examined ; but this appears to have been little used, as tbe Foreman or Overseer was readily known by the marks of the workmen under his care.
These marks required to be distinguished according to certain rules, and none wore allowed to be changed after being adopted and enrolled in the books of tbe Lodge; if two happened to be alike, the junior mark had a distinction added, which was removed when either of the parties left the Lodge. No pajrments of wages could bo made without the mark of the party entitled to receive them being presented, and it was occasionally given as a pledge for a debt ; but was only available within a limited amount. The marks were also hereditary, and descended to the youngest son of the family, as he was understood to undertake the support of his father in his declining years.
The use of these marks is of great antiquity ; some travellers inform us that they have observed them on ruined buildings in Uerculaneum, Egypt, Greece, and on the banks of the Zab, a tributi^ry of the Tigris, also on the ancient buildings of India, France, and Germany. In Scot- land they are almost universal on tbe old buildings of every kind, although in many instances few are to be found on the oldest buildings on account of the surface of the stone being destroyed by the action of the weather.
The forms commonly embraced some religious symbol, working implement, or scientific figure, as the one annexed^ \ from Roslin Chapel, which refers to the following anec-
dote, occasionally told to the apprentice in illustration of A the use of Geometry : — " In the early ages, when large tracts of the land of Egypt were divided into square allot- ments, having small channels for irrigation formed through each, the Nile, at its periodical risings frequently obliterat- ed the landmarks showing the respective boundaries, — on one of these occasions two owners disputed possession of a lot, when a reed floated down the small channel and stuck fast across the stream in the direction of two of the landmarks, A A, which suggested to their minds to search in the line indicated, when they discovered the two land- marks, from which they measured upwards and downwards at right angles, and found other two, defining their proper boundaries, which ended the dispute."
T
Tbo points of t)i<> MVfvral fomiA vrere aI^ ucictl to iD^lJoat^ » kind of Mcrot Inn^agf", rtjirulatcJ by CL*natn ru!<*8» wberely iD«tructWn w»a {mpiirt<;d in a |>opii]ar manlier, and i* kno^ii ^niongHt AlAPoiiie aa '* Ri'iuliu); Uie Mark*,*" of wliicb the following U no iJloatniHna ] —
Ho* many pubu has ytiur Mark g^t 1
To wlml do tljoy allude T
To tho thrr^P pointu of »n cqwlatcjral tnan^le.
P1oft4o Jctiiion«tmtii it ajf an Opvruttvja Matum t
A paint htui pokttionr wttboul Icu^tli^ LreaJlL, or thiokneet^ — % 1in« Las Ieii|^ witUnnl brwitli or tliickniMs, ami t^rminftliN) \u two puint« y juul ihrte Vxu^9 of otjuat len^'tli, phcod at ^nal ivnglea to oncit other» fonit an cjitiUtoni] trJao<;le^ — vrhich ia the prlin.iry Hgiire in (jcomotry,
ricQLsa to expliLin tliis f){;aro «« a Spccnlativo Mx«on f
Thft ftjmla.lcriu) tmn^'lQ ropreKnt* tho Tnnity tn Unity. Thn fireat Airbiiuct of tbe L/niruriie httving^ no muLeruil furni^ oxieU, iJ^rvstUinj; all «pac4) ; tbe Creator of all tbiii;^^, Governor ttf all animate aod inani- mate natnre, tbo Konntnm of VVisciom ; \Vbo«o grnatnew, p^rfc^tion, and glory j«i introuiprcbcnoibUf And Wbo«o lonng-kindnoss und tender mercies are over aU Hia oib<!r works. ^- :
The Fraternity aj)pears to have been always presided over by men of eminence, and much care observed in training its Members. In the earlier times it was neccs«.sary that they should possess a know- ledt^e of Astronomy, Mathematics, and Geometry ; but chiefly Geometry, which was hcM to embrace the other two ; the requirement even extend- ed to what is styled in ti»e Ritual the seven Liberal Sciences, viz. — Grammar, Rhetoric, Loi^ic, Arithmetic, Geometry, Music, and Astrono- my. The Apprentice was re(|uired to serve a term of seven years, and afterwanls luxlcrgo an examination by the Fellow-crafts ; and if found deficient, was rejected from time to time, until he could satisfy his examiners. The Fellow -crafts were also examined by the Masters, and required to satisfy them as to their knowledge and experience before being raised to the Master's Degree.
In the event of any Craftsman being charged with an oflence, a Lodge was held to investigate the matter ; if the party was found guilty, puui^h- ment was inflicted, with great solemnity, according to the Rules of the Craft, by the Junior Warden, in presence of the assembled Brethren, who stood uncovered, forming a hollow square around a Mjison's seige, previously erected in the centre. The delinquent was led out by the Master and Wardeus, wlien the scuteiicc of the Lodge was read by the
THE HISTORY OF FREE MA80NRY. 413
Master, and the culprit laid on his face on the seige. The Junior Warden then, with two hand-rules and a hewing chisel between, proceeded to inflict the nuniler of strokes awarded as the punishment, keeping time to a rhyme repeated by the Master. Two cases of this kind occurre<l in Kdinbur«ih about the beginning of the present century.
The form of Initiation and legend of the Mark Overseer is of an Eastern character, referring to the preparation of the materials for build- ing Solomons Temple at Jerusalem, and navigating the rafts on which they were conveyed along the coast of the Great {Le, Mediterranean) Sea, guided by a light-house situated on one of the peaks of Mount Lebanon. The speculative lecture inculcates a constant practice of the principles of morality in every position of life, beautifully illustrated by the operations of the Mason, under the guidance of scientific rules fashioning with persevering industry the rude block into the perfect form, having it approved and marked for its place in the intended building ; and applying the illustration both to the upbuilding of the individual mind as well as to the moral fabric of society, and pointing to the hope that all may become living stones of God's own Temple. Such a system of scientific and moral discipline was evidently well adapted to the circumstances of the Craftsman, whose avocations required him frequently to wander to great distances in search of employment, and, whilst residing amongst strangers, enabled him to teach by his example, and to live in concord and good fellowship amongst the Members of the Craft with whom his labours were associated.
The Operative Masons of the present day throughout Scotland still use the marks ; in building the Monument in Edinburgh to the memory of Sir Walter Scott, they were used with great success, under the direction of Mr John Raker, the intelligent foreman. As many of the compartments (»f the design were alike, it was found necessary, in order to prevent confusion an<l exercise a close superintendence over the workmen, that each stone should be numbered an<l marked on its bed. The respective sides of the Monument were therefore indicated by the letters A, B, C, D, the places of the stones by numbers, and the work- men by their marks, which were also cat upon their working tools, so that at any time the position of a stone in the Monument, and the name of the party who prepared it, could be ascertained. Marks similar to those in use amongst the operative Masons in Scotland are also current among many of their fellow-workmen in England and Ireland.
In many of the old Lodges holding from the Grand Lodge of Scotland, instruction in the ancient system of Free Masonry is still practised, and
4U TQS nrarofiT of pr£e masokay. ^M
the mftrkt of ih^ Crafumi^o etij^Llod Iti tho buokd of iha Lodge, as in the Loil^ of Gi&s^ow )^i Jitbn ; St Niaian, Drocbm ; Juurottymen Mu«oD«j Efliittkur^^tj, Jtc. In tbo oM roconJ§ r>f many of the L^^di^es tbo mtuk^ are carefully niconlH, with the d^tc-a at wtiioh they wore given* hi ihv Ltjiigc of Kdltiburgh, Mary'« Chapot, tho name^ of the Fdlow-cniftd tirr pmoUicully cnt«r«tl in tbe MinuleH tks hdrving paid tli«ir iluoii a«d taken tbc*ir mt^kt.
Tbe iiietb4>d Ailopt<^d in wttiog out tb^ OtidQlaiioik ^f clmrcbe^i) pr^ riona to commoncin^ building opemtionsi biif 1>o«q pnsenoil in «<mie of tbi) Scotcb Ltnlge^, itnd in tbnfi expbimc4 >--Tbo sit« of tbc aIult was decided iij>r>n by tho ft^rtics for whom tho rburob was to bo erectejf miukcd by a polo iixcd w ibo ground, nnJ n day npi^ointiMl wben pro> coeditigM wcr« to be eomaiouecHJ. On tbt^ eveoing^ previous, tbo Piittons, EodaskastlcSr and MasoijjH ajaht^mbled, and ^peiit tho tii^'bt In dorotioaal oVff^^iseB ; one huflnj^ [^iaced to watcb the nt^ing of the itnn, ^vo notice whi^n Ijtii myw appeiired nWvo the horizon- Wben fully in view, tbo Mtt«t«r Mo^on urnt nut a man with a rod^ which be ranjL^ed in line between tb« a^t^r and tbe «unr and thus fixed Lbo' lino of orientation ^\^oTd*fWortli ba» mado tbt4 Interctftlng wremony the Bubject of tli SfAiowlnf^ boautifnl Btan^as : —
When in the antique n^e of bow and spear And feudal rapine clothed with iron mail, Came Ministers of peace, intent to rear The mother Church in yon sequestcr'd vale j
Tlien, to her Patron Saint a previous rite Resounded with deep swell and solemn close Through unremittinp^ vigils of the nij^ht. Till from his couch the wished for sun uprose.
He rose, and straight — as by Divine command. They who had waited for that si;;n to trace Their work's foundation, pjive with careful hand To the high Altar its determined place ;
Mindful of Ilini who in the Orient born There liv'd, and on the Cress His life resigned, And who, from out the regions of the morn, Issuing in pomp, shall come to judge mankind.
So taught their creed : — nor failed the eastern sky *xMid these more awful feelings, to infuse The sweet and natural hopes that shall not die, liong as the sun his gladsome course renews.
J
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 41/
For us hath snch prelusive vif>il ceased ; Yet still we plant, like men of elder days, Our Christian Altar faithful to the east, Wlience the tall window drinks the momiog rays.
That obvious emblem ^viog to the eye Of meek devotion, which erewhile it {favo. That symbol of the Day-spring from on high. Triumphant o'er the darkness of the grave.
Many of the Lodges had apprentices bound to them to learn the mason trade, Tho records of the ancient Lodge of Aitchison's Haven, near Edinburgh, state that about the beginning of last century a complaint was made to the Lodge of the inferiority of the mason craftsmen, and tho Lodgo resolved that in future the Wardens shall meet with the apprentices of the Lodge on each St John's Day, and ex- amine them as to their knowledge and skill in the Craft. And in the records of tho Lodge Journeymen Masons, Edinburgh, until about the end of last century, frequent entries occur of apprentices being bound to the Lodge, and of their being allowed on St John's Day one shilling each from the funds to keep their pocket. These apprentices appear to have wrought, along with a Fellow-craft of the Lodge, at such build- ings as he was employed on, in the same manner as is still practised by journeymen Masons in many of the country districts of Scotland.
Although the Operative Masons evidently were the predominant Craft in the Masonic Fraternity, it appears to have embraced other Crafts, as shewn by the Acts and Statutes ^ passed at Falkland on the 26th October IG36, where a list of the Airts and Crafts are enumerated, viz. — masons, wrights, shipwrights, coopers, glassin-wrights or glaziers, painters, plumbers, plasterers, and other artificers of buildings, who are afterwards designated as ^lasons belonging to any of the said airts. These being trained under the same general system adopted by the Fraternity, readily accounts for tho uniformity of design and style of workmanship so frequently observed on the buildings erected at dif- ferent periods. The whole of their works appear to have been designed upon a general known principle, perhaps a series of geometrical figures. * In the year 1321 a commission was appointed to inspect the works in progress upon the Cathedral at Sienna, who declare it as their opinion " that the new work ought not to proceed any farther ; because, if com- pleted as it had been begun, it would not have the measure in length,
* Vide Appendix, No. IV, p. 445, antea.
^ Hawkins* History of Gothic Architecture, p. 183.
416
TUB HI^ORY OP retBSl UASOSBX.
brciulth, iind boight, i^bkh tli« rule* far a. cliun^b r«iqQireU ; An*l ^wH that tbo ol<) tttructur<% to wbidj it eeenia th« new Ufljoinc^li wsis Jto jiutlj proportiODoJf aoU Ita mombera so well tt^ftocil with wjicb otbtr in brouJtb, length, ancl b«igbtj tbat if in any pnft au adtlitiou wert* ni^o to i^ under thr prototico of rcilucin*,' it to tiio rigbt moftsaro ol a cburcb, tbe wbo!b wouIJ ho linsirnyciV" It U well known tbat nuny of tbc anrtx^nt cljurvbt»p in Britain ftrc ilciiijtpn?il u^ion a gi^otnotno %uri», ami it vfonM not l*e ditficult to sbow tbal auy altors^tion would Jwtroy the bnrmony of thv> profKirtiona ; but tbiH remark wUl bo mow reaJUy urjJ^rwtiioU by referring to the annoir<l plan anJ ^oction of St Margarot*^ WeU^ B«atalrj^, ntur ficlinburgb, erisctrKi about tb<? y^T 1460, Tho ggur%1 upoD which tbU bwltltng la HmgnccI, is iudieated hy tfao groinitig, tis., a double oi]uilat^ruI trianj^^le, bttving thci point* rncluaod by ti hf^xv^on. Thn wmo fii^itn^ H|>|>Ue4 to thu MtK^tioUf the hoi>cht of tho fieat ondl dittmcti^r of the o^ntral pillar betu^ equal t<> th« half of tbe atd^ of one of tbo umall trian^loe.
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It is evident that a person accustomed to the consideration of designs prepared upon this principle would recognize the figure upon which the buildings he examined was constructed, and readily judge how far they could be interfered with.
Having described generally the arrangement and practice of tho Masonic Fraternity as Architects or Master Masons, and Builders, it might be interesting to glance at its history as established iu its tradi- tions, buildings, and incidental historical notices.
The Frateruity is stated in their traditions to have originated at Shinar. The companies who migrated from that place, after the common language had been confounded, associated themselves iuto
xnE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 417
small societies to preserve the knowledge which they had obtained of the Deity, and the arts of building and agriculture, and met occasionally to rehearse what they remembered. A large company passed into Egypt, where architecture, with its associated sciences, and agriculture, were cultivated and encouraged, and instruc- tion imparted to the initiated under mystic forms. In course of years other companies passed from thence into Greece, where they were en- couraged by the princes of that country. When Solomon was preparing to build his famous temple at Jerusalem many of the initiated came by way of Tyre to aid in its erection. Solomon, observing the practice of these mysteries, was afraid of their tending to idolatry, and therefore purified them ; in which form they were afterwards practised by the adjoining nations.
In whatever light this tradition may be viewed, there is no doubt that the secret societies of Egypt, if not composed of Free- Masons, closely resembled them, and the marks on stones in the Pyramids, observed by Colonel Howard Vyse and others, appear in some cases to be Mason Marks, — those on the rough stones may bo quarry marks, but in all probability those on the dressed stones are Mason Marks. The existence of the Fraternity in Greece at an early period is shewn in the commencement of this volume, and the Sacred Narrative certainly indicates their being engaged at the Temple of Solomon, and in the Vale of the Tigris, about twenty-eight miles from the river, the ruins of Al- Hadhr rise to view, the ancient Atra of the Roman campaigns, in the centre of which stands what was once apparently a palace, temple, or citadel, the stones of which have been hewn with skill, and are so closely fitted that if cement has been used it cannot now be seen ; almost every one is marked with a character generally about one or two inches in size, — either a Chaldaio letter, a numeral, or an astronomical sign. The mirror and handle emblematic of the planet Venus are very common. The historian Ammeanus Marcellinus, fifteen centuries ago, speaks of it as a deserted city. Its origin is entirely lost, but its monuments associate it with an age more ancient than that when it first comes under the notice of history. ^ Mason Marks have also been observed upon the marbles excavated from the ruins of Herculaneum,' one of which is delineated in the annexed plates.
The Rev. James Dallaway, in his work on Architecture, states, " That the sumptuous temples in which Ancient Greece abounded were the works of architects in combination with a Fraternity of Masons, {Mit^tOj)
^ Babylon and Nineveh, published by the London Religious Tract Society. » The Builder, 1834, p. 424.
419 TBE BUTOBT OF 7BSB UABQTfnV.
no reiuonalle doubt eao ^o eTit^rULQ^, > That witb th& Hotnans titicfj Fnit«n)Ui<»e^ (Colle^^lft^) inclutlin^ tbo (Fabn) vrorkmon who werL> cm- ployoil m any kunl of oonatrocUon, were suhjoct to the law» cf Nutam PompUiufl, i« &ti app«TQtit iftct*" PHny, vrbm rrocon^ul of Asb Minor, ID ono of biJi w^rU'knoWu 4?puttJcw whicb he i^I^tcuinI to Uin Ktnp^^ror Trajan, inforratt biro uf u uiotit JeAlruetlve Br^ »t Hkoineitia^ And requc^U bSiD to OE»Ubliiib a Colio^iuni Fft)ironiin /or ibe r«buiblifig of ibe dtj\ Thfl Enip^^ror rofii«M from ihe appfobeDflion of dnn^crr ^ tboir meeiiD^ irvre bcU uo^Jor tlitj ncftl of «oer»ey*
In tho Rjj^bth <>rrntury thcf Fnit<»niity btul nbttLinod a poBition on ] Co&Uncotj u^ Cburlemu;;nr w:Lei lUon cn;:A^ctl to «reeltDg bus mtt^nifio^nt diurdt tit A]x-k-C)mi>ellep and inttted artificor* tu aA^lH from ever country vi Europe in wbich tb^-y were Gst&b]i««bed, ''Two pnoc^F oollcm were formod at Sira^barg and Cologne by tbo Master MaaoDi^ of thftun iiitip<'i^d<m» catbrdralj^ wbo at ibat period atisnmod, and w« aUowiidt u JuH.'idldioij ovi^r all iufctrior soeielies, wherever tbey exo tbeir Craft* lu ih\}iio 4.^ollvl>ot forts regitiatJoit« wtra forrood, wbSrh wet relt^ou^ly prc^^erved nndor ibe stroD^^ sanction of poi>d ftiitli and fttH!recy4] They wcro j»Mbably vory DUmerocHy attended, at least by Master "^ Ma«onj> ; and :im all ci>tumunications rubitiTO to tbcir art* wens delivered
^ To mention the more celebrated architects, with their known works : — To Ctesiphon and Meta<;enos the Temple of Diana, at Ephcsus, is ascribed ; Kha^cns of Sanios, built the Temple of Juno, in tliat Island ; and Ictinus and Callicratcs that of the Parthenon at Athens. This may be a sufficient selection from many others of scarcely an inferior fame.
* Bishop Lucy, for bulldinr^ his Cathedral in 1202, instituted a confraternity of workmen, to endure for five years. — Milncr's History of Winchester, vol. ii, p. 14. 4to. As a fact which has not been questioned, the first complete example of the (lOthic style in England is De Lucy*s addition to Winchester Cathedral in 1202. It has been remarked by Whittin«;ton in his Essay — "That from the first rise of Gothick in the twelfth, to its completion in the fifteenth cen- tury, the improvements are owing to the munificence of the ( hurcli, and the vast abilities of the Free-Masons in the Middle .\^es. These scientific per- sons have ^^reat claim to our admiration, from the richnoss and fertility of their inventive powers. By them the eastern style was transplanted into the west; and under them it was so much altered and amplified that it assumed au entirely new appearance." Did tiny accompany the Crusaders, and learn the Arab architecture, for the purpose of adopting it upon their return I " These immense woi ks j)roduced a host of artificers, out of whom, in imitation of the confratei iiitios which for various purposes had cxi ted from ancient times, companies were formed, academies, schools, and bodies were established. An oath of secrecy was administered to the noviciates ; a veil of mystery pervaded their mee:in;;s, which, in an age when many were ignorant, conferred import- ance. Such institutions, in the infancy of science, were singularly beneficial.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 419
orally, the subordinate associates had only the experience which the practice afforded them of applying the principles thus detailed."^
The Romans evidently brought a company of associated artificers with them to Britain, as appears from a stone discovered at Chichester in 1725, now in the possession of the Duke of Richmond, bearing a votive inscription, in which the College of Masons dedicate a Temple to Neptune and Minerva, and the safety of the family of Claudius Ca3sar. »
Matthew of Westminster mentions that in 488 Anrelius repaired the churches in Britain, and sent for Masons and Carpenters for that pur- pose ; and ai:ain, in 522, he notices King Arthur being at York, (the seat of the oldest English Lodge,) and observing the desolate state of the ecclesiastical edifices, summoned a Council, in which he determined to repair the churches throughout the Island of Britain, which was afterwards done. '
The earliest indication of the existence of the Masonic Fraternity in Scotland is from the Masons* Marks upon the ancient buildings. The most distinct now extant are those upon the Round Tower of Brechin^ supposed to have been erected about the year 1020. The Lodge of Glasgow St John appears however to have existed so early as 1057, as in that year Malcolm III, King of Scots, granted them a charter bearing that date.* The Lodge of Edinburgh, Mary's Chapel, is said to have been founded by a company of Masons brought from Strasburg by David the First, in 1128, to build the Abbey Church of Holyrood- House, and were afterwards engaged at Melrose Abbey, founded in 1 136. It has also been stated that they were engaged at the building of Kelso Abbey in 1128, which is not improbable, seeing the great interest King David took in the Tironensian Order of Monks, for whom it was erected, they having been brought by him from Tiron, in Picardy, about 1113, and stationed at Selkirk. They were good agriculturists, and had amongst them craftsmen of various kinds ; and, as a body, were adepts in ecclesiastical architecture ; it is therefore highly probable that they would be associated in some degree with the Free-Masons engaged in erecting these buildings. In the year 1 1 40 Hugh do Morville is said to
By their efforts new li^rhts were elicited, and valuable discoveries extensively diffused.** — Guun on Gothick Architecture, p. 60. Muratori, Disc. 75.
^ Collections for an Historical Account of Master and Free-Masons, by the Rev. James Dallaway.
* Ilistory of Western Sussex, vol. i, p. 3.
' Hawkins* Ilistory of Gothic Architecture.
* Vide the Charter given at len|>th in Chapter XVI, supi-a.
420 TftMflnWEY OF FRBE UaBONRV.
havi^ Lroaf^ht Masons fronj C<^1ogiio to oract ftit AUb^^y nt KUwinn'ing^ dlflo ft»r tljc Mookw of tlio TiroiitiuMitiu OrJer, whore the Modtpr Mtf^d Jiroil ih n ^upcrif>r j><i(?itioTi, anvi fj^qiicntly hold a>iserohH«a of Mji«on4^^ wUich i^ *upi»*i»r£l to account for thf> inflitence which tL<* KUwinumg Lodgo txrrt-nKcJ for u lon;^ period in ivothoil Fatlmr Hav, in Uis ^ A«ouiU 0f thu St C]tuTm of Rojilin/* itntc jt that wh^Ti llo«rm Chftpol w rottUilM iu 1410, th« fuLiiid«rr " in or^ertltat ituit^ght bc»don<T irrUi ^^roator ^'tory and iipleodour, canned aHifii-'crs U> be Wou^ht fruni nthcr rcgioni< uud forrai^nc kin^^ loina ; and cai)«ed daily to bo abtiiid:Lnctr of «U ktndji of workmen prrivcnt.'^ St CUtr ol IWIin, aa ie vrell kuowu, woa Muro- d'ltiry Omtid Ma^t^r Mu^on of i^cotlntid ; nnd^ at ai^paars froui tlio Mlgtiatari*]} tu tho Churttir of Uiji ConSndattcm in 1^00, thi^ Cntfl had iDclttdcd at that |K*noil tlie f;T«At«r iiumht>r of tho WtldiRg tradire, which will nnidily aiMX>uat far tbe old«<r Lodg«a heLUj{ UM>ctat«d ft'ilb thtr Ineor- pomtloua of thift r)«cp^tivo towD9, Tti«M Maeoos sr« eatd to huvi.' bet^a brought from Str&Mbur^, but tboro i« no Lod^o now cxUtin^ which dftlma t4> bo do«o«Dd^ from tbtm.
Msioy of tlio old Lod^oa in Sootlaod, who wora ooguged la erectiD^ tbo vcde«ia«tlca1 afid b^rimijil buildin^''^ in tb(^if re^pcctiv^ localitienv havQ prcAorvt'd mnay itUcrf>jiti»g ri^cordis and tnulitioae oonDccted with tlicir bUiorV' Tbo period at wbi^dj the mnnutimpt records of the Lodges generally coinmcncc is about the middle of the sixtccntli cen- tury, and cliictly during the reign of James the Sixth of Scotland, who appears to have taken a particular interest in the preservation of the Masonic Craft, which may be attributed to the general destruction of the ecclesiaj-tical buildings recently effected by the zeal of the people (though contniry to the advice of many of their leaders) in promoting the cause of the Heforniation. ^
^ TiiAisT FiikiNi)3, -After maist hartly comuicndacion, we pray you faill not to pass incontinent to the kyrk of Dunkold, and tak doun the haill iinau^es thereof, and briijn^ furth to the kirkyard, and byrn thaym oppiuly ; and sicklyk cast doun the altairs, and purge the kyrk of all kynd of monuments of idola- trye : And this ye faill not to do as ye will do us sin;;uleir onipleseur ; and sO committis you to the protection of God. From Edinboury<;h the xii. of Augnst 1560. Faill not Lot ye tak ;;uid heyd that neyther Argyll.
the dasks, windocks, nor dun iss, be ony (Signed) Jamks Stewart.
ways hurt or broken .... eythor Hutuven.
jflassin wark, or iron wark. This letter is addressed on the back :
To our trayst freindis the Lairds of Arntuly and Kinwayd. Introduction, Tart i, page 27, to Picturesque .\ntiquitie8 of Scotland, etched by Adam de Canlonnel. London, 4to., 17SS.
THE IlISTOFiY OP FREE MASONRY. 421
In the History of the Trades House of Glasgow, page 30, we find the following entry: — " In 1579 Mr Melville, the Principal of the College, assembled the people by tuck of drum to pull down the Cathedral. The Crafts ran immediately to arms, and informed Mr Melville that if any person presumed to pull down a single stone of the church he should that moment bo buried under it ; and so much were they incensed at this attempt to destroy this ancient building, that if the Magistrates had not come and appeased them, they would have put to death Melville and all his adherents. The leaders of this insurrection were summoned to appear before the Council at Edinburgh, where the King (James the Sixth), not thirteen years of age, approved of what the Craft had done, and commanded the Ministers to proceed no further in that affair, saying " that too many churches had been already destroyed ; and that he would not tolerate any more abuses of that kind."
Assemblies of Masons were frequently convened at Holyrood-house to deliberate on the state of the Craft, and enact rules for their guidance. On the 25th September 1590, a grant was made to and in favour of Sir Patrick Coipland of Udaucht, i of the oflSce of Wardanrie over the
' A Grant by King James the VI, in favour of Patrick Coipland of Udaucht, of the office of Wardanrie over the Craft of Masons within the Sbires of Aberdeen, Banff, and Kincardine, during his life, conceived in the following words : —
Ame lettre maid, makand mentioun, that oar Soverane Lord being informit of the qualificatioun of Patrick Coipland of Udaucht, for using and exerceing of the office of Wardanrie over the airt and craft of Mosonrie ; and that his pre- deccssouris hes bene ancient possessouris of the said office of Wardanrie over all the boundis of Abcrdene, Banff, and Kincame, lyikas the said Patrick him- self is electit ane chosin to the said office be common consent of the maist pairt of the Master Masounes within the sherriffdomes of Aberdene, Banff, and Kin- came ; Thairfoir Gevand and Grantand to the said Patrick, the said office of Wardanrie over the said craft of Masonis within the said hail thrie sherriff- domes, and makand him Wardane and Justice ovir them, for all the dayis of his ]yif ; With power to the said Patrick to use and exerce the said office alse frielie in all respoctis as ony uther Wardane of the said craft within this realme dois or may do, or as the said Patrickis umquhile father usit and exercit the samyn ; with all fees, priviledgcs, cosualitics, commodities and dewities pertenyng thereto ; and with power also to him to hald wardane and justis Courtis at quhatsumever pairt or place within the saidis boundis as he sail think expediente ; and in the saidis courtis justice to quhatsumever parties complenaud to minister as accordis of the law, deputtis under him, with clerkis, serjandis, denipstaris, and all uthers officeris and members of court neidfull, to niak, crcat, substitute and ordane, for quhilkis he sail be haldin to answer, unlawis amerceamentis and cscheittis of the saidis courtis, to ask, lift, and
iSt TBE UtSfTORT OF FttEE HASOHRr.
Cfttfl uf Masons wttliin the flbirea of Abemleent Banfl*, anO KmoArdioe ; ooil ou tLe :!HtL of DwctHber ^508, SUtut(*<i won) from^^ti Ui lio observed by tba Ma«toT M^i>qs in tlie milto tif ScutlanJj* in wblob U b dLvtinctlv cnjomcJ that tbe Fcllowerafta bhall onttjr their miLrki in the Btjifk* i>f iho Lotlfje,* Other mectiogs wcro hdii *»bt>rLly afWr- fTtiniii, the maatiJcri)Jt Mitiutea of which uro believed to bo id tbo pOMOtsloD of the t^ar) \>f Kgliutati i appvutl^d to one of tlieso w the Ibllowitig AOto : — ** Tbo Ktog \mn% out of tuwa tu^ay could not %\gz llt« Miimt^/* In the hoi>k« of Iho Ludgu PurtU utid Sy^auo wc find tluit Joha Myln^ Mutrti^T Mtutoti tn Kinj^ Jaiut^a tbu Sixth, wa^, by tJio King's own 4i»tn?, entered Fr^eiuan Ma«oD and t'ellow'-craft in tbo LcHlgsof Soou^.
AIlbf^u;^h mauy of th** Lodj^^ef bav« retahi<>d fboir bj^erttivo chaTactor* tbe mnjonty nuw practice Bpocututivc Ma«M>ury only^ which haadoBCMidod to tifl tUtt^fi;;h the Ancient Operatiro Lo*lgojit who bavo ahroya pno* ttsed huth dlviMouj?* Tho Hnj^linh Maaooa huve followotl the 8anii? oottrMi, and the atatc of th^ Cmft 1^ thue dcacribod by ijne who hai tbnronghty inve^ti^'atod the eahject : —
^* If we fturrcy Frve Masonry as it exiat<?d in the early part of the aerenteeuth centary^ we dialt Jlad it ig oon^isi of Uireo Degrees only, . ai>d tljo:^e chiefly Oporatixf'. Id our own country we search in vain for evidence of a Lod^'o of pure Speculiitive Masonry. Tho Operative Lodges ]>reservc{l and transmitted our secrets, tauirbt morality and theoretical scionco, and received amongst their memhers Kings, Peers, and Prelates, who were lovers of architectural studies and pursuits ; thus blending Speculative with Openitivo Masonr}^ until tho latter portion was excluded in 1717. After this period I regret to say that Free Masonry does not j)resent the pleasing picture of lircthren working together in harmony and brotherly love." **
In modern times it has been the practice of many of the Royal Arch Chapters to give the Mark Master's and Cliair Master's Ceremonial as separate Degrees, classing them after tho Master's Degree ; this is con- trary to the practice of the Ancient Cnift Lodges, who class the former
raise ; and for the Ramyn, gif neid bo, to poind and distrinzie, assise and assises ane or niae of tho bost and worthiest personis within tho saidls boundis, and of the fouro half about Icist susjicct, and that heist knawis tho voritio to sufficient nowmer, to simimoud, warne, cheiss and cans be sworne ; and potierally, &c. firm and stable, kc. At Halirudhouse, the 2oth day of September, the year of Gcd 1590. Per Signaturani.
1 Vide Appendix, No. Ill, p. 441, antea.
« Ibid., p. 442, antm. » Qiiv^r^s Landmarks, rol. ii, p. 24.
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 423
with the Fellow-craft, and the latter with the IMaster Mason Degree. Dr Oliver, in referring to the Mark Master, in his Landmarks/ re- marks, " that this is usually classed after the Master's Degree, but in strict propriety it ought to precede it, for the Mark Master is but the Master of a Lodge of Fellow-crafts."
This difforeuce of opinion was decided by the Grand Lodge of Scot- land, in so far as it afToctcd the Lodges under her jurisdiction, at the Quarterly Communication held in November 1858. On that occasion a representation was made by the Provincial Grand Lodge of Glas- gow that the Lodge of Glasgow St John was practising the Mark and Chair Master Degrees ; which Degrees, said the Memorialists, were neither recognised nor practised by the Grand Lodge of Scotland. In defence, it was stated that the Lodge of Glasgow St John did not re- cognise them as separate Degrees, but as portions of the Fellow-craft and Master's Degrees, sanctioned by the Laws and Constitutions of the Grand Lodge. After mature deliberation, the Grand Lodge, without a division, found that the Lodge of Glasgow St John was in perfect order, and dismissed the complaint.
For the information of those who may feel interested in examining or collecting Mason's Marks from existing ancient buildings, it mny be proper to state that in many instances where the stones are much ex- posed the original surfaces are worn off by the influence of the weather, and consequently the marks do not appear, but will bo found on the more sheltered places, as on the Norman door at Holyrood Chapel, where they are still to be seen behind the small shafts, as well as on other parts of this beautiful structure, and also on the newel of the stairs to Queen Mary's Rooms. The double mark is also to be seen upon the lintel of the fire-place of the Crown Room in Edinburgh Castle. The marks are very easily traced in Roslin Chapel; on Melrose, Dry- burgh, and Kelso Abbeys ; on Smailholm Tower ; on the bed of the stones of the old Church at Haddington ; on the Cathedral Church of St Giles, Edinburgh, and on the Cathedrals of Glasgow, Dunblane, St Andrews, and Kirkwall : In England on Tintern Abbey : In Ireland on Youghal Cathedral : On the Ecclesiastical Buildings on the Con- tinent ; and indeed on almost every old edifice.
The examples given in the following Plates are taken from places widely apart, nevertheless, the striking similarity observable in many of these will suggest to every thoughtful and intelligent Mark Mason a lesson of deep meaning and importance.
^ Oliver's Landmarks, vol. ii, p. 26.
414
THIS flTSTORV OP FREE VASONBT.
CBAIR OB PAST MASTCa
Althouoei i\m \n now frequeatly (SJtinnuntcat^d by Iloyal Aroh CLa|)U}rH u£ & i^^purato Dti^*'rce, with n fortuai iuiUatory coremooiali oiiibnKriti^' won]*, tfii^QS, and tokoiia, tt Mongt to the Order of Croft Masonry, ftnd i« nt^l) pr?u^ti«ed by nijkuy of the Lod^rea ia tbe Third D«>gre€j but i« DDly <;omtnEiuicate<l to thu newly ekn^t^d Master when about Ui be Lt]»(tu^l]c(L
Th^ Loi]j];c 1^ opcuod In the Third Degree ia a sepajate apartment^ noHt? but Pti^t M^vfiCorei bving pre^etttr when the Ma^tar c^ecl ia oxaniinod OA lo hid kuuwlodp} and qatilifioatiaLiB ; if do ohjc(!tir>D \a mode he i^ rc^ p^rUd to the Jlrrtlir^n ne rinaltflo^l to diwh^;;o tho dutit^s of Maetf^r ol tho Lod^o i and wbrn riocted U obligntod by tb« P^t Maet^rs to faith- fully ditchar^e tho dutiosi «f hU office, hy rQwaixlfni^ indastry and prrj- mottn^ mcfitf rectn]^ thiLt th<» workmeti nro rrgnlaHy and justfy pniO, atid thi! faiidtt ftiithfuDy ri^ooutited for ; nhtt that bo will main tain and onforco tbc lawA of the On)or, Ho alai^ receives n word, eign^ and token. Few speculative refofonoo« aro attached to the ooremonialj it being pro^ perly nnly an obligation ^urnntpoing to tho Loilge that the Master wjlj act (aithfolly and pro{>er1y townrdc^ them.
ARK MARINER.
TiTis i.s one of the minor Speculative De;Lrrees, which is communicated generally in Royal Arch Chapters. It is based upon the Mosaic account of the Flood, which is amplified in tho form of Question and Answer. It is evidently modern, and supposed to have been invented about the end of last century.
^a»fn4Cti«mbfr- in llic lir^at Pyramid, Gueh tgypt.
t
From MerculantNm,
4.
Trom tUf t-athedrat of Strasburg, France- fftim the Caihcdrai of Presburgh Hungary,
HH X A +4 x^x:
From Furness Ahbe^, [nglapd. From Yonihal h (rp)and.
+ X ^-b tXI 1X1(1^
1128- H80 lUlyttJorl rhapel. Ldiobur^h ,
IhOP- (pn^n Room, Edinbingh CasLit
144-6^ Roslin Chapel.
1127- Dunkeld Cathedral.
1400- Melrose Abbey.
A^ X^ x->lxX
^ V^TYT^ f Iff
1200 - Glasgovv Cathedral.
loch- Coime Abbey Linlithgow Palace.
l856_ P^lfTi House Royal Bolanir Gardens, Edmbt;rgJi .
^583 _ Tpmple of^ Allahnbari, India. Round Tovtrp\ Brerhm ^'dirn^dr-at
Square Tovvtr
Castir of Mel^unJ
^X ^^ ^X\/^
"ti
From St. NInians Msrsonic Lodge Book, Brechin. From Journeymen Masons Lodge Book, Edinburgh.
Mason Mark of Robert Burns, inscribed upon the Bible presented by him to '* Highland Mary."
X
d"
;
THE niSTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 425
ROYAL ARCH DEGREE.
oo Decessary to observe that the word Order, in Masonry, .es a Clasfl, — ^a degree being a step or division of the Order. Thus,
iO Order of St John's or Craft Masonry is divided into the three degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellow-craft, and Master Mason. Royal Arch Masonry is only a degree, professing to be supplementary to the third degree of St John's Masonry, and entirely of a speculative character. Its number in order varies in the different systems with which it is combined. In England it is placed immediately after the third degree of Craft Masonry ; in the system of the Thirty-three it is the thirteenth, and in that of the Chevalier Ramsay it is the seventh. It is therefore evident that a definite position cannot be assigned to it. As already noticed, its object is to supplement the third degree of St John's Masonry, but this is entirely unnecessary, as it is known to every intelligent Master Mason that this Order is complete in itself, ^ and that which was lost can only be found beyond the veil of time, towards which the eye of the aspirant is directed ; moreover, it never has been recognised by that Order, but, on the contrary, carefully prevented from being in any way attached to it.
It has been suggested that at a very early period the Royal Arch became a portion of the peculiar ceremony of reception into the Tern pie; if so, it would have continued its connection with that Order, or left some evidence on which to found such an opinion. On its introduction into this country it was practised, with some other minor degrees, in the Temple Encampments, not on account of any pre-existing con- nection, but because these were the only places where it could be associ- ated, as the Ancient Craft Lodges never recognised the degree.
On the suppression of the Order of Knights Templars, about 1312, the Knights of St John succeeded to large portions of their possessions, called in Scotland Temple Lands, and enjoyed them till the Reformation, when all Religious Orders were suppressed. Here their revenues were great and their properties widely extended. Sir James Sandilands, their last Preceptor in this country, was sent to France by the Congre* gation-Parliament in 1560, to lay some proceedings before Francis and
^ You admit that it is not in the power of any man, or body of men, to make innovation in the body of Masonry. — Charges at Installation, Preston's lUos- tratioDS of Masonry ; vide also Appendix X, p. 474, aiUea.
TitB tir«TORV OF FttlCB HASO^KV.
Hftiy, but the Cftnlinal of Lort*)ne \oaAf?d bira with roproache* for
Cf^nseDtTii^ Iq be tlje l)<*aror of |>ro|io6ttiotiw from heretics, and he was tlMmJsf^J witbout iwiawer. Halving ornbnvceil tbo pritJciijJoH of the R4?f«f>nijation, he, ia 15fl3, reHlft^eJ tbo proj^prty iuto tbe h^n*!^ of Queen Mjtry, auJ t^be (by bor mini intern) oiTict^tl thc»!0 iutf^ tUv Fiarany of Tor* pbichcn^ and ^'^mntcJ tbrm in bU fuvour in fionaiilcmuon of bU great tneni auA Berrlcv, on paymont of 10,000 icoUvxt cniwna, with ati iu)ntit;]r«nt *>f .100 moAi.
Kitjrf RuLrrt Hnirc is Atiiil to hnvo boen aule<i by the Templars on tlio lwij*k*) of tbr Forth, ftoJ to have croaUxl u wmilftr oMer at Caroba*- kenitt^tb, afl*»r tho wivnlry exploit of WiltiAm Sitieliiir, Bishop of th« CaWonfniia Tbo Onlnr bnji beoii revivfMl nt diftcrtrut p^rioflu since, and ^Uvti Scrrot Sooiotiotf wt?r« prohibited tbey took Hbtltor utiJer MaMoDry^ imo(^ higher ijniile of tbiit Oriler, But although botb iboee Onkr* in eumtnon tend to brint', or knit individimls together in the botida of ftniity, yot tbry arn ea*ontTiilly diflnn^nt in mntiy rcjspecrt^. While JD Ma*jQry thy members a)) meet on i fooUny of eijnality, **tin tb« levtil," the Ohlor of the Temple einbraoes rnriona gmtlcs and dU- tjiictions. There wrrc Men<flt Armn, S<^nire*^ A*c, ; and a Knight i« dubbcdr not born. It U moro select, and It ii mAinUiincd on a scuJo of censidt^nLlily ;;rT'Ht(T pnmiic. Indeed, tbo twfi Onlcrs bnve nn otber JiHiiiity than tlmt alluded to, viz. — of unitinf]^ mcnibcrs of a community into a select society for proniotini: harmony and goodwill : There was no mystery among the ancient Soldiers of tbo Cross, and there is none in tbo Statutes of the Onb'r of tbo present day. Prior to tbo Rebellion of 174j this Order was presided over by the Marquis of Tullibardino, ancestor of the Duke of Atliole.^
In reality, the Hiyal Arch Degree originated amongst the British H(yalists who were resi«lent in Paris about the beginning of tbo ast century. M. Heghellini do Schio distinctly states that it was invented by tbo Scotch Chevalier Ramsay, who, ho says, created a new rite of tbo three symbolical degrees, and a<lded four others, founded upon new institutions and doctrines, — the last of the seven being the Rcyal Arch, and the cnd)lem by which the Church is always symbolized.''
" Hamsay was afTectionatoly attached to the family of Stuart and to his nutivo country ; bo had co-operated heartily with those who cn-
^ As a corollary to the above, riJc Chapter V, supra, p. 7o, ei scq.
'-^ In ** La Ma(^onnerio considerL^e comnie le resultat des Religions Egyptienne, Juive, ct Chroticnnc," torn, ii, page 124, it is said — " un des reforinateurs le plus accri'dites fut le Chevalier liamsny, Kcossais ; il crea en 1728 un nouvcau rite ; aux trois Grades Symboliqucs, il en ajouta quatre autres, bases sur de
THE HISTORY OF FREE MASONRY. 427
deavourcd to emploj MasoDrj in tbc service of the Pretender, and, availing himself of the pre-eminence given (at first perhaps as a coartly compliment) to Scotch Masonry, he laboured to shew that it existed, and indeed arose daring the Crusades, and that there really was either an order of chivalry whose business it was to rebuild the Christian churches destroyed by the Saracens, or that a Fraternity of Scotch Masons were thus employed in the East under the protection of the Knights of St John of Jerusalem. He found some facts which were thought sufficient grounds for such an opinion, such as the building of the college of these Knights in London, called the Temple, which was actually done by the public Fraternity of Masons who had been in the holy wars. It is chiefly to him that we are indebted for that rage for Masonic chivalry which distinguishes the French Free Masonry. Ramsay was as eminent for his piety as he was for his enthusiasm, but his opinions were singular. His eminent learning, his elegant talents, his amiable character, and particularly his estimation at Court, gave great influence to everything he said on a subject which was merely a matter of fashion and amusement The refining genius of the French, and their love of show, made the humble denominations^ of the English Brethren disgusting ; and their passion for military rank, the only character that connected them with the Court of an absolute monarch, made them adapt Free Masonry to the same scale of public estimation, and invent ranks of Magons Chevaliers, ornamented with titles, and ribands, and stars. These were highly relished by that people ; and the price of reception, which was very high, became a rich fund, that was generally applied to relieve the wants of the banished British and Irish adherents of the unfortunate family who bad taken refuge among them. " '
Based upon the Craft Degrees, the Speculative Degrees of Masonry continued to be multiplied to such an extent, that Weishaupt, who appears to have been intimately acquainted with the whole, de- clares that " these systems are in fact but one. They have all sprung from the Blue Lodge of three degrees ; take these for their standard, and found on these all the improvements, by which each system is after- wards suited to the particular object which it keeps in view.*'^ It is
nouvellcs institutions et doctrines : 1^- L'Ecossais ; 2®< Le Novice ; 3®. Le Cbev. du Temple, enfin le 4®* et le dernier des sept etait le Koyal Arclie, sous rembleuie duqucl TEgliso est toujours symbolis^e." — General Refrulations for the Govcriiment of the Order of Royal Arch Masons of Scotland, 1845.
^ Tlio three Craft Degrees.
' Hobison's Proofs of a Conspiracy, 4th Edition, 1798.
3 Ibid,
458 THE nisTORY or fuce masonry.
ovi<li?ntj thomfore, ihui tbe whole of wb&t are termed the higher degrees of Masonryr inclaaivo t»f tbo Royal Arcb, woro iavetited about the com- mcnoeinont of the last century, a.nfl introduced into thia country shortly thereafter. When wo coDfiiJcr the class of society id which it was
invcntoJ and practise J, tbe whole armng^etneat a coords with their ideas, — tbe gor^ous dresses of tho officors, ami U»o drapery und oroanienta of the CLapter, were culcnlated to please the fancy ; while tho return of tho Jewish exiles, auder their Prince Zerubbabel, to theif own land, sym- holi^cd their circumstauci^s and tho feelings which aairoated tbom, aUhough a dilfcretit meauiog^ was cotnmunicatcd to the aspirant.
Some aro vt o|union tbiU its institution is eren of a more modora date, as appe^rfl froui Olivcr^s Landmarks of Freemasonry, where it i& stated that *' a coniiDittoe of seceding Masons in Amoricaj in tlieir report (1830) Aay — ' It 1J3 ci?rtatn that the primeval Chapter of Royal Arch Maaons wa^ instituted A^ h^ 1747( at Anus, id Frauoe ^ that Moaea Michael HayoSj a JeWj introdaced it, with the still deeper oiysteries^ into this country (United States), by a ptcut dated December 6, 1778 ; that the firiit mention of a Chapter of Ma^on^^ lu this country was in 1776 ; the 6r«t Grand Chapter was instituted at Philadelphia in 1707 ; and tbo first G«)uetal Grand Chapter of United States was instituted in the city of Now York, June 6, 1816.' Other authorities say that it was intro- duced into America in 1764 ; while Clavel and others contend that the Royal Arch degree was only established in 1777, and had its origin in England. But we possess substantial evidence of its prior existence. A work called " Hiram, or the Master Key to the Door of Freemasonry," was published in 1766, by a person styling himself a Af ember of the Royal Arch. Lawrence Dermott, after some remarks on the conduct of certain Brothers who were dissatisfied at not having been admitted to the Royal Arch, says — * To this I will add the opinion of our Worship- ful Brother. Dr Fitfield D'Assigney, printed in the year 1744.' * Some of the Fraternity,' says he, * have expressed an uneasiness at the Royal Arch being kept a secret from them, since they had already passed through the nsxial degrees of jyrohation ; but 1 cannot help being of opinion that they have no right to any such benefit until they make a proper application, and are received with due formality as having passed the chair, and given undeniable proofs of their skill." It is evident, therefore, that the degree was in existence before 1744 ; and that it was conferred only on Past Masters."^
Stone says, (See Letters, p. 26,) " properly speaking there are only three Degrees of Ancient Masonry, all others having been engrafted upon
' Oil vol's Landmarks, vol. ii, Lecture xxxv. Note 3, p. 349.
THE HISTORY OF FREB MASONRY. 420
the original stock within the last hundred years." Preston also re- marks,— " it is well known to the Masons of this country that some nen of warm and enthusiastic imaginations have been disposed to amplify parts of the institution of Freemasonry, and in their supposed improve- ments to have elevated their discoveries into new degrees ; to which they have added ceremonies, rituals, and dresses, ill suited to the native simplicity of the Order, as it was originally practised in this country. But in all these degrees, though probably deserving reprehension, as improper innovations on the original system of Masonry, I can never believe that they have either proceeded from bad motives, or could be viewed in any other light than as innocent and inoffensive amusements,^ ^
It is thus evident that the many additional degrees of Masonry are of modem origin, and the Royal Arch certainly not older than 1728. Beyond a mere assertion, there is no evidence of any kind of its existence in this country previous to 1743. The Minute-book of the Stirling Royal Arch Chapter commences at that date.
The Lodge Ancient, Stirling, possesses two small brass plates, to which some importance is attached — they are rudely engraved, but the drawing is not old. " One of these relates to the two first degrees of Masonry— the other contains on the one side certain emblems belonging to a Master's Lodge, and on the reverse five figures ; the one at the top is called the * Redd Cross or Ark ' — at the bottom is a series of concentric arches, which might be mistaken for a rainbow were there not a key-stone on the sum- mit, indicative of an arch ; the three other figures are inclosed within a border ; the upper is called the ' Sepulchre,* the second ' Knights of Malta,' and the third ' Night Templar.' "^ The age of these plates is said to be unknown, but they appear to have been used as tracing-boards, and indicate their having been prepared for the Royal Arch Chapter,— rnone of the supplementary degrees being given with St John's Masonry, — and cannot be assigned an older date than the middle of the eighteenth century.
The Stirling Royal Arch Chapter is certainly the oldest in Scot- land, none of the others having evidence of their being instituted until some years afterwards, — some holding Charters from Ireland, and others without any authority. In 1811 a number of them, with the Masonic Knight Templars, formed themselves into a Supreme Knight Templar Encampment, under a patronizing Charter from the late Duke of Kent ; and in 1817 the Supreme Royal Arch Chapter of Scotland was
^ PrestoD, quoted by Dr Oliver ia bis Landmarks, vol. ii, Lecture xzv, Note 89, p. 35.
* General I^golations for the Government of the Order of Royal Arch Masons of Scotland, 1845.
TIIR ni^ORT Ok rtliat llA»OHItY.
Ibnaodi bat it UjU not aMumo » distioct r^oo^nitiou of ^evonil of tW «ti|gTMf wbtdi 31 Do^r HUfH^ritit^^xiiU itnttl 184:^, wlioa it kntim^tod iW 111 Chaptera are cutille^l Ui g^raut tltc To lid wing dc^rec^ : — M&rk, l^t| KxceWemt, aitU Kajal Arcli, as aJ»o the Ht>y^i Ark Murioei^ aoil tli* BabjrIoni«h l*aa«, wl*icb laFt U oorujn^uly but ^rroncoujely c:Uli>4 tba K«il Ckmui^ ami U Cf>m[>t>«rfl of tlirco poinU — Kuightd of tbe SwoM — Km^bU o( tbu Enst — urid Kui^'bu of tbc Eo^t and VVest Tbe Supremo CliapUrr appoara to have booti iu ^oubt i^t tbat tiino regarJmg tbeir powf^r ti> interfere tritb Mark and PaaI M^tnr't» degree, and ackoow- W^u tbo pvvrtT gf tho finirid LmJ^o of Sc*Hla.o J to ^rant UietUj' altLoagb reoeutljr lb«/ b^kvo mo^t uuiYarratitaUy i^Mumed tbo eutlre supertat«aij- «DC6 tbcr«9f.
Tb« natote aud objoct of Royal Arch Maioary m^y h^ geoeratly utkdontood from tbo following Atatemout la Ollvcr'a HiJsUirical I^ad- tnafka of Frprm:uonryf %'ul. ii, LiNitun} xxxv : —
*' Tho sytnbold aod oraiuaeut* wbirb aro dttplayod oa tbe lUtyal Arcb tract D^boarda, a8 well aa tbo forma and corentomoB at pre«eut obtierv^^d m our CluipU'Tv, aro aduI to bavc biroa a^lopted by our |>r9- deci^i^aorn at tbo building of tlio accond ^Tiriplp^ n»f| if ore iutoudod to tfiiT^t.'^^ iifioi) tbo mibda of Uoyn.1 Arrfi ^^;iElUl1l( (o tbo cod of tlrno, tbe providential means of a .series of important discoveries, by which tho Jewibh Nation was enli^^htcneJ by a knowle(l<;e of the truth, without a fresh revehitioTi, after all traces of the written hiw had been swept away at the destruction of Jerusalem by Xohuchnlnezzar ; ami the knowledge and wor.ship of the true Gol was only retained by memory, and trans- mitted l»y oral tralition amongst the remnant of His people, existing by tjuirerincc, ami a^ exiles and captives, in the milst of an idolatrous Nation, practising a splendid superstition, profusely decorated with all the adjuncts which mi^ht render it imposing and attractive."
The period anil circumstances under which the Degree is said to have originated, was in the first year of Cyrus, and tiie seventieth of the Babylonian caj)tivity. Tho following is a summary of the traditionary Narrative : —
" God t(»ok pity on a miserable peoj)le, according to what ho had foretold by the prophet Jeremiah, and before the destruction of Jerusa-
^ Nor can any one he reco^jnised as a Mark or Past ^^lLstc^, wlio has not received theso dc^^rces in a Lod«,'e or Chapter whose ri«;ht to ^rant them is recognised hy the Supreme Royal Arch Chapter or Grand Lod;j^e of Scotland, nor unless ho produces his certificate of the Mark de<,'ree. — (ieneral Regula- tions for tlio (ioveriiment of the Order of Uoyal Arcli Masons of Scotland, iS45, last clause of Rule 28.
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY. 431
lom, viz. — That after seventy years bondage under Nebuchadnezzar and his successor, they should be restored to their own country, see the temple rebuilt, and return to the state of their former glory. This was all made good to them accordingly ; as, by the immediate commission of Cyrus, the materials were prepared in the course of seven months, and in the second month of the second year the foundation was laid ; and he constituted for his Most Excellent Principals, Zcrubbabel and Joshua; but they had no sooner begun to build than the Samaritans put obstruc- tions in their way. They first, under pretence of joining as Companions in the work, desired to be entered among them, and to become Com- panions of the same Chapter. The Most Exccllents aware of their design, refused any connection with them, because they were of such as was left to cultivate the vineyards, and several other purposes. But the failure of their plot did not discourage them, for they tried to bribe the Counsellors and Goveniors, and the great men at the Court of Persia, that they were a seditious assembly, and were professed enemies to the king, and they continued retarding the work of the temple in this manner till the reign of Darius. And the building was at a stand for about fifteen years, till God, by his prophets Haggai and Zechariah, roused the Companions to renew the building.
" No sooner began the work to revive than the jealousy of their neighbours began to appear. The Governors of Samaria immediately inquired into the authority by which the Companions proceeded. These were not however afraid or ashamed to produce their Charter, aud to give in the names of their Most Excellent Principals and the authors of their work. The Governors, Tatnai and Shetharboznai, hereupon despatched a letter to Darius the king, informing him of what was doing. They reported to him that they had visited the province of Judea, and observed there a magnificient structure raising to the great God whom the Jews worshipped, which was carried on with assiduity and zeal; that^ on inquiring into the authority on which they presumed thus to act, they received for answer, ' That this house, which a great king among them had formerly erected, and for their sins God had sufifered Nebuchadnezzar to destroy, Cyrus had given them a commission to rebuild, and had restored to them, with all the vessels which he had carried to Babylon ; in consequence of which they had proceeded under the direction of Shes- bazzar their prince, and that ever since they had been at work upon it, though, by reason of the interruptions they had met, it was not yet finished.' The Governors begged therefore, that if the King pleased, search might be made in the records respecting the truth of this decree in their favour, and that he would inform them of his pleasure in the matter.
432 THE insTonv op FnEE MAJjoysv,
" Se&rch was made, in oonseqnonce, after Ibe original record in the House of tbo Rolls, und it was found m Acbmetb, tbo sutnraor residence of tbe kings of Babyjon, and it contained uot only a commiadion for building' tbfl houso, but a commacid to the Governors to fumiBb ont of the rOT^enue all necessary materiftla. Darius bereupou, perfectly ttatiefiedt confirmed the edict in iU full extent
'* Upon the (Jcatb of Zernbbabcl, tbe adminiatrfttion, botb of civil and GoclesmBtical afrairs, devolved npon Ezra. But in the twenttetb year of Artaxerxci* Liono;iuonnus, Nehemiahj wbo was one of tbat prince'* cup- bearers, obtained leave to g:o to Jerusalem, wiiL a full commission (as Governor of Jiidea) to repair tbo walls, set ap tbe gates, and fortify tbe city a^in in the same manner aa it bail been before it was dismantled by tbe Bubylt>nian3*
** He for tbat purpose divided hia workmen into companies (more properly Lofij^cSp Cbaptera, and Encampments^ and a Grand Conclave,) assigned to each of them tbo quarter wbore tbey were to work, bat reserved to himself tbo reviewal and direction of tbe wbolot in wbicb he laboored so eiTectually as to complete the work, notwitbstandieg tlio utmost efforts of bis enemies, both within and without the walls, to retard bia dealji^. Nehemiah bad tbe one-balf of his guards continually accoutrodT whilst tbo other half worke<l on the wall, and relieved each other. Every builder bad his sword on his thif^h, and his weapons ready at hand, that at a moment's warning he might be ready. Their priests and rulers also stood behind them to encourage them, and Nehemiah kept a trumpeter near him, that at any approach of danger, on the signal given, they might immediately assemble in a body where be was.
" The pious Nehemiah was the last Governor that the kings of Persia sent to Jerusalem ; after his death the High Priest of Jerusalem acted as Most Excellent Grand Principal of Judea, as well under the Persians as the Greeks and Romans. The Greeks, however, were not much famed for their high taste in the royal art till the time of Thales the Milesian, who was the first that brought geometry, with other great improvements, out of Egypt into Greece ; one of whose pupils was the learned Pythagoras."
APPENDIX.
29
R '
APPENDIX I.
CHARTER GRANTED BY TUE MASONS OP SCOTLAND TO WILLIAM ST CLAIR
OF ROSLIN.
(Prom the Original ; referred to <U pa^e 62, iupra,)
Be it kend till all men be thir present letters ws Deacons Maistres and freemen of the Masons within the realme of Scotland with express consent and assent of W™ Schaw Maister of Wark to our Sou*°® Lord ffor sa meikle as from aige to aige it has been observit amangis that the Lairds of Rosling has over been Patrons and Protectors of us and our priviledgcs likeas our predecessors has obey'd and acknowledged them as Patrones and ^'tectoris while that within thir few years throwch negligence and sleuthfulness the samyn has past furth of rse whereby not only has the Laird of Rosling lyne out of his just rycht but also our hail craft has been destitute of ane patron and protector and overseer (^^ has gonderit manyfauld corruptions and imperfections, baith amangis ourselves and in our craft and has given occasion to mony persones to consevo evill opinioun of ws and our craft and to loive off great enter- prises of policie be reason of our great misbehaviour w*out correction whereby not only the committors of the faults but also the honest men are disapoyntit of their craft and ^ffcit As lyikwayes when divers and sundrie contra versies falls out amangis ourselfs thair follows great and manyfald inconvenicntis through want of ane [Patron and Protector] we not being able to await upon the ordinar judges and judgement of this realmo through the occasioun of our powertic and langsumness of process for remeid q^of and for keeping of guid ordour amangis us in all tymes cumyng, and for advancement of our craft and vocatioun within this realme and furthering of policie within the samyn We for ourselves and in name of our haill brethercne and craftismeu with consent foresaid agrees and consents that W™ Sinclar now of Rosling for himself <k his airis purchase and obtene at y« hands of our Sou*"® Lord libertie fredome and jurisdictioun vpone us and our successors in all tymes cunimyng as patrons and judges to us and the haill l?'fessoris of our craft w*in this realme quhom off we have power and commission sua that hereafter wq
may ncknawlcgf^ him nml Uia Atrie us our patroue and jutlg^ unJer our Soucnino Laril wlUmut oxiy kind of u-ppdiiition t>r Jt^dyriyog^ from hJa judgeujent witli power to tUe a^iiil WiUUuie auU his airii* W Jc^puto Judges ane or nifte undor hiiu mDti to use eick atnpUl and tar^e junsdio- tione QpoTi UA and our succe«9ors aU wcill a^ lnrgli<» as. land as it dhall pleiM our Souerane Lord to gmut to him ^ hh atris
WILLIAM 8CUAW, Mautirof Wai-It Ain>BO Stmsoni Jaoirg IlAutjoirxi
ff^dingiomt^—r^ CAltf'aKLL tnkaiid jr^ burdjnj^ far JoTt. Saw J. V^Live-ff WjittMn AitTuu^r
JMifMfM /fflavfn^-GioKG AiTTOVX Jo. FvurrrsK Thquas Prrrrctur
I>Mit^rrmlinff — Uodkht Put
TiMKA* WviK mojK^ii in Kdr. TtroxAi RoamTtocx wardftno of the Lnd^^Q oi Unut^nnhM^ aii<l 2^A.nct Aufln>iii and tftli^nil the hurdin^ upon him r*r tho hfrlbntji of the M^i«Oii t'rufi wilhiu th**7 hwrfjrea ntiti for tho C'uiTiirtiMMonitrtt ^ftttr iit«»n(ioii4t vix< I) avid Skow«^all ALi£XA]iii>xtt Gil-
KKKT nnrl t^^vjii Spj^>s fnr the LwfJifcr of Snuct An*lmii AMDitrTT Au-
bom: and Arciiiuald A.N>}i»rs Commissionaris lor th' Lu(l;;e of Dwin- ft'rriiliii|^ and KobKiiT Ualzi: of lladdin-toii witli our liandis led on the pen be the notaris uiidervvriiten at our connnandis because we can nocht write
Ita est LArur.NTius RoBrsoUN' iiofarius ])uhlicus ad pripniissi requisitus de gpecialibus niandatis diet, j.ersonaruni seiibere iieseien. u* aserueiiint testan. inanu niea propria
[Ita est] Hknuicus I>a\na[tyne] connotarins ad prendssa [<le niatidatis] antedictaruui perbonarum [scriberc nescientiuin ut ascruorunt tebtej muiui mea propria
APPENDIX II. 437
APPENDIX II.
CUARTER GRANTED BY THE MASONS OF SCOTLAND TO SIR WILLIAM
ST CLAIR.
(Fr<m Vie Original; rtferrtd to atpaget 61, 62, 63, €md 67, tupra.)
Be it kend till all men be thir present letters ws the Peacones Mas- teris friemen of the Maissoties and Hammermen within the kingdome of Scotland That forsameikill as from aidge to aidge it has been observet amangis us and our predecessors that the Lairdis of Rosling has ever been patrons and protectors of us and our priviledgis Likeas our prede- cessors has obeyit reverencet and acknowledget them as patrons and protectors q'of they had letters of protection and vtheris richtis grantit be his Ma**®* most noble progenitors of worthy memorie (\f^^ with sindrie vtheris of the Lairdis of Rosling his writtis being consumet and brunt
in ane flame of fire within the Castle of Hosling in an The con-
sumation and burning q^of being clearly knawin to us and our prede- cessors deacons maisteris and freemen of the saidis vocations, and our protection of the samyn and priviledgis thereof [be negligence] and slouthfulness being likely to pass furth of us where throw not only wald the Lairdis of Rosling lyne out of their just richt but also our hail craftis wald haif bene destitute of ane patrone protector and oversear quhilk wald eugenner monyfald imperfectionis and corruptionis baith amangis ourselves and in our craft and give occasione to mony persones to con- ceive evill opinioun of us and our craft and to leave af many and grit enterpryces of policie whilk wald be vndertaken if our grit misbehaviour were suffered to goe on without correctioun For remeid q''of and for keeping of good ordour amangis us in all time coming and for advance- ment of our craft and vocation within his Hienes kingdom of Scotland and furdering of policie yaireintill the maist pairt of our predecessors for themselves and in name and behalfe of our brctherene and craftsmen with express advice and consent of William Schaw Maister of Wark to Hienes umq*® darrest father of worthy memorie all in ane voce agreit consentit and subscryvet that William Sinclar of Rosling father to Sir William Sinclar now of Rosling for himself and his airis should purches and obtain at the hands of his Majestie libertie freedome and jurisdic- tionn upon us and our predecessors deacons maisteris and freemen of the
niilis VdefttioQf &b pfttrotiw antl ju(lg«i to na and the ItalU pfofoi tbeivof witliiu tb*^ (laul ktngtiom q'i>f tL<iy Wl j>ower aoil commij^ioci «n^ that tlioy atjil w& micht yainifter at^UnowW^ bim anil his airia m fwitrf*n<^ anil ju+i^o unJor our S?ovcrni>o l*or4 wiUiout any kin*l of dpp^l- l&t^on nr rlf^linatonr from thair jadj^nient forever, as the eaid agreement nuhscryvct he tbo saH M*" of W^irk nxnl oar prefleoesaorH at maro length proportlbi In the whilk office pn vilcJ^^e and Junedictioua over ua anO our vaiii [vecaJttouD the saU WilHam SincUr of Ro&liug ever coDtiDuU U> h'Mi going to Ireland ()' he preeeully reamanee sen the qnhtik [time] of h\n departure fuiih of thU realme ihore aro very mutiy corruptionti«f ajiil impcrfectioDDes risen and ingctinorit hu'dh. aiuangi^ oure^jlfin and in (jur sFLidia vocatioQnos in defect of ane p^trone and ovortenr over us and tbe xamyn Sua tbat oar ^idi? vocatiouncs are altogether likely to d«*eay And liow for aafetv thereof wo having full experience of tbeefauld ^^OiA nkili and judgement wbilk the Kiid S^ William Sluclar now of Rosliu^' tiae in our vaid craft and vocatieun aud for reparation of tbo mined and manifold e4)rn»ptioune« and eiioTmities done be nnakilfHlI pereoucj there- iitiill VVb all in aiic voce have ratified and approvea and bo thir pre- Mnti* mtifica and approves the foreeatd fonrter k*tl«r of juriddictloan aod libortie mnde and sub^ hei our hrpthreuL^^nil hifl Hioncs ainq^^ M' of Wark for the time to the said Williarae Sinclar of Roslin": father to the said S^ William whereby he and his airis are acknowled<:et as our patrone and judc^o under our Soverane Lord over us and the haill pro- fessors of our said vocatioun witiiin this iiis liioues kingdom of Scot- lande without an y appelation or declinato*' from their judgements in ony [time hereafter] forever And further wo all in ane voce as said is of new have made constitute and ordainit and be thir presentis niakis constitutes and ordanes the said Sir William Sinclar now of Rosling and his airis maill our only patrones protectors and overseers under our Soverane Lor<l to us and our successors deacons niaisteris and freemen of our saidis vocatiounes of Masons hanmicrmen within the haile king- dome of Scotland and of our haillc privilcdgcs and jurisdictiounes belonging thereto wherein he his father and their j)redecessors Lairdis of Rosling have been in use of posscssioun thir many aidgos bygain with full power to liim and them be themselves thair wardens and deputis to be constitute be them to affix and appoint places of meeting for keeping of good onlour in the said craft als oft and sua oft as need shall require all and sundry persones that may be knawin to be subject to the said vocatioun to be called absentis to amerciat transgressuris to punish unlawes casualities and vtheris duties whatsomever pertaining and belonging or that may fall to be pait be whatsomever personc or |iers«^^>ncs .subject to the said craft to aske crave receive intromet with
APPENDIX II. 439
and uplift aud the samyn to their own proper use to apply deputtis under them in the said office with clerkis seruandis assisteris and all other officers and memberis of court needfull to make create substitute and ordain for whom they shall be holden to answer all and sundry plentis actions and causes pertaining to the said craft and yocation and against whatsomever person or persones professors thereof to hear dis- cuss decern e and decyde acts duties and sentences thereupon to pro- nunce And the samyn to due execution to cause be put and generallie all and sundrie other priviledges liberties and immunities whatsomover concerning the said craft to doe use and exerce and cause to be done and exercct and keipit siklyke and als freely in all respects as any yyeris thair predecessors has done or might have done themselves in anytime bygane freely quietly well and in peace but any revocatiouu obstacle impediment or again calling quhtsomevir In witness of the qlke thing to thir presenttis wtin be Alexander Aikinheid servitor to Andrew Hay wrytter we have sub* thir ^nts with our handis at . . . ^
Hie Ludye of Edinburgh, William Wallace decon John Watt Thomas Patersonk
The Ludge of Glasgow, JoBN BovD deakiu Rot. Botd ane of the mestres
Hew Docok deikon of tho Measounes aud Vrichtis off Ayre and Gkobqe Lid[bll] dcacan of quarimen and nov quartermaster
The Ludge of Stirlinge JoBN Thomsohb James Rind
The Ludge of Dunfemdinge [Robert Alisonb one of the masters of Duiifermling]
The Ludge of *
The Ludge of Dundee Robert Strachoune master Robert Johnstonb Mr of [ ] David Mbsone M' of [ J
Thomas Fleming wardane in Edinburgh and Hugh Forrest with our hands ait the pen led be the notar under sub^ for us at our command because we can- not wryt. A. Hat notarius asseruit
Robert Caldwell in Glasgow with my hand at the pen led be the notar under subecrywand for me because I cannot writt myself J. Hbnrtsonr notarius asseruit
^ [For the probable date, sec remarks thereon in Note 4, p. 52, tupra, — £.J
440
TUS HlftTOar OF FBBK MASONRY.
I Jons 3GmriiT« Mr of ya CVaftta la Stirlitif^ «ith my h&tid alt ye pea leil bo the DoUr under flubscryvand Tor ma because I canDOt writt J. Hb^rtmvk
I JonH BuaicE une of tho airis. of Dumf4?n»lm|> with my band alt the pen lod bo tU(? nour under ftuba^crywa^ud far uae at my eommAiid becaiue I cannot writ myadf J. Ilivataovu notarial aosemit
lUvip RoBCRTBoit ane of yo meateris Awi>nffw WtLsojri master and Tnoma { W JtrsONB Tanlen of the red Lndg of 8ant J^tidrois AvDaRW Wast and D^ltji* C^rrtyrT maisienfi in Duado*^ with oar iinntlB u^tt the |icn l^d be the DoUr u^der eubscryvand nit our commands becausti we caiinot writt Ttioiuft Eo&R&nus DutoriuA aaseruit
APPENDIX III. 441
APPENDIX III.
(From the Original ; referred to at page 53, tupra.)
At Halyrudehouse Edinbargh the xxviij day of December tbe zeir of God I™ V® four scoir awchteoe zeiris.
The Statutis and Ordinanceis to be obseruit be all the IViaister- MaissouDis within this realme sett doan be Williame Schaw Maister of Wark to his Maiestie and generall Wardene of tbe said Craft with the consent of the Maisteris efter specifeit.
Item First that thay obserue and keip all the gade Ordinanceis sett doun of befoir concernying the priviligeis of tbair Craft be thair pre- decessoris of gude memorie^ and specialie That thay be trew ane to ane vthor and leve cheritablie togidder as beconiis swome brother and com- panzeounis of Craft.
Item That thay be obedient to thair Wardeneis Dekynnis and Mais- teris in all thingis concem3ring thair Craft.
Item That thay be honest faithfull and diligent in thair calling and deill uprichtlie w* the maisteris or awnaris of the warkis that thay sail tak ypoun hand be it in task meit k fie or owklie wage.
Item That nane tak vpoan hand ony wark gritt or small quhilk he is nocht abill to performe qualifeitlie vnder the paine of fourtie pundis money or ellis the foart part of the worth and valour of the said wark and that by and attour ane condigne amendis and satisfaccione to be maid to the awnaris of the wark at the sycht and discretione of tbe generall Wardene or in his absence at the sycht of the Wardeneis Dekynnis and Maisteris of the Sheriffdome quhair the said wark is interprisit and wrocht.
Item That na Maister sail tak ane vther Maisteris wark over his heid efter that the first Maister hes aggreit w* the awnar of the wark ather be contract arles or verball conditione vnder the paine of fourtie pundis.
Item That na Maister sail tak the wirking of ony wark that vther Maisteris hes wrocht at of befoir vnto the tyme that the first wirkaris be satisfeit for the wark qnhilk thay haif wrocht vnder the paine foirsaid.
Item That thair be ane Wardene chosin and electit ilk zeir to haif the charge over ovcrie Ludge as thay arc devidit particularlio and that bo the voitis of the Maisteris of the saids Ludgeis and consent of thair
44* THE SlgTOJiy OP FHKB llJJO?tRV.
Wtknletto goncnill gif tio bnj^poniti to W [ir^cfat and vtUerwayts that be who miwtrUi^ th^t etc ^no W^nicnF* U cboam fvir sic aao telr to tbo efr««t KW tbo Wttrdcnr j^cBoniU niuy aead sic Jirdctioas to that WarJooe HAwttt A* cOoiriM.
^ Itkm That na Maisler aalt tak ony ma Prenteissle nor tliro cttmo^ bu lyfotyivt^ w^out ano speciall consont of tie hai!l WarOeneis Dekynm^ bod MiiL^t^nn oi tho ShcritiTdomo qubair tho aaid Pr^Dtoias tbat is to b« ^tttnvit dwcUia and romauia.
Itum Thai na MaUter roaeavo ony Prontoit^ buad fur fewar seiri? aor sevm at the leUt ainl dklyko it sail tiooLt bo Usum to mak the ^d Pr«at49iatf [Irotht^r and Fa)to7*in*Crafi vuto tho tjtue that he half ^f^rmt tho KpcKW of Tthor Foviii £01 nr eftor the i«che of hi« ^aid PfODt{^IasbIt» w'otU ane ipectall licroncr grunttit bo tho WardoncU Uokynuis and MaiAt^ria a^sLinhUt fr^r tbat tniu^ and that sutUcif^iit tryuW he tanc of the worthyitoa f|uatiQi?aliumi« and ^kill of tho prrac^ae that dejsyjj^ to hv maiv] KatlnW'ia-Craft and tbat vador the {»ui[R^ of fonrtie puodis Uj be uptiftit ma ane pcvasiall penallie fra the per^one that U maid Fallow-m^ Craft a^nia thia orJour boj^ydo th« peiialteis to ho «ett doan aganU hia penoDO acco^1yng tr> tho ortlour of the Ladge qnhair be rcmauis.
It£M It aall nooht bo tn«um to na !klat«ter to dell hxa Prcnteisa to ony vthcr M[iTstt*r tirhr zU fu itiHjkJtia w* tho Jteiria of his Proateisabip be Bell- ing y'"of to the Prentoisscs self viidcr the paine of fourtie pundis.
Item Tliat na Maistcr re.<save ony Prcnteii?s wk)ut he siguifie the saniyn to tlio Wanlene of the Liuige (juhair he dwellis to the eflect that the said Prenteissis name and the day of hie rcssavyng may be orderlie buikit.
Itkm That na Prenteis.s he entcrit hot he the samyn ordour that the day of thair entereis may bo buikit.
Item That na iMaister or Fallow-of-Craft ho ressavit nor admittit w^out the nunicr of yix Maisteris and tua entcrit Prenteissis the Wardeno of that Ludge being ane of the said six and that the day of the ressavyng of the s:iid Fallow-of-Craft or Maiatcr he orderlie buikit and his name and mark insert in the said bulk w^ the names of his six admittors and enterit Prenteissis and the names of the intendaris that salbe chosin in eueric persoiio to he alsua insert in tliair buik. Providing alwa^'is that na man be admittit w'out ane assay and suflicient tryall of his skill and worthynes in his vocation and craft.
Item Tliat na Maistcr wirk ony Maissoun wark vnder charge or com- mand of ony vther craftisman that takis vj>oun hand or vpouu him the wirking of ony Maissoun wark.
Item That na Maistcr or Fallow-of-Craft ressave ony cowanis to w^rk in his soeictie (»r cumpanye nor send nane of his servands to wirk
APPENDIX lit. 443
w^ cowanis voder the paina of twentie pondis so often as onj porsono oficnJis heirintill.
Item It sail nocht be Icsum to na enterit Prenteiss to tak odj vther gritter task or wark vpoun hand fra a awnar nor will extend to the summe of ten pundis vuder the paine foirsaid to wit xx lib and that task being done they sail interpryiss na mair w^)ut licence of the Maisteris or Wardeneis quhair thay dwelle.
Item Gif ony questionis stryfe or variance sail fall oat amang ony of the Maisteris Servands or entert Prenteissis that the parteis that fallis in questioan or debat sail signifio the caosis of thair querrell to the per- ticular Wardeneis or Dekynnis of thair Ludge w*in the space of xxiiij hoars vnder the paine of ten pundis to the effect that thay may be recon- cilit and aggreit and thair variance rcmovit be thair saids Wardeneis Dekynnis and Maisteris and gif ony of the saids parteis salbappin to remane wilfull or obstinat that thay salbe deprivit of the privilege of thair Ludge and nocht permittit to wirk y''at vnto the tyme that thay submitt thame selffis to ressoun at the sycht of thair Wardeneis Dekynnis and Maisteris as said is.
Item That all Maisteris interpriseris of warkis be verray carefuU to se thair skaffoldis and futegangis surelie sett and placit to the effect that throw thair negligence and sloth na hurt or skaitli cum vnto ony per- sonis that wirkis at the said wark vnder the paine of dischargeing of thaim y'efter to wirk as Maisteris havand charge of ane wark hot sail ever be subiect all the rest of thair dayis to wirk vnder or w* ane other principall Maister havand charge of the wark.
Item Tiiat na Maister ressave or resett ane vther Maisteris Prenteiss or Servand that salhappin to ryn away fra his Maisteris seruice nor intcrtanye him in his cumpanye efter that he hes gottin knowledge y'of vnder the paine of fourtie pundis.
Item That all personis of the Maissonnis Craft conuene in tyme and place being lawchfuUie warnit vnder the paine of ten pundis.
Item That all the Maisteris that salhappin to bo send for to ony assemblie or roeitting sail be swome be thair grit aith that they sail hyde nor conceill na fawltis nor wrangis done be ane vther nor zit the faultis or wrangis that ony man hes done to the awnaris of the warkis that thay haif had in hand sa far as thay knaw and that vnder the paine of ten pundis to be takin vp fra the conccillars of the saidis faultis.
Item It is ordanit that all thir foirsaids ponalteis salbe liftit and tane vp fra the offendaris and breakaris of thir ordinanceis be the War- deneis Dekynnis and Maisteris of the Ludgcis quhair the offendaris dwellis and to bo distributit ad pios utus accordyng to gudc conscience bo the advys of the foirsaids. And for fulfilling and obscruing of thir
444
THE merORY of free MJlSOlfltY.
or<liDanc«U sett douu ae aaitl is the Itaill Maisteris conuenlt the foirs&iii dfty bindts and obljasea tbaim heirto fftithfullio and tlmirfore he^i recjaois- lit t1i;iir paid Wardcuo g^tieralt to eaWrive thtr pre^eatU w^ bla &irin liaod to the eilect tbat aiio aotootik copy Lcirof may be €tnd to «ari» particular Ludgo w^in this roaJmew
y
APPENDIX IV. 445
APPENDIX IV.
" ACTIS AND STATUTIS" FOR THE GOVERNMENT OP THE SEVERAL " ATRTI8 AND CRAFTIS" IN THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND.
(From an eld Minute-Book of Lodge A {tchuon*t Ilantn,)
At Falkland tbe Twentie-soxt day of October J™ vj and Tbrettie- sex yeiris
The qubilk day in ane melting baldin be Sir Anthonie Alexander Genorall Wardeno and M' of Work to bis Majestie of tbe Kingdome of Scotland of certane persounes Artificereis and Craftismen of tbe Craftis and Airtis restine vndirwrittin for ordour takeing witb tbe bulks and abusses committit in the saidis Craftis and Airtis and reformelng of tbe samen be establiscbclng of sucb protesiis as tbairby bis Majesties lelges may not be prejud;L'eit be anie of tbe saidis Artificicrs or Craftismen in tbe discbairge of tbair saidis Craftis or Airtis and qubairby tbey may leivc tbe more peiceablie among tbameselffis in tyme cuming and tbe said Sir Antbonio Alexander Generall Wardene and M' of Work for- said cftir conference witb tbe saidis Artieficiers k Craftismen rcsolveit vpoun tbe Actis and Statatis following bis Majesties auctoritie intir- ponit tbairto
In tbe first it is tbougbt meit tbat tbalr sal be establiscbeit companies of tbe Airtis and Craftis of Masonns Vrlcbtis Sbipvricbtis Cowpers Glassinvricbtis Paintoris Plumberis Sclaittonrs Plaistereris and vtberis Airtieficeris of Buildingies in Ilk convenient plaice of tbe baill Kingdome of Scotland qubair tbair is na establiscbeit companies be liberties k seills of causs alredie ilk companie being be tbameselvcs to tbe number of twentie persounes tbat unioun and concord may be kclpit amangis tbame ; qubilks companies to bo sua establiscbeit sail bave power to take assayis and tryell of tbe qualieficatiounes of all tbe salds Airtis and Craftis tbairof and being fund qualiefiet and of guid lyff and qualiefica- tiouns to admitt tbame M" of tbe saids Airtis and Craftis to tbe effect tbe persounis to be sua admitted may serve bis Majesties lelges In all tbese palrtis of tbe said kingdome quban tbair is no privieledgelt companies alredie qubilks admissiounes sail be alwayis roput lawfull baveing ye ap-
pfotAtioun cf «n M^ of M&sw)UDe« to the admbivtouD uf Uk M^ Mown^ aox M"^ of Vrichtie to the liUmiHuioun of ilk utio Vriclt, i^ti M" uf fthipvricUtia to tl*o »Umitoi<>uii yf Ilk ShipvTiubtr tw;i M^' of Cawpens to Itio atlmieaioun of ilk C^wpcr twa M*^ nf GlfUfinuvricbtia to iljo arlimssioiiii c>f ilk GbMinvrielit and tw:i porsouuH ]\t" of ilk afio of tho j^aiDo vttuT Cmftie to th« rulnii^iouu of M^' of tho eamq Airtia nnd Cmftis r<w|>octive tiiicl gif daft^ctn of the aaltls numbon;? of M'" of tlio ifi ^mcT^kU ootnp&uloa aall U? tben tlio uiit 4iljuc«)Dt companies mJI »upp)[o tbe «&taen dcf^ctlvo and timt OT^crio piirtioukr admtwiouit of tlie 8amo Cmflis rcvpcctive n&\i ho buikit in thr^ir «cvera]1 cooipnuie^ buikn cont^itiitig tbo dny iinil pliitcn of tbo etivaa lulmisaiouti Tbo Dame« itf ihfi pcnoitn* mlmitturU witb tht^ u:imoii of tbi^ por^POTi admitted atid Airt qubtiir vnto he h ajhmiiGil For tbt? ifiiLilka itdmjasionna ilk persoun to be 8ua aUmktod aaII pay ibo fsoumo of tbrettio pandit Scottis money ^ubnln^f tbe eqaall half V> tbfl ^ general] Wardaoc and tho vtber ^t^uall hciltfof th(? KitfiO to tbc box of tho Mida aotnpanic^
Ii'|;m For tbe ^iid of bia Majestiw higii& and weill of tbo eaida Airtia Uk Hevenill companies to be flua oBtftblieoboit sail hnve power yeirlio from yoir to yoir in all tynio ciimi»g to elect and cbtiiae out of ilk ano of tbe same compauies auo laalFkcioDt diacreit qu&lietict peraoun of guid lyff knawledgo and vndorfltanding of anie une of the foiraamoit Craftis to be tliair Wardanc Ovirsman or Deacono quha and everie ane of tliamc sail have power to supprcs all vilanes vnqualiefiet aud vna(lniitto<l pcrsoiinis Vburpcri.s of the ^aids Craftis with the takeinn- of bribes with viisiifKcient works of all sorts of false deceitfuU mcitt- ingis of Moas'Hins belonging to any of the saids Airtis and repairing all pairties interest of all wrongis to be committit als weill to be done be any of the saids Craftis ilk ane of thanie to vtheris to ym- ployiers and owncris of works as of the saids Craftis ilk ane of tbanie to vtheris conforme to equitie and to collect all fynes and vnlawes to bo ynipo it vpoun ye contniveineiris of yc Actis sett donn or to be sett doun bo ye said Gcnei-all Wardanc with consent of thair conipauies and tho said Deacono or Warden to bo sua electit bo the saids com- panies his name to be given up yeirlie to the said Generall Wardanc and to bo coniptabill to him and his deputis of the equall half of all vnlawis and vtheris to be coUcctit be him and of the dischairge of bis office and the vther half of the sameu vnlawis to the box of the saids companies
Itkm Tho said Ovirsman Wardanc or Deacone to be sua electit at bis electioun in the said olHce sail sweir and protest befoir God that be sail administrat his ofHco during his abyding yrintill truelie lawfullie and witb bis honest ductie and diligence yrintill but foid or favor of any persouu
(
APPENDIX IV. 447
Item Evirie Compauio of the saids Craftis to be establischeit as said is sail havo power of electiving of ane Box Master of any personn of thair said companio from yeir to jcir and the custodie of thair sl^ box and mony yerin to be intrustit in his hands being ane responsable man quha sail be anserabil] for his intromissionis thairwith to the remanent of the companie and to be distributit as thoy sail think expedient
Item That no persoun or persounis be admitted Mastoris of any of the saids companies hot sic as have serveit and past ther prenteisship in the saids Craftis and gyf he be fund to have bought doun any of the tyme of his indentor or yit not serveit the spaice yairof albeit he have his M'* dischairge he also sail not be ressaveit and admittit ane Master
Item That no admittit M" tak any Prcnteiss for fewre yeires nor the number of seavin yeires and his Master sail give him nane doun thairof nor any fie all the said tyme vnder the pane of ffourtie punds mony fors^ the equal! half q'of to appertein to the 81^ Generall Wardane and the vther eqnall halff to be givin to the box of the companie
Item That no admitted Masteris tak any Prenteiss bot ane ilk thrie yeiris ane at the maist and that onelie gif ho be tollcrated be his com- panie sua to doe quhilk is wished be sundrie that Masteris sould content thamesolfiis with ane Prenteis ilk seavin yeirs onlio and gif he obteyn the said consent and tolleratioun of his companie at any tyme within the 8^ spaice of seavin yeirs to accept ane vther Prenteis he sail pay for the samen consent and tolleratioun fourtie schillingis money by and attoure the buiking silvir of the 8^ Prenteis and gif ho contravein this ^nt Act he sail pay ane vnlaw of ton pnnds toties quoties the eqnall half q''of and of the saids tolleratioun and buiking silver sail pertein to tlie s* Generall Wardane and the vther halff to the box of the companie
Item Thair sail be ane generall correspondence amangis the saids haill Trades and Craftis at all occasiounis that ilkane companio may assist ane vther in his haill effairs sic as gif inquyrie be maid for any fugitive Prenteis or Serveand the companie with quhom the said fugitive salbe fund sail signifie the samen to the inqnyrer that he may repair it or put the said fugitive in waird quhill ather his last Master cum or send for him or he suld cum homo or returne to his said Master
Item It sail not be leisum to any Master to tyse or seduce ane vther Maistcris Prenteis or Serveand nor resseit nor fie thame without thair M" leive nather zit accept of any Prenteis or Serveand in thair com- panie and service vntill he schaw ane testimonial! of his !il)eratioun from his last M^" quhomo he last serveit or from the Deacone Wardane or Ovirsman of the said companie that ho is ane frie Serveandman and gif the s^ Prenteis or Serveand be fund to l>e a fiet man the acceptor of him sal! dismiss him from his work or send him l)ack to his auld Master
i>r put htm to iripttd <{ulu1] nthor Iiim In^t M^ cum or ^cud for him or be 6o(l ctiutioaa to roturao to hxa Kiid auld Master to perfonno his <*ondi- tiOQiis to biui aiiii ibo cotilmveiner therof or auy point of the pc^wwiu sail pay and vdI&w of tw^ntio pandU mony by au4 &ttimro tbe rovtore- itig of tl*rr pairtic interest the ct^wull halfffinhairof f^all apportoiu to tho if^ fifjncrull Witr^K^o aud tho vtJutr r*]tinll huItT to the box of the cotti*
Item That uo Ma^teria tab auy Pr«iitd«Hti«) ut «Ut qubtlu be firut fto^iiaot tb« Deacone Wonlcu or Ovirsmati of his compete tbftt the said Wanlono and hia companro mny try f|tiEiithor tbo j?^ Maiater be of ^btlitio nnd sipt for Grluratinijn and men toi nance of ano PrePt^is or not and hmtig fund of nblHtio and aptnoei fors^ sail bo pcrmittU tind hc\ag fund vlhcrwaym vn;ibill and vimpt ttmirto disrtitLrgoit tbuirfm
It KM For kot ping uf utjjitie ttnU cont-^ord aman^^U the bailt Airtts and CrafttsmoD n)l pcr^ouna t^uba ar to crarc^ tbcbeDeftt of being aao Mmst^ in hU airt anil drEst be reconceillit to all tbo«o h\n Brotbcrin i|uhom he bos auy wayie ofToDdit nnd diligent incjayrio sail \ie had tliairancnt that no mnn bare anything to lay to hii^ cbairge and jpf be bo fund to hav^e done txm'is ho ^l redrae and £atu36e tbo pairtio interest befor ho got! hi^s adndnoioun
Itex That all M** of tbe aaid^ Airtis of (hifi kin^idotne cjuhair tho saids privioledgcit companies ar not sail within the spaico of fyftein dayis eftir the niakcing of the Indentors biiik their Prenteisses with thair Scrvands and Jomaynien in the Craftis buiks of thair companie and the entries of the Prenteisses to be onelie reput fra the date of thair buikingis and the Prentciss sail pay the soume of fourtie echillingis quhairof to the b'^ Generall Wardane the equall halff and the vther equall halff to the box of the companie with vj s viij d to the Clerk and the soume of xx s for the Journayman or Serveand to be devydit in nianer fors'^ with four schillingis to the Clerk
Itkm That the haill M" of evirie companie sail con vein be thame- seltfis in the plaices to bo appointed to thame quarterlie or at the least once in the yeir for clectioun of thair Wardenes or Ovirsmen and Box M' and takeing compt of thair vnioun boxis chairges and dischairges thairof vplifting of fynes and vnlawcs admissiounes of M^ and all vther busienes belonging to the s'^ Craftis ilk persoun absent at the clectioun of Ovirsmen Box M" and makeing of comptis foure punds money of vnlaw and at vther tymes being warnit thairto ten schillingis of vnlaw to be equallie devydit as s** is
Item In all causis belonging to the saids Craftis it sail not be leiaum to any Master for ony wrong committit betuix M^ and M*" and M' and Servands to seik justice at any Judgis hands hot att the hands of the
APPENDIX IT. 449
Ovirsman Wardens or Deacones of the companies or of the Generall Wardane and his Deputtie quhairin gif any be fund to contravein the contravcincr sail pay ane vnlaw of ten punds money to be equallie devydit in maner foirsaid
Item That ilk ane admittit Master of the ynprivieledgeit companies nllowit to be establisehoit sail pay yeirlie xiij s iij d money to be equal] ie devydit in mauer forsaid
Item Qnhen any Master salhappin to work out of that pairt of the countrie quhair he wes admittit ane Master then ho sail be lyabill to the actis of the companie quhair he sail resid and work for the tyme and bulk himself in the s^ companies buiks And the s^ M' for himself and his Servands sail pay thairfoir fourlio schillingis money to be equallie devydit in maner fors*^ with the Clerks dueties forsaids quhilk sail serve for thair friedome in that pairt in all tyme thaireftir
Item Quhen any Serveand sail happin to cum and work out of that pairt of the cuntrie quhair he was first buikit Serveand then he sail be lyabill to the actis of the companie quhair he sail resid and work for the tyme and buik himself in the s^ companies buiks and the sl^ Ser- veand sail pay thairfoir tucntie schillingis to be equallie devydit in maner fors^ with the Clerkis deuties fors^ qulk sail serve for his bulking in that pairt in all tyme thaireftir
Item It sail not be leisum to quhatsumevir M'^ of the saids Airts to work conduis or aggrie with all M" of Work for any mae works or airtis bot sua far as it concemis tham allenairly and Craftis allenarlie vndcr the paino of ane vnlaw of threttie punds mony by and attoure the dischairgeing of thame from the work quhilk vnlaw salbe devydit in maner fors^
Item That na Master sail tak ane vther Masters work over his held eftir that the first Master hes aggreit with the awner of the work ather be contract airles or verball conditiouns vnder the paine of ane vnlaw of the fourt pairt of the pryce to be gottin for the s^ work it being alwayis probable and knawin to the s^ last taker of the samen the fors^ vnlaw to be equallie devydit as s^ is
Item That na vnadmittit persoun of quhatsumever of the s^ Airtis sail tak any work in hand or vnttrcd the samen or tak Prenteissis or Serveands vntill they be admittit ane Master in ane companie and vntill the quhilk tyme he sail onolie be reput ane Serveand the alredie ad- mittit and to be admitted M'^ of the frie establischeit companies of certano privieledgeit companies of certane of the frie Burrowis being exceptit
Item That na Master sail take the working of any work that vther M" hes wrought at of befoir nor serve that ane M' vpoun no conditiouns
30
vntill tii« tyme UiiLt tli« firbt work^re tie mtitf^rit for tbe wmrk qnbilk Lbej- have wT&fi^^lit for TtiJor Uio pjiinfl *>f fcx pur*!* by nntl nttoqro tbo <ii** chairgomg bim fi^^m the ft'^ work ^^ntllJ tho ^"^ f cornier M jester \jr |«jit All*] tbo £*• vTilnw to he c;(]IUl]Hc ilrvydit in utuner forn*
Ite« Tbc *^ ct>mpADicH t>f the frW Durrowm qtibii bavcr ftlredlo e^ulv Uvcbfiit gaid ordore ho ihair liboiiic? and scDU of can«<3 salt tak tryell of itsmyU of tbo **^ Artieiiciers of the snjds Craftifl duellitig an<i r^ diili*itt^ nixi adJtLceikt tbairto gif tboM f creouDeft desjre lo bo adtnittHl bo ih&niQ &Dd tboy bem^ fund t^uatieiiGt and of ^u<l \yff to adtnttt tbftm<» mto tbo «'* Craftia that Ibcy mny work and wrre bis Maje6ti<« [eigtB witbi>ut ib.'iir liberties m all tbcrse vnpriviefe^lgeit plaices of ttii« kingdomo tbey paying and p<<tfoniicii]g to tbo a^ Genorall Wai^aue bti nlfoted deuti^ to be re^^aveit from tbo ^^ds pcrdoupe^ to be sua mlmittod and doing and pcrformeinfi^ tbe vther deiitte« cooleinit in tbo a1>ouo rchrarffit ArtidcJt fm^ far a« the i^men may be extendit to tbc ^tablteobcinont to bo maid tbairanctit pro tunto tbe doing and pcrfortnc- in^ quhairof eall nowayxH be prejudlciatl to tbair former libertiea
Item BeoinAo certane uf tlie frie [^urrowi^ have diverge gud ortiers and liberties al]v?die esitaUiArbeit bo adtls ofntaasand tbairfor tbe e^frie Oisttibliacboit oompamea of tbe Barrowis vail nowayie be subject to tbik saidtt prior Actis yrof tbey to keip n1! ibnir utiticiotit bbortif's fpdii^k s^W nowayis be interrupted nor inipedit be the s*^ Gencrall Wardene within the bounds of thair seills of causs and gif they sail work and resid furth thairof in ony vther companies bounds then tliey sail onelie pay for thainesclfhs and thair Servands fourtie schillingis niony to be equallio dovydit in uiancr fors*^ q^^ sal) serve for thair friedome in that pairt in all tyme yreftir.
APPENDIX V. 451
APPENDIX V.
MINUTES ACCEPTING AND APPROVING OF TDE PRECEDING " ACTIS.**
(From iJie before-mentioned Minuie-Book of Lodge AiichUon*t ffaven.)
At AtchesoDS Hearin the foartein day of Jannar the year of God J"^ vj threttie and seyin yeares
The ryt hono^ Sir Anthonie Alexander waredin to his Ma^*and generall M>^ of Work in Scotknd and the Meassouns of the said Ludge of AtchiesoDs Heavin undersubscryveand being convenit at place foirsaid annent the subscryving and accepting of the haill beforewrittin Actis
An. Alexander Mester of Worke
Thoma Aytoine Wirden
Dauid Low Deikeu
William Aytoune
James Vbtherspone
James Litdgow
Patrik Pringille
Adamb Calderuode
Mathew Wetherspone
William Aytoune James Petticruife Williams Low
^
Jodne Hysloppb
us
THE aidTO»Y OF FREK UABONnY.
millofiimo seioutosimo ct trlgesioio Dctuvo
Tnic q^^dfvjr compoiril porsouRllie y[* Harib Alex« g«nenll waJrcltn ihtiil M'^ of Work to Wis Ma,'*" wtio Uiia kingflom^ of Scotland ajid aue competent namber of Mohmogs of the I*U(!gc of AitcUosoaea Hcivin and cOer conference betiiixt the t^aiJ JI" uf Work and Measoit^ foir- aaidfl both tho flald pairties M'^ and Ludgo did approve the haill Actia prcccidiiig c^utoin^l in this hook Aud ali^o tlio buida pairties did aod do^ ad mitt be thir ^nt^ Georgo Aytoun Clerk Janioei Withorspoon© D<*aconp Burgess of Mussclbur* tun Jamc;! Pettiecrnif Wairdin Deput induidler ia IVeetoun Paiins Clerk Deacoue and Wairdin Dcpatt untill the ordinarie tyii>e of excbange of the eaid^ Pcacoao and Wairdin rsit and woat of hofoir and uo lithorwayiia rtovyHing allwayes tbat the said George Aytoune Clerk aboue deeigoit bo nawayis dischair^eit of bia foirwtid otiico of clcrksrhnp to thr vtiid Ludgo of Aituhicsona Ii<^viu ditratj viti vol! ad culpam QuliAirupoun the foirtMiidf} thrie pereohoft Clerko Deacoon aud Waitdin Deput did give tbair uathee do fidcJj admini^tratiouno
HltirAIB Alexaitdkh^ Maxtor of Worke>
^ [Sir Anthony Alexander, mentioned in the preceding pages, was the second son of William, Earl of Stirling, and died at London in August 1637, or within seven months of his subscribing the foregoing Minute. Henry, above designed, was the third son of William, Earl of Stirling, and succeeded, on the death of his nephew, to that title, aa third Earl of Stirling, in the year 1G40. — E.]
APPENDIX VI.
453
APPENDIX VI.
CHARTER OP TRANSMISSION.
(Referred to at pages 87-89, tupra.)
^.|.
im
S.S.
/\
Ego Frater Johannes-Marcus Larmenius, HierosoljmitaDns, Dei gratia et Secretissimo Venerandi Sanctiseimique Martyris, Supremi Templi Militia) Magistri (cui honos et gloria) decreto, conimunt Fratram CoDsilio confirmato, saper uniyersum Templi Ordinem Sammo et Sapremo Magis- terio insignitus^ singulis has decretales litteras visaris Salutem, Salatem, Salatem.
Notam sit omnibas tarn prsesentibus quam futuris^ quod deficientibus, propter extrcmam setateniy viribus, rerum angustia et gubernacali gravi- tate prepensis, ad majorem Dei gloriam, Ordinis, Fratrum et Statatorum tutelam et salutem ego, supra dictus, humilis Magister MilitisD Templi, inter yalidiores manus Supremum statuerim deponere Magisterium.
Idcirco, Deo juvante, unoque Supremi Conventus Equitum consensu, apud eniinentem Commendatorom ei carissimum Fratrem, Franciscum- Thoniam-Theobaldum Alezandrinum, Supremum Ordinis Templi Magis-
454 mK inrronr op fusr habomiv* ^1^1
teriutD, anctontfttem ^t privilogja ootitolt, ct hoc pnesenti decreto pro TitA confoTo, onm poteflUtei aecuDdum temporis ot reruiu I^j^cBj Frutri alterl^ inaiitutioma at ingcnit noMIitate morunit^uo hon estate prutst&Q^ ti««Li]iO| Sumnium el Supivmuxii OrUinU Tcmpli M4giflt«niiin summam- que ntictontAtem coof-enfuJi, Quod sic, od perpctiiitatein M^igi^teril, «uoGe«»i>riim dod iutorsectAm eerictti et Statutnrum inie^iUtom tueoda^ Jabeo tam^n at non tranflmitti jtoflsit Magieteriuio, Bine coDiniUitoDuiD TempU Couvonine Ot^nomlis oonsoiisti, quotios colljgi Y&luerit Supremna iff to CoDVQDtus ; et) rebus ita oese babeDtilas, eucccsaor ad tiutum Eif ul^ turn oligattir.
No atttom tanga^scant Supromi Officii ijjanem, sint nunc ei perenni- U>t i\n^tuoT ^tiprtm\ Magiintri Vicatiit tpupromam pote«<tait^ui, eiiituoottn-m 6t auctunlattrm, super univgrvnm Unlinatn, aalvo juro Saprcmi ^lagbtri, iiabcatAa ; ()^ui Viourti Maglatn itptid saniores secundum prafoe«ioals toritin, ellgHutur* Qu^d Statu turn a oomuicndato niihi ct FmtHhiui voto Mcrosancti eupra dkti Vtriorandi Boatte«iiniqiio Maestri do^H, Mar- tins (cui honoe ot gloria) Amen,
KgQ doTiiqtiCj Ftatrum Sup rem i ConvciDtus docretOj e suprema miUt oommttfsa uuctontiit^'f Scoto* Tamplario^ OrdinU de^ertorea, auatheoiato percufi^ou, il1o!)<jU4j t^t KratnM S»noti Joliannid Hienao\ytnmf dotnintorum MiIiti;L'spoliatorcs((juil)usapud Deum misericordia) extra giruni Templi, nunc ct in futuruni, volo, dico et jubeo.
Signa, ideo, pseudo-Fratribus ignota et ignoscenda constitui, ore commilitonibns traden<la, et quo, in Supremo Conventu, jam tradere modo placuit.
Quid vero signa tantuniniodo pateant post debitam professioneni et equcstrcm consecrationeni, secundum Tompli commilitonum Statuta, ritus et usus, aupni dicto eminenti Commendatori a me transmissa, sicut a Vencrando ct Sanctissimo Martyre Magiatro (cui honos ct gloria) in nicas manus babui tradlta. Fiat sicut dixi. Fiat. Amen.
Ego JoiiANNEs-MARcrs Laumexii s dedi, die decima tertia februarii 1324.
Ego FuANciF( rs-TiioMAs-TiiEonALDUs Alexandrims, Deo juvaute, Supromum Magisterium acceptuni liabeo, 1324.
Ego AuNrLpm 8 1)e Bhaqi e, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptuni babco, 1340.
Ego Johannes Clauomontanus, Deo juvante, Supremum Magis- terium acceptuni babco, I34f).
Ego HEHTRANnrs DKiiEscLiN, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptuni babco, 13.">7.
APPENDIX VI. 455
Ego Johannes Arminiacus, Deo juvante, Supremom Magisterium acceptam habeo, 1381.
Ego Bbrnardus Arminiacus, Deo juvante, Sapremum Magisterium acceptam habeo, 1392.
Ego Johannes Arminiacus, Deo juvante, Sapremam Magisteriam acceptum habeo, 1419.
Ego Johannes Croyus^ Deo javante, Supremum Magisterium accep- tum Labeo, 1451.
Ego RoBERTUs Lenoncurtius, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptum habeo, 1478.
Ego Galeatius de Salazar^ Deo juvaute, Supremum Magisterium acceptum habeo, 1497.
Ego Philippus Chabotius^ Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptum Labeo, 1516.
Ego Gaspardus de Salciaco, Tayannensis, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptum Labeo, 1544.
Ego Uenricus de Monte Morenciaco, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptum habeo, 1574.
Ego Carolus Valebius, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium accep- tum habeo, 1615.
Ego Jacobus Ruxellius de Grancio, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptum habeo,'1651.
Ego Jacobus- Henric us de Duro Forti, dux de Duras, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptum habeo, 1681.
Ego Philippus, dux Aurelianensis, Deo juvante, Supremum Magis- terium acceptum habeo, 1705.
Ego LuDovicus-AuGusTus BoRBONius, dux du Maine, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptum habeo, 1724.
Ego LuDOYicus - Henricus Borbonius Condceus, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptam habeo, 1737.
Ego Ludovicus Franciscus Borbonius-Conty, Deo juvante, Supre- mum Magisterium acceptum habeo, 1741.
Ego Ludovicus-Hercules-Timoleo de Cosse-Brissac, Deo juvante, Supremum Magisterium acceptum habeo, 1776.
Ego Claudius-Math^us Radix de Chevillon, Templi senior Vicarius Magistri, adstantibus Fratribus Prospero-Maria-Petro-Michaele Cbarpentier de Saintot, Bernardo- Ray m undo Fabre-Palaprat, Templi Vicariis Magistris, et Johanne-Baptista-Augusto de Courchant, Supremo Pra}ceptore, hascc litteras decretalcs a Ludovico-Hercule-Timoleone de
496
THE rriBTOHV OF Fftl» UASONBT.
Frutri Jacobo-PlMlippo Ledm, TempU e^nion Vicario Magijrtro tntdidi, ut i^tai litteifi^ in tempore opportuuo, a<l perpetuam Ordlnis noetri hm- moriam, juxta rittim (voyc* le Ritael levitique) OrieBUlem, vigeant : Dei dccioift Juitii 1804*
Ego [tKR^Aiairs* RAYMirM>r9 FABBK-pALArftAT, Doo juvanU^, Supfprnmii MagisteriuDi acceplum Labeo : Die 4U&rU Novembria 1801*
APPENDIX VII. 457
APPENDIX VII.
ANE NARRATION OF THE FOUNDING OP TDE CRAFl' OF MASONRY^ ANl> BY WHOM IT HATH BEEN CHERISHED.
[This document, now printed, it is believed for the first time, is fomid in the archives of some of the older Lodges, quaintly expressed and with every variety of orthography. The following, which is the best rendering of any of the originals that has been met with, is a comparatively modem tran - scription of one of these, which bears evidence of having been written in the early part of tlie 17th century, and is still in beautiful preservation. It is almost unnecessary to add that it is here given chiefly on account of its rarity. — E.]
O Lord God ! the Father of Heaven, With the power of His glorioas Son, and the Holy Ghost, which are Three Persons in one God- head, be with us at our bcgiDniDg, and give ns grace so to govern us in oar living that wo may come to the bless that never shull have an ending. Amen ! So mote it be.
Good Brethren and Fellows, — My purpose is to tell you in what sort and manner this worthy craft of Masonry was first founded, and afterward how it was maintained and upholden by worthy kings and princes, and many other worshipful men ; and also to them that are here we will declare then the Charges that belongs to every true Mason to keep, for it is ano worthy Craft, — a vertuous science, — it being one of the seven liberall sciences, and these be the names of them : —
The first is Grammar, which teachcth a man to speak truoly and write truely.
The second is Rethorick, which teacheth a man to speak fair subtill tcarms.
The third is Diulection, which teachcth a man to discern and know truth from falsehood.
The fourth is Arithmetick, which teacheth to reckon and count all manner of numbers.
The fifth is Geometry, which teacheth the mett and measure of the earth, of which is Masonry.
The sixth science is Munich, which teachcth to sing, and the voice of the tongue, organ, and harp.
p
iS6 TUB in^TOItY OF PRES MABOXSIT.
Tho Mivc^ntb 18 A^tronomjft wLicl teacljetb tLo cvurao of tUo aua^ inoon, itnd num.
Theao »re the aovon liberalJ actence«t wLtcb a« &I1 foun^Ioti upon one ecicnco, wbich ia callc*! Geometry ; tbii* may you jir(>?« timt all tbe Mcioncna iu tbo world ttiH? foumlvil on tlji* science of Geonii^try^ for it teucb«»tb Difftt Knil uieaaur&, punilunition an<l woigtit in dl tnrvnncir of kiml oti eartb, t^uj tlier« m ito lU&n tliftt ^urk^ tb rttjy emft but work^th it by some mett or lueAeurQ^ nor ie tbe^^' auy amu tbttt buyo ur &c\\s but asetb moruuTo or wcigbt, all which belongs to Geometry ; and by tbt4 cmftiritL^Mj and mt^rebanb dott llnd eil) the other t»x aeienoed, and esp^ otally tbf) ploiTLiieu aud tUlvrtt tif u^U miirmt^r of ^^mins, both corn, ^ed«, Tjnes, ivnd plant^t and ^ottera of othtif fruitd, ctiuiiut p^ow^ ttll, settj or eowe, without <teometry ; for a>itn>uomy aod at! the reat of tbo libenUl Bcienccd cnnnot fliiil out a man uiCftsure and mett witbout it; tb€r«- fur thut Ncieiicn tuny bo ckllod tnojit worthy of ail Miencas wUicb can 6ud both mott uttd meaisaro io all tbo rcat
If you aitk how this wort]iy science was hej^n I shall tell yoo* BefoM tb** ilmid tjf Noah there was a man called Lamecii. Lameeb iliUwI hi« QTHAi jrTaodfathor with ano arrow, as tho Scripture teetifycib ^
in the fourth chapter of Genesis ; and this Lamech had two wives, the name of the one was Adah and the name of the other Zilhili. By his first wife Adah he begat two sons, the name of the first was Jabal, and the name of the other was Jibal ; and by the other wife Zillali he had a sun called Tubal-Cain, and a daughter named Naamaii ; and the said four chiMren found tlio beginning of all crafts in the world. This eldest son Jabul found the craft of (ieomctry, and departed with flocks of sheep, and in the fields ho lirst wrought a house of stone and timber. Cain built a city before Jabal was burn, as witnesseth the chapter above said ; and his brother Jubal found the craft or art of Musick. The third brother Tubal-C'ain found out the craft of the Smith, to work in gold, silver, copper, iron, aiid steel ; and the sister Naamali found out the craft of Weaving : And these childreii knew that (rod would take vengeance for sin either by lire or by water; whercfor they did write their sciences which they had found upon two pillars of stone, that they might be found after that God had taken vengeance j and the one stone was marble, that would not burn with tire ; and the other stone was lettresse, that would not drown in water.
Now here it retpiires to tell you how these two stones were found that the crafts were written on, after the destruction of the world by Noah's flooii.
APPENDIX VII. 459
The great Herniarines, that was Aschor his son^ that was the son of Shem, the sou of Noah, — that son Hermarines, afterward called Hermes, the father of wise men, he found out the two pillars of stone, and found out the sciences thereon written, and taught them to all other men.
And at the building of the Tower of Babylon, the king who hight NiMROD, was a Mason himself, and loved well the Craft, as witnesseth the mystery of stories. And when the city Niniveh, and other cities of East Asia should be built, this Nimrod, King of Babylon, sent thither three score Masons at the desire of the king of Niniveh, his cosen : And when they went forth he gave them a Charge on this manner, ** That they should be true every one of them to another, and that they should live truely together," by which they might have worship from his cosen the king of Niniveh ; and further, he gave two Charges concerning their science, and the first was, '* That every Master Mason should have charge of his work and Craft :" And this was the first time that ever Mason had any charge of his Craft.
Moreover, when Abraham, and Sarah his wife, went into Egypt, they were taught; and had a worthy schollar whoso name was Euclide, who learned very well, and became master of the seven liberall sciences* And it befell in his days that the lords and great estates of these quar- ters and dominions had so many sons that they had not competency of lands and yeards to find their children, for which they made much care. And the king of the land, considering their poverty, called a council together, and caused a parliament to be holden ; the greatest of his interest was to know how their children should be maintained, and they could find no way unless it were by good science or cunning ; where- upon he caused mak a proclamation throughout his realm that if any man could inform them in good art or cunning he should come unto them, and be well contented for his pains. After this proclamation was made this worthy Euclide came and said to the king and lords. If you will intrust your children to my government I shall teach them the seven sciences, whereby they may live honestly and like gentlemen, upon this condition, that you will grant me a commission to have power and rule over them, according as the science ought to be ruled ; and upon this covenant I will take charge over them. The king and his council granted the same, and sealed their condition ; and this worthy Doctor took to him these lords' sons, and did teach them the science of Geometry in practice, to work in all manner of worthy work that should belong to building of castles, manners, churches, and all other manner of buildings ; and he gave them their Charge, first, *' That they should be true to the king and lords, or masters that they
460
THB KISTOHY OF FSKB MASaNHY*
I ; ftnd should love every one another ; &nd be tmo to ono aootber ; and abound ciiU eocli one anotber KeUow, and not eerTanta, or kn^ve, or any fiucb f^ee< nitiue ; and nboald trxiety serre for their w:&gee of tlieir mastoro thnt th^y ««irve ; and tbat they should onUin the wia1^et of thorn to be mo^tcr^ of the lorilo and umptcre worki* j an*! that neUhor lord, or any grvtit man, or of grout living or riches^ nbould make or ordtim any auoU i^ man to histir rulo which hatli hut emtill cnnniii^^ whorchy the ownor of the work should ho evil eerved und th<ini solves uhnn^cd t^f thorr work nian«i hip ; and to call the goyemour of tho \rork ntaator whil« they work to him T nnd many other Char^^ which are too Jon^ to iaU : Ami to all the Char^^c^ ho nmdo tliom swcat the great oath that mou )3»f^d &i that tlmo, aud ordiiinod Ihtsva reiuronablo wages, thnt tiieron]ion they mi^^ht lire bonestly ; and niao that they should inotrt and Aflwmblo together once every yewr, th.tt tlioy mij*ht tako counsel In tho Craft how thoy might bemt wi>rl« to Btirv^tho JorJ and master whom thoy nerve, for hiii profit and their own honesty, and correct thcmtfclvca if they had trv»i>a«8od, — and this wa« the craft of Geometry, which now ia ealled Masonry.
Si th oner, long after, when the ehtldren of Israel were coming' iota the Land of Promise^ that is now called Kmones, ia the oountry of Jeru- Ralem, Kini? 1)avii> ht^^^An tho Teinfile, that U Tetnplnm Domini, and is named the Temple of Jerusalem. King David loved Masons, and cherished tliem, and gave them good payment, and Charges in manner as tlicy lia«l in Egypt given by Kuclide, and other Charges more, that you shall afterward hear. An<l after the death of King David, Solomon, his .son, linished the foresaid Temj)le that his father had heguu ; and he sent for .Masons from diverse lands and countries, and gathered them together, so that he had twenty four thousand Masons, and made four thousand of tlu in nnstcrs and governors of his work.
And there was another king, in another land, called Hiram, and ho loved Solomon, and gave him timber for his work ; and he had a son called Ay.mon, and he was master of Geometry, and ho was the chief master of all his Masons, and governor of all his graving and 'carving work, and of all manner of masonry that belonged to tho Temple ; all this witnesseth the tir^t Book of the Kings and fifth chapter.
And this Solomon confirmed l)otli Charges and manners that his father had given to Masons ; and thus was this worthy Craft of Masonry confirmod in the country of Jerusakin, and many other glorious king- <loms, l»y famous groat men walking about full wide, in diverse coun- tries ; some because of learning more Craft, and some to teach others.
And so there was a curious Mason, Mamon Gheivls, that was at the working of Solomon's Temple, that came into France ; and so
APPENDIX VII. 461
there was one of the king's lineage of France called Carolus Martill, who was a man that loved well such a Craft, and jojned to this Mamon Greives^ and learned of him the Craft, and took upon him the Charge ; and afterward, by the Grace of God, was made King of France. And when he was in that estate he took many Masons, and gave them Charges, and manners, and good wages for their work, as he had learned from other Masons ; and confirmed them ane Charter from year to year to hold their assembly, and cherished them much ; and so came the Craft of Masonry into France.
England stood in all this season void as for any Charge of Masonry, untill the time of St Albon ; and at that time the King of England walled the town that is now called St Albons ; and St Albon was ane worthy knight, and was chief steward to the king, and had the governance of the whole realm, and also of making towns and walls ; and he loved well Masons, and cherished them very much, paying them their wages right well, as the realm stood at that time ; for he gave them three shillings a week, and they found themselves ; and before that time a Mason had but sixpence a day, and meat and drink, untill St Albon amended the same ; and he gave them ane Charter of the king and his council to hold ane general council, and gave it the name of ane assembly, and thereat he was himself; and he made Masons, and gave them Charges, as you shall hear afterwards.
Right soon after the death of St Albon there came diverse warriors into the realm of England of diverse nations, so that the rule of good Masonry was much abused untill the time of King Atuelstone, that was a worthy king in England, and he brought the land to good rest, and builded many great buildings ; and he had a son who loved Masons more than his father did, for he was a practiser himself of Geometry, wherefor he drew himself to commune with Masons to learn of them the Craft ; and afterward, for the love he had to Masons and the Craft, he was made a Mason himself, and he got of his father the king a Charter, with a com- mission to hold every year ane assembly when it pleased themselves^ within the realm, and to correct within themselves faults and transgres- sions that were done within the realm ; and he himself hold ane assembly at York, and there he made Masons, and commanded that rule to be kept ever after ; and gave them the charter and commission to keep ; and made ordinances that should be renewed from king to king. And when the assembly was gathered together he made ane cry that all old Masons and young that had any writing or understanding of the Charges that were before in this land, or in any other, they should shew them furth ; and there was found some in French, some in English, some in Latin, and some in other languages, and the meaning of all was found to be all
i$t
TBB HISTOBT OP PI
HAWXftT.
DUO ; nn*\ hf ciLn«c4 » book to be made tUer«of, anil Low lh« Cmft was Anuulit, sntl «)TURmodctl Umt it olibuU be read aod toM wlion ftny MaMn WM nftd«« apil U> ^f e him hia Cbarge ; and Trom that ^Uy lo thlt 6skj HlKwrj ba« boon prraerved ui4 kcopc<l ; nml after tbntj from ttmo to tiltlftf it wa« aa well a« nioti cotiM govora it : AnU ritrtbennore^ at <{]r«rt* tmo* und ajwctuMiefl tborc Imth buen put to atid abided certain Charge* inor«, hj tbe bwt advised of Hanteru and Fellows.
Vnun ox tuijr mcmbria tertcat libniiii^ et iUfi rttl lUi pounot manum ' libntm «t jurt^at iiuo pm^cepto ^i juraiuoQt^v [Lei odo of tb^ir ' bold ihit book, and ]et cti« or more lay bb hand od the book, by one comuuittd and oalh.]
EvcTy Mason Uik<» heod right vri^t^ly to tHMo Cbargt**, If tbat yon find you reel yc« ^nllty of tbc^o tbinj;:<i a<j;^injfit L4od that yoa tiiay am end fb«iti ; md pHnc^pally, thoy iW bt^ charged mu«t tak(^ good heod tbat you may k^^cp fbe«o Cbar^eit for tt la a grcNtLt ponl to forsweitr yonr- mIyo* upon a book.
1. The liret Chargo is that you shall be a Inie man to God and t)io Holy Church, and tbat yon nso no boresio nor errorj to your nnder- atanding, or discredit man^a teaching..
2. Thiit yon shall 1k> tme to the king, Tvitbont treason or fulsehood ; and that you .should know no treason or falsehood but in time amend it, or else warn tlio kin^ij or his council.
3. And also, you shall he true each one to another, that is to say, to every Master and Fellow of the Craft of Masonry that bo Masons allowed, and doe ye to them as ye would have them doe to you.
4. And that every Mason keep truely the counsell of Lodge and Craft, and other counsells that ought to be keept by way of Masonry.
.5. And also that no Mason be ane thief, or accessorie to ane thief, so far as he shall know.
6. And that you shall be true men to the lord and masters that you serve, and truely see to their profit and advantage,
7. And also, that you shall call Masons your Fellows or Brethren, and not any other foul name, and shall not take your Fellow's wife villanously, nor desire his daughter ungodlily, nor his servant in villany.
8. And also, that you pay duely and truely for your table, for meat and drink when you goo to table.
9. And also, that you doe no villany in the house where you have }^our table and diet, whereby the Craft may be slandered.
10. These be Charges in general for both Masters and Fellows to hold.
APPENDIX VII. 463
These be Charges singularly and particularly for Masters and Fel- lows : —
1. That no Mason shall take upon him any lord*s work, or other inan*s work, unless he know himself able and cunning to perform it, so that the Craft have no slander.
2. And also, that no ]\Iaster take any work but take it reasonably, so that the lord may be truely served of his own good, and that the Master may live honestly, and pay his Fellows truely, as manners asketh the Craft.
3. And that no Master or Fellow shall supplant one another of his work, that is to say, if he hath a work of ane lord or ane master, and that he put him not out unless he be unable in cunning to finish that work.
4. And also, that'no Master or Fellow take any prentice to be allowed his prentice any longer than seven years, and that prentice be able of birth and lineage, as he ought to be.
5. And also, that no Master nor Fellow take allowance to be made Masons without the assent of six, or five at least, of his Fellows ; and they that shall be Masons be free bom, not a bondman, but of good kindred, and have his right line as a man ought to have.
6. And that no Master nor Fellow put no lord's work to task that was wont to goe in journey.
7. And that no Master shall give or pay his Fellows but as he may deserve, so that he bo not deceived by false workmen.
8. And that no Fellow slander another behind his back whereby he may lose his good name or worldly goods.
9. And that no Fellow, within the Lodge or without the Lodge, cen- sure another ungodlily, without reasonable cause.
10. And also, that every one shall reverence his Fellow elder, and put him to worship.
11. And also, that no Mason should play at cards, or dice, or any game whereby they may be slandered.
12. And that no Mason be a common rebel in letcherie, to make the Craft be slandered.
13. And that no Fellow shall goe into the town in the night, when there is a Lodge of Fellows without, except some Fellow bear him wit- ness that he was in ane honest place.
14. And also, that every Master and Fellow shall come to the assembly if it be within seven miles about him, if he have warning, and so stand their award of Masters and Fellows.
15. And also, that every Master and Fellow, if he hath trespassed, shall stand at the award of Masters and Fellows to make them accord
tf thoy may, tHi4 if ibey nifty net ftooonl Ih^m, Uiea to goe to the Ciril
ItAiW.
Jti. And aUo, that tio Ma«on «bftl1 iDftk« tnoaldfl, or aqtmrei or mlc, to atiy liar witbin tbr LmJgc or iK-itliout it^ nor make moulds to raovld their itvfn Monoa of hrs owu ninking.
i7« And obo, thut crery Masou ahall reoeivo an*) clierieli a Atmn^fcr Masoii whou ilicy come Id tho coutitryT and tjh:iU sett th(am to work a^ Uio manner ifl, that \a to c^y, if ho h^vo uny mould stooes in pi4>CG ho shall Acrtt htm n fortnight at the lenet in work^ unj give bjm his pety ; and if hr hjivr no mould otnne for bim^ he shaU refresh him vith moooy» to thu nrxt LoJ);o.
]8< And ulm>, every Mri*o« ttb»11 serve yonr lord truely for his pay, and truoly fiwUh Lis work, Ihj it taak or journey, if you may havo your pfty an you ought to havo.
TUcBo thiujj'tt that wc havo rohearsod ye ought to have ever in memoty, and practice ; ami tlit^so Chjirgm, and all othoru that t>elong to Mft-sons^ you shftU trncly koop, w> help you God and the Holydame. Amen \
$0 uwitt it Uo.
APPENDIX VIII. 465
APPENDIX VIII.
FORM OF PETITION FOR A NEW LODGE.
Unto the Most Worshipful the Grand Master Mason, the R, W. the Office-Bearers, and Members of the Grand Lodge of Scotland,
The petition of the UndersigDcd, regalar rcgistererl Master-Masons of the Lodges mentioned against our respective names ;
Humbly Sheweth, That your Petitioners, having the good of Masonry at heart, are desirous of extending the benefits of the Craft in this part of the Country, which cannot be accomplished without having a regularly constituted Lodge. We, therefore, being anxious to commence and carry on our Masonic labours under the sanction of the Grand Lodge, pray for a Charter of Constitution and Erection, empowering us to meet as a regular Lodge at , by the
name and title of , and there
to discharge the duties of Masonry in a constitutional manner, according to the forms of the Order, and the Laws of the Grand Lodge ; and we recommend and propose the following to be the first Odice-Bearers of the Lodge, viz. : —
A. B,—B. W. Master. C. D.-^IF. Depute Master. E. F,—W. Substitute Master. 0. H.—W.Sen, Warden. I. J.— W. Jun. Warden. K. L. — Treasurer. M. N. — Secretary, 0. P. — Senior Deacon. Q. R. — Junior Deacon. S. T. — Inner Guard ; and V. W. — Tyler.
The prayer of this Petition being granted, we promise strict obedi- ence to the Laws and Constitutions of the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
Signed M. M. Lodge
Ac. &c.
31
<tt TUB niBTORTT OP r«its irA§<^NiiV.
APPENDIX IX.
BRKimNO in GiH Erorlawung : WnKitKAx UfMni tUo <Uy of
4 Petitioii waa pre«enU?t] to tUo Grsoil LoUgo of St^oUantlj in nAmo of
and otlicrs,
pRAYiNo th« eaiU Grand Lodge to ^rant a Cbarlor of CoDatituUoti otiil Ero^tion^ in tlie amal forra, for bolUing a Lrxlge Vki , under
tlio name and title of
and proposing the persons aftermentioned to be the first Offico-Dearers tliereof, viz. : —
VVhicli Petition, with the requisite Certificates therewith produced, Lavin<^ heen duly considered in Grand Lo<lf]jo assembled, they were pleased to ordain a Charter to bo issued in the terms underwritten : Know ye therefore, that the Most Worsliipful The Grand Master- Mason or Scotland, and The Grand Lod<ii: thereof, have constituted, erected, and a])pointed, likeas they hereby constitute, erect, and appoint the Master, Wardens, and Brethren above named, to be now, and in all time coming, a true and regular Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons at , under the name, style, and title of
, and appoint and ordain all regular Lodges to hold and respect them as such ; Giving, granting, and committing to them, and those to bo afterwards admitted Members of the said Lod<;e, full power and authority to meet, assemble, and convene as a regular Lodge ; and to enter Api)rentices, pass Fellow-Crafts, and raise Master- Masons, upon payment of such compositions, for the support of their
APPENDIX IX. 467
Lodge, as they shall see convenient ; but which compositions, at their initiation, shall not, for the Apprentice degree, be under the sum of Twenty-One Shillings; and with power also annually to elect and choose ]\Iaster8, Wardens, and other Office-Bcarers ; recommending to the Brethren of the said Lodge to reverence and obey their superiors in all things lawful and honest, as bccometh the honour and harmony of Masonry J and the said Brethren becoming bound on no account to desert their own Lodge ; nor, upon any pretext whatever, to make any separate or schismatical meetings, independent of the Master and War- dens for the time ; nor to introduce any other Orders of Masonry than those sanctioned by the Grand Lodge; nor to collect funds separate from the common stock of their Lodge, to the prejudice of the poor thereof; and declaring that the said Lodge, and whole constituent Members thereof, now and in all time coming, shall, by accepting this present Charter, be bound in faithful allegiance to the said Grand Lodge, as head of the Masonic Body in Scotland ; and shall be obliged to obey and pay due regard to all Acts, Statutes, and Regula- tions of the said Grand Lodge already made and enacted, or hereafter to be made and enacted, for the utility, welfare, and prosperity of Masonry: And generally, to pay and perform whatever is required from them for the support and dignity of the Grand Lodge ; and parti- cularly, to account and pay into the funds of the Grand Lodge at least the sum of Five Shillings and Sixpence sterling for each Member initiated in their Lodge from and after the date hereof ; which sums they shall cause to be annually remitted to the Grand Secretary at Edinburgh ; and, at the same time, transmit to him a list of the names and designations, &c., of the Members initiated, in order that the same may bo Recorded in the Books of the Grand Lodge ; and the Brethren of said Lodge shall be bound to record in the Books of their Lodge (which Books they are hereby authorised and enjoined to keep) this present Charter, their own Regulations and Bye- Laws, and Minutes of their whole procedure, from time to time, so that the same may be better known and more easily observed by the Brethren, subject always, nevertheless, to the review and control of the Grand Lodge. And the said Brethren are hereby required to attend the whole General Meetings and Quarterly Communications of the Grand Lodge by their Representatives, being their Master and Wardens for the time, or by lawful Proxies in their names (provided such Proxies be Master-Masons of some established Lodge holding of the Grand Lodge), so that they, by their said Representatives, may act and vote in the Grand Lodge, and be duly certiorated of the proceedings thereof ; declaring the said
WUlvU I'etiiioi)^ iritb tlr
p](^a«?il to ordain 1^ ChATX' Ky^y*' je therefore, that \ }Xah>s or SoiTLAXt), Slid J «rcrtcLl« and A|)potnt^lt likn* ihe Master, U'aitlena, und I lime coming, « tme and r^p , on
ip
\
to hi>M and rrspecl them a« » them, ntid tLoj»e to be aficrwv full (lOiTf^r and authority to n I^oiJ;;,'*] ; and to tottr Apprcnti Muwns. npon pnytncot of Btn
APPENDIX X. 469
APPENDIX X.
CEREMONIAL AT CONSECRATING A NEW LODGE, OR A LODGE ROOM ONLY, OR BOTH ; AND ALSO AT THE USUAL INSTALLATION OF OFFICE- BEARERS OF A LODGE.
(Referred to at page 345, eupra,)
CEREMONIAL TO BE OBSERVED AT THE CONSECRATION AND ERECTION OF A DAUGHTER LODGE. ^
The Lodge Room having been properly Tyled, and it having been ascertained that none bat Master Masons are present, the Grand Lodge or Provincial Grand Lodge will be opened in the First degree, and thereafter shall be raised to the Second and Third degrees, by the M. W. the Grand Master, the R. W. the Provincial Grand Master, or presiding Brother, (as the case may be.) The V. W. the Grand or Provincial Grand Chaplain shall then commence the ceremony of Constituting and Consecrating the Lodge, by offering up the following Prayer : —
0 ADORABLE Lord God, Maker of all things, and Judge of all men, regard, we humbly beseech Thee, with Thy special favour, this our present undertaking, and grant that the work which we now commence in Thy name, may conduce to Thy glory, and to the good, temporal and eternal, of Thy dependent creatures. Let a scrupulous regard to the obligation which, in Thy name, and under Thine all-seeing eye, shall be herein entered into, distinguish all upon whom the privileges of Initiation shall be conferred, — that they, abounding in all holy conver- sation and godliness, may become true and worthy members of oar venerable Order, and that their practice may, in all things, correspond with their profession.
Response by the Brethrm, — So mote it be I
GRAND HONOURS. SOLEMN MUSIC.
^ This Ceremonial, with some few additions and alterations, will serve ah-o for the Consecration of a Hall, or Building set apart for tho purposes of Masonry.
470
THB filATORV 1>P FRKU HASOKHV*
TLed abuU bo
cxxxiu.
Oniliott on the ** Nftturo ftud Objocta of MR^onry*' by tlie V. W, tlie Omod or Prorizicmi Grand Cbftplaio*
ANTHEM.
AVbon e&rtb^tf foumlatiou tirut wnj UJd
By tbo Almij^bty Arti»t'a b^iuj, 'T^vau tbeti our ^«>rfectf our |iorfoct l^ws ^oro matter
KflUblisliod hj Hia strict ct^mnmiidt CiioRC«, — Hnil ! myatcTionH, bail, gJonoun Ma«onrj, Thnt uiiiko5 u» cvvir grrtil uud het».
In vuiu mutikinU for shelter «ou^bt,
in valii friiiit p1ac« to pUco Hid roftm^ tJntkl Troni Hcnvon, from ItcA^cin ho wtm tnu^bt
To pUn, to hmUlt to (ix bU ljr»ini\ Hail ] myiflcrtguA, ko. niufitriouM haixcr w<* dule onr Art,
Wliicli now in beauteous piles appear; And sli;ill to endless, to endless time impart,
How worthy and how great we are. flail ! mysterious, itc.
Nor we less faniM for every tie
\)y wliich the human thought is hound ; Love, truth, and friendship, and friendship socially
Unite our hearts and hands around. Hail ! mysterious, ttc.
Our actions still by virtue l)lest,
And to our precepts ever true, Tlie world admiring, admiring shall re«|uest
To Uarn, and our bright patli.s pursue. Hail ! mysterious, S:c.
I'lic II. W. the Grand Secretary or Provincial Grand Secretary, [as (he case mat/ /><) will read the Charter in favour of the Lodge {here hift^rt navu of Lo<hj(.)
APPENDIX X. 471
[The Jewels, Clothing, &c., of the Lodge will then be delivered to the M. W. the G^and Master, the R. W. the Provincial Grand Master, or presiding Brother, (cm the case may 6e,) after which the Master and other Officers Elect will be presented by the Grand Secretary or his repre- sentative, and the Brethren will be asked if they are satisfied with each and all of them. The M. W. the Grand Master or presiding Brother will then direct their Secretary to read the Minutes of their provioas meetings.] i
Then shall be read or chanted Psalm xcv, verses 1 to 7.
0 come, let us sing unto the Lord : let us make a joyful noise to the Rock of our salvation.
Let us come before His presence with thanksgiving : and make a joyful noise unto Him with Psalms.
For the Lord is a great God : and a great King above all gods.
In His hand are all the deep places of the earth : the strength of the hills is His also.
The sea is His, and He made it : and His bands formed the dry land.
0 come, let us worship, and bow down j let us kneel before the Lord our Maker.
For He is our God : and we are the people of His pasture, and the sheep of His hand.
Glory be to God on high 1
As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world with- out end ; (or) For His mercy endureth forever. Amen.
The V. W. the Grand or Provincial Grand Chaplain will then offer up the following Prayer : —
Great Architect of the Universe ! Maker and Ruler of all Worlds ! deign, from Thy celestial Temple, from Realms of light and glory, to bless us, in all the purposes of our present assembly.
We humbly invoke Thee to give us at this, and at all times, wis- dom in all our doings, strength of mind in all our difficulties, and the beauty of harmony in all our communications.
Permit us, 0 Thou Centre of light and life, great source of love and happiness, to erect this Lodge, and now solemnly to consecrate it to Thy honour and glory !
If the Hall or Lodge-Room is to be Consecrated the Chaplain will here pause, and the following be introduced : —
Bespome by the M. W. the G. if., or (he R, W. the Prov. G. M.— Glory be to God on High !
^ The above paragraph, marked thus, [ ] is to bo omitted when a Hall, or Lodge Room only, is to be Consecrated.
47i Tit£ msTOfty of preu masonry.
M&ipon§t hy t/m ftmknn, — Aa it wa« in the bcginDiD^, Is noWf iMil »v(!r nhall bir, world without etiJ. Aiueti. The Cdn0«;cnitibn Eltnic!ut« nxa tben epri nkled on the LoJgo-Iloom ; &fl«r wbicb tli« CbapUb rMnmes.
Grnotf O Lord our C/oJ^ iLat llie^ wlio are [now aTitmt ti> be'] iu- voAtM with the ^'orcnjiucot of tliis Lodge, may lo ondue^l with wbdom to iftBtruet thdr Urotlircu tn atl duties, JUjr brotherly love and dmrtty ulwaya prcv^ii »mong the Mrmbt^rs of this Lodjjre j fttid m&y tbia Wnd of Union continue to strcngtht?fi the Lodgos throughout the world \
Blcee all oar Br<}tl»r«n wbereaoever dbpersed^ and ^raiit ept^edy relief to iill who &re eitbor op|>re^ed or diatrcHtiod*
Wo humbly c^min^nd to Tbeo alt the mcmbora ofThyirboIe Ikmity : May they lucrc^iso in tbo knowlcdg^^ of Th«, nod in the love of «acb other,
Ftnallyt ni^y wo fitdaib all oar works here below with Thiue appro- batioD ; aod theu havu r>or tra[t!>iltioa from this earthly abode to Thy boAVOoly temple above, there to enjoy tights glory, aod blj«;s iuet&ble.
It^itpo^tsr h^ the U. W, the G. M. or the R. W. the Prot. G. JI,— Glory be to Ood on Hij^h I
l}<:^)onw hf thr /irrfht^etK — Ae it was in tbo bcgitming, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
GRAND IIONOUHS. SOLEMN MUSIC :
* Durin;^ which the IMeinbers of the New Lodge passing round do homage to the (irand or Provincial Grand Lodge.
* The M. W. the Grand blaster, or presiding Brother {as the case may he) will then cause the Grand Director of Ceremonies to proclaim the Lodge as follows ; —
* Brdlivni. — I am directed by the Most Worshipful (lierc insert the name) Grand Master Mason of h'cotland to make proclamation, that by virtue of tlic power and authority of the Grand Lodge, these Brethren arc now constitutcHl a regular Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, by the title and designation of the Lodge [here insert the namCy) to be holden in (Jure lui^ertthe place.) And from henceforth they are fully empowered to exerci.>e all their rights and privileges, agreeably to the tenure of their Charter, the laws of the Grand Lodge, and the ancient usages of the Fraternity ; and may God be with them.
' I (» 1»L' (Uiiittcd wlien the Hull oidy is to be consecrated.
APPENDIX X. 47 3
* Response by the Members of the Grand or Provincial Grand Lodge only, — So mote it be. ^
Part of 2d Chronicles, Chapter vi, verses 12, 14, 17-21, 33 middle, 41 ; Chapter vii, verses 1, 3, 12-18 ; — or of 1st Kings, Chapter viii, verses 22, 23, 26-30, 43 middle, 60 ; and Chapter ix, verses 3-5,— will then be read by the Very Worshipful the Grand or Provincial Grand Chaplain.
ANTHEM, accompanied by Music.
To Heaven's hi^h Architect all praise, All praise, all gratitude be given ;
Who deign'd the human soul to raise, By mystic secrets sprung from heaven.
CHORUS.
Sound aloud the Great Jehovau's praise ; To Him the dome, the temple raise.
GRAND HONOURS.
CEREMONIAL TO BE OBSERVED AT THE INSTALLATION OF THE OFFICE- BEARERS OF A LODGE.
[Formerly no one obtained the degree of MoMtir Mason until he became, or was about to become, the Master of a Lodge ; but bince the beginning of the 18th centnry all Craftsmen, after a short probation, received it to qwdify them for that high office. In England and Ireland the Master Elect receives certain secret Instructions in presence of those only who have ** passed the Chair," or been installed Masters of Lodges, in order to distinguish him from tho non-official Masters ; but iu Scotland the Grand Lodge has uniformly held that giving these instructions sepa- rately is an innovation on the ancient landmarks of St Johu's Masonry, and therefore are communicated to the Master Mason wheu he is elected Master of the Lodge.]
The Lodge having been opened in the First Degree, — Entered Ap- j)rentices being allowed to be present, — and the Jewels, Clothing, tfec, of the Lodge placed before the presiding or installing Brother," he will
^ The paragraphs marked thus * are to be omitted when the Hall, or Lodge Room only, is to be Consecrated.
^ At the Consecration of a new Lodge tho Charges ought to be road by the Grand (or Provincial Grand) Secretary; but at the usual or Annual Installationy the presiding Brother, or a Past Master, does so, as the Secretary is not yet installed.
474
TiiK ntsToar or rues HiBoxftT,
N
IIm Hartar fif^et^ &» wet) ms bU tkput^ Md Siib«ttUit« Mastefs^ lo fomrard, miKt «dilre«a tUetn &» follow* ; —
BiuiTU«RN,— HiLTtis^ been elected bjr the Metnhen oi your Lod^ to lb« raip«ciir» offices of MiiFt«f, Dq^tito Mul«rt uid Snliet>tiit« Mutefj I «l»Il bttVA iDtBch |>Ii^sur« ju toiftalluif jmi Uiereio^ bat pt«vioUff In your toJitftlUtiou \i bi rcquistU) tliAt von aimt:ut U> soino or tbe (niat:gee antl K«;;iiUlmti4 wbicL point out iLe dut^ of ii M&At^r of » Loil^ TbtitM) win now he n«d to you i—
]. You li^fTvo to bif A ffw^ »^ *>^ t^^ vtd vtubtij la obaj th« martl Uw* !£. Vnu figi^vu to be n p«ao«Mbl« Mibjcct^ 5ad cb«*rfidljr to ct^oibrta to the laWi of tho Coaotr/ jo *ti»ch j^oa rrtikd^.
3. YoD pfonuM not to hr oooccmcd in plot« or eoiu|af«aU» o^^nM GorerV'' iuv»t, but pfttiontljr to nubmU to tUe dceiflionv of ibo Soprane T.rc;(^«)Atar«.
4. Von M|j[T«e to fiAy a [iropof rcwjjcct to the Civil 31ftgutrate ; to work dU^ genttyt ItTu iti crvdit^ mil Act bonouriLblj wttb aII meo>
5. You *^r«tf to holJ iu vcoor»t)Dti titv ortj^tjuii rul^ttu ftnd pAtrott* of Ut« 0rd47 of l[ft«otirf, luirl thoir r<*f{;ulAr Buoce«^or«, fsupr^me and rabordmuto, ac-^ OOvdlnj^ to ihair BlAtiotts ; And to icubmit to the award;) And rosoTutzoo^ of jcmr Bnibripa, in Grand Jvod;;e ajoieroblcd, m everf case cooaUt^nt vttli the Consti' iutiotJu» of ihn Order ; mwX iluiX you will not^ in Scotland^ prActUe or reccgaitm
I otmnecUou with Lodj^ of St Joliu** MAsoor/i, vi/ JO^k^mm except lho&« of Appronlice, Fell oi» Craft, and Master -Mason,
6. You a^^ree to avoid private quarrels, and to guard afjaiiist all intemperance and excess.
7. You a^rec to be cautious in your behaviour, courteous to your Brethren, and faithful to your Lodf^e.
8. You j)roniise to respect true and faithful Brethren, and to discountenance all impostors and di-isenters from tlie ori^'inal plan of the Institution.
9. You a^'ree to promote the general ^'ood of society, to cultivate the social virtues, and to propa^^ate the knowledge of the art of Masonry, so far as your influence and aliiiity can extend.
10. You admit tliat it is not in the power of any man, or body of men, to make alteration or innovation in .Masonry.
11. You promise to submit to the .M. W. the Grand Master for the time bein;^, and to his Officers, when duly installed ; and strictly to conform to every regulation of tho Grand Lo.lj;e that is not subversive of tlie principles of Masonry.
1*2. You admit that no Lod;;e c in be constituted without a Charter from a (irand Lodge, or other supreme body entitled to gratit them, nor any counten- ance given to an irregular Lodge, or to any pi-rson clandestinely initiated therein, and that no procession, consecration, or other ceremonial of Masons, clothed with the Badges of the Order, can take place without the special liicencc of the (irand Lodge, or of the Trovincial Grand Master of the District, or (in his absence) of his Depute or Sulstitule.
13. You admit that no person can bo regularly made a Mason, or admitted a Mason of any Lodge, without previous notice, and due inquiry into his character.
I I
APPENDIX X. 47;')
14. Yoa promise that no Visitors shall be received into your Lodge with- out dae ezaminatioD, or producing proper voucfiers of initiation in a regular Lodge.
The presiding Brother then addresses the Masters Elect thus : — Do you now, Brethren, cheerfully submit to these several Charges and Regulations of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland, and promise to support them, as all good Masters have done.
The Masters Elect having signified their assent, the presiding Brother shall then proceed as follows : —
Then, Brethren, in consequence of the recommendation I have received of you, and your cheerful conformity to the Charges and Regulations rehearsed, and since it is the will and pleasure of the Brethren of this Lodge that you become Masters thereof for the usual time, as they confide in your known good behaviour, and think you fit and proper pei;^ons to discharge the duties of said office, I must inform you that you are not only to walk uprightly before God and man, and strictly to follow the rules and constitutions of Masonry in general, but also to adhere to the bye-laws of this Lodge in particular.
You will now step forward to the Altar, and take the oath de fideli^ viz. : — ^
* I in the presence of the G. A. of the U., do solemnly pro-
' mise to perform the duties of the Olfice of Master or Depute Master, ' or Substitute Master, {as the case may be,) fiiithfully, zealously, and im-
* partially, to the best of my ability, during the ensuing twelve months,
* unless a successor shall have been previously appointed and installed ^ in my stead. That while in the Chair I will not permit or suffer any
* deviation from the ancient customs and landmarks of the Order recog- ' nized by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, nor administer or cause to be
* administered any ceremony contrary to, or subversive of our constitu- < tions. That I will maintain pure and unsullied the genuine tenets of ' the Order. That I will observe, and as far as lies in my power, strictly
* enforce those Charges and Regulations to which I have now giveu my
* assent, and otherwise conscientiously perform my duty as Master of tho
* Craft. So help mo God!'
Brother [A. B.,] You have been elected Master of this Lodge. I invest ^ you with this Jewel belonging to that office. It consists of the Square and Compasses, an arc of a circle, and a star representing tho
^ Tho Master is installed as the Representative of the absent Master Masons of the Lodge ; the Senior Warden as that of the absent Craftsmen, and tho Junior Warden of tho Entered Apprentices.
Am. Thfl Square ^Mot«ff in & moral «ciim that yon Are to regnUtc your action* by rule and lino, ar*l to harmotiiflr your conduct by the prin* d[)lr« of Diom)ity Jind virtue ; nml tbo Cotiipnesc^s, tb&t fil though yoD hnvr been caU«J to tb** bi>rb pi>Bitio« of Master of tbia Lodge, yon ai^ ttot to ruJ« tyratiicdlly, but to bebavc courteously Ui the Brf?tbroii« An tbo Compo^^M ou the nrc of a circlo imlicato that it i« tbo iluty of every Monitor to lay flown pluna for bis workmeni to th^y tcacU that however pxrtUtjJ be your attititJU in Mocirty yuii bttvo CRftain dtitica to perform to th4ia« who urti not do foftunntv tm yuuradf, tLOil for tbo fulfUmt^nt of which you muBt otiu Jay give bd aaount to the AU-i^eeitig Eye on which, typiGod by tbo Suh or Slat on tbo Jc^rel, you ought at ftii timetf to plnco your rcliftnco* [Tbc Holy Hiblo, which \» norer shut in a Lodg^, t^jirbt-^H 101 tu love Oiiil ; nud uuJokm our motivi^ti ha foondcU on thiit lov«, and our actiood spring from U, all the montlity lu iho world U of no avail ] '
Drotbor [C* D.,] I invest yon, a^ Depute Master, witb thiH S^ttare and CojJipi4AeAf being the insignia of your olTioo. Tbo iSijuare baa th« two ondd of unequal Jongtbj the short unc pointlnif to tituo^ tho other to ot^niity ; so tbo Conipn^ises, coiubinrd with tbc* Sfjuart*, will teach yoa not only to bo contented viUi your let on earth, and tlinnkful for wbttt your Heavenly Father beBtou'3 on yon in ihiii wurld^but tJjat 3*fiu slioiild press forward in the paths of virtue, and have in view the attainment of a blessed immortality. In the absence of the Master (and of any Paf^t Master of the Lodge ^) you will take upon you the duties of the Chair.
Brother [K. F.,] I invest you as Substitute Master. It is your duty to preside in the Lodge when the Master or his Depute cannot be present. Your Jewel is the S^Hare, which denotes in a moral sense that you are worthy of the ollice they have conferred upon you ; and in its emblematic sense, that as when applied to work it shows whether it be stniight, level, and correct, so you are to observe that your conduct and actions, as well as those of the Brethren (at least in Lodge assem- bled), are guided by the stern principles of justice.
Again addressing the Right Worshipful Master Elect : — liight Worshipful Sir, I now place in your hnnd this Malht ^ or Maul : it has for long been the symbol of authority over the Brethren.
* When a Cliaplain is to be afterwards invested, the sentence marked [ ] may he here omitted, and inserted into the Address to him.
^ To be omitted at the Consecration of a new Lodge.
^ This is the Mnllet of tlie Lodge, not that of the Installing Brother, which he does not relinquish utitil the conclusion of the whole Ceremonial.
I
APPENDIX X. 477
As the Chisel demonstrates to us tbo advantage of discipline, and the Mallet, when applied to it, lopes oflf excrescences and smoothes surfaces^ we are thus taught to correct irregularities, and reduce man to a proper level ; so that, by quiet deportment, he may, in the school of discipline, learn to be content. What the Mallet is to the workman, enlightened reason is to the passions; it curbs ambition, depresses envy, moderates anger, and checks every rising frailty.
I have now to wish you happiness and prosperity, and I pray the Grand Architect of the Universe, of His infinite mercy and goodness, to guide and direct you in all your actions, and to preserve you from any breach of the duties of the high office to which you have been called.
The New Master is then conducted to the chair of his Lodge (in front of that of the Installing Brother), his Depute and Substitute standing on his right and left. The Members of the New Lodge then advance in procession, paying due homage to the New Master, and signify their subjection and obedience by the usual salutations in the First Degree.
GRAND HONOURS.
This part of the ceremony being concluded, the Wardens and other Office-bearers are requested to advance to the Altar, and the Installing ^ Brother will then take their oaths dejideliy viz. : —
* I, do hereby agree to accept of the office of Senior Warden
* or Junior Warden, &c., {as the case may he) of the Lodge , and
' solemnly promise, to the best of my ability, to discharge faithfully, ' zealously, and conscientiously, its duties during the ensuing twelve ' months, unless a successor shall be previously appointed and installed ' in my stead, and that I will do my utmost to forward the interests of ' the Lodge, and support the Master in his various duties. So help me 'God.'
The Office-bearers are then invested, in succession, with the Insignia or Jewels of their office, and addressed as follows : —
Brother [G. H.,] you are, by the consent of this Lodge, elected Senior Warden thereof for the usual time, in consequence of which I now in- vest you with this Jewel as the insignia of your office. Observe, it is
^ When the Most Worshipful the Grand Master and his Officers attend to constitute a New Lodge, the Grand Wardens may invest the Wardens, the Grand Treasurer invest the Treasurer, and so on. Sometimes the New Master enters immediately on the duties of his office by administering the oath de fidtli to, and investing the Wardens, &c., hut it is more convenient in practice, that at all Installations, the Presiding or Installing Brother conduct the whole Ceremonial.
»8
TUB niffTORV or r&EB HA90XRV.
ft Ltfftl^ to d^iitit» to you, in iU moRkI tooflo, tbat vv^ are descendeU bom t^e Bume vteek^ pertak« of ibe nuiw lutufi^^ »n4 ifhi^re the naie
»crrc ftibofvtbstaofif yv>t no emiaenco of eUltoo can make aa forget that wi> arc BrvthrvD ; &aJ, in tUf nnblematic wim^ Uuit in aII Ma^hjc eon- ccma yoQ a» to cundtder ytmr Bretkrso u «trittly on ih k*vd with ^on, LYottr ettlj A&d f«^Ur nllctitUoL-c at your Lodge la ^iarLi<:aUrly RMovaryt in Ofdar U> u«ltrt to th« utiuo«l iu jrour power attd ^il] in Ui« good ni»tng«iii«fil tboroof,
Brother [I. J ,] yoo h9V« Wn, l-y tli6 (Mineent of tliis Lodg«, doctod Junior Warden i\tcfCftf (or the naun] tjmt^, m rooxc^uence oi i^fitch I invent yuu with thU Jewol u the infii^tiU of your office, OWrvc^ it w a Plumb Eulv, whh a Pluintnot Affixed^ to denote to yo^i, b) thi moral »ettM, thai yoti uw<; your promotion to jour Q|>nghtDe«s and intoj^rily, and tLat jrou are at sU Umt*:* to lie npright in your ooq* dw^t \ anil, in iL« embWtnatic aefue, Uifti in tho diM!barg<^ of tho many dutie« of lht4 rlitticnlt itnd udnoua oflicCj and in all Ma«oDio concoma, you arc to take «apccial care to »ct irlUi piTfoct npngliLneaa^ so Ih^t if your jL*Drd nbottld W fi^nr^tively apjj|Je<J, it vilt bo fonad so.
WorHhipfal S(?mor and Junior Wardeua, those c^oliimoV the badjc«^ of yonr office, 1 ontnist to yonr carct Dot donbting your vi^lanco und attention.
The Senior and Junior Grand Wardens are then conducted to their seat.s and saluted.
The Treasurer is then invested with the Insignia of his office : — Brother [K. L.,] by investing' you with this Jewel I have to remind 3^ou that it is your duty to collect subscriptions and other fees, and keep an exact account of the Lod^e expenses. You are also to transmit to tJic (jnnitl Loihjc the du*s for recorduKj Intrants and the Annual Ctr(lpoifr.<, find this tohether the Lodje sanction it or 7iot, these monie>5 NOT nrjNij LAwrrLLv ns riiopEUTv, ult that of the Grand Lodge OF Scotland alone, and for which yoi aiu: fersonally kespon- sinLE. Your r(';^ailar and early attendance will afford the best proof of your zeal and attachment.
The Secretary is then invested with the Insignia of his otfice : — Brother [M. N.,] you have been elected Secretary of this Lodge; it is your province to record the minutes, i.<sue the summonses for our
^ When the work of Masonry in the Lod^e is carrying on, the colamn of the Senior Warden is raised ; when the Lodge is .at refreshment the column of the Junior Warden is raised.
\
APPENDIX X. 479
regular meetings, and make the due returns of Officers and Members to the Grand Lodge ; your good inclinations to Masonry and this Lodge I hope will induce you to discharge your office with fidelity, and by so doing you will merit the esteem and approbation of your Brethren.
The Deacons are then invested : —
Brother [O. P.,] I invest you with the Jewel of Senior Deacon ; it is the MalUtf and ought to teach you that skill without exertion is of little avail, that labour is the lot of man, for the heart may conceive and the head may devise in vain, if the hand be not prompt to execute the
Brother [Q. R.,] your Jewel of office, as Junior Deacon, is the Troioel, which teaches us to spread the cement of brotherly love and affection — that cement which unites us all into one sacred band, a society of friends and brothers among whom no contention should ever exist but that noble contention, or rather emulation, of who can best work and who can best agree.
Brothers [0. P.] and [Q. R.,] it is your province to attend on the Worshipful Master and Wardens, and to act as their assistants in the active duties of the Lodge ; such as in the reception of Candidates into the different degrees of Masonry, and in the immediate practice of our rites. I commit to you these Rods as your badges of office.
The Stewards are next invested : —
Brothers [S. T.] and [U. V.,] you have been appointed Stewards of this Lodge. The duties of your office are to introduce Visitors, and see that they are accommodated ; as also to see that the tables are properly furnished at refreshment, and that every Brother is suitably provided for; and, generally, to assist the Deacons and other Office- bearers in performing their respective duties.
The Inner Guard is then invested as follows : —
Brother [W. X.,] the Cross-swoi'ds with which I invest you indicate that you are to suffer none to pass or repass but such as are duly quali> fied; and, emblematically, to set a guard over our thoughts, a wateh at our lips, and post a sentinel over our actions. Your duty is to admit Masons on proof, to receive candidates in due form, and to obey the commands of the Junior Warden.
The Tyler is then brought forward and invested with the Jewel and instrument of his office : —
Brother [Y. Z.,] I commit this Sioord into your hands, to enable you effectually to guard against the approach of cowans and eavesdroppers.
by vhtcU vtfs kro remtnJMl wo otigbt to i»rev«at the ^pproactL ofsTcty TjuwortLy ibou^'bt or ticed, aod to prwerve a conwaieiiue Toi<] uroffc<no« lOMrardit UoJ aaU towards mun.
Tho (yorcmoxiiij of Ittreotiturij baviog come to & close, the pressing ffri>tb(*r will ihvn give u gfiicml Address to the M£k«ti>r, WardeuA, and Brtilbreti, in ibe followiu^' manner* : —
K Wh Sik, — Ttio ftrfttbiTfi bavitig committod tb<) Lodgo to your ^iro you cann(»t be inarnMible to tbc impnrtAiu'o of the rhAfj^c, find to yottf r^fi]>on&i1tility fur tbci faithful diBch:ir4*e of the duties nnncxcd to tbo appointment. Th(3 honour, the rtipntOittunf »nd the uaofulnc^ of tbid Lodg4» will miit«ml1y d«peud on the BtiU aud abUity wUb wbicb yott Mkfilige its ooiicernji, wbiUt the bnpjnfTe4« of the T)relbron wilJ h^ gene- nlJy priimoted by tbe ecuI und aaj^iituity with wbicb you promulgate tbo genuine tenet* and principlctii of thn Ordrr. A» a pattern for your Imittitinn, etm^fidor that ^lorlouv himlniiry whidi re^^nlarly ditfu^cs hgbt aiid luatrts to all ; ip like manner, it will be your province to emumucii- cnte li^bt ftud iuHlr notion te tbe lUethn-n of yi>iir Lodge, impr^^a on tbem the dr^nity and high importance of Masonry, and charge them to pmctiM:! out of tho LtA^e tbofl« oxflelloni precepts which they are tan;;ht in it, so thut, wbnn Jiny one U s:il<l in be a Free-Mn^on, tbe world may know tli;it ho is one to whom the hunlened heart may pour forth its sorrows, to whom the distrossed may prefer their suit, whose heart is <3^uiJo<l by justice, and whoso hand is extended by benevolence.
W. Wahdkns, — You arc too well acquainted with the laws of Free Masonry to warrant any distrust that you will be found wantingjn the proper dischar^^o of the duties of your rcsj)cctive offices ; suffice it to observe, that what you have seen praiseworthy in others you will care- fully imitate, and what in them may have appeared defective, you will in yourselves amend. You ou^'ht to be [)atterns of good order and regularity, as it is only by a due observance of the Laws yourselves that you can expect obedience to them from others. You are assi- duously to assist the Master in the discharge of the important duties of his situation, and carefully instruct those whom he may place under your charge. P'rom the zeal you have shewn towards our excellent Institution, and the desire you have evinced to promote its best inte- rests, I entertain no doubt that your conduct will be such as to merit
* Any other similar Address may ho i^iven. At the Erection of a new Lodge, althouf^h the Investiture of the Wardens and inferior Office-bearers bo per- formed hy the new Master, the Address ought to be given by the Brother who jii'csidcs on the occiision.
APPENDIX X. 481
the approbation of your Brethren, and the testimony of a good con- science.
Brethren, — Such is the nature of our constitution, that as some most of necessity rule and teach, so others must of course learn to submit and obey. Humility in both is an essential duty. The Brethren who have been appointed to assist in the goyemment of the Lodge are too well acquainted with the principles of Masonry and the rules of good man- ners to extend the power with which they are entrusted ; and you are too sensible of the propriety of their appointment, and of too generous dispositions, to envy their preferment. From the knowledge I have of both Officers and Members, I trust that all will have but one aim — to please each other, and unite in the great design of communicating happiness. May you all enjoy every satisfaction and delight which dis- interested friendship can give, within these sacred walls ! May Free- Masonry flourish in every part of the globe, and rise superior to all opposition ! May it become influential in diffusing the light of Wisdom, aiding the strength of reason, dispensing the beatUies of virtue, and lessen* ing the aggregate of human misery and vice ! May it teach us to measure our actions by the rule of rectitude, square our conduct by the principles of morality, and guide our very thoughts within the compass of pro- priety ! Ijence we learn to be meek, humble, and resigned, and to moderate the passions, the excess of which deform and disorder the very soul ; and the Brother who has thus far discharged his duty as a Mason, can patiently await the arrival of that awful moment when the soul shall take wing to the boundless and unexplored mansions above.
Brethren, such are the genuine tenets and principles of our Order. May they be transmitted through the Lodge pure and unsullied through all generations ! To obtain this end, let us continue to cultivate the great moral and social virtues laid down on our Masonic tracing-board, and improve ourselves in everything that is good, amiable, and useful. And may the Great Architect of the Universe preside over our Temple, and under His all-seeing eye let us ever act with a dignity becoming the high and venerable character of our Institution.
The new Master now thanks the Presiding Brother.
GRAND HONOURS.
Then shall be sung Psalm c, accompanied by Music.
Thanksgiving by the V. W. the Grand or Provincial Grand Chaplain.
Blessed be Thy name, 0 great Architect of the Universe, that it hath pleased Thee to put into the hearts of Thy servants to found this
32
THE ALSTOHV OP THSB UAfiONBV.
IjO(]go to Thy boBOur und gio^y- Bletts them, 0 Lord, with Tljioc Cipcotn.1 UcsHtng, und f^ui ihwt all wbo eWI enjoy tlie benefit of tlita |>iuuei ^urk, iimy cuuUuuu Tliy fuHiirtil sorrant^ tiato tboir live^' end. Let their i^ractice sli&dow forth tfao blessed principlee of Faitb> Hop<t, Rt)<l Charity ; nnd when Thoti ^hali he j^ltwsed to oUl thorn henoe^ and tbo earthly hoa^e of ttiiM tAhcmftdo i»h&ll be dtseolved, give tbcm :i bnildiitg of Go<lt an botiae not raado with bands, ot^mal in the beareiis. UrtptmM by the Brtthrrtu — So mot« it l>c.
Refre0bni<^nt« served, preceded and followed by tbg UEuaL tUtemtioTkd,
TfiB MAiSONIC AKTrlRM.
After vblcb tie Lodge shall b<* oloaed in due fonn^ and in tbe tbirJ
decree*
* Tbo preperitn^ Ccremonlalj mt,y be abrid^^ or extended rit pleasure, provide noLliltig he introituoed tb^t can ^Ive o^oticc to an/ DroUicr etthor m relipioti or poUti<^; ih^ material poiaU^ hetrcvor, ar« on tio account to Ins omitted. It U perhaps nnneceMary to aild that the Preaidiog brother on^ht to commU the wbole to memory, it bein;; i|oit« contrary to the epiiit of Scottish Mn'-Hiry to read any portioo, eiiot^pt the ChaT;;(? and Regulations at port's 474 and 475. Tlio followinnr Rules must also be observed : — 1^. None but Master Masons belonf,'in;r to a ren^ular Lod^^e can be present. 2d. None can be admitted without a Ticket. 3</. Kach llrolher, before enterinfr, will sign bis name, and tlic name of the Lodge of which he is a Member. Ath. No one can be admitted after the (J rand or Provincial Grand Lodge is opened. Vyth. Cos- tume—Fnll Dress, black, with white stock and gloves.
APPENDIX XI.
483
APPENDIX XI.
(Referred to at page 163, tupra,) AFFIRMATION BY SUBORDINATE LODGES.
We, the Master and Treasurer of the Lodge ,
holding of The Grand Lodge op Scotland, No. , do hereby
solemnly Declare and Affirm on our honour, as Free and Accepted Masons, that the said Lodge is really held solely for the purposes of Free Masonry, in strict conformity with the ancient rules and usages of the Craft, and the Regulations and Enactments of the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
Given under our hands, this 1 8 years.
day of
, Master. , Treasurer,
481
TUB nrsTOI&Y OF PftE^ MAAOTCRT.
APPENDIX XIL
AffSVAL CBRTtFlCAXa^ ( lUfrrrtd Lf of pofc I53l, fdtpro.^
Tjik Ouand Lodoe of SooxLArm do beeebv Cehtift thitt the Lodge
7etir preceding Liat Summer &1 Jolin*s Day, complied with all th« Muaoriio uaagea enjomed hy tho f5ni;:d Lodge , Tlic said Lodge ihtw- fore ia entitled to, ^nd the Omud Lt>Jge of Scotiand do hereby renevr and cootinue to ibeni, for another twelve months, the privilege of hold- ing Masonic Mcotinge^ undnr tho Snnetien and Authority of the Qratid Lodi^e* and of exerdaiug the wholo powers and funetiona of Free- Masons, in terms of, and conform to their Charter of Constitution and Erection.
Given under our hands, and Seal of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and hy the authority of the Grand Lodge, this day of years.
, 0. J/.
, G. Secy. , G. Clei'k.
^ [Failing the takinfj out of these Certificates for a longer period than one year for Kdinburgli, Leith, and Portobello Lodf^cs, or two years for Provincial Lodges, as the c;iJ^e may be, the Lod^^es so oftendiiif^ shall be incapable of being represented in (J rand Lod^e. Those reniainin*;,' uncertified, or in arrear of Returns of Intrants for Fivi; yf.ars, to be considered dormant, and struck off the Roll.— Grand Lodge Laws and Constitutions, Edition 1848. — E.J
APPENDIX XIII. 485
APPENDIX XIII.
CERTIFICATE TO BE GRANTED BY SUBORDINATE LODGES TO THEIR MEMBERS.
We hereby certify that Brother {full name and designation of the Brother in whose favour the Certificate is granted) was, on the day of
,18 , regularly entered Apprentice ; on the day of passed Fellow-Craft ;
and on the day of raised to the sablime
Degree of Master-Mason (or so much of the preceding as may be appli- cable) in the Lodge {here specify name of Lodge) holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, No. , and that the name of the said Brother
has been transmitted to the Grand Secretary or Grand Clerk {as the case may be) for registration and enrolment in the Books of the said Grand Lodge.
To this Certificate the said Brother has, in our presence, adhibited on the margin his usual signature.
Given under our hands this day of
18
, Master,
, Secretary.
^ [Thia Certificate entitles the Brother to Masonic privileges in the Lodge which grants it ; and, if a Master Mason, to a Grand Lodge Diploma, on pay- ment of the usual Fees. — K]
4M
THE iriSTORY OP FREE MASONRY.
APPENDIX XIV,
VKOJLY COXMtaSlOft BT LODGCfl AB&OlD <»tt VS TDK PnOVriVCBB.l
We, tLo Muster und AVurJetw of tho Lodge ,
Uotilfn^ <if The Qrajvu Lovqe of Scotlaxdi findiiig it incotiTeQieut to titUoU tlifi Qa&fterly Cuiumanicatiopa and otLor Meetiitga of tbo Gmnd IjoJ^^o, tlo bcrol^y^ with tUts consent fiml approbation of oor Brotlirea, o urn bate iind uppdut our truly and well-btdovcd Brotbur
, Jkl£it»tcT*MfLBon of tbfi Lodgi* , bolJmg of tbc Grand Lodgo of Scotlaudr No. , to l>e our Reprc^ontativo m ^aid Gmud Lodg^;, wUli full [>ower to {(tin to make cboice of two fjrcthrct), Maater-MajsoDS, to be bia Wa^r- d^na ; berebj autbonainj^ our «tid RopreBentative and hU Wardens to net uid vot<! npou all i|uCMtionH that uiay cotiie before tbo aaid Omnd Led^Oj a« fully and freely id all n?epecta a« wq cnnid do ouraelv^ if p«r- soDuUy pri-9teat>
OJven under our bandsj and Sual of tbti Lodge, in full Lodge asjMt?iriM(*dt tbh (24 f/^ Jtnt<L\ yr 27 fh Dt^cf^mber^ vr ~,
f^rifif/ the day of the A?mual Kltrtuni of OjHce-Btartra,) in tho year ut" uiir Lord one thousand cigbt liundrcJ and and of Light live thousand eight hundred and
, Master.
, Senior Warden. , Jxnior Warelen.
J Secretary.
* [Every Troxy Commission must be expressed in the above Form, and shall be jninkd and dated on one or other of the two St John's Days, or on the day of the Anuual I'lection of the Office Bearers of the Lod;;e, and can only be cancelled on oue or other of these days. Nevertheless, by an umeudnient on the Laws, passed 3d November ISol, Lodges appointin;^ Proxies shall be ref)re.seuted in Grand Lod;;e by their actual Masters and Wardens if notice to that effect is given to the Grand Clerk (who shall intimate the same to the Representatives to be superseded,) at least one calendar month previous to each of the meet ings at which they desire to bo present, provided their names were transmitted to the Grand Clerk within one month after their election. In the event of the death or resignation of a Proxy Master his constituents may immediately thereafter elect another, but his Wardens shall remain till next Auaual Election. Proxy Wardens cannot be changed olteuer than once a-year, unless on account of tho death, or permanent residence out of town, of one or both of them. The isi>uo of blank Proxy Commissions is strictly prohibited. — E.J
APPENDIX XV. 487
APPENDIX XV.
COMMISSION TO A PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTER.
To All and Sundry the Lodges hereinafter specified,
Most Worshipful Grand Master of the Ancient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons in Scotland. Whereas The Grand Lodge of Scotland have Resolved, for the further promoting the interest of the Craft, and prosperity and advancement of Masonry, that Provincial Grand Masters should be appointed to visit the several Lodges which lie at too great a distance from the seat of the Grand Lodge to be visited by tlio Grand Master in person. Know ye, therefore, that we, in prosecution of the foresaid Resolution, with advice and consent of the Officers of the Grand Lodge, have Constituted and Appointed, and hereby Constitute and Appoint, our Right Worshipful Brother ,
Provincial Grand Master for , and to preside over
the following Lodges, viz.
with full power to our Provincial Grand Master to appoint proper persons to act as his Depute and Substitute, as Grand Wardens, and Secretary, and in our name to assemble and convene the above Lodges in his Province, at such fixed times and places as may suit the convenience of all parties : And also to visit the said Lodges, and preside therein, to enquire into the state and condition of the said Lodges, receive from them such proposals and requests as they shall desire to bo offered to us for the welfare and prosperity of Masonry, or for the advantage and convenience of the said Lodges respectively ; and, in particular, that our Provincial Grand Master shall make enquiry into the Orders and Degrees of Masonry practised in the respective Lodges in his Province, and shall strictly prohibit and discharge them from practising any other Degrees than that of St John's Masonry, con- sisting of Apprentice, Fellow-Craft, and Master-Mason, the only Three Degrees sanctioned by the Grand Lodge of Scotland : And in general to do, execute, and perform everything which, by the rules of Masonry, is known to belong to the duty and office of a Provincial Grand Master ; requiring our said Provincial Grand Master to obey all such instructions as he shall receive from us, and to report to the Grand
4HS
THK oisiottt or rftKR HA9a>Rr.
Lotlge^ from timo to time, Uis wLote actlo^i^ &od proceedings in virtae of tills Coiami^on ; And wo horebj reqiufe th^ fbiwEud Lodges to pay ftil Uao ob^diMico to our «Atd Prortooiil Gno^ Mooter anil the W&rdnnB to b* hj bim ftppolot4Ml : Aod thb {>>iinnt«iou tbalJ contimiAJ m fofco utiLi] re«^ed. Jn le*limouy wLoreoC Uie* prefieaU arc gi7««l ui»d«r tJiu handtf of our S«cretar^ aotl CI<»rk, and tlto S««I of tbc timiti L<M^ bcroanto »pf 14^13 <)c(lt <«t tUo GroiiiJ Lmlgo of Scotland, hciUl tlia City of KJinbtir^lt^ tlitft daj nf ^ m I
year of our Lord <iDO tbonuuid ejgbt kunJred and and of ^faAonry dvo thoDwind ei^ht hundred and
By Command of tlo Most Worslifpful
Tbo Gr^nd Ma«ter'MaM>n ofSootlanO.
APPENDIX XVI. 489
APPENDIX XVI.
REOULATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OP PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTERS.
(Referred to at page 163, supra.)
]. That the Provincial Grand Master shall, with his earliest conve- nience, assemble and convene, at a place most suitable and convenient for all concerned, the respective Lodges in his district, and lay before them his Commission from the Grand Lodge.
2. That as it is of the utmost consequence to be accurately informed whether the Lodges holding of the Grand Lodge have complied with the requisites of the Act of Parliament and the Resolutions of the Grand Lodge, referred to at pages 151-154, supra, the Provincial Grand Master is particularly requested to attend that the Lodges in his district strictly and literally comply therewith.
3. That the Provincial Grand Master shall visit the Lodges in his district at such fixed and stated times as may be agreed on between them respectively : He shall also assemble them in such central places as may best suit the attendance of the Brethren of the Lodges under his charge, fourteen days at least prior to each of the Quarterly Com- munications of the Grand Lodge ; or if not four times, at least twice in every year ; the respective Lodges always receiving duo and timeous notification when and where such meeting or meetings are to be held«
4. That all complaints, whether by individual Brethren of Lodges^ or by one Lodge against another, shall be given in in writing, and must, in the first place, be brought before the Provincial Grand Master of the district, who shall immediately, or as soon thereafter as convenient, convene the Master an<l Wardens of all the Lodges in his district, and
by tlie oomptaiDt before tLesi, vben tliery, or ihts tmijanty of UwM pffc- nuiLjr ftppeftr to tb«iii jtul ftai profiev.
5. Tb&t tbe FroriacVLl OfxoJ Lodget cttOttd for i oompUtDU >bfttl oodMMt ooly of tho MaaUr mod Wardeiu, dnljr dactad by tbe nspoctive Lodget ht tbe year ; U>e ProrinciAl GtaiKi Ma^star^ ar, ta oaa ol liifl abtence, di« Maatef nd' tlie Seakir Lodge praMiitt to f RmtM and Conroitef ; anJ in >11 (^iifistioaa Woogbi bdbn nftjoTity of VQta «W1 deiermiue tbe vmtter.
fi, Th&t tbo M»t«» ^d AVardenfi of Uio res^pectirff Lodges shall not be «iititV(?J to bOrVO 24 vote at aDj of tho^e meet lags till .nch time aa lb4?y pfodu^ tboir AuDual Certifica^te fn^m tbe Grand Lod^^ ^f ibelr liario^ compLiod iritb tb« rc^tuntes of ibe Act of P^lUaneut ao^l ReeolutJOW of tbr Gnuid Lodge.
7. Tbat should eiUier of tbe parties be diABatiafied wltli the judgaieDt proDoiiticedf tbcy may bring it under tbe review of the Qnad Lod^** by :kppcaJ j or ebonld tbe PfDvincial Grand Lodge find a difficulty ID coming to IV decision^ tho Provincbil Grand Master may report the case to tbe Grand Lodge for their opinion and direction.
8. That in case of an appeal by the parties^ or a report by tbe Pro- vincial Grand Master, the complaint, with all the other papers and pro- ductions, and the proof taken therein, must be transmitted to tbe Grand Secretary or Grand Clerk on or before the first Monday of February, the first Monday of May, the first Monday of August, or tbe first Monday of November, these being the regular Quarterly Communica- tions of the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
9. That the Provincial Grand Master shall make inquiry into tbe Orders and Degrees of Masonry practised in the respective Lodges in his district, and strictly prohibit and discharge them from practising any other Degrees than that of St John's Masonry, consisting of Apprentice, Fellow- Craft, and Master Mason, — the only three Orders sanctioned by the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
10. That the Provincial Grand Master shaU make bis Secretary or Clerk keep regular Minutes of all the meetings and proceedings held by him and his Lodge ; and that, once in OYery year, viz. — previous to the Quarterly Communication in February, tho said Secretary or Clerk
APPENDIX XVI. 4yl
shall transmit an abstract of tbcso procoodings to the Grand Secretary or Grand Clerk, in order that the same may be laid before the Grand Lodge, and in this lieport ho shall particularly specify Ist, The names of those Lodges in tlio district that are in existence, and hold regular and stated meetings, and have complied with the requisites of the Act of Parliament and Resolutions of the Grand Lodge above referred to ; and 2dlt/, A list of those Lodges that do not hold regular meetings, the cause of their discontinuance, and, as nearly as possible, the time when they gave up holding these meetings ; so that the Grand Lodge may be accurately informed what Lodges are still in existence, and take such measures as may appear necessary for striking those that are Dormant ofl* the Roll of the Grand Lodge.
402
THE nrjsTOAV of fueb mabonhv^
APPENDIX XVir
FORM OP C0BUfJ£SIO?t BY A TROrj^aAL OEAXD MASTER.
T> A* B., Protriocml Omud Maator of the ProTinoe of
, ucttDg uD^or Warrant from The Gr akb Lodgi; of SroTKAirn, tlo hofoby nomiimto adJ ai^poirtt BTothor C D., Muster- Ma^M>a of thv Lod^ , to tbe ofEct^ of ^
tu i\w I'rovinmtkl CJmnd Lodgo of ;^ aud I hereby dednre
t]iat tbia af>]n>mtmm)L nhiin b« of no rvaU until tbe said Brotbcr C. D. Ui properly iiietsilkHi into said oltice in pr^wDCe of tbe said Provmcia) Omod Lodge ; and I fartlicr doclaro tbat this tippoinimotit sbatl remain lu forao nntil it ithnll wwm to me oxpodicnt to rfc&l tho eaiue, and to ajipoiiiL anutbt.^r Brotbor to tb» Uko olBoet
Givou under my Hand and Seal, at this day of
of L'vAit .08
A.D. 18
I
' If tlie Comniii^sion be in favour of Depute Provincial Grand Master, add licro — " Givin^r to him, in my absence, tho same powers which I myself possess."
^ If in favour of Substitute Provincial Grand Master, add here — " Giving to hiui, iu niyubsenco, aud iu tho absence of the Depute Provincial Grand Master, the same powers which 1 myself j)ossess."
APPENDIX XVIII. 493
APPENDIX XVIII.
COMMISSION IN FAVOUR OF A REPRESENTATIVE TO A SISTER GRAND
LODGE. ^
, Most Worshipful Grand Master-MasoD of Scotland, by and with the consent of the Grand Lodge^ hereby nominates, constitutes, and appoints
to be Representative to the Grand Lodge of , from the said Grand Lodge of Scotland. — Giving
and Granting by these Presents, to our said Representative, full power, warrant, and authority, to act and appear for us in said Grand Lodge of , and to co-operate on our behalf in all
laudable endeavours to promote the interest and prosperity of the Ancient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons.
Further, we do hereby, with advice and consent foresaid, confer on our said Representative the rank of
In testimony whereof these Presents are subscribed by us, and by the Secretary and Clerk of the Grand Lodge, at Edinburgh, this day of ,18, and of
Light 58 .
, Grand Master, , Grand Secy. , Grand Clerk,
^ [Representatives to Sister Grand Lodges may he appointed by the Grand Lodge at any Quarterly Communication ; and shall have conferred on them such rank as may he appropriate. Representatives from Sister Grand Lodges are, on presentation of their Commissions, received at any Quarterly Com- munication of the Grand Lodge^ and take such rank therein as is allowed in their Commissions ; but said Representative Members have no vote, a< iuch, in the Grand Lodge. — E.J
4fli rnic HiFTonv or mFt stAW>K«Y-
AIM^ENUIX XIX.
ttJEtJUl.ATtO^^ TO W OMVftVKft AT t.AVIfFO FOUNDATION-INTONES.
L Iiv &U cues wheo tbd (rmid tyodge U c»11od tipon to ofBcuiU) at tli« laymg of KoDn<1ft4ioii'6tonQ«f tbo ftppHoatioo mtiflt lie ihaiIo through thofintntj Si>crptnry or Gmnd Cleric^ ritlor c>f whom shall oo^veDC it moetiTig or thi) Omtjil l*ouiniitt«ti wkhia eight daja, and Iaj th« oune Wfore it> which ^hull havo power, if U seea fit, to take atepa to carry tbo «in)D into offiwtt fttid Ap3or tbo OrtiiTid Socrnt^ry to smumon a meei* in^ of tho Umtid Ludgo for the occhmioiIj At th« plm^^o ttnd diita ip^i^od,
:9l When thn uva of tho Gnmd Lod^ J^weln, Pkmphenialtaj A'<;., &r& loqujj^j hy Pruvmdal Gmud Lotlj^^es^ for tho ceremony of layioff FonndA^ llan^tot)e«, or other Maaouic deinaD«tnition»i tho apj>li(»ition most ha Tnnde through the ProrinHal Ornnd Mtwtor, ns hcfun? provided throuirh the (jtraiul Scrrotary or GninJ Clerk ; all expenses connected with the transmission of the Jewels, kc, to bo defrayed by tho })arties applying.
.'). WIkto Foundation-Stones are to bo laid in the Provinces with Masonic lionuurs, at which the Grand Lodge may not find it con- venient, or may not have been invited to attend, the Provincial Grand Master shall preside, and make all necessary arrangements ; or in his absence the Depute or Substitute Provincial Grand Master, or Senior or Junior Provincial Grand Warden; whom failing, the Master of the Senior LoJgo of the district. In the event of the Provincial Grand Lodge being dormant, it .shall bo in the power only of the Grand Lodge or (irand Committee to appoint a l^rother to preside, who may select the other OHlce-bearers for tho occasion.
I. All Masonic Processions at laying Foundation-Stones shall bo carricil into etlect, as nearly as tho circumstances will permit, as pro- vided for in A])pt'ndix T to the Grand Lo(lge Laws. *
."). No Lodge in the Edinburgh District .shall bo permitted to conduct ho ceremony of laying a Foundation-Stono without the sanction of tho (iraud Lodge or Grand Committee being first obtained; or, if in the Provinces, that of the Provincial Grand Master.
' 1 Sue A})j)eiulix x\ liercuf. l'..J
APPENDIX XX. 405
APPENDIX XX.
ORDER OF PROCESSION, AND CEREMONIAL TO BE OBSERYED AT LAYING A FOUNDATION-STONE.
The Grand Lodge having been opened at a convenient place^ and the necessary directions and instructions given, it is adjourned. The Brethren being in Iheir proper Clothing and Jewels, and wearing White Gloves, the Procession moves in the following order, viz. —
Band of Music.
Lodges present, and their Brethren, accordiDg to Seniority on the
Grand Lodge Roll, — Junior Lodge in front.
Stranger Brethren belonging to warranted Lodges holding of a recognised Grand
Lodge, other than that of Scotland. Members of the Grand Lodge according to Seniority on the Roll of Lodges, —
Juniors in front.
Past Grand >[a8ters.
Provincial Grand Lodges, — Home and Foreign.
Provincial Grand Masters.
Past Grand Wardens, Ac.
Band of Music.
Grand Marshals.
Grand Tyler. (WUh Drawn Swardi,) Grand Tyler.
Grand Director of Music. Grand Bard. Grand Director of Ceremonies.
Grand Steward. ( With White Rods J Grand Steward.
Level. (Carried by Operativei.) Plumb.
Grand Steward. (White Poda.) Grand Steward.
Compass. (Carried by Operatives.) Square.
Grand Steward. ( White Rods.) Grand Steward.
Mallet,
(Carried by an Operative.)
Grand Steward. ( White Rods.) Grand Steward.
y Me (Wine.) Comucopm (Com.) VaBe(OiL)
Grand Steward. Grand Steward. Grand Steward.
(With White Rods.)
Grand Jeweller.
Grand Bible-Bearer.
Inscription Plates. Architect with Plans. Bottles with Coins, &c.
anB4Bc«v«H. OmmI £H*v»rd. Gt«ad Steward.
B«&iorCnfta0Meim- Onnd Owflutt Iq kk R4ib«. Junior GMnd
Gf^SlcwutL {WkiuItodM.} Gnad &t«w«fd.
Omprf8wf«Uf7. Gf«ii^ TrvMMirer. Grand Clerk.
Gniid 8c«»tf)L Gnmi Steward. Grtad 6(««ard.
Sm&w Qtud Ward««, fV^ A^om^J JvilorGmiid AVq
Gnw4 5tow«rd. fWiki^B^dd.) Grand dtowont
FM OraD4 IfMttfr. D«p«U OmwI MaPttr. Suhrtitoto Grvid BfuUr^
Gnwd Stvv]iftd. Vtov-PnaUiVol of Graad SUiwuiU, fin^Hl StrtraHL
T*fi on AND MASTEBL
tji 1 r I ■■HI* hit Hi \ar>4M| tnivwari»^ [ ^Ifli
HftTui^ uTired inUtlii ft H^^ptr itiatftiKV of tbe Stottv, tbe Proc6*n(m balu, iLv Drrtlirtfti o|>m to Um right *d4 kft^ «o«« to Wre room for tli^ Om&d Ma«Ur Ami otlicr Offiee^bcsnn lo poJd up tli« eectre. On lU'firui^ At tbe PlmtforiD —
Tbe AvcbSUici ta tb« ftt«t of tbo 5lA«uiiic ProcMaioa wKo wolk^ up to de Flatforai on tbe RiM; 2</<fV, tlie Gtud CbspUin ; 3f//y, th& Gnuut Jcw^^IKt, (jran«l Deacons, Gniud Clerk, Graii<l Secretary, (irand Trea- surer, Graixl \\'anlens, an^l Sul'stituto ; then the Grand Master, Past Grand Ma>ter, an-l Depute (Jraiui Ma^trr, fu!K»\ved by the Provincial Grand Ma-tor.^ and IVethren attenilant. — all giving way to the Grand Master when t>n the riatfurni, and the Substitute taking the right of the Gran<l Ma.-ter.
Ban<l of Mu.-ie to be thereafter placed in a conspicuous situation; and the (iran<l Jewels, kc, to be laid on the (Irani Ma:?ter's Table.
*' Quern's Anthem,'' by tlie Banii.
'' Hail Masonrt/," by the Bau<l.
The (rrand ('haj)lain to offer up a Prayer.
The (irand Master calls upon the (irand Treasurer, Secretary, and Clerk to place the Coins, kc, in the cavities of the Stone, aud the Architect to l»ring forward the necessary workmen ; — when Coins, <i:c. are place*!, —
" Gnat L'l'jht to Shint,'' is played by the Band.
While this is playing, three distinct stops to be made in brincrinff down the Stone.
The Grand Master upon this walks down from the Platform to the East of the Stone, with tlic Substitute on his right hand, the Grand
APPENDIX XX. 497
Wardeos walking before him, who go to the West, having with them the Level and the Plamb.
The Grand Master says — R. W. Substitute Grand Master yon will cause the rarious implements to bo applied to the Stone that it may be laid in
its bed according to the rules of Masonry. The Substitute Grand
Master orders the Wardens to do their duty. The Grand Master
then says — Right Worshipful Junior Grand Warden, What is the proper
Jewel of your Office 1 The Plumb. Have you applied the Plumb
to the several edges of tho Stone ] 1 have, M. W. G. M.
Right Worshipful Senior Grand Warden, What is the proper Jewel
of your Office 1 The Level. Have you applied the Level to the
top of the Stone ? 1 have, M. W. G. M.
Right Worshipful Substitute Grand Master, What is the proper Jewel
of your Office 1 The Square. Have you applied the Square to
those parts of the Stone that are square ? 1 have, M. W. G. M.
The Grand Master then says — Having, My R. W. Brethren, full con- fidence in your skill in our Royal Art, it remains with me now to finish this our Work.
He then gives the Stone three Knocks, saying —
" May the Almighty Architect of the Universe look down with be- nignity upon our present undertaking, and crown the edifice, of which we have now laid the foundation, with every success."
Three Cheers !
Music.
" On ! On my dear Brethren.''
During the Music, The Cornucopia} is delivered to the Substitute, the Vase with Wine to the Senior Grand Warden, and the Vase with Oil to the Junior Grand Warden.
After the Music ceases the Cornucopia? is delivered by the Substitute to the Grand Master, who throws it upon the Stone. The Vase with Wine is then handed to the Substitute, and is delivered by him to the Grand Master, who pours it upon the Stone, and the Oil in the same manner, saying —
" Praise bo to the Lord immortal and eternal, who formed the Heavens, laid tho foundations of the Earth, and extended tho Waters beyond it, — who supports the Pillars of Nations, and maintains in order and harmony surrounding worlds. We implore Thy aid, and may tho continued blessings of an all-bounteous Providence be the lot of theso
33
498
TSS nVTOBV or VUB MAflOinT.
our aatiTe sboraa ; imd may the Almigbty Ruler of Eveuts dwgm to^V] direct the Iiand of our gnwions Sovereign, ho that she may pour dowa bl^^in^ npon hot people ; and may her people^ living urider sago Iavr% in n free Oovonimeut, ever feci grateful for the blessings they enjoy «**
Ttio Grand Officers return to thoir Platform when the Anthem
Tbree Cheett!
I Addresi by the Mmsi Worahipftil th« Grojid Maator^
• Heply,
*' Buf€ Britanniar
The Froeeaaion then retttm< m mrerted ordt^r to the place bvm which it aet out, where the &raod Lodge id cloeod.
APPENDIX XXI. 499
APPENDIX XXI.
FUND OP SCOTTISH MASONIC BENEVOLENCE, INSTITUTED 3D AUGUST 1846.
(Bef erred to at page 258, fupra.)
[The funds are raised by moans of Annual Contributions from the Office- Bearers and Members of the Grand Lodge, and Lodges in the Edinburgh District, by a fee of one shilling on each recorded Intrant, and by donations from the Brethren and Daughter Lodges. All applications for charity must be by Petition in one or other of the following forms, and must be certified by the Master or Proxy Master of the Lodge from which the Petitioner derives right ; but in the event of such Lodge being dormant, struck oiF the Roll, having no Proxy in town, or being in arrear, such applications may be certified by any duly qualified Master or Proxy Master. No Peti- tion can be received from any Brother, or from his widow or child, if his name is not enrolled in the Grand Lodge books. In extraordinary cases the Committee are empowered, after satisfactory examination, to afibrd relief to Brethren of the Grand Lodges of England, Ireland, or Foreign Countries ; and in cases of peculiar urgency the Grand Secretary or Grand Clerk may give such poor or itinerant Brethren as appear proper objects of charity a sum not exceeding ten shillings, if the exigency of their cir- cumstances do not admit of the delay necessary to lay their cases before the Committee. Petitioners must state the number of their family, if any, and their respective ages, and who, if any of them, are earning livelihoods for themselves, and whether the applicants are in receipt of parochial or other relief. All Petitions must be lodged at least three days previous to the meeting of Committee. Forms may be obtained on application at the Offices of the Grand Lodge.— iE.]
PETITION FOR RELIEF BY A MEMBER OF THE CRAFT.
To the Managing Committee of the Fund of Scottish Masonic Benevolence.
The Petition of {Name and Address,)
Sheweth, That your Petitioner was duly entered as a Member of the Craft, in the Lodge {Here name the Lodge to which the Petitioner belongs) holding
300
rcTG msTonT or tnt^s. masoicrt*
of TLe GoAXD Lddo? op Scutlakd, No* , on or nlout tbe
Jaj of 18 , (//(pnp «taU ctof </ fnUiatton) tind m con-
eei^uenoo of (V/rjif i^rtfr iA^f /Mirt*czi/<ir eircHmntancnf of thr co^f) l^ now
under the necessity of jivcktog^ nftiistiukuc from the l^'und tnjilcr your
ii»ftD«f,'emet;t
Mk7 H tlicrt^foro plcoac tho Committee to lifforU sucK a^UtAnoie us ID thu dirumiftan^Ttjd may be tlionglit proper
And your Petitioner will ever pmy, (Dtttc)
Ctrt^cat^ by Ifastfr or Prory Ma^Ur^ attached to the prrceding Pfilt%<m^ Ae Matter or Prmy Maeter of i\\e Led^, No. ^ to wlncli Oie
above named Broiljcr helong*> I certify iliat wlut is g^ore out sucit fftntcd in tho foregoing Petition \% correct und con.^i stent words oa am^ with my kuowlotl^'x*, nml I rf^t^omtnenJ [c^r] do not recom* notappJicable. mond [oA thv case vuiy U) him ma dett^rring of aa^dtance from the Fu^u OP SctiTTi'iU Masonic Benevolbncb.
tin* fl ble: ■
(•^ign) (Date)
APPENDIX XXII. 501
APPENDIX XXII.
PETITION FOR BELIEF BY THE WIDOW! OR GUILD OP A DECEASED
FREEMASON.
(Hrferred to at page 258, tvpra,)
To the Managing Committee of the Fund op Scottish Masonic Benevolence.
The Petition of {Name and Address.) Sheweth, That year Petitioner is {State the capacity in which the Applicant comes be/ore the Committee) of , who was regolarly
entered as a Member of the Craft in the Lodge {Name and Number of the Lodge) holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, No. , on or
about the day of , 18 , and in consequence of
{Here state the particular circumstances of the case, to enable the Com- mittee to decide upon the application) is now under the necessity of seeking assistance from the Fund op Scottish Masonic Benevolence.
May it therefore please the Committee to afford such relief as in the circumstances may be thought proper.
And your Petitioner will ever pray,
(Sign)
(Date)
Certificate by Master or Proxy Masttr^ attached to the preceding Petition,
As Master or Proxy Master of the Lodge, No. , to which {state
whether husband or father) of the Petitioner belonged, I g^ore out such certify that the statement contained in the preceding words as are Petition is correct, and I recommend [or] do not recom- ^^^ applica e. mend (a« the case may be) the Applicant to the favourable consideration of the Committee.
(Sign)
(Date)
' Satisfactory evidence of Marriage mutt be produced by Widows of Afasont on pre- tentation of this Petition.
502
TUB mSTOBT t>9 PUEfi MAMlMtl\
APPENDIX XXIIL
M80A1PTI0N OP TU£ CtOXniKO AN[> JSW£LS OJP TOB GEiJfD tOtXJK OF SOOTLAKD.
CTboaa form ]i«rt of the JllaAtnLtigDi of this Volome.] Tii£ Jeirelft of tlio Oruu*! Lodge (Gold) are %h follows : —
Attdnvw ttn tho Crow^r— pL^mlunt iliortrfr^Dii Uiu CompaMtww c^trudt^, tvhU tht: S^an»» Bud Brjfmvtkt of a ciroft? uf f^fV^f-tlio poiti(H of thn Oompittei »#&- in^ on tho ^«-^monL In tbo centre, twtwcvti the Squaro and fVinjuwn^* t^ Sua in ftjll fjlory.
A similar Jewel of less dimensions, but without the Sun between the
Square and Compasses.
Depute ( rnnid Maxttr. The Compasses and Square united, pendant fiora a small brilliant Strr.
Substitufr < Iran (I Mdsitry Senior ilrand Wardtn^ Junior (irand Warden, (irand Treasnn r^ (irand Seautun/j ( Irand Chrk, (irand (Vi'i)>lnin^ Senior (rrand /hacon, Junior (rnuuf Lharun,
(irand Jt v\ller
The Square, pendant from a Star. The Lovel,^ ditto.
The Plumb, 1 ditto.
A Chased Key.
Key and Pen, crossed with a Tie. Cross Pens, with a Tie. I'.radiated Eye in a Triaufjle. The Mallet, within a Wreath. The Trowel, within a Wreath.
Grand Architect ^ Corinthian Column, based on a Sei^meut of .00".
A GoldsmitirsHamnur, within a Wreath.
(irand liibh-Dcarcr^ The Hihle, encircled with Pranchos of Acacia and Palm. Grand Director of i\rejnoni<ii, . Cross Pods, with Tic.
Grand Hard, .... A (Jreciau Pyre.
' Tl)o SqM.irt' and ('oiiii>asso.s, I.cvtl, and Pluiiib Rule, arc tlio Musonic Jewels proper. Thc otbtTM arr llonorarv .Kw.Ih.
APPENDIX XXIII.
503
Graiid Sword- Bearer , , . Cross Swords, with Tio.
Grand Director of Music, . Cross Trumpets, with Garland.
Grand Marshals, .... Cross Baton and Sword.
Grand Tyler, .... The Sword.
President of the Board of Grand Stewards, — Cornucopia} and Cup, within aWreath.
Provincial Grand Master, — The Compasses and Sqiuire, with a five-pointed Star
in Centre.
Provincial DcptUe Grand Master, — The Compasses and Square.
The other Officers of Provincial Grand Lodges are entitled to wear Jewels of the same description as those worn by the corresponding Office- Bearers of the Grand Lodge.
The Grand Master's Collar, fn)m which his Jewel is suspended, is of gold, of the depth of one inch and 2-lOths, and consists of sixteen Thistles, between each of which are the letters " G. L." in double cypher, interlaced. The Thistles enamelled in their proper colours.
The Collars, from which the Jewels of the other Grand GfBcera and Provincial Grand Officers are suspended, are of Thistle Green Ribbon.
The Office-Bearers of the Grand Lodge wear over the right shoulder, and under the left arm. Cordons or Sashes of Thistle Green Ribbon, not exceeding four inches broad.
The Apron of the Grand Master is trimmed with two-inch Gold Lace (Acorn Pattern), and has embroidered in Gold, on the fall, which is semicircular and of Green Satin, — the Compasses and Square, — the Sun in splendour, — the Moon and Seven Stars, <kc. — within a Wreath of Thistles.
The Aprons of the other Grand Officers are all trimmed with green, and have green falls, on which are embroidered in Gold the Emblems of their respective Offices, encircled by Garlands of Thistles, Acacia, Palm, &c.
The Badge of Honorary Members of the Grand Lodf/e of Scotland is worn as a Medal on the breast ; but neither the Apron nor Cordon of the Grand Lodge is conferred on them — their decoration being the dis- tinctive Badge provided for them.
Representative Members to Sister Grand Lodges wear Clothing (viz. —Apron, Cordon, and Ribbon, with Badge), similar to the Clothing of Grand Officers.
The Two largo Vases. — The one for Oil, and the other for Wine, are of Silver, having the Arms of the Gmnd Lodge beautifully chased thereon, the top surmounted by a St Andrew on the Cross.
504
TBB HtSTOnV OF FHKB WASOXBV.
The JewoU of Snbcrdmate Lodges are generally of silrerr iiiii] are ft0 under : —
Tlio Coifipas^ea and Squo^, $c^[V«(
of Circle, ivnd Sun. The Compoft^ieOf SquArc atid Sc^onL
Tbu LrvuL
Th« Key.
ErndihtciU Fi^o in u Triaoglo^ Tlici >U11ct wd TrawoK
GottlituhlirA IJiimiDcr, Thu UihW. Cruw Swor<}a Thti Swonl>
Junior Wardttt^
Arehitiei, *
7>K
Tbe Or«ii4 L'^l^'O^ with n Heir to nuifbrmity, recotumentl for adop- tion tlio followtu^^ |>AUrme of Aprppa : —
Apprrt}fice, — A plain wliito lAmlskiti, (w'ith epmlcircubr fall or fttip) 10 iiiclies wide, and 14 inclies deep; square at bottom, and witliout ornament — white strings.
FtUowCntft. — Same as above, witli the addition of two Rosettes, of the eolour worn by the Lodge, at the bottom.
M((sf<r Jfdsoit. — 'Dimen.sion.s an above, edged with the colour of the Lodge, and an additional Rosette on the fall or flap.
J/a.s-^^/>' (tiid /*ast-M((sffrs of Subordinate Lod<jes. — In place of each of the Rosettes on the Master Mason's Apron, a horizoutal line, two and a half inches b)ng, with a jierpendicular line from the centre, one inch high, thereby forming two right angles, in imitation of a rude level. These Emblems to be of Ribbon, half an inch broad, of the colour of the Lodge of which the wearer is the Master or Past Master.
The OfHce-Bcarers of Subordinate Lodges may wear Sashes of the colour adopted by the Lodge, not exceeding four inches broa<l, and in front may have ( inbroidercd, or otherwise di.^tiuctly marked thereon, the name or number of the Lodge.
>
APPENDIX XXIV.
505
APPENDIX XXIV.
ALPHABETICAL TABLE OP GRAND OFFICE-BEARERS IN THE GRAND LODGE OF SCOTLAND, FROM THE FIRST ELECTION ON ST ANDREW'S DAY 1736 TO ST ANDRE'V^'S DAY 1 858, INCLUSIVE.
(Referred to at page 100, supra,)
[The names of the present Grand Office- Bearers are in Italics. Those who have died in Office are distinguished by an Asterisk.]
Name, &c.
Aberdour, Sholto Charles, Lord ... Aboyoe, George, Earl of
Alison, Andrew
Alison, James
Alison, Robert, Writer, Edinburgh... Allan, Thomas, Merchant and Dean of Guild
Alston, Charles, M.D
Ancrum, William, Earl of
Anderson, David, of St Germains . . .
Anderson, Samuel, W.S
Anderson, William
Argyle, George William, Duke of...
A mot, Reverend David, D,D
Athole, John, 3d Duke of
A thole, John, 4th Duke of
Athole, Geonje Augusitis Frederick John, Gth Duke of, K.T,
(See also Gleolyon, Lord.)
|
Office Held. |
Year of Election. |
|
G. Master |
175.5, 1756 |
|
D. G. M. |
1801 |
|
G. Master |
1802, 1803 |
|
S. G. AV. |
1763, 1764 |
|
Sub. G. M. |
1767-1771 |
|
G. Clerk |
1752-1758 |
|
G. Clerk |
1736-1752 |
|
J. G. W. |
1744 |
|
J. G. W. |
1737 |
|
D. G. M. |
1792, 1793 |
|
G. Master |
1794,1795 |
|
J. G. W. |
1831 |
|
S. G. W. |
1832 |
|
J. G. W. |
1818 |
|
S. G. W. |
1819 |
|
G. Dir. Cer. |
1842-1846 |
|
D. G. M. |
1820, 1821 |
|
G. Master |
1822,1823 |
|
Int. G. Chaplain |
Fob. 4, 1850 |
|
G. Chaplain |
1850-1858 |
|
G. Master |
1773 |
|
G. Master |
1778, 1779 |
|
G. Master |
1 1846-1858 |
UhuTf Uaviii Aiuleriiion, of Incliyra
a a* M.
O. Clork O, CMrk J- Q. D. S. G. D, J. O. W.
D. G. M. ■ J. G. \V. I S. G, W.
fj. Tr«isuft;r I J. 0. IX I G. Clork I S. tK W.
]M.i'\T^ JhIihoh Ifnn^fT
Holt, IhivU-
iJiiflWl.^l]^ JJl" Ji>]ltl , .,
Bt>hwul]j .l:nnL'^ (tliti lHogr;ipljer of -S, (r. W.
JfFlltlHOn) ]). G, M.
Hnvii, nljiinL^^, Liihl ,H,.. I G. Mn^^tor
\)ny\f\ i;,*v. Jnlin. BX\L G. t.ha].]!iin
lirrii'hvinfOj .Ikjfiti ^ » (j. Tyii^p
iiftiw]], ^^lUn, ,McMi:»rit,*..-..t *'■ G- \V.
Jir^K*".^ hitviil ,. Joint 0, Archt.
0. Arcljitoijl
Bri/cc, Wifl'i'ini M G. Tyler
I5ucIkiii, David, I'lurl of Cr. Master
liiR'liaii, Jfrnry I);ivid, Earl of G. Master
(Sec ulso Cardross, Henry David, Lord.)
Biiclian, Henry David,' 12tli Earl of ! D. G. M.
(i. Ma-^ter
Buchanan, (icori^'c • G. Tyler
Budge, William, \V. S., J. G. W.
Burn, William (r. Arcliitoct
Butter, ArcliiUald, of Easeally
,1. G. w^
S. G. W.
\Hm
lHlO-1815
J7W), 1781
I7T1, 1772
U30
1&37
177IfJT72
1 773-1 776
1790-1837
1758-1766
IS47
IgdO
J7«8, I78n 1SI3
tS4l
]7eJ>-J77l»
1753
177;3
1770'j 1 777
1751
l!S44-lS4i*
17(^!i-l77J>
3 74.J
JM4-J8.J0
is/io- ]s;>s
isi7-isr>8 17 Si, I7s;j 1743
1S3(), 1831
1S32
1807-1838
173.5, 173«>
1 827-1 8.",0
182J)
IS 30
APPENDIX XXIV.
507
Name, &c.
Cairnie, Dr John
Campbell, Sir Donald, of Dunstaff-
nage, Bart. Campbell, Walter F ., of Islay
Campbell, William
Cardross, Henry David, Lord ^
(See also Buchan, Henry David, Earl oQ Charteris, Hon. Francis, of Amisfield^
Office Held.
Year of Election.
Charteris, Francis, Junior'
(See also Elcho, Francis, Lord.) Clark, John
Clephan, Colonel William Douglas,
Clerk, John, Yr. of Eldin, Advocate Cochran, Thomas *
Coghill, John
Colquboun, James *
Congleton, Wm., Junior, of that Hk Craig, Wm. Gibson, Yr. of Riccarton
Craigie, Charles Halkett
(See also Inglis, C. C. Halkett.)
Crawford, Earl of
Cromarty, George, Earl of
Cnnningbam, Alexander
Cunningham, Alexander, *
Cunningham, William
Cunningbame, Dr Henry
Sub. G. M. S. G. D. S. G. W. J. G. W. S. G. W. S. G. W. S. G. W.
S. G. W. : G. Master
D. G. M.
G. Master i S. G. W.
Sub. G. M. I J. G. W. ! S. G. W.
S. G. W.
Assist. G. Tyler
G. Tyler
Chief Marshal
J. G. W.
S. G. W.
J. G. W.
S. G. W.
J. G. D.
J. G. W.
D. G. M.
G. Master
J. G. W.
G. Jeweller
G. Jeweller
S. G. W.
Dalhousie, George, 8th Earl of ... i Dalhousie, George, 9th Earl of
G. Master D. G. M. G. Master G. Master
Dalkeith, Charles William, Earl of
(Afterwards Duke of Bucclench, &c.) I Dalrymple, Sir John Hamilton, of J. G. W. Cousland, Bart.' I S. G. W.
1771, 1772
1836
1837
1822
1823
1790, 1791
1739
1746 1747 1781 1786
1796, 1797 1798-1805 1791
1792, 1793 1807-1810 Feb. 2, 1756 1761-1768 1857-1858 1741 1737 1823 1824 1840 1841
1706, 1797 1737 1754
1801-1812 1813-1844 1755, 1756
1767, 1768 1802-1804 1804, 1805 1800,1801
1812 1813
^ Succeeded to the Earldom of Buchan in October 1745.
« Succeeded in 1787^ as 6th Earl of Wemyss.
' His father having succeeded in 1787, as 6th Earl of Wemyss, Mr Charteria
assumed the courtesy title of Lord Elcho, and as such was elected Grand
Master on the 30th November 1787. He succeeded to the Llarldom of
Wemyss in 1808.
* Late Lord Provost of Edinburgh. * Succeeded as Earl of Stair, March 1840.
TBB ttlSTORT OF Pft£B VAAOKRT.
NaVl9, A«^
Omcw tloll
YoftT of Election,
Dsli^mple, Dftvld ..
Dftlwll, RoWft
DtvJi^ir, John, of3f^rnin$*Ue
li^uckar, PtUrUJk% Va^Aain^ Ji.S^^ -.,
D<^irfvr, JAinc^, of VogHo »**,„
Dick, Jolui ^„,,
Dfck^oti, Sir Robett. of Carb<MTy, Bt.
iJnrirtitWiK Willitini * .,., .♦,.>. ♦.♦
J>ou;^Ia« anil CJ^ilo^JuIe, Wtllmm
Alo^anflrr Anthonj ArcfiiMd,
Mnri^u«w3 [>/ (Uako of HnTnilton).
Dou<,'lui9r ^obn^ Surgijoti^ BJitiltir^h
Doqgk*, Sir Oliartoa. Burt
Dnimmondj Goor^, ^ <
Drommond, George Home, of Bnco
DrammoTu!, MnnfltimMo VV, H
( \'nU siiJitJi.ai.iti, >rii!itL^r uf ) lUurmuuUil, Sir Jjimes \V., ^A JIuw-
Ih'lfhn^fiijfu Tff*ff^OiA^
Duir, xMajijr-UojioTiii Hull. Alojtarid*?!,
J*uli', Hiclinnl ^\'liJLrlmj, of Ortown
l>uii»fno>, I'Lilnck, ICiirl of
Dunciidj HfjU'H, Visuount
Duxidns, SiinriH^ors, ilobert
DutitlaSf Sir Uaviil, ^tf Uuuiru, Bfirt,
J. 0, W, P. 0. M,
S. G. W. 0. DibU-Be&rtr 0. Dir. Ccr. J.-G. \V. O.StronlB
ClotlUor, &o. 0> Muu»r
Ditto J. G, W. J. G. W. D. G. M, i.h A!atttor J. G, VV- O, MftMer J. G. D.
J. G 1). J. G. \\\ S. G. W.
J, <;. n,
J. G. \\\ S, G, W. J. G. W. G, iMnsler
D. r;, M.
G, Maxtor
J. G. W.
S. G. AV.
Ef(jj>Tos% AU^viiTnlt.'r, Kurl of
Elcim, Frjdit'is. \t\\vA ;
(Stv alsu (.;htirti*ji^ rruncia^ Junior) ; Elclio, Fniinii.H, L<>rd
Elgin a nU Kiucanlino, Cities., Earl of
G. Mfistor
n. G, >[,
G, Master G. Master
1752 1754
177^, J7T5 1780, 17«1 lH47*t«J8 1S4J^-I85S 1804, l«OS^
1742 1843 tSSS 1833, 1^34
H\f 13, 1737 l7^0-l75f tSOQ, 1801 l792,17J*aJ I7l*4, I7MT 17£>6, 1707 1738 1752 18^
I8:i0
1851
1K14
1810, 1811 1T7I, 1772 isn», L'^M
lft42
1750 1787
L82(i
lfci27-^1830 nUl, 1762
^ CoTniuissioner of Kxcise in North Britain, and Lord rrovost of Edinburgh in 1752.
APPENDIX XXIV.
509
|
Name, ftc. |
Office Held. |
Year of Election. |
|
Elphinstono, Alexander |
S. G. W. |
1767, 1768 |
|
Errol, Geor«;e, Earl of |
D. G. M. |
1790, 1791 |
|
Errol, William, 15th Earl of |
D. G. M. |
1804 |
|
Erskine, Honourable Henry |
J. G. W. |
1773 |
|
Erskine, Thomas, Lord |
G. Master |
1749 |
|
Erskine, Sir William |
D. G. M. G. Treasurer |
1769, 1770 |
|
Ewart, James |
17.';5-1757 |
|
|
Farquh ARSON, William |
J. G. W. |
1780, 1781 |
|
Ferguson, Alexander |
S. G. W. |
1782, 1783 |
|
Ferguson, Robert, Yr. of Raith, M.P. |
J. G. W. |
1806 |
|
Fife, James, Earl of |
G. Master |
1814,1815 |
|
Fincastle, Alex. Edward, Viscount |
D. G. M. |
1834 |
|
G. Master |
1835 |
|
|
Fitz-Clarence, Lord Fred., G.C.H. |
D. G. M. |
1840 |
|
G. Master |
1841, 1842 |
|
|
Fletcher, Andrew, of Salton |
J. G. W. |
1827 |
|
S. G. W. |
1828 |
|
|
Fletcher, Miles A ., Advocate |
J. G. W. |
1821 |
|
S. G. W. |
1822 |
|
|
Forbes, Captain A., of PittencrieflT... |
S. G. W. |
1740 |
|
Forbes, Honourable James, Master of |
G. Master |
1754 |
|
Forbes, Sir William, of Pitsligo, Bt., |
J. G. W. |
1765-1769 |
|
G. Master |
1776, 1777 |
|
|
Forbes, Sir Wm., J. Hunter, k Co., |
G. Treasurers |
1830-1845 |
|
Forrest, Rt. Hon. Sir James, of Comis- |
||
|
ton, Bt, Lord Provost of Edinr.... |
G. Master |
1838, 1839 |
|
Foulis, Sir James |
S. G. W. Sub. G. M |
1794 179 > |
|
Fraser, George |
1752-1755 |
|
|
1). G. M. |
1755-1761 |
|
|
Fraser, Simon |
S. G. W. |
1776. 1777 |
|
Galloway, Alexander, Earl of |
G. Master |
. 1 1 V, A f 1 1 1757,1758 |
|
Geddes, James |
S. G. W. |
1774, 1775 |
|
George IV |
Patron |
1820-1830 |
|
GilGllan, Robert* |
G. Bard. D. G. M. |
1836-1850 |
|
Glenlyon, George Augustus F. |
1841,1842 |
|
|
John, Lord |
G. Master |
1843-1846 |
|
(See also Athole, Duke of.) |
||
|
Glenorchy, John, Viscount (now |
D. G. M. |
1822, 1823 |
|
Marquess of Breadalbane) |
G. Master |
1824, 1825 |
|
Gordon, Hon. Alexander |
J. G. W. |
1T6I, 1762 |
|
D. G. M. |
1765, 1766 |
|
|
Gordon, Charles Hamilton |
D. G. M. |
1752 |
|
G. Master |
1753 |
|
|
Gordon, Sir Charles |
J.G.D. |
1838, 1839 |
|
Gonlon, George |
S. G. W. |
1784, 1785 |
rfll ij ,^m^ XGLSl
0 s. a w,
H>r, J»Mrrf Hafiti^fc;,' a Tin ■■■
mj, iMMc J. C. W.
HeodenM, Joluu <^ LMtoa J. G. W.
HetiTv, Wiliam G. Tfier
Home, James, U .5 J. G.'W.
Hope, Sir Aiexao<ler, of Kerae J. G. W.
Hor^man, Ri. Hon. EdwwL M.P... S. G. D.*
Hc^§t<»o, A odiew, of JardaabiU J. G. W.
Hunter, Jzmea G. Treasurer.
(.See ftbo Blair.)
Hunter, Lt.-C^A. Jamet G. Swofd-Bearer
HooUj, George, ^farques of. G. 3Iaetcr
Hotefauon, DaTid Jnn. G. Tjkr
c:H,nv
l«<9 ItfU
19U 1*17
HKi, ITS3
17^1798 1751
177^1788 1786, 1787 1736 1841
17-94, 17»o 1757-1779
1857, 1858 1792, 1793 1810
l3rGLis, C. C. Halkett, of Ciamcmd (.S«e alio Craigi«, CbaHea HalketL) InglU, Henry, W.S.
InglU, WnL, of MiddletoD, W.S.,.
Sub. G. M.
S. G. D. J. G. W. S. G. W. Sob. G. M.
1851
1855 1856
1857. 1858 1805-1828
* Succeeded to the Baronetcy, and elected Grand Tiiatm as Sir John Haj, 3Ctlf NoTember 1810. See alio page 209, m^n,
s Socoeeded to the Baronetcj, and elected Sobstitate Grand Mailer as Sr John Haj, 30th NoTember 1S30.
APPENDIX XXIV.
5J1
Name, &c.
Jameson, R. W., W.S
Jocelyn, Hon. Augustus G. F.
Keir, Patrick, of Kindrogan
Kellie, John, Earl of
Kennedy, David, Advocate
Kerr, Lord Robert
Kilmarnock, William, Earl of
Kinloch, Sir David, of Gilraerton, Bt.
Kinloch, Col. John, of Kilrie, K.S.F.
Kinnaird, Charles, Lord
Kinnaird, Geo. Wm. Fox, Lord
Kinnoul, Thomas Robert, Earl of...
Kintore, John, Earl of
Laino, William
Lauder, Sir John Dick, of Fountain- hall, Bart
Lauder, Sir Thomas Dick, of Foun- tainhall, Bart
Laurie, Alexander * *
Laurie, Wm, Alexander, W.S,*
Lee, Rev. John, D.D., (Principal of
the University of Edinburgh)
Leon, Morris
Leven and Melville, Alex., Earl of Leven and Melville, David, Earl of
Lind, Dr James
Lindesay, Patrick
Lindsay, Patrick
Office Held.
G. Bard Sub. G. M.
S. G. D. J. G. W. S. G. W. G. Master J. G. W. D. G. M. G. Master J. G. W. S. G. W. J. G. D. S. G. D. J. G. W. S. G. W. Sub. G. M. D. G. M. D. G. M. G. Master D. G. M. G. Master G. Master
G. Bible-Bearer J. G. D. S. G. D. J. G. W. S. G. W.
J. G. W. S. G. W, Sub. G. M. Joint G. Sec. G. Secretary G. Secretary
G. Chaplain G. Bible-Bearer G. iVIaster G. Master S. G. W. S. G. W. J. G. W.
1764 1768
Year of Election.
1851 1846
1852
1853
1854
1763,
1740
1767,
1742
1828
1829
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848,
1812-
1829
1830,
1824,
1826
1738
1818 1848 1849 1850 1851
1849 1814
1831 1825
1834 1835
1838, 1839 1810, 1811 1812-1831 1831-1858
1810-1825
1846
1741
1759, 1760
1769, 1770
1738
1753
* Was Assistant Grand Secretary from Au^st 3, 1801. ' Was Assistant Grand Secretary from November 30, 1826.
^
Madic>«XM^ Sir Job* 31,
Bawt : J. G.W.
Mackenzie, Willbm F^ of PortoKm J. G. W.
S. G. W.
Maekie, Jamcfl G. Tjler
Mzefmothle, James A., AdToesite ... J. G. W.
S. G. W. MaitIao#l/Sir)A.C.Gib«»ii,afaifU>n-
hall, (Bart) J. G. W.
Maitland, John, of Ecclea J. G. W.
S. G. W.
Maitland, J<>bn » G. acrk.
Malcolm, Darid G. Tjler
Maf»n, William CloUiier, &c.
Mansfield, James, of Midmar S. G. W.
Marjoribanks, Sir Jobo, of Lees, D. G. M.
Ilart, M,P G. Master
Ma»on, William G. Secretary
Maale, Hon.W, Ramiifay, of Panmnre,
M.R (afterwards Lord Panmare) S. G. W.
' Dep. G. M. ! G. Master 1 Late Lord ProTost of Edinbar^h. * Afterwards Sir Reginald Macdonald Stevart Setoo, as AssisUnt Grand Clerk from NoYenber 30, 1821 London in 184G.
18-58, 1839
18-33
IS36
1820 1821
1798, 1799
1813
1814
1837-1846
1768
1S5S
1806 , 1815 j 1816, 1817 I 1774-1795
1804, 1805 1806, 1807 1808, 1809
Bart. Resigned on remoT-
APPENDIX XXIV.
513
Name, &c.
Maxwell, David
Megget, Archibald
Meiicle, Robert
Melville, John Whyte, of Beunochy and StratLkinness
MeDzies, Alexander *
Menzies, Sir Robt., of that Ilk, Bart.
Miller, Robert
Miller, Sir William of Glcnlee, Bart.
Milne, Admiral Sir David, K.C.B.... Mitchell, Sir Andrew, of Westehore
Moffat, Johni
Moir, Robert
Moira, Francis, Earl of,« K.G.,G.C.B.
Office Held.
J. G. W. G. Clerk G. Clerk G. Secretary
J. G. W. S. G. W, Sub. G. M. D. G. M. G. Marshal J. G. D. J. G. W. S. G. W. Sub. G. M. G. Tyler J. G. D. S. G. D. J. G. W. S. G. W. Sub. G. M, S. G. W. S. G. W. G. Marshal J. G. W. D. G. M. G. Master
Year of Election.
1776, 1777 1766-1769 1780-1795 1795-1797
1840
1841
1842-1846
1846-1858
1838-1857
1851
1852
1853
1854
1741-1764
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1838, 1839
1741
1834-1838
1796, 1797
1805
1806, 1807
' Prior to the Grand EUection on Ist December 1834, the office of Grand Marshal appears to have been filled by nomination only. Thus, on 18th November 1814, we find that '^Brother David Wilkie resigns the office of Mar- shal, which he had filled at processions for several years past ;*' and, of the same date. Brother John Mofiat is appointed thereto, and seems to have held the ap- pointment until his election, as above. On important pnblic occasions he was assisted by a Brother of the name of Hogg, — the Grand Marshals at the laying of the Foundation Stone of the New Jail, on the 19th September 1815, being Brothers Moffiit and Hogg.
* In 1809, The Earl of Moira, Past Grand Master, consecrated the first Free Masons' Hall in Scotland, as detailed on pp. 180-182, supra. The Dedication of this Temple to Masonry by so distinguished and enlightened a Craftsman, may be said to have closed the brilliant Masonic career of his Lordship in Scotland ; and it was with unfeigned regret that the Scottish Craft beheld the departure from among them of this highly esteemed Brother, — who, besides his other dis- tinctions, had enjoyed the rare felicity of being Acting Grand Master of the Grand Lodges both of England and Scotland during the same period. Shortly afterwards he was appointed, nnder the title of Marquess of Hastings, Governor- General and Commander-in-Chief in India, a sphere well suited to his talents both as a statesman and a soldier, and where, from his mild and benignant
34
TUB H1«TDnV O? FRK8 MASQXRY.
|
K&m^, 4 c, |
OflSco Hotd. |
Y«w of ElwUon. |
|
Moocreifi; Sif Daritl, Bart* |
5. G, W- a G* W. 0. Trttiiir»f G, D. of Mu»c G. Mfuter G. Miwtcr G> Miutvr G, D.of Miiiiio G.SwoM-Dmrcr a fi. M, J, G, W, J. G.D. J. G. W, S. 0, 1). G. Treasiirrr D. 0. M, G. Muter |
18S6 |
|
MoncHefT^ Dr John, »»,»►*- ........... |
tear |
|
|
Mnncriofl; H^v. Sir H, W |
||
|
l^^titigti^Tii, W. H |
1845-1853 1744 |
|
|
Moray, James, Knrl of |
||
|
Morton, fiL^urirr, Etirl of Morton, Jaiuce, KiiH of, K,T. :-.- |
I7ff0, X7fll , I7dl> ^H |
|
|
Mti^Uf% Charfrf Wtituim U. |
1858 ^1 |
|
|
Murmy, Andrew , Murray, Hou, (dIocicI Jiunc* Murra>\ Jtkmefi Wolfe Murray, ,T»m«ii Wulfe, of Critigleii<^ Murray, Julin, of Uroti^ht^m ,.., Murmy, ('ol. Lord Jfimc!< C\ P M vine, TUutnaB. ArcUittfct ' |
184^18,^7^1 n7«, 177»S 1788^ l78ttH 1854 ■ 1743 M 1851 V 17^7-1755 ' 1771,1772^ 1788, 1780 |
|
|
NAPtru, Hon. Cot, Willmm, after^ wnnltf Lonl Nupiar Napier^ FrsncUp LoisJ |
swjiy, ho bcciinie tlie iJol of all classtvs in that vast portion of the Hritiih Kiiijjiiv.
^ ** Tho : Myliic," ol Powder liiill, Drar I'ilinl>iir;4h, was the son of Wil- liam Mylnc of I.L'itli, ArciiitL'cr, am] L^^aiuisoii of Itoboit Myliie of Jlalfar-'-e Kiiii;*s Master Mason, and builder of llolvrood ralac-e in lUTI. Tiionias tlicd in 17^).^,and was buried in the tomb of his ancestors in the drevfriartj' Church- yard, iMJinbur^^di, on the south side of the eastern entrance gate. The snot is marked by a still handsonu* nionunient, erected in \(\iu to the memory of John Mybie, Kiii;;\s Master Mason, and uncle of the abuve named liobert. The Monument records that John was the sixth of the family holding' the Office of Master Ma>on, — the first, it is believed, was apjtointed by Kin;,^ James the Third about I-l^l. 'I ho : Mylne was fre<jnently Peacon of the Masons of J'dinbur<di and H.NN'.M. of the Lod^^-^e of l!dinbur;;h Mary's ('haj)el, and was Treasurer of the (irand Lod;;e from r>()ttj November 17'J7 to 1st December IT-""). His l^ortrait by ''(Jul: Mosman, 17')-," is in the possession of his •grandson and rej)resen- tative, William C Mylne of Lonilon, Architect and Civil I'^Uf^Ineer ; a co])v of wh.ch was j)re.senfed last year to the Clrand Lod«ro of Scotland l)y his son Robi rt W. Mylne, reduced from the ori;;inal by Hannah Mylne, his wife.
Thomas hnd two sons, both of whom he educated to his own profession • his eldest son Hobert, who settled in London, is well known as an eminent Archi- tect and l'n;;ineer ; amon^ his numerous works he erected Blackfriars' iJrid^e over the river Thames, and Hexham Hridf^e in Northumberland ; the second ton, William, practised in I'dinbur;;!!, and built the North Bridge, and subse- (luently was engaged in Dublin, where he died without issue.
APPENDIX XXIY.
515
Name, &o.
Nasmyth, Sir John Murraj, of Posso,
Bart
Neagle, George
Neilson, Samuel
N isbet, William, of Dirleton
None, James
Ogilvie, Captain James
Ogil vy, Sir John, of In verquharity, Bt.
Oughton, Maj-Gen. James Adolphus
Paterson, Archibald
Peacock, Alexander *
Petrio, William*
Prince Regent. H.R.H., The
{See also George IV.)
Ramage, William
Ramsay, George, yr. of Barnton . . .
Ramsay, Hon. Major John
Ramsay, John
Ramsay, James Andrew. Lord^
Rannio, James
Rashleigh, William, of the Haining
Reid, William*
Reid, William
Robertson, James
Robertson, Major John, of Earnock
Ross, David
Ross, Donald*
Rosslyn, James, Earl of
Rothes, George William Evelyn Leslie, Earl of*
Office Held.
Year of Election.
J. G. W. S. G. W. Joint G. Tyler S. G. W. S. G W. G. Master J. G. W.
J. G. W. S. G. D. J. G. W. S. G. W. G. Master
G.Bible-Bearer G. Bible-Bearer Joint G. Tyler Assist. G.Tyler Patron and Hon. Grand Master
Assist. G.Tyler
D. G. M.
J. G. W.
J. G. W.
D. G. M.
G. Master
Sub. G. M.
J. G. D.
S. G. D.
G. Tyler
G. Sword Bearer
G. D. of Cere.
S. G. W.
S. G. W.
Assist. G.Tyler
G. Tyler
D. G. M.
G. Master
D. G. M. G. Master
1830
1831
1818-1824
1747
1743
1746
1748
1750 1842 1843 1844 1769, 1770
1819-1834 1813-1818 1811-1818 1838-1845
1811-1820
1845
1798,1799
1807-1810
11778,779
1835
1836, 1837
1774, 1775
1855
1856
1789-1810
1845-1848
1846-1849
1744
1757-1758
1829-1838
1838-1855
1808, 1809
1810,1811
1838, 1839 1840
> Governor-Goneral of India from 1847 to 1S{{5. Created Marquis of Dal- housio in 1849, receiving at the same time the thanks of Parliament and of the East India Company for his zeal and ability in administering the resources of British India in the contest with the Seikhs immediately previous to the annexation of the Punjaub.
514
YfiE HTSTOnr OP YREE MASOHBr.
|
Ntttn«, Ac, |
Office Hold. |
Year of £]r«tioa. |
|
Moncrtifl; Sir David^ Bart. |
J- G. W, |
1626 |
|
S, G. W. |
1827 |
|
|
Moncneff, Dr John |
G» Tr^iwurer |
173C |
|
Moncricff^ Rev. Sir H, W |
||
|
< r.J< Weijwood,) |
||
|
Montignaoi, W, K |
G.D, of Music |
1845-1853 |
|
Moriiy, Jntncs, Enrl of |
G. Master |
1744 |
|
MortoHf ficorgt*, Earl of. |
G. Master |
ITOO, 1731 |
|
MorUiTi, Juiu^s. Kiirl of, KT. :.., |
G, MosUr |
1730 |
|
Mul/rr, Chart^^ WUli<jta If. |
G. D. of Music |
1858 |
|
Mtirm^, Andrrw |
G,Swor J- Bearer |
184B-1857 |
|
Murmy, Hon, f-olotjcl Jiuti^M |
a G, M. |
J 778, 1779 |
|
Murrjv, Jutue* Walfe |
J, a W, |
1788, lT8fl |
|
Murray, James Wi.lfe, of CHugletie |
J. G.D, |
1854 |
|
Murray^ J<>lm» of Hroti^hton |
J, 0. w. |
1743 |
|
Wurmyt CoU Lt>rtl Jatoc;^ C. V |
S. G. D. |
1851 |
|
Mylne^ Tboinaa, AnsUitect^ |
G, Treasurer |
1737-1755 |
|
NaPieh, Hon. Col. William, after^ |
||
|
wards Loni Napier |
D. G. M, |
1771, 1772 |
|
Napier, Frands, Lord |
0. Master |
1788, 1789 |
ne the idol of all class.s in that vast ptMtiuii of the r>riti?h
..II (.r \vi!-
swiiy, he bccuinc KnijHre.
^ *' Tho : Mylne," of I'owder liall. ruar J Aliiihiir-li, wa> tlu ,, ,.-
liam Mylne of I.eitli, Aichitccr, and L;i;ind>un ot' Kolx'Tt Myliie ot' l:alfai^'<\ Kiii<;'s Master Mason, and luiildiT of !IoI\rood Pal. ice in ]<p71. in 17^)3, and ^^;
Tli.jnias ,:i,.l i Iniried in the ti inb of his ancestois in the ( ircN liiais* ("hiirel:-
Th^
yard, lAJinbui^h. on the south side of the eastern entrance ;:ate. The sy.ot is marked by a still handsome iiionninent, erected in 1<»'')7 to tl)e memory of J<din Mybie, Ivin^^'s Master Mason, and iincde of the above named b'td»ert. 'i he Moniinient records that .John Nvas the sixth of the family hcKliii;,' the <)fHee of Master Mason, — the first, it is believed, was appointed l^y K'ini; .lames tlie lliird about I-l^l. 'I ho : Mylne was fre«|uently Deacon of the Maxnis (,r !:dinburi:h, and H. W.M. of the Lodi^^e of KdinburL,di Mary's (liapid, and m.i>. Treasnier vf the (irand Lod;;e from ?AK\\ November 1737 to 1st l)ecemb(.r I7-"-~». 1 lis Tortrait, by *'(Iul : Mosman, 17')-," is in the possession of his ^randsoTi and r.'pre>en- tative, William C\ Mylne of London, Architect and Civil I'.ii^'iiuer : a copv of which was presented last year to the (Irand Lodf^^e of Scotland by his sun, l{ob( rt W. Mylne, reduced from the ori;;iiial by Hannah Mylne, his w ifc.
Thomas bad two sons, both of whom he educated to his own profession ; his eldest son liobert, who settled in London, is well known as an eminent Arcbi tect and l-u;;incer ; amon^,' his numerous -works he erected IJlackfriais' r>ridi:e, fver tlie river Thames, and Hexham lirid;:;e in Northumberland ; the second \, William, practised in Ldinbur^di, and built the North Bridge, and suLse- "^tly was cn<;aged in Dublin, where he died without issue.
Nix?. i-
Bart. .. Neairlf^, ff;-.r. - Neil son. ^.^:.".'. :. Nisbct, W'l -. ■ -
Norie, Jar.:;-
Ogilvic, C r.'.. - '..: ■■
0 ugh ton, Ma- ■
Pateuson. At . . Peacock, A'.'.-*--. ' Pctric, Wiir.a;..
PiuNcn Rnoi:: " .". {8a iiho (•.:■.■
Ramagt:, Willi-: Ramsay, Georj- . ; ■ Ramsay, Hon. ''^ ■ ■ Ramsay, John ... Ramsay, Jame.-. -.1.
Rannic, Jamos... Rashleigh, WiiilaL.-. .'
Rcid, William'^ .
Rcitl, WiUiani
Robertson, Jaino-. Robertson, Major J. ■,
Ross, Davi«l
Ross, Donald ■^...
Rosslyn, Jame.-, L;
Rothes, George Leslie, Eurl of "
^ Governor-Gt-ii«:T>.! '.-f Jxi'J^. ..• . . housio in 1>;49, r*;r.':'.-..-/ i •.,.- i^ , Etist India Comj.eirjv f-.r t.,k it -.. *.• ». British India in Tk<; cavw* »iU '^ annexation of the Vv'^i
BH
^om niSTohr of paee masoxbv.
|
L N^m», Ac* |
Oftce }^M. |
Year of Elrctioii. |
|
St Claiu, Willbm, of Rosslyn .,..., |
O. mLust |
I73fl |
|
Sanilllanfls. Hon. Kobert . ..,.,^i.* |
||
|
(8ec Torpbichi^D, Mnator of) |
||
|
Sfttmdoi^ Robert DuiiiU* |
1>. G. M. |
1B00 |
|
Scott) Sif John, of Anrnim, Burt, ... |
JO. W, |
1742 |
|
Beltt, Cttptttiu Ji?hn, of MiUleny *.* |
J.G, W, |
17&0 |
|
^K SetoFT, llii;,^b, of Touch ..« * |
G, Mailer |
1748 |
|
^^V Sexton* Mnior Jf^incs ...*.** *«*■•< |
J, G. W, a Tyler |
1759, 1760 |
|
f SincUir, Alrxntiilor* |
1736-1741 1 |
|
|
Smdair, Sir Jobu.ufStevenaoTif Bart |
s, o; W. |
1786,1787 J |
|
1 Sinclair, Jobu^ Writer, EJinbDrgli... |
J. a W. |
1747 1 |
|
S. G, W, |
174S 1 |
|
|
1 Stnllb. William |
J, G. W. a a«rk |
1774,1775 |
|
SomtQeref Tbomu |
ItiK^-lVJO |
|
|
SpouflL ])t Nfttbauiel |
Suk G, M. |
177(5-1782 1 |
|
~-^ r^ ^^r ^^ ^■^■■■••■•^ ¥-^r ■ P44-VIV-VWV4-VTVWPPV |
D. O. M. |
1782-1 786 1 |
|
Stewiirt, Rov. Aloxatitlrr, of Dougl&« |
G. Chaplain G. Cbrk |
1834^1850 |
|
St^/Hirty AUrnndrr Janu*t ^-S. ..- |
1856-1858 _ |
|
|
SUjwart, (jeor^'O |
S. ft- W, |
1778,1779 J |
|
Bttswart, J«mo9» Cotirt of Kxcboquer |
a 0. w. |
1751 " |
|
t^ Stewart, Right Hon, Jamm, Lord |
D, 0, M, |
178M76« |
|
Provfc^t iif K.lin[4ir;:li |
0. Master |
TT^i:^ i7fit7 |
|
8iewart, Johu :^!uiw, AJvocnto |
J.G. W. |
JS24 |
|
S. G. W. |
\mr. |
|
|
Stewart, J.H VoQEiL't^r, of Allanbank |
S, G. W. |
178H, 17Si> |
|
?^tc^v:irt, W:ilri r, Ai!vffriito |
S. G. W. |
1?:^!*. 1700 |
|
Stewart, Wtn. .M., uf Uleoormiatori |
S. G, D. |
1837 |
|
S. G. W. |
IS4I) |
|
|
Sti^IJn;^^ Itiirlit lion, SirJame^, Bart,, |
||
|
Lord Trovo^t of KijlnLariilit |
G. Miist(*r |
17tlS, \-9i-t |
|
S|ornn>iil, \\ iiliatii J>uvi<i, \'ii3C0unt |
IX G. AU |
is;jfl, i^^nT |
|
Stratlmllan, Ifon. William Henry |
J. G. I). |
1S43 |
|
DruTiiiiiond, Master of |
S. (1. D. J. G. W. |
1S44 |
|
184.> |
||
|
S. G. W. |
lS4f) |
|
|
Sub. (1. M. |
1847 |
|
|
Stratlimoro, Tlionias, Earl of |
(t. Master |
1740 |
|
Swinbunif'y }fajor-Cr)i< r<(J T. li . ... |
J. G. \V. |
18.37, 18;>S |
|
Tait, Alexander, Merchant, Edinr. |
S. G. W. |
174.> |
|
Thin, William* |
if. Arcliitect J. G. D. |
182;3-1827 |
|
Thriepland, Sir Patrick Murray, of |
lS4.-i |
|
|
Fin<^'a.sk, Bart |
S. G. I). |
184G |
|
J. G. W. |
1847 |
|
|
S. G. W. |
1848 |
|
|
Tinslcy, John ''' |
G. Marslial |
1 838-1 8.>3 |
|
Tod, Richanl |
Sul). G. M. |
17.'>.>-17G7 |
|
Do. |
1773 |
|
APPENDIX |
XXIV. |
517 |
|
Name, &c. |
Office Held. |
Year of Election. |
|
Torphichen, James, 9th Lord Torphichen, Hon. Robert Sandilands, j Master of Touch, Rev. John, D.D Trotter, J., of Mortonhall Tweeddale, George, 8th Marquis of Vere, James Joseph Hope, of Craigie- hall |
D. G. M. Sub. G. M. G. Chaplain S. G. W. D. G. M. G. Master J. G. W. S. G. W. Patron and Hon. Grand Master J. G. W. J. G. W. S. G. W. G. Marshal J. G. W. J. G. D. S. G. D. G. Chaplain G. Master S. G. W. J. G. D. S. G. D. S. G. W. S. G. W. J. G. W. Patron S. G. W. D. G. M. Do. G. Clerk G. Chaplain D. G. M. |
1786, 1787 1840 1787-1805 1798-1802 1816,1817 1818,1819 1819 1820 |
|
Wales, H,R.H. George, Prince of (See also Regent, II.R.Il. The Prince.) Walker, Sir Patrick, of Coates Warrender, John |
1805-1811 1836 1825 |
|
|
WatterSf James |
1826 1853-1858 |
|
|
Wauchope, John, of Edmonstone .. Wedderburn, Fred. L. S., of that Ilk Wellwood, Rev. Sir Henry Mon- crieff, Bart |
1852 1849 1850 1805-1809 |
|
|
Wemyss, James, Earl of |
1743 |
|
|
Wemyss, Captain John |
1761, 1762 |
|
|
Wemyss, J. H. Erskine, of Wemyss Whitefoord, Sir John |
1853 1854 1855 1765. 1766 |
|
|
Wight, Alexander, Advocate William IV Williamson, Joseph Woodman, James Linning, C.S.* ... Wright, Rev. James YoiTNG, Captain (Col.) John |
1763, 1764 1830-1837 1752 1753 1763, 1764 1846-1856 1786 1736-1752 |
APPENDIX XXV.
f Tide pttfft Zl&j jupra.;
FBQM tils nOYAL TII^tHXESS TUB PRTNCB PItHDEIl ICK- ■TttlitAM OF TRUSfttA TO TUB MOST W0Jl61IlPFi:L TJIE 6BJtM> MA&IER.
Wo*T W'(Mi8tHFPtn. Sm a5p Brother,
I HATV reeeired witli gre&t sattsfacUon tbo Address iin<l the Book of Coiifltitutions of the Right WoTsUipfal Gmml Lod^ of ScotUnd, iind 1 feci much gnitidod for thl^ very i^crpUhk timrk of AUaction lind etflcem with whidi your GnKjo and our Scotch BMsthren havo favourtKl KDCi. I r^'^Lird it im^ tm nddittunaJ Uuk m thtit eha^in of fraternal atfcctioit which 1 uin {)roud to aeo Unti cxbted helwoen tlio two Qmud Lotj^'c* vtnco the rci;^u of Frederick the Great, who regularly eatahliiiihod Mototrry in thii coaotry, and obtained for thnt puqtoao a patent from Sdlnhnrgh .
Wfjiltt T fpqnfst thn acrrptaiico of my warmo'^t thanka for the Book of Constitutions, I beg to assure you tliat I foci all those einotioiis of ;:ratitu»Ie wliirli tlie fraternal wishes of your Address must inspire ; and I sincerely pray that the Great Architect of the Universe may bless your ilhistriouo (irand liodge, and protect and prosper all your Masonic undertakinirs.
I ha«l j)cculiar pleasure in explaining to the Princess your hearty congratulations, and I request your Grace to convey to the Brethren of Scotland our united thanks for your generous wishes.
Saluting you by tho Sacred Numbers,
I am,
Your grateful and devoted Brother,
Frederick William. To
His Grace TJio Dukk of Atitole,
Most Worshipful Grand Master Mason of Scotland.
INDEX.
INDEX.
AoTisand STATUTisfor the Government ot the several Airtis and Craftis in Scotland, 16.36, 445 Minutes accepting and approving of the said Actis, 451 Addresses presented to — His Mi^Je^ty Ceorfce lU. 14tf, 16), 151, 162 The Prince Re«cnt, IW. ISO, ISl It is MiOesty George IV, Ul, UM, 9U8
William IV. no. 2U
Her MiOeaty the Queen, 2^, 232, 23S, 24<).
244,316 His Royal Iliffhnees the Duke of Sussex, 218 !<ady Ilay of liayston, 230 The CounteHS of Rothes, 230 Ilia Royal Highness Prince Albert, 240, 241 The Right Honourable the Lady Frederick Fitc-Clarenco, 311 ; extract firom her Lady-
ship's reply, 312 Iheir Royal Uigl Princess Frederick WUliam of Prussia, 317
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and
Aitchisoii's tiaven. Excerpts from the Minute- Book of the Lodge of, 445, 451
Alexander, Sir Anthony, 445, 462
Uarie, 452
Alison, Sir Archibald, Installation of, as ProTincial Grand Master of Glas- gow Province, 271
Alphabetical Table of Grand Office- bearers from 1736 to 1858-9, 505
Alpina, fraternal communications esta- blished with the Swiss Grand Lodge, j 278
Annual Certificate granted to Daugh- ter Lodges, form of, 484
Arnot, Rev. David, D.D., Grand Chap- lain, Sermon by, preached before tne Grand Lodge, 323
Arch. (.S^ Royal Arch.)
Architects, Trading Association of, 27
Architecture, superiority of, 2
Ark Mariner D^ee, ^4
Arts, Edinburgh School of, 193
Ashmole, Kliaa, 52
Aytoun, Professor W. E., appointed Representative from Grand Lodge of Prussia, 313
Baccuanalia, or Feast of the Bac chanals, institution of, 13 !
Baldovjin, (near Dundee,) Foundation- stone of an Asylum for Defective Children, laid at, 300
Barruel, M., Opinions of, examined and refuted, 4, 23, 29. 33, 35, 71
Bart ram, James, 177, 223
Benefit Societies connected with Lodges, Report thereon, 250
Benevolence, Fund of Scottish Ma- sonic— Established, 257 Donations to, 2fi0 Masonic Balls in aid of, 880 Petitions to the. forms of, 400, fiOl
** Blue Blanket," The, an accoant of, 334
Bolt, David, Grand Clerk, 136
Bredetiberg, Adolf Gustav, appointed Representative to the Grand Lodge of Sweden, 299
Brunton, Rev. (Or) John, preaches before the Grand Lodge, 175
Buchanan, George, Grand Tyler, 229
Burnes, Sir Alexander, C.B., 243
James, K.H., Memoir of, 395
Burns' Monument, Edinburgh, 2*12
Campbbll, William, President of Grand
Stewards, 273 Canada, Declaration of Independence
by Grand Lodge of, Uid before Grand
Lodge of Scotland, and prooedore
thereupon, 314 Representation regarding, and De- liverance thereon by Grand Lodge. (See A ddenda page,) Canongate Sessional School, Foundi^
tion-stone of, laid, 272 Canterbury, Lodge hold at, in 1429, 48 Chair or Past iM aster Degree, 424 Charity Funds, donations -to, 104, ef
pauim.
Charles II, a Member of the Craft, 56
Charters —
By the Masonii of Scotland to Willism 8C
Clair of Roslin.43r> Ry the Masonft of (Scotland to Sir William tst Clair, 437
h
r ^ tht TfnpW,
Chiv^ry, tlw Order of, 41
of)
lo tjr&iid Ork*»i i>f rnmct*, 312 Clotliin^r t^nd J«iwl4*i of ttlc^ Unuitl
CotjiLkrid, l**trick, uC LT^iiucli^ fll
Crrant <>f WftHatirio tq^ 421 Comultwlofjl, forma of, 4Sfi, 467, 4^,
OoifimitkN* <ljfatid), L.iAi of, aii|K>intod
foriy5» (fdprttn Cviivccrmlion, iVruinontal oF, 44^
of Ibo lAJiJ^rt* —
n«
.' ' l.41rilLi11TVll, 14^
I ':il./, J^
J *\--:\- ■^t IIT
I ir$lt»tin
\- ' ■ ■ xIk^l '^ct
M T . . ■. I LiMinirjifh, il7
Wt r irtir, »Mlitl>iirr)iK iJTJ
^T .Jrlill ^llilrli-. r-:t ht .lolin, < r..llli<;i<l. :u:> Sf K.-. Mill-.. ( iii'ir. 117 liiifakir. I,, itli, i:.. (.v.viiU.. Iiic Mahons' Ilftll.)
(mm Vent lull between tlieCJiaiul Lod-^es | oT Iji-IuimI and Herliii, C>i)
|).\mm:n. Carl Voii, appointed Kepre Hcntative to (ir.md LoJ-^e of rrussia,
Dalliousie, Mai»|uis of, r)ir)
Dalkeitli, I'oinKiatioii-stoiie coinn.enio
lative ot the renewal of the old
rarihh Chureli of, laid, *2f)l l)e|)nteH orW'ardenH, first appointment
of, r>i Deneliar, Major D., '271 Diony.sian ArtifieerM, l.'J, II. \(i 1- Mysft'ries. institution of,8; their
projLjress from lluropo to Asia, 14 I)t)n^'Ias, IV'tor, 1S7 Druids, The, 'J-J Dundee, l"'oun(la»it>n stone of the liar
hour of, laid, 2\'.\ Duiiniore, I'.arl of, '257
I'.ijYi TiANs, Colony of, in Greocp, 7 l'.leusiiii^»-*ii|#tcries, institution of, S | I'-n^ljir 'feaud Lodge of—
En^Und, Grand Lod^ of, coniin*4d.-- HMAliiUoni from, oanLiDitnlc«t«4 to Ctnod
Livd«« «r l^tiaftdt lot
Htf Ca«iFtltittlim> under tWr of "^ Ti* tJhltod QnALl r^ruifTt qf Prev and AhmdM
Mavtu of KnjTlaml, - L-4fi
Eiihrt)v«i,Tho, Js, J9
h'tt^^ Table of, rxiKittlo bjr the Grtnd
Lad^ ot SoottlknEi, 468 Kc«tiv«J« chiiiRii^l f'O^o tUo day of 81
John tho UAi^bt to £4t Andrew'* D»r,
rorrcvt, Sir J«n«>A, provontJiUvQ tO,
llnCripiLrt DtiUliiv of, 3
t>vDiililiit) of, 4^](»
Jti kitruluotlgn into tt«olljut4, «<
lt« tH>»i(lon unilfT Uk' ltaoa«a Ho*. St^ CI
PruttnvofLn DrJUln.44
tt« fT> kfuinti in KofUhd auHjiK 1^ L'fm
ItM cflndulon in IViwicn, Af$
. . init^ hwtt±4.>rJAnd, Kft Into Hwpdvn.dl!!
^Vfdu] nf In Amcilfft, Tpper 0ainfiy, Hii*c[«, i^jwln, d
0ainfiy, Hii*c[«, i^jwln, a«Mov», |J*il-
in cj^rmfmy, ffl -,** In i^r*i»*, (JK In Vrit*"tn* fW
tVr^^Tiitliit] fif iM iEi-lliLMiKnj III I niiu-t', »C in <icnnany, G2 Ml It.ily, (l.r
ill tlic Canton of Hcrnc, twt in ^cotlatul, by tht- AsHi>cittto
Svno.I. (u in V.Mtni.'ai.7I in Naphs, 7i b'icc Masons 'Muir i»r(>l>ai)Io t-onnection with the Temple
nt Solomon, l!'. Aft (»f Parliament attainst, tomp. Hcnrv VI,
IS
rriviicvri''. urante<l hv Jiinies I of Scotland to
till' <;ran(l Maxtor of tiie, .V> IriHtaiKos of Ikiiovok-nce by, fio, 104, 117,
lis, 1-_>(I riiarity Srliools oroctcl by, 7 > i:x uiptioiiH in A( tsnf Parliainont of 17ii;J and
1^17, in faNour of, 1.)!, ISJ»
IVei' Masons' Mali. l'dinhur(,^h : — Motion royanlini,' tlio ent'tion t>f a, J70 Snh-criptioti-^ to. 170, 177 Tun hane of St (\tilia s Hall, for a, 177 ConscHTation of. ls.i (irand Kleotion of lsl'>, takes pi
1S4
Sale of. *J.V; Proliniiniirv nrranirenionta for the purcha*^
of n Ni'w Hall, :US Hall Cotninitttv appointed, .IIS iSitc in Gv >r«e Strott tixoil upon and wur-
tliasod,Ml!» (■round brokin,and excavationa commenced
:5 :» '
Arranyonu'nts for laving Foundation -st >no
of, ;< }» Or.ler of lVoros>ion. ^2\ Sorinon bv tlu' (irand Chnitlain, :ii:i Address l>v tht> Ar(in« Assintant fJrand
Cbnplain', HU
".
INDEX.
523
Free Masons' Hall, continued — Foandation-stone laid, 333 Addre&s of tho Grand Master on the occasion,
333 , Descripiion of the Building, 335 Inscription Plate, 3d« Banquet, and Speeches dcliTcrcd thereat, in
celebration of the event, 337 Ball in honour of the occasion, 344 Ceremonial observed at the Consecration of the, 351 Fouudation-stoncs : —
Proceedings at laying the Foundation-stone of tho Royal Infirmary, East Wing, 1738, 102 Royal Infirmary, West Wing, 1740, 104 Royal Exchange, Edinburgh, 1753, 108 Poor-house, CanongaU>, Edinburgh, 1760,
117 North Bridge, Edinburgh, 1763. 118 Episcopal Chapel, Cowgate, Edinburgh,
1771,121 Harbour, Ayr, 1772, 122 High School, Edinburgh, 1777, 127 Soutli Bridge, Edinburgh, 1785, 137 Drawbridge. Leith Harbour, 1788, 140 Edinburgh University, 1789, 141 Edinburgh Bridewell, Calton UiU, 17D1,
147 Wet Docks, Leith, 1801, 164 Nelson Monument, Glasgow, 1806, 171 New Jail, FMinburgh, 1808, 176 Bastion, I.cith, 18(j». 177 Regent Bridge, Edinburgh, 1815, 186 New Jail, Calton Hill, Edinburgh, 1815,
186 Cmmond Bridge, 1822, 193 National Monument of Scotland, Edin- ^ burgh,18rJ,l»3
High School, Calton Hill, Edinburgh,
1825, 207 Western Approach , and George IV Bridge,
Edinburgh, 18^7, 108 County Buildings and Jail, Lanark, 1834,
214 Mariners' Church and School, North
Leith, 1839, 131 Scott Monument, Edinburgh, 1840, 232
Inauguration of, 259 Assembly Hall, Kdinburgh, 1842, 242 Public Baths, Edinburgh, 1844, '2b2 Caledonian Railway Station, Edinburgh,
1847, 166 Victoria (Stockwell) Bridge, Glasgow,
1851.281 Royal Infirmary, Dundee, 1852, ^98 The New Masonic Hall, Edinburgh, 1858,
39
llegulations to be observed at
the laving of, 494
I Order of Procession and Cere-
monial at the laving of a, 495
Funeral Lodge held in memory of —
Fitc-Clarence, Lord Frederick, O.C.H., 303 Bt Clair, William, of Rosslyn. 131 Sussex, Ills Royal Highness the Duke of, 244 Walker, Sir Patrick, of Coates, 223
Gavin, Dr Hector, 312
Gilfillan, Robert, Grand Bard, 228, 279
Gillon, William Downe, 271
Grand Chaplain to be a Member of
Grand Lodge, 117 Lodge. {See Scotland, Grand
Lodge of.)
Office-bearers of the Grand
Glasgow, Foundalion-stone of a Luna- tic Asylum at, laid, 184 Of a new npproach to Glasgow
from London, 207 Of the Baron jr Parish ,. Poors Uouse, 274
Hambueoh : —
Proposal from Grand Lodge of, for exchange
oi Representatives, 799 Representative to, appointed, 299 Representative from, appointed, 299 llay, Sir John, Grand Treasurer, 209
Sir John, Substitute Grand
Master, 229, 230 Henry VI, Manuscript of, 49 Ucsse Darmstadt, interchange of Re- presentatives with the Grand Lodge of, agreed to, 272
Illuminati, the Order of the, 71 Inglis, William, 177, 188, 209 Installation, Ceremonial of, 473 Inveresk Church, Foundation-stone of,
laid, 167 Ireland, Grand Lodge of —
Instituted, 61 Resolutions hy, 345 Representative to, appointed, 280 ReproNcntative from, appointed, 280
James III of Scotland, 51
Jocelyn, Hon. Augustus G. F., ap- pointed Representative to Grand Lodge of Ireland, 280
Kasideans, the, 1 9. (See also Templars.) Kilwinning, Lodges held at, 46, 47, 64, 290
Lodge of Scothnd. (See Alphabetical Table of.)
Mother Lodge of —
Grants Charters, 51, 54
Letter from to Cirand Lodge, regarding its
place on tho Roll, 106. {ike also 174.) Differences between, and Grand Lodga of
Scotland, adjusted, 173 Representations from ancnt Intrant Fees. jfe, 315
Order of Heredom de, 93
Kinross, Foundation-stone of the Town Hall and Market place of, laid, 240 Knights of St John, 78
Laurie, Alexander, 166, 177, 184, 211 Laurie, William Alexander, appointed
Representative from Grand Lodge
of Sweden, 299 Leckie, Rev. John, preaches before the
Grand Lodge, 281 Lee, Rev. John, D.D., 183 ; preaches
before the Grand Lodge, 190 Leith, Foundation-stone of High School
of, laid, 168 Lesmahagow Church, Foundation-stone
of, laid, 167 Liberal ia, the, of Rome, 13
rn^riiLcUt UnLiid Miuttcr of Upper Wftrd of L^ltark4hL^l^:276 Ludjl^n, t**"J'f>filijiAUO V<^nn of Affir motion by^ 4s:i
Fonii of <.'**rtiluiot«i ru be p^nttd by, Uj thinr HMt^mbi^n, ift5
upvctttUy ri'fi'riea to lhroof;h-
out tliv votnme, fba^' -
Kinninii««i |to«nlntf . ^Tt
aiOltai,BilluMintli»Ili
- — ^^QiwyUTwii, UvfolCVaM
t I>umrrip*. HA
J5b» > 01 it on tfao rrovm^o*, tc, und formerly extiting ftirth of Scot-
MTuwiN^ DrV. I)., uppointpd I{i'[fro hi'TJtniivi^ trum Griiud Urieut uf
Munbhjit^^all, Juhn, 15C MftclccoJiio, Sir t'oilu, 257 Miuk Miiiiuiiry ;- Mikfli Sliihoj] /^iL-ljitcvf, fv
Jhw rtnrkjij v>t l\n\ mJ&A wTtJ adJ (u>Hr n-itij,
^Vh.Tt (^MTidj JU,4:T, ill {Sit' nlm,y \:x\im\Arm on riiiiw rdllTtwinn
Th.ir funn, 411
Exiimpl-' («f " lU-a.linir flM- Marks," 412 IntiTTi.'il (^CKiKniiy >>{ the I'ratfriiity, 412
iS"' .lUo nj>oi;itiv«' I imI'^is, and Ojcr.i- tivc .M;iH..rii. Iratrrnit y. » Mark Max-ii D.-ir.-. •.:«/ It*, jilad", ami wli.n ui" infcl, 4 .'J Jk-livcraiur nf tlir (iran.l 1.«m1um> tijM.n, 'Mr,
Mary's ("liMpcl, (^u.irturl} I'oiiiiminica
tioiis held ill, inl Masonic Marks, a curious and iiiterot-
iii^ cast cKiitiiinir);^', exhibited in
(Jrand Lo.l-c, 'M'2
T< iiij)la)v, M
Masonry, (I'r.ict'ical,) dctincd, IdO
(Sp.MMilativc,) defined, 409
ane narration of tlio Foundin
oT I he Ciatt of, and hy wliom it liatn horn clieiished, ^.'^T
pull* iK^twtvti, Wl MuLrwe, fu m 11) unJ cation from p«rti<* E^tylin^^ thcmsclvn* The Urdhren of Hi John** I^dgc of rrccuuAona of,*
^iiljLnrj^ Loilj:ro. (A^ Note« on lti«
rrtivj«ct*», Ac) Miliif^pSr lJ*vid, K,C:JLj237 Mo^at, John/i:^ MoirA, the t^arl of, If>7 I^X ^13 MoUy^ Jflcriui*« tltf,.immoUlQd at PaHh,
Mo|t«M, Tbry 04 Morriiwii Ubrnij^ 4o. ; —
wnUUtm AT |b«, ^74 K«t« nvvdlnstbo IkiOiir, 37^ Q]m tp M«*nnn> uf (irvii4 r.H«d«p hiJ Ml
^uvltAnl Uj(kiiu^ July nHutnmmUt*!, %}M
Mouuirr, M., 0
Murray^ I#ord Ji^ni(*4 Clittrlfv f^&nhi- icvnet, ^k^^vil Ht^priM^f^Utive to Grand IahI^ of Mnglahd^ 29d
Mytne^ 'Hioiuaa, 514
^^TT(»^.IL VORtrHiXT OF ScOTIlAJtft ; —
ItAmlatlonAUTtli* Bo]rnl A»^ckiNon of Cfln^- trlbutofii l]i*rptfl, ronnJJjif Lft^lnj tttv Vdaiid*tlim^«Uii>v oft i»t
OnflpUttoOUry l^t«r f^oni tbv Pnns of lli«, lolteMMl Wwfehlf/ul U» Gnuut lUffM,
Nt'tlL£rrfftii(1>i, Intt^rcbnnpe of Rpprppen- (jitivc^ wall [hu tirulid <.>rk'rjt c*t tht% ii^^nn'ii tijf nTj<l d. l^cprL^cDtativc to, uppoinlL'c]^ l!73
^. His ltoya[ J[it;linc-^ tbo Prince
rri*(!ui i<r i>f t ho, -7tl Loirt^r from, *i:>4
Notc^ ou i\w Vi'o\[ncvs, Xlc.j a.ud Lod^^t*:^ tliorein^ un^ Lod;;03 Abroa.d, with thuir dutc3 of Lharter and coitair oi i"\a\]\\\t^ i — AhvnWfii H'ltj'i, ;wl
^ jlVlht^. XII
tWr^tJ^^tlM
Aiulalu'-ia, S|>iiin, 4'»s
Arabia. .J'.i
AruvH an.l Tliv Isles. .'{N!)
Australia Irlix, or Victoria, HjC
Ayr. :*o
HahainaH, 403
ijaiitr, ;fiy;i
iNimal, ;«»o
Hi-rTiUKlas, 403
Ikrwick niul l^oxburgh, 3^;^
Honilmv, 'ii-'y
CaitliiuVs, :?A4
I»innl»art(»n, .Ty
Dumfries, .'a*;)
KaKt Lothian, .'C:.
i:<liMl)iir«h (ir Mc«trnj>«)litan District, Jf^J
Kk'in an«l Moray, :ts7
l-airopo anti Asia, pari" of. Itordorinc on the
MtHlitcrraiicnn Sfa, 4os 1 ifc, -ATM
I'orfar and Antfus, '577 France, 4us f;i.-.sn..w, :«>!)
INDEX.
525
Kotes on the Profinccs, &c., con- tinued—
Ouayana in Venezuela, 4'i6 Invemofls, 373 Jamaica, 403 Lanark, (Middle Ward,) 374
(Upper Ward,) 38J
Linlithgow, 377
Military LcMlKea, 407
Mew South Wales, 407
New Zealand, 4-i8
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince
Edward Island, 4<i5 Orkney and Zetland, 388 Peebles and Selkirk, 384 Perthshire (Ka8t),967
(West), 375
lienfrew (East), 392
(West), 376
Ross and Cromarty, 382 South Australia, Adelaide, 406 Btirling, 386
West India iHlands, 404 Wigton and Kirkcudbright, 380
Operatiyb Lodges in Scotland —
PriYileRCs of, 106
Method of setting out the Orientation of Churches, as preserved in some of the, 414 Have apprentices bound to them, 415 Included other Crafts besides Masons, 415 General design of their Works, 4 6 Practise Speculative Masonry, 422 OperatiTO Masonic Fraternity, His- tory of, as established in its Tradi- tions, 416
In its Buildings, 417 In incidental Uistorical Noticrs, 419 Orations pronounced by
Amot, Rev. David, D.D.. 303 Bonar, Rev. Andrew R. 352 Boyle, Rev. John, 244 Forbes, Sir William, Bart., 131 Macdonald, Geor^, 224 Order, signification of, in Masonry, 425
Pahmurb, Right Hon. Fox, Baron, appointed Representative from Grand Lodge of England, 300
Right Hon. William Ramsay
Maule, Baron, 299
Panathenea, Institution of the, 8
Payens, Hugo de, 30
Peacock, Alexander, 190
Peebles, proceedings obserred at plac- ing the Keystone of a Bridge over the Tweed at, 216
Perth, Foundation stone of the Har- bour of, laid, 213
Petitions, forms of, viz. — For a New Lodge, 465 To the Fund of ticottish Masonic Benevolence
by a Member of the Craft, 480 To the Fund of Scottish Masonic Benevolence by a Widow or Child of a deceased Free Mason, 501
Philip the Fair, 31
Pivati, Opinions of, 56
Porta, Baptiste, Founder of the Aca- demy of Secrets, 27
Portobello, Foundation-stone of a Church at, laid, 176
Precedence, enactments regarding, 116 Professions, separation of, 1 Provinces. {See Notes on the, &c.) Provincial Grand Lodges, functions and
status of, 294 Provincial Grand Masters. {See Notes
on the Provinces, &c., etpanim.)
Regulations and Instructions for
the guidance of, 489
Form of Commission granted
to, 487
Form of Commission granted
by, 492
Provincial (Past) Grand Masters. (See Notes on the Provinces, &c.)
Proxy Commission by Daughter Lodges, form of, 486
Rules regarding, 105
Prussia, Grand Lodge of : —
Fraternal relations entered into with, ';56 Appointment of a Representative to, 313 Appointment of a Representative from, 313 Letter from His Royal Ilighness the Prince Frederiolc- William of, to the 3ioet Wor- shipful the Grand Master, 6.8
Pythagoras, 19
RxpRESKNTATivE to a Sister Grand Lodge, form of Commission in favor of, 493
Ritchie, Rev. David, i)reaches before the Grand Lodge, 167
Robinow, Adolphus, appointed Repre- sentative from Grand Lodge of Hamburgh, 299
Robison, Dr, Opinions of, 55, 71
Rosebank, Foundation-stone of a range of Villas laid at, 301
Ross, Donald, Grand Tyler, 303
Rothes, Earl of. Grand Master, 238
Royal Arch Decree, History of, 425 Traditionary Narrative relative to, 430
Royal Arch Chapter of Scotland, Minute from, regarding Mark Master's ritual, 351
Royal Infirmary, Fdinburgh, a Ward set apart in for Free Alasons, by the Managers of the, 103
Another for Brethren recom- mended by Lodge Journeymen, No. 8, 106
St Andrew's Day, proceedings on, podsim,
St Andrew's Day, 1858, Grand Elec- tion on, 347
St Clair, William, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, Baron Roslin, appointed Hereditary Grand Master, 51-53 William, resigns the Hereditary
Grand Mastership, 98 Is chosen Grand Master, 100 His death, 131
5tS
THB BtBTOBT OF FUSB HASOM&r.
niiiJ-li:i> (pftirca -la^ QTid W #*M"«>*> lyrttnti'il bv tUo Matouet of Scfvtl*n4 to WJUwil ftud Sir WiUUtii^ &3-M St Mjir;;i*rft% Wvll, Ue*talriir, EdJD-
St Umcr, Go*Iin*y tli^ ;KI
137
fl»ntalir<^ to <-iraiid Uriitui of Frftnco, , MO
B<WTLJt?VD» GftA!rD I^OOS Of — Ixtstlttttttdp tU
Firit ineoUTi^' »f, 9^
Piweniouh of, by Torch-lijtlitr U6, d
UiplomAs dm iMfUoJ by» 130
Fccc of, ri*t|uc^cU, 31^ FormH a Cburity FunJ, lOl Giv«A amUudco ta llojrai iufirouhry,
KJinbui^ht lui ContribiitvM tobitildbg A Dri^geovw
thoTw4'i*fi, II*; j\ltcT< ihci tim** fyr holdhff Qoarter^
ly CdtnTnunioutioiiff, 131 FU^ mititmuiL) Initiuttou fcr«^ 136 Ordftinu lb»t ft M^inb**^ of liOdj^o
Jipi.M lU'ViM'-'M (Mf rv Ifu- M;il!ct III
Mi'etsiMAi>k'(>{ Niwor IliLrliCInircli, 140, *' / nyJ,' ; ill I'arli.uiiciit
lions.', \^~K 'f l>>.<.sinl.
Excmjit"'.! iVoiM tlu' piovi-ioiis of tlu' S.'(litit)iis and Seci it >uciL'tirs
Act, i:»i. i>:»
J{i's()luti<)iis tluM-oiij>on, l.">:i, is:) Mfiiu. rial and C'.isc to Lord Ad- vocate Diindas re:;ardiii,i: said Act, ]').'); his Opuiioii tli<r(^- on, Kil >
L^ltcrior incasiiros liy the, IGl Proliihits tiic j tract isin^ of ether than the 'i'hreo CJreut Orders of Ma eonry, \(<'> Knactnients by the, relative to
NcwConstitiili'-n^ t.<T>:nmht. r I.ndJcs, 1mi rivc-.i.tir.- uf haiiL'lif.r l..nlur.. idl. ilC 'rUo title of (.r,nni holuiiL; irr^ fu tlir (ii.iU.l
Ma-tci aloii.'. :".> The Ai;ili;.ti..n nf flir f;r..ii.l .M;i-t,r l.y ;ill
Snl.or.li> Mtf I.o.l-;.-. 11': Political .litV.T.-iu-e-l.einK ii-i l.ar t-t Mas-Dic
rriiuNvsiiip. .-I-;
Tin- iH.l.lirm ut (r.iiiiinnii.' ifi'in uifb iniy i lin-tliKii otii.r tl.an tli<..-e l.<K)iiuin- f" ■ St John-- Aheoiirv. (L' i
The Ma-ter ef a Ia..iuc liaviiu,' tlio ])«\vvV to npixiiiit liis <'\> II Pepiitc, M
rroeKlrn.rnf a Past M ,st,i, :M
Time whitli slu.ul.l el iji>r I'etwern receiv-
I
inc
• h
Iiihtallation of Otlice-bcarcrs in I'uimhter The Kepro»cntation of Daughter Lodges, i77
Sootltind, Cir-Jind Lodfn* *>*">
EfincdMttnU bv tho. Mativ* lo
Tit* DlfMAtPi A«U<ihftl^tv M U)» 1
Tb* En tori AC, rataiti^, ttttA
iUM^rwirt L4dr*.lntlA0lti«idtarlMjufli-
Tl>r4fir^wiiln«uf Ibtftnl^tPcnof thet^fv
■ rLmtTntilld |T(Llt*fv«l, * mod * t^reUt
Pi>1ir/P«rup3iA
SancUotirt thv ptiblieation of tb«
Firbt Ivditlon <*f ' Tkwi Ui4k>f;y ti
Attempt by pkrtlr« to tbrofw of
th<?ir *ill*-i;iaric^ to thff, 175 ; j»c oJM
iS5 rofttponcs cdobr4tion of F««tJval ^f
8t AQdr^vir^n3J9K$4IT Cin^Uu' of, Htmi pobUi^^d. 183 A|»)>tilfif« dcjiulii'A to ojniiht m tb*
U^ioi) bf'twt^rn the (^ratiil Lodgv*
of KutcUnd, iS4 HtH?riv<w n l^crtltLon for erection of a
Navnl l^id^s 1S4 ; which lA ic*
fuMtd, l^^J CoUfbmti^« \if>T Tiiiffr Cc\TEVARTt31JI Pniscnts GoVI MtHlalsslrock on tho
occasion to tUc1>r;»nLl Master* of ,
the Grand Lod^jca of Knf;land aod '^^
hvt.ihd. eei
1 ■i>.i]lv-v^ r^ evi...;ii .\ }'[►'. ir-'.ilitJit-. Uom tlie L(j.i-.' Motlier Ivil A i;ii;iiiL'', re- •jardinL; Intrant Tee.-, '2l''2, ."U"'
Interi'retes ineaninL; to he attached to tlu' term ' I'ree born,' 2'27
Orders a L'eneiMl in'")urnini; f\>r tlio Mo-f Wor^hijdul tlie i:ail of ]{othe^. L>:0 ^
Resolutions of, ie!::^ardin ^' lionetit Socie'ies, 'j:^
I'liridia-c'i a cony of tho I'ortiait of \\ illiain St Clair, -27"'
I'rohil.its all Masonic Olubs, '27S
Institnti'^ the cla-s ot ' Honorary Member-,' '27!>
rromnlu'ites iii>^! riictior-; to all r.rediKM; ]ires(>nt at Ini' iat inns, *202
l\ecoinn\en(ls a reu-idar and nnilorm s\st(»ai of liooks fur I'aiiLjhter Lodges, ;J(I2
A])points PideL^ates to represent Iior at tho Centennial Anniversary of the Lodee St Atulreu, lioston, Massaciiusetts, ;il-2
\'o'es a sum towards tho relief of the 15relhron >vho had suUeied from Inundations in Franco, olo
Deliverance^^ by tiie, u])un tho Mark Jj(\i:ree, 27i),':UCi
Summary of the rro<;ress and Pro- sperity of tho, 359
THE HISTORY OP FREE MASONRY.
527
Scotland, Grand Lod^re of, continued —
Fees exiL'ible by, 468
Grand Office-bearers of. {See Alpha- betical 'i'able of.)
Honorary and Representativo Mem bers of, 349
Laws and Constitutions of : —
Draft of First Edition read and approved
of, 167 Committee appointed to revise another Edition, 216
Their report thereon, 217 Second Edition sanctioned, 217
I'resentation of copies of, 218, et passim. Third Edition sanctioned, 272 Presentation of copies of 172, et passim.
Presentations to the, 151, et passim.
Thanks of, voted, 151, et passim.
Visitations by, 213, 272, 280, 290, 292, 293, 314 Secret Associations daring the Middle
Ages, 27 8ecrets, Academy of, 27, 48 Siverhissar and Eraki, Masonic Monu- ments in the Turkish burying-
grounds at, 15 8omerville, Samuel, M.D., appointed
Representative from Grand Lodge
of Ireland, 289 Soult, Marshal, Diploma of, 289 Spittal, Sir James, 243 Statu t is and Ordinanceis be Williame
Schaw, 1598, 441 Stewards, (Grand), List of for 1858-59,
347 Stewart, Alexander James, 315
Patrick Maxwell, M.P., 271
Stow, application regarding laying
Foundation-stone of a Town Hall at,
302
Strict e Observantz, Society of, 70 Sweden, the King of, 279 Letter from, 291
proposal from the Grand Lodge
of, for interchange of Kepresenta- j tives, 299
I Representative to, appointed, 299 Representative from, appointed, 299 I Syriac Fraternities, 44
Templars, The, 29-40, 43, 75 Temple, Charter of transmission of the
I Order of the, 453
j Letter from the Registrar of
1 thoOrderof the, 252 Tinsley, John, 300
I Tuliibardine, Marquis of, 349
Ungeb, Carl Ferdinand, appointed Re- presentative to Grand Lodge of Hamburgh, 299 Letter from, 300
Veegeks, H, J., letter from, 290
Warden Courts established, 51 ; refer- red to, 57
Weishaupt, Dr Adam, 71
Wellington Statue, ceremonial at the Inauguration of the, 296
Woodman, James Linuing^ Grand Clerk, 265, 313
Wright, Rev. James, preaches before the Grand Lodge, 140
Yo»K, Lodges summoned to meet at, 46
Alex. Laurie dc Co. Printen to Her Majesty.
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